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<article>
2001-10-04 22:40:19 +00:00
<articleinfo>
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<title>&os; &release.current; Release Notes</title>
2001-10-04 22:40:19 +00:00
2004-09-05 14:53:34 +00:00
<corpauthor>The &os; Project</corpauthor>
2001-10-04 22:40:19 +00:00
2001-10-04 23:06:37 +00:00
<pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
2001-10-04 22:40:19 +00:00
<copyright>
<year>2000</year>
<year>2001</year>
2002-01-02 17:27:58 +00:00
<year>2002</year>
2003-01-06 21:59:16 +00:00
<year>2003</year>
2004-01-10 18:10:20 +00:00
<year>2004</year>
2005-02-19 20:10:38 +00:00
<year>2005</year>
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<year>2006</year>
2007-01-05 10:13:01 +00:00
<year>2007</year>
2008-01-01 23:58:18 +00:00
<year>2008</year>
2009-01-09 03:52:12 +00:00
<year>2009</year>
2004-09-05 14:53:34 +00:00
<holder role="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">The &os; Documentation Project</holder>
2001-10-04 22:40:19 +00:00
</copyright>
2005-03-13 02:43:01 +00:00
<legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
&tm-attrib.freebsd;
&tm-attrib.ibm;
&tm-attrib.ieee;
&tm-attrib.intel;
&tm-attrib.sparc;
&tm-attrib.general;
</legalnotice>
2001-10-25 21:06:37 +00:00
<abstract>
<para>The release notes for &os; &release.current; contain a summary
2005-06-30 04:55:46 +00:00
of the changes made to the &os; base system on the
&release.branch; development line.
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This document lists applicable security advisories that were issued since
the last release, as well as significant changes to the &os;
kernel and userland.
Some brief remarks on upgrading are also presented.</para>
2001-10-25 21:06:37 +00:00
</abstract>
</articleinfo>
2001-10-04 22:40:19 +00:00
2003-01-12 18:23:15 +00:00
<sect1 id="intro">
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<para>This document contains the release notes for &os;
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&release.current;. It
2002-06-20 21:19:49 +00:00
describes recently added, changed, or deleted features of &os;.
It also provides some notes on upgrading
2002-02-18 21:22:08 +00:00
from previous versions of &os;.</para>
2001-10-04 22:40:19 +00:00
2004-08-21 08:59:53 +00:00
<![ %release.type.current [
<para>The &release.type; distribution to which these release notes
apply represents the latest point along the &release.branch; development
2009-11-26 20:55:44 +00:00
branch since &release.branch; was created. Information regarding pre-built, binary
2004-08-21 08:59:53 +00:00
&release.type; distributions along this branch
can be found at <ulink url="&release.url;"></ulink>.</para>
]]>
2001-10-04 22:40:19 +00:00
<![ %release.type.snapshot [
<para>The &release.type; distribution to which these release notes
2002-02-18 21:22:08 +00:00
apply represents a point along the &release.branch; development
2005-03-19 19:54:09 +00:00
branch between &release.prev; and the future &release.next;.
Information regarding
2002-02-18 21:22:08 +00:00
pre-built, binary &release.type; distributions along this branch
can be found at <ulink url="&release.url;"></ulink>.</para>
2001-10-04 22:40:19 +00:00
]]>
<![ %release.type.release [
2002-02-18 21:22:08 +00:00
<para>This distribution of &os; &release.current; is a
&release.type; distribution. It can be found at <ulink
2009-11-26 20:55:44 +00:00
url="&release.url;"></ulink> or any of its mirrors. More
2002-02-18 21:22:08 +00:00
information on obtaining this (or other) &release.type;
distributions of &os; can be found in the <ulink
2004-07-27 00:02:19 +00:00
url="&url.books.handbook;/mirrors.html"><quote>Obtaining
2004-09-05 14:53:34 +00:00
&os;</quote> appendix</ulink> to the <ulink
url="&url.books.handbook;/">&os;
2002-02-18 21:22:08 +00:00
Handbook</ulink>.</para>
2001-10-04 22:40:19 +00:00
]]>
2003-05-03 22:18:24 +00:00
<para>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata before
installing &os;. The errata document is updated with
<quote>late-breaking</quote> information discovered late in the
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release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains
2003-05-03 22:18:24 +00:00
information on known bugs, security advisories, and corrections to
documentation. An up-to-date copy of the errata for &os;
&release.current; can be found on the &os; Web site.</para>
2001-10-04 22:40:19 +00:00
</sect1>
2009-11-26 20:55:44 +00:00
<sect1 id="new">
<title>What's New</title>
<para>This section describes the most user-visible new or changed
features in &os; since &release.prev;, and changes shown in
Release Notes for the previous releases are marked as
<literal>[7.1R]</literal> and <literal>[7.2R]</literal>.</para>
<para>Typical release note items document recent security
advisories issued after &release.prev;, new drivers or hardware
support, new commands or options, major bug fixes, or
contributed software upgrades. They may also list changes to
major ports/packages or release engineering practices. Clearly
the release notes cannot list every single change made to &os;
between releases; this document focuses primarily on security
advisories, user-visible changes, and major architectural
improvements.</para>
<sect2 id="security">
<title>Security Advisories</title>
<para>Problems described in the following security advisories have
been fixed. For more information, consult the individual
advisories available from
<ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/"></ulink>.</para>
<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
<tgroup cols="3">
<colspec colwidth="1*">
<colspec colwidth="1*">
<colspec colwidth="3*">
<thead>
<row>
<entry>Advisory</entry>
<entry>Date</entry>
<entry>Topic</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row role="7.1">
<entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-08:05.openssh.asc"
>SA-08:05.openssh</ulink></entry>
<entry>17 April 2008</entry>
<entry><para>OpenSSH X11-forwarding privilege escalation</para></entry>
</row>
<row role="7.1">
<entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-08:06.bind.asc"
>SA-08:06.bind</ulink></entry>
<entry>13 July 2008</entry>
<entry><para>DNS cache poisoning</para></entry>
</row>
<row role="7.1">
<entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-08:07.amd64.asc"
>SA-08:07.amd64</ulink></entry>
<entry>3 September 2008</entry>
<entry><para>amd64 swapgs local privilege escalation</para></entry>
</row>
<row role="7.1">
<entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-08:08.nmount.asc"
>SA-08:08.nmount</ulink></entry>
<entry>3 September 2008</entry>
<entry><para>&man.nmount.2; local arbitrary code execution</para></entry>
</row>
<row role="7.1">
<entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-08:09.icmp6.asc"
>SA-08:09.icmp6</ulink></entry>
<entry>3 September 2008</entry>
<entry><para>Remote kernel panics on IPv6 connections</para></entry>
</row>
<row role="7.1">
<entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-08:10.nd6.asc"
>SA-08:10.nd6</ulink></entry>
<entry>1 October 2008</entry>
<entry><para>IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Protocol routing vulnerability</para></entry>
</row>
<row role="7.1">
<entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-08:11.arc4random.asc"
>SA-08:11.arc4random</ulink></entry>
<entry>24 November 2008</entry>
<entry><para>&man.arc4random.9; predictable sequence vulnerability</para></entry>
</row>
<row role="7.1">
<entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-08:12.ftpd.asc"
>SA-08:12.ftpd</ulink></entry>
<entry>23 December 2008</entry>
<entry><para>Cross-site request forgery in &man.ftpd.8;</para></entry>
</row>
<row role="7.1">
<entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-08:13.protosw.asc"
>SA-08:13.protosw</ulink></entry>
<entry>23 December 2008</entry>
<entry><para>netgraph / bluetooth privilege escalation</para></entry>
</row>
<row role="7.2">
<entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-09:01.lukemftpd.asc"
>SA-09:01.lukemftpd</ulink></entry>
<entry>07 January 2009</entry>
<entry><para>Cross-site request forgery in
&man.lukemftpd.8;</para></entry>
</row>
<row role="7.2">
<entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-09:02.openssl.asc"
>SA-09:02.openssl</ulink></entry>
<entry>07 January 2009</entry>
<entry><para>OpenSSL incorrectly checks for malformed
signatures</para></entry>
</row>
<row role="7.2">
<entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-09:03.ntpd.asc"
>SA-09:03.ntpd</ulink></entry>
<entry>13 January 2009</entry>
<entry><para>ntpd cryptographic signature
bypass</para></entry>
</row>
<row role="7.2">
<entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-09:04.bind.asc"
>SA-09:04.bind</ulink></entry>
<entry>13 January 2009</entry>
<entry><para>BIND DNSSEC incorrect checks for
malformed signatures</para></entry>
</row>
<row role="7.2">
<entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-09:05.telnetd.asc"
>SA-09:05.telnetd</ulink></entry>
<entry>16 February 2009</entry>
<entry><para>telnetd code execution
vulnerability</para></entry>
</row>
<row role="7.2">
<entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-09:06.ktimer.asc"
>SA-09:06.ktimer</ulink></entry>
<entry>23 March 2009</entry>
<entry><para>Local privilege escalation</para></entry>
</row>
<row role="7.2">
<entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-09:07.libc.asc"
>SA-09:07.libc</ulink></entry>
<entry>04 April 2009</entry>
<entry><para>Information leak in &man.db.3;</para></entry>
</row>
<row role="7.2">
<entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-09:08.openssl.asc"
>SA-09:08.openssl</ulink></entry>
<entry>22 April 2009</entry>
<entry><para>Remotely exploitable crash in
OpenSSL</para></entry>
</row>
<row role="8.0">
<entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-09:09.pipe.asc"
>SA-09:09.pipe</ulink></entry>
<entry>10 June 2009</entry>
<entry><para>Local information disclosure via direct pipe writes</para></entry>
</row>
<row role="8.0">
<entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-09:10.ipv6.asc"
>SA-09:10.ipv6</ulink></entry>
<entry>10 June 2009</entry>
<entry><para>Missing permission check on SIOCSIFINFO_IN6 ioctl</para></entry>
</row>
<row role="8.0">
<entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-09:11.ntpd.asc"
>SA-09:11.ntpd</ulink></entry>
<entry>10 June 2009</entry>
<entry><para>ntpd stack-based buffer-overflow vulnerability</para></entry>
</row>
<row role="8.0">
<entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-09:12.bind.asc"
>SA-09:12.bind</ulink></entry>
<entry>29 July 2009</entry>
<entry><para>BIND &man.named.8; dynamic update message remote DoS</para></entry>
</row>
<row role="8.0">
<entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-09:14.devfs.asc"
>SA-09:14.devfs</ulink></entry>
<entry>2 Oct 2009</entry>
<entry><para>Devfs / VFS NULL pointer race condition</para></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="kernel">
<title>Kernel Changes</title>
<para role="8.0">The &os; <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel now
includes Trusted BSD MAC (Mandatory Access Control) support.
