2005-01-10 08:39:26 +00:00
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.\"-
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1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
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.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993, 1994
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
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.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)chmod.1 8.4 (Berkeley) 3/31/94
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1999-08-27 23:15:48 +00:00
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
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.\"
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2017-01-08 06:50:53 +00:00
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.Dd January 7, 2017
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1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
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.Dt CHMOD 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm chmod
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.Nd change file modes
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
|
2000-11-20 11:39:41 +00:00
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.Nm
|
2001-05-28 15:31:11 +00:00
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.Op Fl fhv
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.Op Fl R Op Fl H | L | P
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1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
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.Ar mode
|
2001-02-13 09:56:35 +00:00
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.Ar
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1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
|
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
|
1998-05-06 06:51:42 +00:00
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.Nm
|
1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
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utility modifies the file mode bits of the listed files
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as specified by the
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.Ar mode
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operand.
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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2002-11-25 14:18:42 +00:00
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl f
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Do not display a diagnostic message if
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.Nm
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could not modify the mode for
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.Va file ,
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nor modify the exit status to reflect such failures.
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1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
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.It Fl H
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If the
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.Fl R
|
2015-04-29 00:49:00 +00:00
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option is specified, symbolic links on the command line are followed
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and hence unaffected by the command.
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(Symbolic links encountered during tree traversal are not followed.)
|
2002-11-25 14:18:42 +00:00
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.It Fl h
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If the file is a symbolic link, change the mode of the link itself
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rather than the file that the link points to.
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1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
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.It Fl L
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If the
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.Fl R
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option is specified, all symbolic links are followed.
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.It Fl P
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If the
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.Fl R
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option is specified, no symbolic links are followed.
|
2001-05-25 07:32:58 +00:00
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|
This is the default.
|
1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
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.It Fl R
|
2015-04-29 00:49:00 +00:00
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|
|
Change the modes of the file hierarchies rooted in the files,
|
1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
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instead of just the files themselves.
|
2015-04-29 00:49:00 +00:00
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|
|
Beware of unintentionally matching the
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|
.Dq Pa ".."
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|
hard link to the parent directory when using wildcards like
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.Dq Li ".*" .
|
1999-11-27 19:25:08 +00:00
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|
.It Fl v
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Cause
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.Nm
|
2002-08-09 10:34:57 +00:00
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|
to be verbose, showing filenames as the mode is modified.
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|
If the
|
2002-08-04 05:29:13 +00:00
|
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.Fl v
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|
flag is specified more than once, the old and new modes of the file
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|
will also be printed, in both octal and symbolic notation.
|
1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
|
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.El
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.Pp
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The
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.Fl H ,
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.Fl L
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and
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.Fl P
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|
options are ignored unless the
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.Fl R
|
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option is specified.
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|
In addition, these options override each other and the
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|
|
command's actions are determined by the last one specified.
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|
.Pp
|
2017-01-08 06:50:53 +00:00
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|
If
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.Nm
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|
receives a
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.Dv SIGINFO
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signal (see the
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.Cm status
|
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|
argument for
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|
.Xr stty 1 ) ,
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then the current filename as well as the old and new modes are displayed.
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.Pp
|
1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
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|
Only the owner of a file or the super-user is permitted to change
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|
the mode of a file.
|
2005-01-16 16:41:59 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh EXIT STATUS
|
2001-08-15 09:09:47 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ex -std
|
1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh MODES
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|
|
Modes may be absolute or symbolic.
|
1998-05-19 06:24:50 +00:00
|
|
|
An absolute mode is an octal number constructed from the sum of
|
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|
|
one or more of the following values:
|
1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 6n -compact -offset indent
|
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|
|
.It Li 4000
|
2002-11-25 14:18:42 +00:00
|
|
|
(the setuid bit).
|
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|
|
Executable files with this bit set
|
1998-05-19 06:24:50 +00:00
|
|
|
will run with effective uid set to the uid of the file owner.
|
2002-11-25 14:18:42 +00:00
|
|
|
Directories with this bit set will force all files and
|
2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
|
|
|
sub-directories created in them to be owned by the directory owner
|
|
|
|
and not by the uid of the creating process, if the underlying file
|
|
|
|
system supports this feature: see
|
1997-11-13 00:28:51 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr chmod 2
|
2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
|
|
|
and the
|
2002-11-25 14:18:42 +00:00
|
|
|
.Cm suiddir
|
1998-05-19 06:24:50 +00:00
|
|
|
option to
|
1999-08-14 06:26:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr mount 8 .
|
1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Li 2000
|
2002-11-25 14:18:42 +00:00
|
|
|
(the setgid bit).
|
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|
|
Executable files with this bit set
|
2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
|
|
|
will run with effective gid set to the gid of the file owner.
