freebsd-dev/lib/libc/stdlib/hcreate.3

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.Dd February 6, 2017
.Dt HCREATE 3
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm hcreate ,
.Nm hcreate_r ,
.Nm hdestroy ,
.Nm hdestroy_r ,
.Nm hsearch ,
.Nm hsearch_r
.Nd manage hash search table
.Sh LIBRARY
.Lb libc
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In search.h
.Ft int
.Fn hcreate "size_t nel"
.Ft int
.Fn hcreate_r "size_t nel" "struct hsearch_data *table"
.Ft void
.Fn hdestroy "void"
.Ft void
.Fn hdestroy_r "struct hsearch_data *table"
.Ft ENTRY *
.Fn hsearch "ENTRY item" "ACTION action"
.Ft int
.Fn hsearch_r "ENTRY item" "ACTION action" "ENTRY ** itemp" "struct hsearch_data *table"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Fn hcreate ,
.Fn hcreate_r ,
.Fn hdestroy ,
.Fn hdestroy_r
.Fn hsearch ,
and
.Fn hsearch_r
functions manage hash search tables.
.Pp
The
.Fn hcreate
function allocates sufficient space for the table, and the application should
ensure it is called before
.Fn hsearch
is used.
The
.Fa nel
argument is an estimate of the maximum
number of entries that the table should contain.
As this implementation resizes the hash table dynamically,
this argument is ignored.
.Pp
The
.Fn hdestroy
function disposes of the search table, and may be followed by another call to
.Fn hcreate .
After the call to
.Fn hdestroy ,
the data can no longer be considered accessible.
The
.Fn hdestroy
function calls
.Xr free 3
for each comparison key in the search table
but not the data item associated with the key.
.Pp
The
.Fn hsearch
function is a hash-table search routine.
It returns a pointer into a hash table
indicating the location at which an entry can be found.
The
.Fa item
argument is a structure of type
.Vt ENTRY
(defined in the
.In search.h
header) that contains two pointers:
.Fa item.key
points to the comparison key (a
.Vt "char *" ) ,
and
.Fa item.data
(a
.Vt "void *" )
points to any other data to be associated with
that key.
The comparison function used by
.Fn hsearch
is
.Xr strcmp 3 .
The
.Fa action
argument is a
member of an enumeration type
.Vt ACTION
indicating the disposition of the entry if it cannot be
found in the table.
.Dv ENTER
indicates that the
.Fa item
should be inserted in the table at an
appropriate point.
.Dv FIND
indicates that no entry should be made.
Unsuccessful resolution is
indicated by the return of a
.Dv NULL
pointer.
.Pp
The comparison key (passed to
.Fn hsearch
as
.Fa item.key )
must be allocated using
.Xr malloc 3
if
.Fa action
is
.Dv ENTER
and
.Fn hdestroy
is called.
.Pp
The
.Fn hcreate_r ,
.Fn hdestroy_r ,
and
.Fn hsearch_r
functions are re-entrant versions of the above functions that can
operate on a table supplied by the user.
The
.Fn hsearch_r
function returns
.Dv 0
if the action is
.Dv ENTER
and the element cannot be created,
.Dv 1
otherwise.
If the element exists or can be created, it will be placed in
.Fa itemp ,
otherwise
.Fa itemp
will be set to
.Dv NULL .
.Sh RETURN VALUES
The
.Fn hcreate
and
.Fn hcreate_r
functions return 0 if the table creation failed and the global variable
.Va errno
is set to indicate the error;
otherwise, a non-zero value is returned.
.Pp
The
.Fn hdestroy
and
.Fn hdestroy_r
functions return no value.
.Pp
The
.Fn hsearch
and
.Fn hsearch_r
functions return a
.Dv NULL
pointer if either the
.Fa action
is
.Dv FIND
and the
.Fa item
could not be found or the
.Fa action
is
.Dv ENTER
and the table is full.
.Sh EXAMPLES
The following example reads in strings followed by two numbers
and stores them in a hash table, discarding duplicates.
It then reads in strings and finds the matching entry in the hash
table and prints it out.
.Bd -literal
#include <stdio.h>
#include <search.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct info {			/* This is the info stored in the table */
	int age, room;		/* other than the key. */
};

#define NUM_EMPL	5000	/* # of elements in search table. */

int
main(void)
{
	char str[BUFSIZ]; /* Space to read string */
	struct info info_space[NUM_EMPL]; /* Space to store employee info. */
	struct info *info_ptr = info_space; /* Next space in info_space. */
	ENTRY item;
	ENTRY *found_item; /* Name to look for in table. */
	char name_to_find[30];
	int i = 0;

	/* Create table; no error checking is performed. */
	(void) hcreate(NUM_EMPL);

	while (scanf("%s%d%d", str, &info_ptr->age,
	    &info_ptr->room) != EOF && i++ < NUM_EMPL) {
		/* Put information in structure, and structure in item. */
		item.key = strdup(str);
		item.data = info_ptr;
		info_ptr++;
		/* Put item into table. */
		(void) hsearch(item, ENTER);
	}

	/* Access table. */
	item.key = name_to_find;
	while (scanf("%s", item.key) != EOF) {
		if ((found_item = hsearch(item, FIND)) != NULL) {
			/* If item is in the table. */
			(void)printf("found %s, age = %d, room = %d\en",
			    found_item->key,
			    ((struct info *)found_item->data)->age,
			    ((struct info *)found_item->data)->room);
		} else
			(void)printf("no such employee %s\en", name_to_find);
	}
	hdestroy();
	return 0;
}
.Ed
.Sh ERRORS
The
.Fn hcreate ,
.Fn hcreate_r ,
.Fn hsearch ,
and
.Fn hsearch_r
functions will fail if:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er ENOMEM
Insufficient memory is available.
.El
.Pp
The
.Fn hsearch
and
.Fn hsearch_r
functions will also fail if the action is
.Dv FIND
and the element is not found:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er ESRCH
The
.Fa item
given is not found.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr bsearch 3 ,
.Xr lsearch 3 ,
.Xr malloc 3 ,
.Xr strcmp 3 ,
.Xr tsearch 3
.Sh STANDARDS
The
.Fn hcreate ,
.Fn hdestroy ,
and
.Fn hsearch
functions conform to
.St -xpg4.2 .
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Fn hcreate ,
.Fn hdestroy ,
and
.Fn hsearch
functions first appeared in
.At V .
The
.Fn hcreate_r ,
.Fn hdestroy_r
and
.Fn hsearch_r
functions are
.Tn GNU
extensions.
.Sh BUGS
The original,
.Pf non- Tn GNU
interface permits the use of only one hash table at a time.