No MAC policy module is loaded by default.</para>
<para role="8.0" arch="i386">A loader
tunable <varname>hw.clflush_disable</varname> has been added
to avoid panic (trap 9)
at <function>map_invalidate_cache_range()</function> even if
Intel CPU is used. This tunable can be set
to <literal>-1</literal> (default), <literal>0</literal> and
<literal>1</literal>. The <literal>-1</literal> is same as
the current behavior, which automatically
disables <literal>CLFLUSH</literal> on Intel CPUs without
<literal>CPUID_SS</literal> (this should occurr on Xen
only). You can specify <literal>1</literal> when this panic
happens on non-Intel CPUs (such as AMD's). Because disabling
<literal>CLFLUSH</literal> can reduce performance, you can try
with setting <literal>0</literal> on Intel CPUs
without <literal>SS</literal> to
use <literal>CLFLUSH</literal> feature.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.jail.8; subsystem has been updated. Changes include:</para>
<itemizedlist role="7.2">
<listitem>
<para role="8.0">A new virtualization container
named <quote>vimage</quote> has been implemented. This is
not enabled by default. To enable this, add the following
kernel options to your kernel configuration file and
rebuild the kernel:</para>
<programlisting>options VIMAGE</programlisting>
<para>Note that <literal>options SCTP</literal> in the
<filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel is not compatible with
<literal>options VIMAGE</literal>. This limitation will
be fixed in the next release.</para>
<para>The vimage is a jail with a virtualized instance of
the &os; network stack. It can be created by using
&man.jail.8; command like this:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; jail -c vnet name=<replaceable>vnet1</replaceable> host.hostname=<replaceable>vnet1.example.net</replaceable> path=/ persist</screen>
<para>The vimage has own loopback interface and a separated
network stack including the L3 routing tables. Network
interfaces on the system can be moved by using
&man.ifconfig.8; <option>vnet</option> option between the
different vimage jails and outside of them.</para>
<para>Furthermore, the &man.epair.4; pseudo-interface driver
has been added to help communication between vimage jails.
It emulates a pair of back-to-back connected Ethernet
interfaces. For example, the following commands create an
interface pair of &man.epair.4;:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; ifconfig epair0 create
epair0a
&prompt.root; ifconfig epair0a
epair0a: flags=8842<BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500
ether 02:c0:64:00:07:0a
&prompt.root; ifconfig epair0b
epair0b: flags=8842<BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500
ether 02:c0:64:00:08:0b</screen>
<para>The &man.epair.4; pseudo-interfaces and any physical
interfaces on the system can be moved between vimage jails
by using &man.ifconfig.8; <option>vnet</option> option as
described above. Even after half of an &man.epair.4; pair
is moved, the back-to-back connection still valid and can
be used for inter-jail communication.</para>
<para>Note that vimage is still considered as an
experimental feature.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>A jail can now have arbitrary named parameters similar
to environmental variables and the fixed jail parameters
in the previous releases have been replaced with them.
The jail name can now be used for identifying the jail in
&man.jexec.8; and &man.killall.1;.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Multiple IPv4 and/or IPv6 addresses per jail are now
supported. It is even possible to have jails without
an IP address at all, which basically gives one a chrooted
environment with restricted process view and no
networking.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>SCTP (&man.sctp.4;) with IPv6 in jails has been
implemented.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Specific CPU binding by using &man.cpuset.1; has been
implemented. Note that the current implementation allows
the superuser inside of the jail to change the CPU
bindings specified.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>A &man.jail.8; can start with a specific route
FIB now.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The &man.ddb.8; kernel debugger now supports a
<literal>show jails</literal> subcommand.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Compatibility support which permits 32-bit jail
binaries to be used on 64-bit systems to manage jails has
been added.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Note that both version numbers of
<literal>jail</literal> and <literal>prison</literal> in
the &man.jail.8; have been updated for the new
features.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para role="8.0">The &man.ksyms.4;, kernel symbol table
interface driver has been added. It creates a character
device <filename>/dev/ksyms</filename> and provides
read-only access to a snapshot of the kernel symbol
table.</para>
<para role="8.0" arch="amd64,i386">The &os; Linux emulation
layer has been updated to version 2.6.16 and the default Linux
infrastructure port is
<filename>emulators/linux_base-f10</filename> (Fedora
10).</para>
2009-11-26 22:09:37 +00:00
<para role="8.0" arch="arm">The &os;/&arch.arm; now
supports mini dump.</para>
<para role="8.0" arch="powerpc">The &os;/&arch.powerpc; now
supports kernel core dump.</para>
2009-11-26 20:55:44 +00:00
<para role="8.0" arch="amd64,i386">The &os; virtual memory
subsystem now supports fully transparent use of
<application>superpages</application> for application memory;
application memory pages are dynamically promoted to or
demoted from superpages without any modification to
application code. This change offers the benefit of large
page sizes such as improved virtual memory efficiency and
reduced TLB (translation lookaside buffer) misses without
downsides like application changes and virtual memory
inflexibility. This can be enabled by setting a loader tunable
<varname>vm.pmap.pg_ps_enabled</varname> to
<literal>1</literal> and is enabled by default on
&arch.amd64;.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.ddb.8; kernel debugger now supports a
<command>show mount</command> subcommand.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &os; DTrace subsystem now supports a probe for
process execution.</para>
<para role="7.2" arch="amd64">The &os; kernel virtual address
space has been increased to 6GB. This allows subsystems to use
larger virtual memory space than before. For example, the
&man.zfs.8; adaptive replacement cache (ARC) requires large
kernel memory space to cache file system data, so it benefits
from the increased address space. Note that the ceiling on
the kernel map size is now 60% of the size of physical memory
rather than an absolute quantity.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.kld.4; now supports installing 32-bit
system calls to the &os; syscall translation layer from kernel
modules.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.ktr.4; now supports a new KTR tracepoint in the
<literal>KTR_CALLOUT</literal> class to note when a callout
routine finishes executing.</para>
<para role="7.2">Types of variables used to track the amount of allocated
System V shared memory have been changed from
<literal>int</literal> to <literal>size_t</literal>. This
makes it possible to use more than 2 GB of memory for shared
memory segments on 64-bit architectures. Please note the new
BUGS section in &man.shmctl.2; and
<filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename> for limitations of this
temporary solution.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.sysctl.3; leaf nodes have a flag to tag
themselves as MPSAFE now.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &os; 32-bit system call translation layer now
supports installing 32-bit system calls for
<literal>VFS_AIO</literal>.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.clock.gettime.2; and the related system calls now
support a clock ID <literal>CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID</literal>,
as defined in POSIX.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.cpuset.2; system call has been added. This is an
API for thread to CPU binding and CPU resource grouping and
assignment.</para>
<para role="7.1">The DTrace, a comprehensive dynamic tracing framework and
&man.dtrace.1; userland utility have been imported from
OpenSolaris. DTrace provides a powerful infrastructure to
permit administrators, developers, and service personnel to
concisely answer arbitrary questions about the behavior of the
operating system and user programs.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.ddb.4; kernel debugger now has an output capture
facility. Input and output from &man.ddb.4; can now be captured
to a memory buffer for later inspection using &man.sysctl.8; or
a textdump. The new <command>capture</command> command controls
this feature.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.ddb.4; debugger now supports a simple scripting
facility, which supports a set of named scripts consisting of a
set of &man.ddb.4; commands. These commands can be managed from
within &man.ddb.4; or with the use of the new &man.ddb.8;
utility. More details can be found in the &man.ddb.4; manual
page.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.ddb.4; <command>ex</command> command now supports
an <option>/S</option> mode which interprets and prints the
value at the requested address as a symbol. For example,
<userinput>ex /S <replaceable>aio_swake</replaceable></userinput>
prints the name of the function currently registered in
via <replaceable>aio_swake</replaceable> hook.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.ddb.4; <command>show conifhk</command> command has
been added. This lists hooks currently waiting for completion
in <function>run_interrupt_driven_config_hooks()</function>.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.fcntl.2; system call now supports
<literal>F_DUP2FD</literal> command. This is equivalent to
&man.dup.2;, and compatible with the Sun Solaris and the IBM
AIX.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &os;'s &man.linux.4; ABI support now implements
<function>sched_setaffinity()</function> and
<function>sched_getaffinity()</function> using real CPU affinity
setting primitives.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.procstat.1; utility has been added. This is a
process inspection utility which provides some of the missing
functionality from &man.procfs.5; and new functionality for monitoring
and debugging specific processes.</para>
<para role="7.1">The client side functionality of &man.rpc.lockd.8; has been
implemented in the &os; kernel. This implementation provides the
correct semantics for &man.flock.2; style locks which are used
by the &man.lockf.1; command line tool and the &man.pidfile.3;
library. It also implements recovery from server restarts and
ensures that dirty cache blocks are written to the server before
obtaining locks (allowing multiple clients to use file locking
to safely share data). Also, a new kernel option
<literal>options NFSLOCKD</literal> has been added and enabled
by default. If the kernel support is enabled, &man.rpc.lockd.8;
automatically detects and uses the functionality.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &os; kernel now supports a new textdump format of kernel
dumps. A textdump provides higher-level information via
mechanically generated/extracted debugging output, rather than a
simple memory dump. This facility can be used to generate brief
kernel bug reports that are rich in debugging information, but
are not dependent on kernel symbol tables or precisely
synchronized source code. More information can be found in the
&man.textdump.4; manual page.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.wait4.2; system call now supports
<option>WNOWAIT</option> flag to keep the process whose status
is returned in a waitable state and <option>WSTOPPED</option>
which is equivalent to <option>WUNTRACED</option>.</para>
<para role="7.1" arch="amd64,i386,sparc64">The &os; kernel now has
initial support of binding interrupts to CPUs.</para>
<para role="7.1" arch="amd64,i386"> The &man.sched.ule.4; scheduler is now the default
process scheduler in <filename>GENERIC</filename>
kernels.</para>
<para role="7.1">The sysctl
variables <varname>kern.features.compat_freebsd[456]</varname>
have been added. These are corresponding to the kernel options
<literal>COMPAT_FREEBSD[456]</literal>.</para>
<sect3 id="boot">
<title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
<para role="8.0">The <application>boot0</application> boot
loader now preserves volume ID at offset
0x1b8 used in other operating systems </para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.boot0cfg.8; utility now supports a
new <option>-i</option> option to set the volume ID.</para>
2009-11-26 22:09:37 +00:00
<para role="8.0" arch="arm,powerpc">The &man.loader.8; now
supports U-Boot support library.</para>
2009-11-26 20:55:44 +00:00
<para role="7.2">The &man.boot.8; now supports 4-byte volume ID that
certain versions of &windows; put into the MBR and invoking
PXE by pressing the F6 key on some supported BIOSes.</para>
<para role="7.2" arch="i386">The &man.boot.8; BTX loader has been
improved. This fixes several boot issues on recent machines
reported for 7.1-RELEASE and before.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.loader.8; is now able to obtain DHCP options