|
1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Li 1000
|
2002-11-25 14:18:42 +00:00
|
|
|
(the sticky bit).
|
2002-07-12 01:57:44 +00:00
|
|
|
See
|
|
|
|
.Xr chmod 2
|
|
|
|
and
|
2011-05-13 16:29:57 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr sticky 7 .
|
1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Li 0400
|
1998-05-19 06:24:50 +00:00
|
|
|
Allow read by owner.
|
1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Li 0200
|
1998-05-19 06:24:50 +00:00
|
|
|
Allow write by owner.
|
1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Li 0100
|
2002-08-09 10:34:57 +00:00
|
|
|
For files, allow execution by owner.
|
|
|
|
For directories, allow the owner to
|
1998-05-19 06:24:50 +00:00
|
|
|
search in the directory.
|
|
|
|
.It Li 0040
|
|
|
|
Allow read by group members.
|
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|
.It Li 0020
|
|
|
|
Allow write by group members.
|
|
|
|
.It Li 0010
|
2002-08-09 10:34:57 +00:00
|
|
|
For files, allow execution by group members.
|
|
|
|
For directories, allow
|
1998-05-19 06:24:50 +00:00
|
|
|
group members to search in the directory.
|
|
|
|
.It Li 0004
|
|
|
|
Allow read by others.
|
|
|
|
.It Li 0002
|
|
|
|
Allow write by others.
|
|
|
|
.It Li 0001
|
2002-08-09 10:34:57 +00:00
|
|
|
For files, allow execution by others.
|
|
|
|
For directories allow others to
|
1998-05-19 06:24:50 +00:00
|
|
|
search in the directory.
|
1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
|
|
|
For example, the absolute mode that permits read, write and execute by
|
|
|
|
the owner, read and execute by group members, read and execute by
|
2002-10-01 20:32:59 +00:00
|
|
|
others, and no set-uid or set-gid behaviour is 755
|
1998-05-19 06:24:50 +00:00
|
|
|
(400+200+100+040+010+004+001).
|
1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
The symbolic mode is described by the following grammar:
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
|
|
mode ::= clause [, clause ...]
|
2000-02-17 03:17:03 +00:00
|
|
|
clause ::= [who ...] [action ...] action
|
1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
|
|
|
action ::= op [perm ...]
|
|
|
|
who ::= a | u | g | o
|
|
|
|
op ::= + | \- | =
|
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|
|
perm ::= r | s | t | w | x | X | u | g | o
|
|
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Ar who
|
|
|
|
symbols ``u'', ``g'', and ``o'' specify the user, group, and other parts
|
|
|
|
of the mode bits, respectively.
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Ar who
|
|
|
|
symbol ``a'' is equivalent to ``ugo''.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Ar perm
|
|
|
|
symbols represent the portions of the mode bits as follows:
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact -offset indent
|
|
|
|
.It r
|
|
|
|
The read bits.
|
|
|
|
.It s
|
|
|
|
The set-user-ID-on-execution and set-group-ID-on-execution bits.
|
|
|
|
.It t
|
|
|
|
The sticky bit.
|
|
|
|
.It w
|
|
|
|
The write bits.
|
|
|
|
.It x
|
|
|
|
The execute/search bits.
|
|
|
|
.It X
|
|
|
|
The execute/search bits if the file is a directory or any of the
|
|
|
|
execute/search bits are set in the original (unmodified) mode.
|
|
|
|
Operations with the
|
|
|
|
.Ar perm
|
|
|
|
symbol ``X'' are only meaningful in conjunction with the
|
|
|
|
.Ar op
|
|
|
|
symbol ``+'', and are ignored in all other cases.
|
|
|
|
.It u
|
2002-02-01 12:37:21 +00:00
|
|
|
The user permission bits in the original mode of the file.
|
1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
|
|
|
.It g
|
2002-02-01 12:37:21 +00:00
|
|
|
The group permission bits in the original mode of the file.
|
1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
|
|
|
.It o
|
2002-02-01 12:37:21 +00:00
|
|
|
The other permission bits in the original mode of the file.
|
1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Ar op
|
|
|
|
symbols represent the operation performed, as follows:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 4n
|
|
|
|
.It +
|
|
|
|
If no value is supplied for
|
|
|
|
.Ar perm ,
|
|
|
|
the ``+'' operation has no effect.
|
|
|
|
If no value is supplied for
|
|
|
|
.Ar who ,
|
|
|
|
each permission bit specified in
|
|
|
|
.Ar perm ,
|
|
|
|
for which the corresponding bit in the file mode creation mask
|
2006-12-22 07:28:38 +00:00
|
|
|
(see
|
|
|
|
.Xr umask 2 )
|
1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
|
|
|
is clear, is set.