from network boot via &man.kenv.2; variables.</para>
<para role="7.2">A bug in the &man.loader.8; has been fixed. Now the
following line works as expected:</para>
<programlisting>loader_conf_files="<replaceable>foo</replaceable> <replaceable>bar</replaceable> ${<replaceable>variable</replaceable>}"</programlisting>
<para role="7.1" arch="amd64,i386">The BTX kernel used by the boot
loader has been changed to invoke BIOS routines from real
mode. This change makes it possible to boot &os; from USB
devices.</para>
<para role="7.1" arch="amd64,i386">A new gptboot boot loader has
been added to support booting from a GPT labeled disk. A
new <command>boot</command> command has been added to
&man.gpt.8;, which makes a GPT disk bootable by writing the
required bits of the boot loader, creating a new boot
partition if required.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="proc">
<title>Hardware Support</title>
<para role="8.0">The &os; now includes experimental support
for &arch.mips; platform.</para>
2009-11-26 22:09:37 +00:00
<para role="8.0">Support for RTC on Dallas Semiconductor chips
has been improved. The DS133x and DS1553 are now
supported.</para>
<para role="8.0" arch="arm">The &os;/&arch.arm; now supports
Feroceon and Sheeva embedded CPU, Marvell Orion (88F5281),
Kirkwood (88F6281), Discovery Innovation (MV-78100)
systems-on-chip CPU.</para>
<para role="8.0" arch="powerpc">The &os;/&arch.powerpc; now
supports SMP machines</para>
<para role="8.0" arch="powerpc">The &os;/&arch.powerpc; now
supports E500 (Book-E) embedded CPU and Freescale
PowerQUICCIII MPC85xx system-on-chip (including single and
dual-core).</para>
2009-11-26 20:55:44 +00:00
<para role="8.0">The &man.acpi.4; subsystem now supports the System
Resource Affinity Table (SRAT) used to describe affinity
relationships between CPUs and memory, ACPI 3.0 fields in
the MADT including X2APIC entries and UIDs for local SAPICs, and
ACPI 3.0 flags in the FADT.</para>
<para role="8.0" arch="powerpc">The &man.cpufreq.4; framework now
supports PowerPC G5, along with a skeleton SMU driver in order to slew
CPU voltage during frequency changes.</para>
<para role="8.0">The sec(4) driver has been added to provide
support for the integrated security engine found in
Freescale system-on-chip devices.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &os; TTY layer has been replaced with a
new one which has better support for SMP and robust resource
handling. A tty now has own mutex and it is expected to
improve scalability when compared to the old implementation
based on the Giant lock.</para>
<para role="8.0" arch="amd64,i386">The &man.uart.4; driver is now the
default driver for serial port devices in favor of the
&man.sio.4; driver. Note that the device nodes have been
renamed from
<filename>/dev/cuad<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename> and
<filename>/dev/ttyd<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename> to
<filename>/dev/cuau<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename> and
<filename>/dev/ttyu<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>.</para>
<important>
<para>Users who are upgrading will need to change their
kernel configurations and possibly also
<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> and
<filename>/boot/device.hints</filename>.</para>
</important>
<para role="8.0">The &os; USB subsystem has been reimplemented
to support modern devices and better SMP scalability. The
new implementation includes Giant-lock-free device drivers,
a Linux compatibility layer, &man.usbconfig.8; utility, full
support for split transaction and isochronous transaction,
and more. Device node names for USB devices are now in a
the form
of <filename>/dev/usb/<replaceable>bus</replaceable>.<replaceable>dev</replaceable>.<replaceable>endpoint</replaceable></filename>,
and <filename>/dev/usbctl</filename> is the master device
node. Note that the &man.ugen.4; driver has nodes for each device as <filename>/dev/ugen<replaceable>bus</replaceable>.<replaceable>dev</replaceable></filename> for backward compatibility.</para>
<para role="7.2" arch="sparc64">&os; now supports Ultra SPARC III
(Cheetah) processor family.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.acpi.4; subsystem now supports a &man.sysctl.8;
variable <varname>debug.batt.batt_sleep_ms</varname>. On
some laptops with smart batteries, enabling battery
monitoring software causes keystrokes from &man.atkbd.4; to
be lost. This sysctl variable adds a delay in millisecond
to the status checking code as a workaround.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.acpi.asus.4; driver now supports Asus A8Sr
notebooks.</para>
<para role="7.2" arch="powerpc">Support for the AltiVec, a floating point
and integer SIMD instruction set has been added.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.cpuctl.4; driver, which provides a special
device <filename>/dev/cpuctl</filename> as an interface to
the system CPU has been added. The &man.cpuctl.4;
functionality includes the ability to retrieve CPUID
information, read/write machine specific registers (MSR),
and perform CPU firmware updates.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.cpufreq.4; driver now supports an
<varname>hw.est.msr_info</varname> loader tunable. When
this is set to <literal>1</literal>, it attempts to build a
simple list containing just the high and low frequencies if
it cannot obtain a frequency list from either ACPI or the
static tables. This is disabled by default.</para>
<para role="7.2" arch="amd64,i386">CPU frequency change notifiers are now
disabled when the TSC is P-state invariant. Also, a new
loader tunable
<varname>kern.timecounter.invariant_tsc</varname> has been
added to force this behavior by setting it to
non-zero.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.atkbd.4; driver now disables the interrupt
handler which is called from the keyboard callback function
when polled mode is enabled. This fixes the problem of
duplicated/missing characters at the mountroot prompt on
multi CPU systems while &man.kbdmux.4; is enabled.</para>
<para role="7.2">In the &man.pci.4; subsystem INTx is now disabled when
MSI/MSIX is enabled. This change fixes interrupt storm
related issues.</para>
<para role="7.2" arch="sparc64">The schizo(4) driver for Schizo
Fireplane/Safari to PCI 2.1 and Tomatillo JBus to PCI 2.2
bridges has been added.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.u3g.4; driver for USB based 3G cards and
dongles including Vodafone Mobile Connect Card 3G, Qualcomm
CDMA MSM, Huawei E220, Novatel U740, Sierra MC875U, and more
has been added. This provides support for the multiple
USB-to-serial interfaces exposed by many 3G USB/PC Card
modems, and the device is accessed through the &man.ucom.4;
driver which makes it behave like a &man.tty.4;.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.sched.ule.4; scheduler now supports
the loader tunable
<varname>machdep.hyperthreading_enabled</varname> just like
&man.sched.4bsd.4;. Note that it cannot be modified at
run-time.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.cmx.4; driver, a driver for Omnikey CardMan 4040
PCMCIA smartcard readers, has been added.</para>
<para role="7.1" arch="sparc64">The &man.kbdmux.4; driver now
supports &arch.sparc64;. The &man.sunkbd.4; driver now
supports &man.atkbd.4; emulation like &man.ukbd.4;.</para>
<para role="7.1">The <filename>nvram(4)</filename> driver is now
MPSAFE.</para>
<para role="7.1">An option of the &man.puc.4;
driver, <literal>PUC_FASTINTR</literal>, is no longer
supported.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.psm.4; driver now attempts detection of Synaptics
touchpad before IntelliMouse. Some touchpads will pretend to
be IntelliMouse causing the IntelliMouse probe to work and the
Synaptics detection never to be done.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.uslcom.4; driver, a driver for Silicon
Laboratories CP2101/CP2102-based USB serial adapters, has been
imported from OpenBSD.</para>
<sect4 id="mm">
<title>Multimedia Support</title>
<para role="8.0">The &os; audio subsystem has been improved.
The changes include volume per channel, high quality
fixed-point band-limited SINC sampling rate converter,
bit-perfect mode, transparent/adaptive virtual channel,
and exclusive stream. For more details, see the
&man.snd.4; manual page.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.agp.4; driver now supports Intel G4X series
graphics chipsets.</para>
<para role="7.2">The Direct Rendering Manager
(<application>DRM</application>), a kernel module that
gives direct hardware access to DRI clients, has been
updated. Support for AMD/ATI r500, r600, r700, and IGP
based chips, XGI V3XE/V5/V8, and Intel i915 chipsets has
been improved.</para>
<para role="7.2">A new loader tunable <varname>hw.drm.msi</varname> has
been added to control if DRM uses MSI or not. This is set
to <literal>1</literal> (enabled) by default.</para>
<para role="7.2">The snd_au88x0(4) driver for Aureal Vortex
1/2/Advantage PCI has been removed because it has been
broken for a long time.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.snd.hda.4; driver has been updated. These
changes include support for multiple codecs per HDA bus,
multiple functional groups per codec, multiple audio
devices per functional group, digital (SPDIF/HDMI) audio
input/output, suspend/resume, and part of multichannel
audio.</para>
<para role="7.2">Note that due to added HDMI audio and
logical audio devices support, the updated driver often
provides several PCM devices. This means that in some
cases the system default audio device no longer
corresponds to the users's habitual audio connectors. In
such cases the default device can be specified in audio
applications' setup or defined globally via
<varname>hw.snd.default_unit</varname> sysctl variable, as
described in the &man.sound.4; manual page.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.agp.4; driver now supports the
Intel G33 and G45.</para>
<para role="7.1" arch="i386">The <filename>dpms(4)</filename> driver has
been added to use the VESA BIOS for DPMS during suspend and
resume.</para>
<para role="7.1">The <application>DRM</application> kernel driver now
supports i915 GME devices.</para>
</sect4>
<sect4 id="net-if">
<title>Network Interface Support</title>
<para role="8.0">The &man.bwi.4; driver has been added to
provide support for Broadcom BCM43xx IEEE 802.11b/g wireless
network interfaces.</para>
<para role="8.0" arch="sparc64">The &man.cas.4; driver has
been added to provide support for Sun Cassini/Cassini+ and
National Semiconductor DP83065 Saturn Gigabit Ethernet
devices.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.cxgbtool.8; now supports an
interactive mode for scripting of repeatedly performed
tasks.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.fxp.4; driver has been improved. Changes include:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para role="8.0">The multicast filter re-programming
is now more robust.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para role="7.2">The checksum offload feature can be controlled by
&man.ifconfig.8; now.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para role="7.2">Rx checksum offload support for 82559 or later
controllers has been added.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para role="7.2">TSO (TCP Segmentation Offload) support for 82550
and 82551 controllers has been added.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para role="7.2">WoL (Wake on LAN) support for 82550, 82551, 82558,
and 82559-based controllers has been added. Note that
ICH based controllers are treated as 82559, and 82557,
earlier revisions of 82558, and 82559ER have no WoL
capability.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para role="7.2">VLAN hardware tag insertion/stripping support and
Tx/Rx checksum offload for VLAN frames support has
been added. Note that the VLAN hardware assistance is
available only on 82550 or 82551-based
controllers.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
2009-11-26 22:09:37 +00:00
<para role="8.0" arch="arm,powerpc">The mge(4) driver has
been added to provide support for Marvell Gigabit Ethernet
controllers found on ARM-based SOCs (Orion, Kirkwood,
Discovery), as well as on system controllers for PowerPC
processors (MV64430, MV6446x).</para>
2009-11-26 20:55:44 +00:00
<para role="8.0">The &man.miibus.4; driver now supports
the Marvell 88E3016.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.msk.4; driver now supports Yukon
FE+ A0 including 88E8040, 88E8040T, 88E8048 and
88E8070.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.mwl.4; driver has been added to
provide support for Marvell 88W8363 IEEE 802.11n wireless
network devices.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.mxge.4; driver now supports some newer
revisions and 10GBASE-LRM and 10GBASE-Twinax media
types. The firmware version has been updated to 1.4.43.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.nge.4; driver has been improved and
now works on all platforms.</para>
2009-11-26 22:09:37 +00:00
<para role="8.0">The tsec(4) driver has been added to
provide support for Freescale integrated Three-Speed
Ethernet Controller (TSEC). This driver also works with
the enhanced version of the controller (eTSEC).</para>
2009-11-26 20:55:44 +00:00
<para role="8.0">The &man.uath.4; driver for USB wireless LAN
adapter based on Atheros AR5005UG and AR5005UX chipsets
has been added. The &man.uathload.8; utility, a firmware
loader for the Atheros USB wireless driver has also been
added.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.urtw.4; driver has been added to
provide support for Realtek RTL8187B/L USB IEEE 802.11b/g
wireless network devices.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.xl.4; driver now supports TX
checksum offload.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.ae.4; driver now supports WoL
(Wake on LAN).</para>
<para role="7.2" arch="amd64,i386">The &man.ale.4; driver is now
included in the <filename>GENERIC</filename>
kernel.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.ath.hal.4;, Atheros Hardware Access Layer,
has been updated to the open source version.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.axe.4; driver has been improved in
performance by eliminating extra context switches and now
supports the Apple USB Ethernet adapter.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.bce.4; driver's firmware has been updated to
the latest version (4.6.X).</para>
<para role="7.2">The ciphy(4) driver now supports Vitesse VSC8211
PHY.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.cxgb.4; driver has been updated to firmware
revision 4.7 and now supports hardware MAC
statistics.</para>
<para role="7.2">A bug in the &man.igb.4; driver, which prevented the
loader tunable <varname>hw.igb.ave_latency</varname> from
working, has been fixed.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.ixgbe.4; driver has been updated to
version 1.7.4.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.jme.4; driver now supports newer JMicron
JMC250/JMC260 revisions.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.msk.4; driver has been improved. An issue
which made it hang up in a certain condition has been
fixed. Hardware MAC statistics support has been added
and users can get the information via sysctl variables
named
<varname>dev.msk.<replaceable>N</replaceable>.stats</varname>.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.nfe.4; driver now supports hardware MAC
statistics.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.re.4; driver has been improved. It now
detects the link status. A new loader tunable
<varname>hw.re.prefer_iomap</varname> has been added, to
disable memory register mapping. This tunable is
<literal>0</literal> for all controllers except RTL8169SC
family.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.rl.4; driver has been improved. It now
detects the link status and a bug which prevented it from
working on systems with more than 4GB memory has been
fixed.</para>
<para role="7.2">A bug in &man.sis.4; on VLAN tagged frame handling has
been fixed.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.txp.4; driver now works on all supported
architectures. Support has been added for &man.altq.4;,
WoL, checksum offload when VLAN enabled, and link state
change handling has been improved, and new sysctl
variables
<varname>dev.txp.<replaceable>N</replaceable>.stats</varname>
for MAC statistics have been added. New sysctl variables
<varname>dev.txp.<replaceable>N</replaceable>.process_limit</varname>
has been added, to control how many received frames should
be served in Rx handler (set to 64 by default and valid
ranges are 16 to 128 in unit of frames). The firmware has
been updated to the latest version.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.ae.4; driver has been added to provide
support for the Attansic/Atheros L2 FastEthernet
controllers.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.jme.4; driver has been added to
provide support for PCIe adapters based on JMicron JMC250
gigabit Ethernet and JMC260 fast Ethernet controllers.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.age.4; driver has been added to
provide support for Attansic/Atheros L1 gigabit Ethernet
controller.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.malo.4; driver has been added to
provide support for Marvell Libertas 88W8335 based PCI network
adapters.</para>
<para role="7.1">The bm(4) driver has been added to
provide support for Apple Big Mac (BMAC) Ethernet controller,
found on various Apple G3 models.</para>
<para role="7.1">The et(4) driver has been added to
provide support for Agere ET1310 10/100/Gigabit Ethernet
controller.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.glxsb.4; driver has been added
to provide support for the Security Block in AMD Geode LX
processors.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.ale.4; driver has been added to provide support
for Atheros AR8121/AR8113/AR8114 Gigabit/Fast Ethernet controllers.
This driver is not enabled in <filename>GENERIC</filename>
kernels for this release.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.em.4; driver has been split into two drivers
with some common parts. The &man.em.4; driver will continue
to support adapters up to the 82575, as well as new
client/desktop adapters. A new &man.igb.4; driver
will support new server adapters.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.hme.4; driver has been improved.</para>
<para role="7.1">A bug in some of the &man.miibus.4; supported drivers that
IEEE 802.3 auto-negotiation was performed in a wrong order,
has been fixed. Now it chooses the correct technologies
supported by IEEE 802.3 in the order described in Annex
28B.3.</para>
<para role="7.1">A workaround has been added for a bug in TCP/UDP
hardware checksum offload of the &man.msk.4; driver for
short frames. Note that for frames that requires hardware
VLAN tag insertion, the checksum offload workaround does not
work due to changes of checksum offset in mbuf after the
VLAN tag. So disabling hardware checksum offload for the
VLAN interface is needed in such cases.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.ndis.4; NDIS miniport driver wrapper has been
improved.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.sf.4; driver has been improved and now supports
checksum offloading.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.stge.4; driver now supports WOL (Wake on
LAN).</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.vr.4; driver has been improved.</para>
<para role="7.1" arch="amd64,i386"> The &man.wpi.4; driver has
been updated to include a number of stability fixes.</para>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="net-proto">
<title>Network Protocols</title>
<para role="8.0">The &os; netisr framework has been
reimplemented for parallel threading support. This is a
kernel network dispatch interface which allows device
drivers (and other packet sources) to direct packets to
protocols for directly dispatched or deferred processing.
The new implementation supports up to one netisr thread per
CPU, and several benchmarks on SMP machines show substantial
performance improvement over the previous version.</para>
<para role="8.0">A bug in the &man.gif.4; that EtherIP packets
sent by combination of &man.if.bridge.4; and &man.gif.4;
have a reversed version field has been fixed. If you need
to communicate with older &os; releases via EtherIP, use new
flags <literal>accept_rev_ethip_ver</literal>
and <literal>send_rev_ethip_ver</literal> to control
handling the reversed version field. These can be set by
&man.ifconfig.8 utility to &man.gif.4; interfaces. The
EtherIP implementation found on &os; 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.0,
7.1, and 7.2 had an interoperability issue because it sent
the incorrect EtherIP packets and discarded the correct
ones. For more details, see &man.gif.4; manual page.</para>
<para role="8.0">The IGMPv3 and SSM (Source-Specific Multicast)
including IPv6 SSM and MLDv2 have been added. Although the
old KAME MLDv2 hooks have been replaced with the new
implementation, the related kernel programming interfaces have been
preserved.</para>
<para role="8.0">The multicast routing code has been improved
and the IPv4 and IPv6 support has been split.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &os; now supports the upcoming Wireless
Mesh standard, IEEE 802.11s. The current implementation is
based on the March 2009 D3.0 draft version.</para>
<para role="8.0">The wireless network support layer (net80211)
now uses pseudo-interfaces named as
<literal>wlan<replaceable>N</replaceable></literal> instead
of a device driver name like <literal>em0</literal>
directly. The
<literal>wlan<replaceable>N</replaceable></literal>
interface is created by &man.ifconfig.8; as an instance of
the parent interface and used for actual communication
similar to &man.vlan.4, IEEE 802.1Q VLAN network interface.
Note that multiple instances (to realize multiple BSSes with
a single AP device, for example) can be created if the
parent interface supports it. For more details, see
&man.ifconfig.8; manual page.</para>
<para role="8.0">The net80211 layer now supports TDMA for long
distance point-to-point links using &man.ath.4;
devices.</para>
<para role="8.0">An infrastructure for caching flows as a means
of accelerating L2 and L3 lookups has been added. This is
called <quote>flow table</quote> and enabled by default on
&arch.amd64 and &arch.i386; platforms. This also provides
stateful load balancing when used
with <literal>RADIX_MPATH</literal>
<para role="8.0">The &os; L2 address translation table has been
reimplemented to reduce lock contention on parallel
processing and simplify the routing logic. The new
implementation has L2 address translation tables for both
ARP (for IPv4) and NDP (for IPv6) which are separated from
the L3 routing tables, and supports flow table caches for both
the routing table and the L2 information. One of the
user-visible changes is that a concept of cloned route (a
route generated by an entry
with <literal>RTF_CLONING</literal> flag) is deprecated.
This means routing flags <literal>RTF_CLONING</literal>,
<literal>RTF_WASCLONE</literal>,
and <literal>RTF_LLINFO</literal> are obsolete.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.ipsec.4; subsystem now supports
NAT-Traversal (RFC 3948). This is disabled by default. To
enable this add the following kernel option and rebuild the
kernel:</para>
<programlisting>device crypto
options IPSEC
options IPSEC_NAT_T</programlisting>
<para role="7.2">IPv4 source address selection for unbound sockets has
been implemented as follows:</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>If we found a route, use the address corresponding
to the outgoing interface.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para role="7.2">Otherwise we assume the foreign address is reachable
on a directly connected network and try to find a
corresponding interface to take the source address
from.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para role="7.2">As a last resort use the default jail address.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para role="7.2">This also changes the semantics of selecting the IP for
processes within a &man.jail.8; as it now uses the same
logic as outside the &man.jail.8;.</para>
<para role="7.2">The TCP MD5 Signature Option (RFC 2385) for IPv6 has
been implemented in the same way it has been implemented for
IPv4.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.ng.netflow.4; Netgraph node now includes
support for generating egress netflow instead or in addition
to ingress. An <literal>NGM_NETFLOW_SETCONFIG</literal>
control message has been added to control the new
functionality.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.tap.4; Ethernet tunnel software network
interface now supports a new <literal>TAPGIFNAME</literal>
character device ioctl. This is a convenient shortcut to
obtain the network interface name using a file descriptor to
a character device.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.tap.4; now supports
<literal>SIOCSIFMTU</literal> ioctl to set a higher MTU than
1500 (ETHERMTU). This allows &man.tap.4; devices to be
added to the same bridge (which requires all interface
members to have the same MTU) with an interface configured
for jumbo frames.</para>
<para role="7.2">The domains list for handling the list of supported
domains in the &man.unix.4; (UNIX domain protocol family)
subsystem is now MPSAFE.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.arp.8; utility now
supports <literal>reject</literal>
and <literal>blackhole</literal> keywords. In the entry
marked as <literal>reject</literal>, traffic to the host will
be discarded and the sender will be notified the host is
unreachable. In the entry marked as <literal>blackhole</literal>,
traffic is discarded but the sender is not notified.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.bpf.4; now supports an
ioctl <literal>BIOCSETFNR</literal>. This is just like
<literal>BIOCSETF</literal>, but it does not drop all the
packets buffered on the descriptor and reset the
statistics.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.if.bridge.4; interface can limit the
number of source MACs that can be behind a bridge interface
via <literal>ifmaxaddr</literal> parameter of
&man.ifconfig.8;.</para>
<para role="7.1">A bug in the &man.carp.4; interface configuration which
leads to a system panic has been fixed.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.dummynet.4; subsystem now supports
<literal>fast</literal> mode operation which allows certain
packets to bypass the dummynet scheduler. This can achieve
lower latency and lower overhead when the packet flow is under
the pipe bandwidth, and eliminate recursion in the subsystem.