|
|
|
|
Otherwise, the mode bits represented by the specified
|
|
|
|
.Ar who
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.Ar perm
|
|
|
|
values are set.
|
|
|
|
.It \&\-
|
|
|
|
If no value is supplied for
|
|
|
|
.Ar perm ,
|
|
|
|
the ``\-'' operation has no effect.
|
|
|
|
If no value is supplied for
|
|
|
|
.Ar who ,
|
|
|
|
each permission bit specified in
|
|
|
|
.Ar perm ,
|
|
|
|
for which the corresponding bit in the file mode creation mask
|
|
|
|
is clear, is cleared.
|
|
|
|
Otherwise, the mode bits represented by the specified
|
|
|
|
.Ar who
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.Ar perm
|
|
|
|
values are cleared.
|
|
|
|
.It =
|
|
|
|
The mode bits specified by the
|
|
|
|
.Ar who
|
2006-12-22 07:28:38 +00:00
|
|
|
value are cleared, or, if no
|
|
|
|
.Ar who
|
|
|
|
value is specified, the owner, group
|
1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
|
|
|
and other mode bits are cleared.
|
|
|
|
Then, if no value is supplied for
|
|
|
|
.Ar who ,
|
|
|
|
each permission bit specified in
|
|
|
|
.Ar perm ,
|
|
|
|
for which the corresponding bit in the file mode creation mask
|
|
|
|
is clear, is set.
|
|
|
|
Otherwise, the mode bits represented by the specified
|
|
|
|
.Ar who
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.Ar perm
|
|
|
|
values are set.
|
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
Each
|
|
|
|
.Ar clause
|
|
|
|
specifies one or more operations to be performed on the mode
|
|
|
|
bits, and each operation is applied to the mode bits in the
|
|
|
|
order specified.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
Operations upon the other permissions only (specified by the symbol
|
|
|
|
``o'' by itself), in combination with the
|
|
|
|
.Ar perm
|
|
|
|
symbols ``s'' or ``t'', are ignored.
|
2009-01-23 11:39:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
The ``w'' permission on directories will permit file creation, relocation,
|
|
|
|
and copy into that directory.
|
|
|
|
Files created within the directory itself will inherit its group ID.
|
1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh EXAMPLES
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "u=rwx,go=u-w" -compact
|
|
|
|
.It Li 644
|
|
|
|
make a file readable by anyone and writable by the owner only.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
.It Li go-w
|
|
|
|
deny write permission to group and others.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
.It Li =rw,+X
|
|
|
|
set the read and write permissions to the usual defaults, but
|
|
|
|
retain any execute permissions that are currently set.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
.It Li +X
|
|
|
|
make a directory or file searchable/executable by everyone if it is
|
|
|
|
already searchable/executable by anyone.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
.It Li 755
|
|
|
|
.It Li u=rwx,go=rx
|
|
|
|
.It Li u=rwx,go=u-w
|
|
|
|
make a file readable/executable by everyone and writable by the owner only.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
.It Li go=
|
|
|
|
clear all mode bits for group and others.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
.It Li g=u-w
|
|
|
|
set the group bits equal to the user bits, but clear the group write bit.
|
|
|
|
.El
|
1999-11-27 19:25:08 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh COMPATIBILITY
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Fl v
|
|
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option is non-standard and its use in scripts is not recommended.
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1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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1996-02-16 00:08:53 +00:00
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.Xr chflags 1 ,
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1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
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.Xr install 1 ,
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2002-11-04 06:46:53 +00:00
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.Xr setfacl 1 ,
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1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
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.Xr chmod 2 ,
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.Xr stat 2 ,
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.Xr umask 2 ,
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.Xr fts 3 ,
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.Xr setmode 3 ,
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2011-05-13 16:29:57 +00:00
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.Xr sticky 7 ,
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1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
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.Xr symlink 7 ,
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1998-05-19 06:24:50 +00:00
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.Xr chown 8 ,
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2011-05-13 16:29:57 +00:00
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.Xr mount 8
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1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
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.Sh STANDARDS
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The
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1998-05-06 06:51:42 +00:00
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.Nm
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1996-12-14 05:51:20 +00:00
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utility is expected to be
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.St -p1003.2
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1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
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compatible with the exception of the
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.Ar perm
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2001-03-01 19:03:01 +00:00
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symbol
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1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00
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.Dq t
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2001-03-01 19:03:01 +00:00
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which is not included in that standard.
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1996-08-29 18:06:19 +00:00
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.Sh HISTORY
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A
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.Nm
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command appeared in
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.At v1 .
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2005-01-16 16:41:59 +00:00
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.Sh BUGS
|
2005-02-13 23:45:54 +00:00
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There is no
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2005-01-16 16:41:59 +00:00
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.Ar perm
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2009-01-26 18:14:21 +00:00
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option for the naughty bits of a horse.
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