The new sysctl variable
<varname>net.inet.ip.dummynet.io_fast</varname> has been
added to enable this feature.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.enc.4; interface now supports sysctl
variables to control whether the firewalls or &man.bpf.4;
will see inner and outer headers or just inner or outer
headers for incoming and outgoing IPsec packets.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.gre.4; now supports
ioctls <literal>GRESKEY</literal>
and <literal>GREGKEY</literal> which allows set or get GRE
key used for outgoing packets.</para>
<para role="7.1">A bug in the &man.ipsec.4; subsystem that PMTU was broken
in those cases when there was a route with a lower MTU than
the MTU of the outgoing interface, has been fixed.</para>
<para role="7.1">The netatm subsystem has been removed due to
lacking multiprocessor support.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.ng.nat.4; now supports redirect functionality
in <filename>libalias</filename>. For more details, see the
manual page.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.ng.pptpgre.4; now supports multiple hooks like
&man.ng.l2tp.4;, to use one pair of pptpgre and ksocket nodes for all
calls between two peers.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.resolver.3; now allows underscore in domain
names. Although this is a violation of RFC 1034 [STD 13], it is
accepted by certain name servers as well as other popular operating
systems' resolver library.</para>
<para role="7.1">A socket option <literal>TCP_CONGESTION</literal> for TCP
sockets has been added. This is for setting and retrieving the
congestion control algorithm. The name used is to allow
compatibility with Linux.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.rwlock.9; has been used throughout
the <varname>inpcbinfo</varname> and <varname>inpcb</varname>
infrastructure, and protocols that depend on that
infrastructure, including UDP, TCP, and IP raw sockets to
reduce the lock contentions.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &os; now supports multiple routing tables. To
enable this, the following steps are needed:</para>
<itemizedlist role="7.1">
<listitem>
<para>Add the following kernel configuration option and
rebuild the kernel. The <literal>2</literal> is the number
of FIB (Forward Information Base, synonym for a routing
table here). The maximum value is 16.</para>
<programlisting>options ROUTETABLES=2</programlisting>
<para>The procedure for rebuilding the &os; kernel is
described in the <ulink
url="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html#AEN30408">&os;
Handbook</ulink>.</para>
<para>This number can be modified on boot time. To do so, add
the following to <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> and
reboot the system:</para>
<programlisting>net.fibs=6</programlisting>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Set a loader tunable <varname>net.my_fibnum</varname> if
needed. This means the default number of routing tables.
If not specified, <literal>0</literal> will be used.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Set a loader tunable
<varname>net.add_addr_allfibs</varname> if needed. This
enables to add routes to all FIBs for new interfaces by
default. When this is set to <literal>0</literal>, it will
only allocate routes on interface changes for the FIB of the
caller when adding a new set of addresses to an interface.
Note that this tunable is set to <literal>1</literal> by
default.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>To select one of the FIBs, the new &man.setfib.1; utility
can be used. This set an associated FIB with the process. For
example:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; setfib -3 ping target.example.com</screen>
<para>The FIB #3 will be used for the &man.ping.8; command.</para>
<para>The FIB which the packet will be associated with will be
determined in the following rules:</para>
<itemizedlist role="7.1">
<listitem>
<para>All packets which have a FIB associated with them will
use the FIB. If not, FIB #0 will be used.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>A packet received on an interface for forwarding uses
FIB #0.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>A TCP listen socket associated with an FIB will generate
accept sockets which are associated with the same FIB.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>A packet generated in response to other packet uses the
FIB associated with the packet being responded to.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>A packet generated on tunnel interfaces such as
&man.gif.4; and &man.tun.4; will be encapsulated using the
FIB of the process which set up the tunnel.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Routing messages will be associated with the process's
FIB.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Also, the &man.ipfw.8; now supports an action rule
<literal>setfib</literal>. The following action:</para>
<programlisting>setfib <replaceable>fibnum</replaceable></programlisting>
<para>will make the matched packet use the FIB specified in
<replaceable>fibnum</replaceable>. The rule processing
continues at the next rule.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="disks">
<title>Disks and Storage</title>
<para role="8.0">The &os; CAM SCSI subsystem (&man.cam.4;) now
includes experimental support for ATA/SATA/AHCI-compliant
devices. This is disabled by default. To enable this,
adding the following kernel options to your kernel
configuration file and rebuild the kernel:</para>
<programlisting>device ahci
device siis</programlisting>
<para role="8.0">The current implementation supports
AHCI-compliant controllers and SiliconImage
SiI3124/SiI3132/SiI3531 controllers. The device node of an
ATA drive is <literal>ada</literal> and an ATAPI
drive is <literal>cd</literal>.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &os; iSCSI initiator implementation has
been improved and supports IPv6.</para>
<para role="8.0">A userland utility &man.mfiutil.8; for the
&man.mfi.4; devices has been added. This includes basic
features to monitor controller, array, and drive status,
change basic attributes, create/delete arrays and spares,
and flush the controller firmware. Note that this is a
small utility, not a replacement of MegaCLI in the Ports
Collection which is supported officially and provides more
functionality.</para>
<para role="8.0">A userland utility &man.mptutil.8; for the
&man.mpi.4; devices has been added. This includes basic
features to monitor controller, array, and drive status,
change basic attributes, and create/delete arrays and
spares.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.siis.4; driver has been added to
provide support for SiliconImage SiI3124/3132/3531 SATA2
controllers. It supports Serial ATA and ATAPI devices, port
multipliers (including FIS-based switching), hardware
command queues (31 commands per port) and Native Command
Queuing.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.ata.4; driver now supports Marvell PATA M88SX6121.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.ata.4; driver now recognizes nForce MCP67 and
MCP73 SATA controllers as AHCI.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.ataraid.4; driver now includes preliminary support
for DDF metadata found on Adaptec HostRAID controllers.
Note that spares and rebuilds are not supported yet.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.cam.4; SCSI subsystem now supports a new sysctl
variable <varname>kern.cam.cd.retry_count</varname>. This
controls the number of retries for the CD media. When
trying to read scratched or damaged CDs and DVDs, the
default mechanism is sub-optimal, and programs like
<application>ddrescue</application> do much better if you
turn off the retries entirely since their algorithms do it
by themselves. This value is set to <literal>4</literal>
(for a total of 5 attempts) by default. Setting it to
<literal>0</literal> turns off all retry attempts.</para>
<para role="7.2">A bug in the &man.ciss.4; driver which caused low
<quote>max device openings</quote> count and led to poor
performance has been fixed.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.glabel.8; GEOM class now supports a new
UFS-based label called <literal>ufsid</literal> that can be
used to reference UFS-carrying devices by the unique file
system ID. This file system ID is automatically generated
and detected when the &man.glabel.8; GEOM class is enabled. An
example of this new label is:
<filename>/dev/ufsid/48e69c8b5c8e1b43</filename>. The
benefit of using GEOM labels in general is to avoid problems
of device renaming when shifting drives or
controllers.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.gjournal.8; GEOM class now supports the root
file system. Previously, an unclean shutdown would make it
impossible to mount the root file system at boot.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.gpart.8; utility has been updated. The APM
scheme now supports Tivo Series 1 partitions (read only), a
new EBR scheme to support Extended Boot Records has been
added, the BSD scheme now support bootcode, and bugs in the
PC98 and VTOC8 schemes have been fixed.</para>
<para role="7.2">An issue in &man.gvinum.8; with access permissions
to underlying disks used by a gvinum plex has been fixed.
If the plex is a raid5 plex and is being written to, parity data might
have to be read from the underlying disks, requiring them to be opened for
reading as well as writing.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.hptmv.4; driver has been updated to version
1.16 from HighPoint.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.mmc.4; and &man.mmcsd.4; drivers now support MMC
and SDHC cards, high speed timing, wide bus, and multiblock
transfers.</para>
<para role="7.2" arch="sparc64">The &man.mpt.4; driver is now in the
<filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.sdhci.4; driver has been added. This supports
PCI devices with class 8 and subclass 5 according to the SD
Host Controller Specification.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.sdhci.4; driver now supports kernel dumping and
a sysctl variable <varname>hw.sdhci.debug</varname> for debug
level.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.twa.4; driver now supports 64-bit DMA.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.mmc.4; &man.mmcsd.4;, and &man.sdhci.4; driver
are now included as kernel modules.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.aac.4; driver now supports 64-bit array support
for RAIDs larger than 2TB and simultaneous opens of the device
for issuing commands to the controller.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.ata.4; driver now supports a loader variable
<varname>hw.ata.ata_dma_check_80pin</varname>. This can be
used to disable the 80pin cable check on broken systems such
as certain laptops and Soekris boards. The default value is
<literal>1</literal>.</para>
<para role="7.1">A data corruption problem of the &man.ata.4; driver on
ServerWorks HT1000 chipsets has been fixed.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.ciss.4; driver now supports a loader tunable
<varname>hw.ciss.nop_message_heartbeat</varname> for
NOP-message polling in <function>ciss_periodic()</function>.
This can be used as a workaround for
<literal>ADAPTER HEARTBEAT FAILED</literal> issue.
The default value is <literal>0</literal> (disabled).</para>
<para role="7.1">The <filename>geom_part</filename> GEOM class can be built
as a kernel module.</para>
<para role="7.1">The <filename>geom_linux_lvm</filename> GEOM class can be
built as a kernel module.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.hptrr.4; driver has been updated to version 1.2
from Highpoint.</para>
<para role="7.1">A buffer overflow in the &man.iir.4; driver has been
fixed. This likely fixes a great number of weird problems
that have been reported with this driver.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.mpt.4; driver now supports <literal>mpt_user</literal>
personality.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.rr232x.4; driver has been superseded by
&man.hptrr.4; driver.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.twa.4; driver has been improved with regard to
stability on machines with a plenty of memory and high CPU
load.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="fs">
<title>File Systems</title>
<para role="8.0"><quote>dangerously dedicated</quote> mode for
the UFS file system is no longer supported.</para>
<important>
<para>Such disks will need to be reformatted to work with
this release.</para>
</important>
<para role="8.0">The &man.gvinum.8; now supports commands
found in the old vinum implementation including
<command>attach</command>, <command>detach</command>,
<command>start</command>, <command>stop</command>,
<command>concat</command>, <command>mirror</command>,
<command>stripe</command>, and
<command>raid5</command>.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.gvinum.8; now
supports <literal>grow</literal> command to make it easier
for users to extend plexes without having to understand all
of the implementation internals.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &os; NFS subsystem now
supports <literal>RPCSEC_GSS</literal> authentication on
both the client and server. This replaces the RPC
implementation of the NFS client and server with the newer
RPC implementation originally developed to support the NFS
Lock Manager. It supports both the new RPC implementation
and the older legacy implementation inherited from the
original NFS codebase and the default is to use the new one.
To use <literal>RPCSEC_GSS</literal> on either client or
server, you must build a kernel which includes
the <literal>KGSSAPI</literal> option and the &man.crypto.4;
device. For more details, see &man.gssd.8; manual
page.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &os; NFS subsystem now includes a new,
experimental implementation with support for NFSv2, NFSv3, and
NFSv4. This is not enabled by default. To enable this, add
the following kernel options to your kernel configuration
file and rebuild the kernel:</para>
<programlisting role="8.0">options NFSCL # for NFS client
options NFSD # for NFS server</programlisting>
<para role="8.0">The fstype for &man.mount.8; program is
<literal>newnfs</literal>, and &man.mount.newnfs.8; program
has also been added. The old, unmaintained NFSv4 client
based on an implementation from the University of Michigan was
removed from the &os; source tree.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &os; NFS subsystem now uses TCP as the
default transport.</para>
<para role="8.0">The shared vnode locking for pathname lookups
in the &man.VFS.9; subsystem has been improved. This is
enabled by default. Setting a sysctl variable
<varname>vfs.lookup_shared</varname> to <literal>0</literal>
disables it. Note that the
<literal>LOOKUP_SHARED</literal> kernel option equivalent to
the sysctl variable has been removed.</para>
<para role="8.0">The <application>ZFS</application> file system
has been updated to version 13. The changes include ZFS
operations by a regular user, L2ARC, ZFS Intent Log on
separated disks (slog), sparse volumes, and so on.</para>
<para role="7.2">The semantics of &man.acl.3; extended access control
lists has been changed as follows:</para>
<itemizedlist role="7.2">
<listitem>
<para>The inode modification time (mtime) is not updated
when extended attributes are added, modified, or removed.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The inode access time (atime) is not updated
when extended attributes are queried.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para role="7.2">The &os; NFS file system now supports a sysctl variable
<varname>vfs.nfs.prime_access_cache</varname> to determine
whether or not <function>nfs_getattr()</function> will use
an ACCESS RPC to prime the access cache instead of a simple
GETATTR RPC. This is because on many NFS servers an ACCESS
RPC is much more expensive to service than a GETATTR RPC for
files in an NFSv3 mount. The sysctl variable is enabled by
default to maintain the previous behavior.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &os; UDF file system now supports a fifo.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.fdescfs.5; is now MPSAFE.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.gpart.8; now supports BSD disklabels (option
<literal>GEOM_PART_BSD</literal>) and
VTOC8 disklabels (option
<literal>GEOM_PART_VTOC8</literal>).</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.gvinum.8; now accepts <replaceable>volume</replaceable>
parameter when creating a plex.</para>
<para role="7.1">A pathname lookup bug of a UNIX domain socket in the
<filename>unionfs(7)</filename> has been fixed.</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="userland">
<title>Userland Changes</title>
<para role="8.0">The GCC stack protection (also known as
ProPolice) has been enabled in the &os; base system.</para>
<para role="8.0">A BSD-licensed &man.ar.1; utility has been added
in favor of one in <application>GNU binutils</application> and
it is now the default utility for building the &os; base
system.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.awk.1; utility now supports 64 files.
The upper limit was 20 in prior releases.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.bsnmpd.1; program now supports OIDs
for ZFS.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.camcontrol.8; program now supports a
new modularized ATA kernel module and various ATA
commands.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.cat.1; and &man.cp.1; now use a larger
buffer if the number of pages of the physical memory on the
system is grater than 32k. This reduces the number of context
switches.</para>
<para role="8.0">A new BSD-licensed &man.cpio.1; utility has been
added in favor of <application>GNU cpio</application> and it
is now the default utility in the &os; base system.</para>
<para role="8.0">A script for the &man.crashinfo.8; utility for
simple analysis of crash dump has been added. It generates a
text file containing the output of several commands run against
the core dump such as &man.kgdb.1; (stack trace), &man.ps.1;,
&man.netstat.1;,
&man.vmstat.8;,
&man.iostat.8;,
&man.dmesg.8;,
and
&man.fstat.1;.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.df.1; utility's <option>-h</option>
flag now supports displaying inode counts in a human-readable
format when a flag <option>-i</option> is specified.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.df.1; utility now supports
a <option>-T</option> flag to display file system type in each
entry.</para>
<para role="8.0">A bug in the &man.dhclient.8; that can create a
malformed <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> has been
fixed.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.dhclient.8; now uses an
<option>-n</option> flag when invoking &man.route.8; command.
This eliminates a long delay in the case that it gets a lease
but DNS service is not working.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.dhclient.8; utility now
uses <literal>68</literal> (bootpc) as the source port for
unicast <literal>DHCPREQUEST</literal> packets instead of
allowing the protocol stack to pick a random source port.
This fixes the behavior where &man.dhclient.8; would never
transition from <literal>RENEWING</literal>
to <literal>BOUND</literal> without going
through <literal>REBINDING</literal> in some networks which
has a tight policy on DHCP spoofing.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.env.1; utility now supports a
<option>-u <replaceable>name</replaceable></option> option
that completely unsets the given name instead of setting it to
a null value.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.find.1; utility now supports a number
of primaries found in <application>GNU find</application>
including <option>-ignore_readdir_race</option>,
<option>-noignore_readdir_race</option>,
<option>-noleaf</option>, <option>-gid</option>,
<option>-uid</option>, <option>-wholename</option>,
<option>-iwholename</option>, <option>-mount</option>,
<option>-d</option>, <option>-lname</option>,
<option>-ilname</option>, <option>-quit</option>,
<option>-samefile</option>, and <option>-true</option>.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.fsck.8; utility now supports a
<option>-r</option> flag to free up excess unused inodes.
Decreasing the number of preallocated inodes reduces the
running time of future runs of fsck and frees up space that
can allocated to files. This flag is ignored when running in
preen mode.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.freebsd-update.8; now supports backing
up the old kernel when installing a new kernel. The backup
kernel will be written
to <filename>/boot/kernel.old</filename> if the directory does
not exist or the directory was created by freebsd-update in a
previous backup. Otherwise the &man.freebsd-update.8; will
generate a new directory name for use by the backup. This is
enabled by default.</para>
2009-11-26 22:09:37 +00:00
<para role="8.0">The &man.gdbserver.1; now supports &arch.arm;
and &arch.powerpc; platforms.</para>
2009-11-26 20:55:44 +00:00
<para role="8.0">The &man.gpt.8; program has been removed in
favor of &man.gpart.8;.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.gzip.1; utility now supports
uncompressing files which are created
by <application>pack</application> found in some commercial
UNIX-like systems.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.i2c.8; utility for diagnostics of I2C has
been added.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.ifconfig.8; now
supports <option>vnet</option> and <option>-vnet</option>
option to allow moving interfaces between jails with
vimage.</para>
<para role="8.0">A BSD-licensed <filename>libdwarf</filename>
library has been added for DTrace clients.</para>
<para role="8.0">The <filename>libmsun</filename> library now supports
<function>acosl()</function>,
<function>asinl()</function>,
<function>atanl()</function>,
<function>atan2l()</function>,
<function>cargl()</function>,
<function>csqrtl()</function>,
<function>fmodl()</function>,
<function>hypotl()</function>,
and
<function>remquol()</function>
functions.</para>
<para role="8.0">The <filename>libproc</filename>
library has been added for DTrace clients.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.mtest.8; utility now supports IPv6.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.mount.8; program now supports
an <option>-o
mountprog=<replaceable>filename</replaceable></option> option
to allow an alternative program to be used for mounting a file
system. This is useful for non-&man.nmount.2; based file
systems such as FUSE.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.nfscbd.8;, &man.nfsuserd.8;,
&man.nfsdumpstate.8;, and &man.nfsrevoke.8; utilities for the
new NFSv4 subsystem has been added.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.pmcannotate.8; utility has been added.
This prints out sources of a tool (in C or assembly) with
inlined profiling informations retrieved by a prior
&man.pmcstat.8; analysis.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.route.8; utility now
supports <command>show</command>,
<command>weights</command>, and <command>sticky</command>
commands. For more details, see the &man.route.8; manual
page.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.rtld.1; now supports a new
environment variable <varname>LD_ELF_HINTS_PATH</varname> for
overriding the rtld hints file. This environment variable
would be ignored if the process uses setuid and/or setgid.
This feature gives a convenient way to use a custom set of
shared library that is not in the default location.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.rtld.1; now supports the dynamic
string token substitution in the rpath and soneeded pathes. The
<varname>$ORIGIN</varname>,
<varname>$OSNAME</varname>,
<varname>$OSREL</varname>
and <varname>$PLATFORM</varname>
tokens are supported. Enabling
the substitution requires <literal>DF_ORIGIN</literal>
flag in <literal>DT_FLAGS</literal> or
<literal>DF_1_ORIGIN</literal> if
<literal>DF_FLAGS_1</literal>, that may be set
with <option>-z</option> origin <application>GNU
ld</application> flag. This translation is unconditionally
disabled for setuid/setgid processes.
The <varname>$ORIGIN</varname> translation relies on
the <literal>AT_EXECPATH</literal> auxinfo supplied by the
&os; kernel.</para>
<para role="8.0">It is no longer possible to create UFS
filesystems in <quote>dangerously dedicated</quote> mode using
&man.sysinstall.8; since this mode is no longer supported.</para>
<para role="8.0">&man.sysinstall.8; menus have been simplified
to reduce confusion and duplication with other parts of the
system. The <application>Xorg</application> window system
should be installed just like any other package.
Configuration of <application>Linux</application> and
<application>OSF/1</application> emulation should be done via
kernel rebuilds. Support for installation from tape media was
removed as it was believed to be broken. Obsolete code to
support <literal>OLDCARD</literal> was also
removed.</para>
<para role="8.0">&man.sysinstall.8; now understands how to use
unsliced USB drives as installation source media via
<filename>/dev/da<replaceable>X</replaceable><replaceable>a</replaceable></filename></para>
<para role="8.0">&man.sysinstall.8; now recognizes the new
<filename>/dev/ada<replaceable>X</replaceable></filename> disk
devices, if compiled into the kernel.</para>
<para role="8.0">&man.sysinstall.8; now uses the
<filename>freebsd-doc-<replaceable>*</replaceable></filename>
packages for localized documents.</para>
<para role="8.0">&man.sysinstall.8; now ejects the CDROM after
installation if it was used as source media.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.traceroute.8; and &man.traceroute6.8;
now support an
<option>-a</option> flag to display AS number corresponding to
the lookup IP address on each hop. It will query the number to
WHOIS server specified in <option>-A</option> option. If
no <option>-A</option> is
specified, <hostid>whois.radb.net</hostid> will be used as the
default value.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.tzsetup.8; now supports
an <option>-s</option> flag to skip the question about
adjusting the clock to UTC.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.wake.8; utility, a tool to send Wake on
LAN frames to hosts on a local Ethernet network has been
added.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.ypserv.8; program now
supports <filename>shadow.byname</filename>
and <filename>shadow.byuid</filename> maps.</para>
<para role="7.2">A bug in the &man.atacontrol.8; utility, which prevents it
from working when <filename>/usr</filename> is not mounted or
invoked from <filename>/rescue</filename>, has been
fixed.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.btpand.8; daemon from NetBSD has been added.
This daemon provides support for Bluetooth Network Access
Point (NAP), Group Ad-hoc Network (GN) and Personal Area
Network User (PANU) profiles.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.cpucontrol.8; utility has been added to
control &man.cpuctl.4; pseudo-device.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.ncal.1; utility now supports multibyte
characters.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.newfs.8; utility now supports
operations on a regular file.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.config.8; utility now supports
multiple <varname>makeoption</varname> lines.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.csup.1; utility now supports CVSMode to fetch a
complete CVS repository. Note that the rsync transfer mode is
currently disabled.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.dirname.1; utility now accepts multiple arguments
in the same way that &man.basename.1; does.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.du.1; utility now supports an <option>-l</option>
flag. When specified, the &man.du.1; utility counts a file
with multiple hard links as multiple different files.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.du.1; utility now supports an <option>-A</option> flag
to display the apparent size instead of the disk usage. This can be
helpful when operating on compressed volumes or sparse files.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.du.1; utility now supports a <option>-B
<replaceable>blocksize</replaceable></option> option to
calculate block counts in blocks of
<replaceable>blocksize</replaceable> bytes. This is different
from the <option>-k</option> or <option>-m</option> options or
setting <varname>BLOCKSIZE</varname> and gives an estimate of
how much space the examined file hierarchy would require on a
file system with the given
<replaceable>blocksize</replaceable>. Unless in
<option>-A</option> mode, <replaceable>blocksize</replaceable>
is rounded up to the next multiple of 512.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.dumpfs.8; utility now supports an
<option>-f</option> flag, which causes it to list all free
fragments in the file system by fragment (block) number. This
new mode does the necessary arithmetic to generate absolute
fragment numbers rather than the cg-relative numbers printed
in the default mode.</para>
<para role="7.2">If <option>-f</option> is passed once, contiguous fragment
ranges are collapsed into an X-Y format as free block lists
are currently printed in regular dumpfs output. If specified
twice, all block numbers are printed individually, allowing
both compact and more script-friendly representation.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.fetch.1; utility now supports an
<option>-i</option> flag which supports the If-Modified-Since
HTTP 1.1 request. If specified it will cause the file to be
downloaded only if it is more recent than the mtime of the
local file. Also, <application>libfetch</application> now
accepts the mtime in the url structure and a flag to indicate
when this behavior is desired.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.fsck.8; utility now supports a
<option>-C</option> flag for <literal>check clean</literal>
mode. This checks if the file system was dismounted cleanly
first and then skip file system checks if true. Otherwise it
does full checks.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.fsck.8; utility now supports a
<option>-D</option> flag for damaged recovery mode, which will
enable certain aggressive operations that can make
&man.fsck.8; to survive with file systems that has very
serious data damage. This is a useful last resort when on
disk data damage is very serious and causes &man.fsck.8; to
crash.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.getaddrinfo.3; function now supports SCTP.</para>
<para role="7.2">A bug was fixed in the &man.ipfw.8; utility which displays
extra messages for a NAT rule even when a <option>-q</option>
flag is specified.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.ln.1; utility now supports a <option>-w</option>
flag to check if the source file actually exists. When the
flag is specified and the file does not exist, &man.ln.1; will
issue a warning message.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.ln.1; utility now allows creating hard
links to symbolic links because the POSIX.1-2008 requires this
behavior for <option>-L</option> and <option>-P</option>
flag.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.lpr.1; utility now support
an <option>-m</option> flag to send an email after the job is
completed and a <option>-t</option> option to set the job
title.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.make.1; utility now supports a
<option>-p</option> flag to print the input graph only,
without executing any commands. The output is the same as
<option>-d g1</option>. When combined with <option>-f
/dev/null</option>, only the built-in rules of make are
displayed.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.make.1; utility now supports a
<option>-Q</option> flag to cause file banners not to be
generated in addition to the same effect of a
<option>-q</option> flag when a <option>-j</option> option is
specified.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.make.1; utility now supports the
<varname>.MAKE.JOB.PREFIX</varname> variable. If
<option>-j</option> and <option>-v</option> are specified, its
output for each target is prefixed with a token <literal>---
<replaceable>target</replaceable> ---</literal> the first part
of which can be controlled via the variable.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.make.1; utility now supports
<varname>.MAKE.PID</varname> and <varname>.MAKE.PPID</varname>
variable. These are set to process ID of the &man.make.1;
process and its parent process respectively.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.makefs.8; utility to create a file system image
from a directory tree has been added.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.mergemaster.8; utility now supports an
<option>-F</option> option to automatically install files that
differ only in their version control ID strings.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.mount.8; utility now supports an <option>-o
mountprog=<replaceable>/somewhere/mount_xxx</replaceable></option>
option to force it to use the specified program to mount the
file system instead of calling &man.nmount.2; directly. This
is useful when you want to use third party programs such as
FUSE, for example.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.netstat.1; utility now reports &man.unix.4;
sockets' listen queue statistics when an <option>-L</option>
flag is specified.</para>
<para role="7.2">A bug in the &man.netstat.1; utility has been fixed. It
crashed with the following options in the previous
versions:</para>
<screen role="7.2">&prompt.user; netstat -m -N foo</screen>
<para role="7.2">A bug in the &man.netstat.1; utility has been fixed. The
<option>-ss</option> option now works in the icmp6 section as
expected.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.pciconf.8; utility now supports a
<option>-b</option> flag, which lists any base address
registers (BAR) that are assigned resources for each
device.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.powerd.8; program has been improved. Changes
include reasonable CPU load estimation on SMP systems and a
new mode named as <literal>hiadaptive</literal> for AC-powered
systems. The <literal>hiadaptive</literal> mode raises the
CPU frequency twice as fast as <literal>adaptive</literal>, it
drops the CPU frequency 4 times slower, prefers twice lower
CPU load and has an additional delay before leaving the
highest frequency after the period of maximum load.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.revoke.1; utility has been added. This
is a wrapper of &man.revoke.2; syscall.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.stat.1; utility now displays an octal
representation of suid, sgid and sticky bits when the
<option>-x</option> flag is specified.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.strndup.3; function has been added.</para>
<para role="8.0">The &man.tftpd.8; program now supports
a <option>-W</option> option. This is almost the same as
a <option>-w</option> option but will generate unique named
based on the submitted filename, a &man.strftime.3; format
string, and a two digit sequence number. The time format
string can be set by an <option>-F</option> option.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &man.wc.1; utility now supports an <option>-L</option>
flag to output the number of characters in the longest input
line.</para>
<para role="7.2">A bug in the &man.rpc.yppasswdd.8; program, which causes
it to leave a zombie process when a password or default shell
is changed, has been fixed.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.adduser.8; utility now supports
a <option>-M</option> option to set the mode of a new user's
home directory.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.atacontrol.8; utility now supports
a <command>spindown</command> command to set or report timeout
after which the device will be spun down.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.chflags.1; now supports a <option>-v</option> flag for
verbose output, a <option>-f</option> flag to ignore errors,
and <option>-h</option> to allow setting flags on symbolic links
with the same semantics as (for example) &man.chmod.1;.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.cp.1; now supports a <option>-a</option> flag, which is
equivalent to <option>-RpP</option> flags.</para>
<para role="7.1">A bug in the &man.cp.1; utility which prevents POSIX.1e ACL (see
also &man.acl.3;) from copying properly has been fixed.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.cron.8; utility now supports <option>-m</option> flag which
overrides the default mail recipient for cron mails unless explicitly
provided by <literal>MAILTO=</literal> line in <filename>crontab</filename>
file.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.dhclient.8; now supports more options described in
&man.dhcp-options.5;.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.dhclient.8; now
supports <function>is_default_interface()</function> function
which determines if this interface is one with the default
route.</para>
<para role="7.1">A bug in the &man.dhclient.8; that prevents removal of the
default route from working has been fixed.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.environ.7;, environment array of strings now
supports unsetting a variable by setting the first character to
NULL. This is required by third-party software such as
<application>Dovecot</application>
and <application>Postfix</application>.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.fdisk.8; now supports a <option>-q</option> flag to
not display any warnings.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.fetch.1; program and <filename>libfetch</filename>
library now supports a <varname>NO_PROXY</varname> environment
variable. This specifies comma- or whitespace-separated list of
host names for which proxies should not be used. If a single
asterisk is specified, the use of proxies is disabled.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.ffsll.3; and &man.flsll.3; functions have been added.
These functions are the same as &man.ffs.3; and &man.fls.3; except that
they accept long long as the arguments.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.fortune.6; program now supports
<varname>FORTUNE_PATH</varname> environment variable to specify
search path of the fortune files.</para>
<para role="7.1">A bug in the &man.fortune.6; program that prevents
<option>-e</option> option with multiple files from working has
been fixed.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.freebsd-update.conf.5; now supports
<literal>IDSIgnorePaths</literal> statement.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.fwcontrol.8; utility now supports <option>-f
<replaceable>node</replaceable></option> option which specifies
<replaceable>node</replaceable> as the root node on the next bus
reset.</para>
<para role="7.1" arch="sparc64"> The &man.gcc.1; now
accepts <option>-mcpu</option> option properly; it was hardcoded
as <option>-mcpu=ultrasparc</option>.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.ifconfig.8; command now supports
display of WPS IE (Wireless Provisioning Services Information
Element).</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.kgdb.1; command now supports
an <command>add-kld <replaceable>kld</replaceable></command>
command to locate a &man.kld.4; and load its symbols.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.kgdb.1; command now has a shared library backend for kernel
files that treats &man.kld.4; as shared libraries and
auto-loading symbols for &man.kld.4; on startup.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.kgdb.1; now supports a <command>tid</command> command
and other kernel module related commands even for a remote
target.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.kvm.getcptime.3; function to obtain the global CPU
time statistics from the kernel has been added.</para>
<para role="7.1">The <filename>libalias</filename> library now supports
<literal>PORT</literal> and
<literal>EPRT</literal>
FTP commands in lowercase.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.man.1; now includes a limited support of
&man.bzip2.1;-compressed manual pages.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.mdconfig.8; command now supports a
<option>-v</option> (verbose) flag to <option>-l</option>
command. It shows size and backing store of all &man.md.4;
devices at one time.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.memrchr.3; function has been added. This behaves
like &man.memchr.3; except that it locates the last occurrence
of the specified character in the string.</para>
<para role="7.1">The incorrect output grammar of &man.morse.6; program has
been fixed.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.mountd.8; utility now supports <option>-h
<replaceable>bindip</replaceable></option> option which
specifies IP addresses to bind to for TCP and UDP requests.
This option may be specified multiple times. If no
<option>-h</option> option is specified,
<literal>INADDR_ANY</literal> will be used. Note that when
specifying IP addresses with this option, it will
automatically add <literal>127.0.0.1</literal> and if IPv6 is
enabled, <literal>::1</literal> to the list.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.moused.8; utility now supports <option>-L</option>
flag which changes the speed of scrolling and changes
<option>-U</option> option behavior to only affect the scroll
threshold.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.mv.1; command now support POSIX
specification when moving a directory to an existing directory
across devices.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.periodic.8; now supports
<varname>daily_status_mail_rejects_shorten</varname>
configuration variable in &man.periodic.conf.5;. This allows
the rejected mail reports to tally the rejects per blacklist
without providing details about individual sender hosts. The
default configuration keeps the reports in their original
form.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.ping6.8; now uses exit status of
<literal>0</literal> and <literal>2</literal> in the same manner
as &man.ping.8;.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.ping6.8; now supports an <option>-o</option> flag,
which makes &man.ping6.8; exit successfully after receiving one
reply packet.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.ping6.8; now supports <option>-r</option>
and <option>-R</option> flags, which are equivalent to
&man.ping.8;'s <option>-a</option> and <option>-A</option>
flags, respectively.</para>
<para role="7.1">The minimum allowed interval of &man.ping6.8; has been
decreased to 0.000001 from 0.01.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.realpath.1; utility now supports
a <option>-q</option> flag to suppress warnings and
accepts multiple paths on its command line.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.rfcomm.pppd.8; now supports a <option>-D</option>
flag to register DUN (Dial-Up Networking) service in addition to
the LAN (LAN Access Using PPP) service.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.sdpd.8; now supports a <literal>NAP</literal>,
<literal>GN</literal>, and <literal>PANU</literal>
profiles.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.setkey.8; utility now accepts
<literal>esp</literal> as a protocol name
for the <command>spdadd</command> command.</para>
<para role="7.1">A bug in &man.telnetd.8; that caused it to
attempt authentication even when <option>-a off</option>
option is specified has been fixed.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.top.1; and &man.vmstat.8; commands now
support <option>-P</option> flag which displays per-CPU
statistics.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.uuid.enc.le.3;, &man.uuid.dec.le.3;,
&man.uuid.enc.be.3;, and &man.uuid.dec.be.3; functions have been
added. These functions encode/decode a binary representation of
a UUID.</para>
2008-04-20 18:17:33 +00:00
2009-11-26 20:55:44 +00:00
<para role="7.1">The &man.watch.8; utility now supports more than 10
&man.snp.4; devices at a time.</para>
2009-01-09 03:52:12 +00:00
2009-11-26 20:55:44 +00:00
<para role="7.1">The &man.ypserv.8; daemon now supports a
<option>-P</option> option to specify the port number on which
it should listen.</para>
New release notes: KSE removed, cmx(4), uslcom(4), sf(4) update,
re(4) update, vr(4) update, TCP options padding fix, ata(4) spindown,
hptrr(4) 1.2, mmap(2)/ZFS fix, chflags(1) -v/-f, cp(1) -a, find(1)
primaries to match GNU find, split(1) -n, tar(1) -Z, bzip2 1.0.5.
Modified release notes: CVS post-1.11.12 snapshot from 10 March 2008.
2008-03-23 04:12:07 +00:00
2009-11-26 20:55:44 +00:00
<sect3 id="rc-scripts">
<title><filename>/etc/rc.d</filename> Scripts</title>
2008-05-31 13:27:16 +00:00
2009-11-26 20:55:44 +00:00
<para role="7.1">The &man.rc.conf.5; now supports
<varname>dummynet_enable</varname> variable which allow
&man.dummynet.4; kernel module to be loaded when
<varname>firewall_enable</varname> is <literal>YES</literal>.</para>
New release notes: kern.features, superpages, em(4)/igb split, malo(4),
mxge firmware 1.4.29 update, bpf(4) zerocopy, kgdb(1) add-kld, procstat(1),
realpath(1) -q (+MFC), top(1) -P, hostapd 0.5.10, WPA supplicant 0.5.10,
GNOME 2.22 (+MFC).
Modified release notes: Add cpuset(2) manpage reference, make wpi(4)
note reflect reality, tzdata2008b.
MFCs noted: ddb(4) output capture, ddb(4) scripting.
2008-03-31 04:38:58 +00:00
2009-11-26 20:55:44 +00:00
<para role="7.1">The <filename>ntpd</filename> &man.rc.8; script
can work with no configuration file
<filename>/etc/ntp.conf</filename> now.</para>
2008-04-05 18:11:39 +00:00
2009-11-26 20:55:44 +00:00
<para role="7.1">The <filename>ppp</filename> &man.rc.8;
script now supports multiple instances. For more details,
see the description of <varname>ppp_profile</varname>
variable in &man.rc.conf.5;.</para>
2008-04-05 18:11:39 +00:00
2009-11-26 20:55:44 +00:00
<para role="7.1">The <filename>sysctl</filename> &man.rc.8; script now
supports loading <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf.local</filename> in
addition to <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.rc.conf.5; now supports configuration of
interfaces and attached networks for firewall rule set by
<filename>rc.firewall</filename> when
<varname>firewall_type</varname> is <literal>simple</literal> or
<literal>client</literal>. See
<varname>firewall_client_net</varname>,
<varname>firewall_simple_iif</varname>,
<varname>firewall_simple_inet</varname>,
<varname>firewall_simple_oif</varname>, and
<varname>firewall_simple_onet</varname>.</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
2008-05-31 13:27:16 +00:00
2009-11-26 20:55:44 +00:00
<sect2 id="contrib">
<title>Contributed Software</title>
<para role="8.0"><application>ISC BIND</application> has been updated to
version 9.6.1rc1.</para>
New release notes: kern.features, superpages, em(4)/igb split, malo(4),
mxge firmware 1.4.29 update, bpf(4) zerocopy, kgdb(1) add-kld, procstat(1),
realpath(1) -q (+MFC), top(1) -P, hostapd 0.5.10, WPA supplicant 0.5.10,
GNOME 2.22 (+MFC).
Modified release notes: Add cpuset(2) manpage reference, make wpi(4)
note reflect reality, tzdata2008b.
MFCs noted: ddb(4) output capture, ddb(4) scripting.
2008-03-31 04:38:58 +00:00
2009-11-26 20:55:44 +00:00
<para role="8.0">The <application>ACPI-CA</application> has been
updated to 20090521.</para>
New release notes: kern.features, superpages, em(4)/igb split, malo(4),
mxge firmware 1.4.29 update, bpf(4) zerocopy, kgdb(1) add-kld, procstat(1),
realpath(1) -q (+MFC), top(1) -P, hostapd 0.5.10, WPA supplicant 0.5.10,
GNOME 2.22 (+MFC).
Modified release notes: Add cpuset(2) manpage reference, make wpi(4)
note reflect reality, tzdata2008b.
MFCs noted: ddb(4) output capture, ddb(4) scripting.
2008-03-31 04:38:58 +00:00
2009-11-26 20:55:44 +00:00
<para role="8.0">The <application>ee</application> (easy editor) has
been updated to 1.5.0. This version is now licensed under a
2-clause BSD license, instead of the Artistic license.</para>
New release notes: KSE removed, cmx(4), uslcom(4), sf(4) update,
re(4) update, vr(4) update, TCP options padding fix, ata(4) spindown,
hptrr(4) 1.2, mmap(2)/ZFS fix, chflags(1) -v/-f, cp(1) -a, find(1)
primaries to match GNU find, split(1) -n, tar(1) -Z, bzip2 1.0.5.
Modified release notes: CVS post-1.11.12 snapshot from 10 March 2008.
2008-03-23 04:12:07 +00:00
2009-11-26 20:55:44 +00:00
<para role="8.0">The <application>hostapd</application> has been updated to
version 0.6.8 + radius ACL support.</para>
<para role="8.0">The <application>less</application> has been updated to
version v436.</para>
<para role="8.0">The <filename>libarchive</filename> library has
been updated to version 2.7.0.</para>
<para role="8.0">The <filename>libexpat</filename> library has
been updated from version 1.95.5 to version 2.0.1.</para>
<para role="8.0">The <filename>ncurses</filename> library has been updated
to version 5.7-20081102.</para>
<para role="8.0"><application>OpenBSM</application> 1.1 from
Trusted BSD Project has been merged.</para>
<para role="8.0"><application>TCPDUMP</application> has been
updated to 4.0.0.</para>
<para role="8.0">The timezone database has been updated
to the <application>tzdata2009f</application> release.</para>
<para role="8.0"><application>wpa_supplicant</application> has been updated to
version 0.6.8</para>
<para role="8.0">The <application>ZFS</application> file system
has been updated from version 6 to version 13.</para>
<para role="7.1">The <application>am-utils</application> has been updated from
version 6.0.10p1 to version 6.1.5.</para>
<para role="7.1">The <application>awk</application> has been updated from 1 May
2007 release to the 23 October 2007 release.</para>
<para role="7.1">The <application>bzip2</application> has been updated from
version 1.0.4 to version 1.0.5.</para>
<para role="7.1">The <application>CVS</application> has been updated to
version 1.11.22.1.</para>
<para role="7.1"><application>NTP</application> has been updated to version
4.2.4p5.</para>
<para role="7.1"><application>OpenPAM</application> has been updated from the
Figwort release to the Hydrangea release.</para>
<para role="7.1"><application>OpenSSH</application> has been updated from
version 4.5p1 to version 5.1p1.</para>
<para role="7.1">The &man.resolver.3; library has been updated to
one of <application>ISC BIND</application> 9.4.3.</para>
<para role="7.1"><application>sendmail</application> has been updated from
2010-01-31 19:57:28 +00:00
version 8.14.2 to version 8.14.4.</para>
2009-11-26 20:55:44 +00:00
</sect2>
<sect2 id="ports">
<title>Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</title>
<para role="7.2">A bug in the &man.pkg.create.1; utility, which
prevented the <option>-n</option> flag from working has been
fixed.</para>
<para role="7.2">The &os; Ports Collection now supports multiple
&man.make.1; jobs in some supported ports. This is
automatically enabled when a port is marked as
<varname>MAKE_JOBS_SAFE</varname> and improves CPU utilization
at the build stage by passing an option
<option>-j<replaceable>X</replaceable></option> to the top
level <filename>Makefile</filename> from the vendor. The
number <replaceable>X</replaceable> is set to the number of
CPUs by default, and can be set by users via a &man.make.1;
variable <varname>MAKE_JOBS_NUMBER</varname>. For more
details, see <filename>ports/Mk/bsd.port.mk</filename>.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="releng">
<title>Release Engineering and Integration</title>
<para role="8.0">The supported version of
the <application>GNOME</application> desktop environment
(<filename role="package">x11/gnome2</filename>) has been
updated to 2.26.3.</para>
New release notes: KSE removed, cmx(4), uslcom(4), sf(4) update,
re(4) update, vr(4) update, TCP options padding fix, ata(4) spindown,
hptrr(4) 1.2, mmap(2)/ZFS fix, chflags(1) -v/-f, cp(1) -a, find(1)
primaries to match GNU find, split(1) -n, tar(1) -Z, bzip2 1.0.5.
Modified release notes: CVS post-1.11.12 snapshot from 10 March 2008.
2008-03-23 04:12:07 +00:00
2009-11-26 20:55:44 +00:00
<para role="8.0">The supported version of
the <application>KDE</application> desktop environment
(<filename role="package">x11/kde4</filename>) has been
updated to 4.3.1.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
2008-05-31 13:27:16 +00:00
2009-11-26 20:55:44 +00:00
<sect1 id="upgrade">
<title>Upgrading from previous releases of &os;</title>
<para arch="amd64,i386">Upgrades between RELEASE versions (and
snapshots of the various security branches) are supported using
the &man.freebsd-update.8; utility. The binary upgrade
procedure will update unmodified userland utilities, as well as
unmodified GENERIC or SMP kernels distributed as a part of an
official &os; release. The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility
requires that the host being upgraded has Internet
connectivity.</para>
<para>An older form of binary upgrade is supported through the
<command>Upgrade</command> option from the main
&man.sysinstall.8; menu on CDROM distribution media. This type
of binary upgrade may be useful on non-&arch.i386;,
non-&arch.amd64; machines or on systems with no Internet
connectivity.</para>
<para>Source-based upgrades (those based on recompiling the &os;
base system from source code) from previous versions are
supported, according to the instructions in
<filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename>.</para>
<important>
<para>Upgrading &os; should, of course, only be attempted after
backing up <emphasis>all</emphasis> data and configuration
files.</para>
</important>
</sect1>
2006-12-06 18:04:52 +00:00
</article>
