1998-12-03 02:27:35 +00:00
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.\"
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1989, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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1998-12-03 02:41:11 +00:00
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.\" must display the following acknowledgment:
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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1997-03-11 12:20:21 +00:00
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.\" @(#)fsck.8 8.4 (Berkeley) 5/9/95
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1999-08-28 00:22:10 +00:00
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.\"
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2001-04-27 08:36:48 +00:00
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.Dd April 24, 2001
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2001-02-12 17:50:14 +00:00
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.Dt FSCK_FFS 8
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2001-04-27 08:36:48 +00:00
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.Os
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.Sh NAME
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2001-02-12 17:50:14 +00:00
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.Nm fsck_ffs ,
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.Nm fsck_ufs
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.Nd filesystem consistency check and interactive repair
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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2000-11-20 16:52:27 +00:00
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.Nm
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2001-04-24 22:38:08 +00:00
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.Op Fl BFpfny
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.Op Fl b Ar block#
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.Op Fl c Ar level
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.Op Fl m Ar mode
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2001-04-24 22:38:08 +00:00
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.Ar filesystem
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.Ar ...
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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2001-04-24 22:38:08 +00:00
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The specified disk partitions and/or filesystems are checked.
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1998-12-03 02:41:11 +00:00
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In "preen" mode the clean flag of each filesystem's superblock is examined
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and only those filesystems that
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are not marked clean are checked.
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1997-03-11 12:20:21 +00:00
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Filesystems are marked clean when they are unmounted,
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when they have been mounted read-only, or when
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1998-12-03 02:41:11 +00:00
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.Nm
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1997-03-11 12:20:21 +00:00
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runs on them successfully.
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1998-12-03 02:41:11 +00:00
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If the
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.Fl f
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option is specified, the filesystems
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will be checked regardless of the state of their clean flag.
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1994-08-20 16:56:36 +00:00
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.Pp
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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The kernel takes care that only a restricted class of innocuous filesystem
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inconsistencies can happen unless hardware or software failures intervene.
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These are limited to the following:
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1998-12-03 02:27:35 +00:00
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.Pp
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.Bl -item -compact -offset indent
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.It
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Unreferenced inodes
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.It
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Link counts in inodes too large
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.It
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Missing blocks in the free map
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.It
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Blocks in the free map also in files
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.It
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Counts in the super-block wrong
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.El
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.Pp
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|
These are the only inconsistencies that
|
1998-12-03 02:41:11 +00:00
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.Nm
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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with the
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.Fl p
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option will correct; if it encounters other inconsistencies, it exits
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with an abnormal return status and an automatic reboot will then fail.
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|
For each corrected inconsistency one or more lines will be printed
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|
identifying the filesystem on which the correction will take place,
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and the nature of the correction. After successfully correcting a filesystem,
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1998-12-03 02:41:11 +00:00
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.Nm
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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|
will print the number of files on that filesystem,
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the number of used and free blocks,
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and the percentage of fragmentation.
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.Pp
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If sent a
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.Dv QUIT
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signal,
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1998-12-03 02:41:11 +00:00
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.Nm
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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|
will finish the filesystem checks, then exit with an abnormal
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|
return status that causes an automatic reboot to fail.
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|
This is useful when you want to finish the filesystem checks during an
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|
automatic reboot,
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|
but do not want the machine to come up multiuser after the checks complete.
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.Pp
|
2001-01-03 13:53:48 +00:00
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If
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.Nm
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receives a
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.Dv SIGINFO
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(see the
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.Dq status
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argument for
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.Xr stty 1 )
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|
signal, a line will be written to the standard output indicating
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the name of the device currently being checked, the current phase
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number and phase-specific progress information.
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.Pp
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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Without the
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.Fl p
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option,
|
1998-12-03 02:41:11 +00:00
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.Nm
|
2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
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|
audits and interactively repairs inconsistent conditions for filesystems.
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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|
If the filesystem is inconsistent the operator is prompted for concurrence
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before each correction is attempted.
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|
It should be noted that some of the corrective actions which are not
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|
correctable under the
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.Fl p
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option will result in some loss of data.
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|
The amount and severity of data lost may be determined from the diagnostic
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|
output.
|
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|
|
The default action for each consistency correction
|
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|
is to wait for the operator to respond
|
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|
.Li yes
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|
or
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|
.Li no .
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|
If the operator does not have write permission on the filesystem
|
1998-12-03 02:41:11 +00:00
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|
.Nm
|
2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
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|
will default to a
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.Fl n
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action.
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.Pp
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|
The following flags are interpreted by
|
2001-04-27 08:36:48 +00:00
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|
.Nm :
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
2001-04-24 22:38:08 +00:00
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|
.It Fl F
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|
Determine whether the filesystem needs to be cleaned immediately
|
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|
in foreground, or if its cleaning can be deferred to background.
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|
To be eligible for background cleaning it must have been running
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|
with soft updates, not have been marked as needing a foreground check,
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|
and be mounted and writable when the background check is to be done.
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|
If these conditions are met, then
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.Nm
|
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|
exits with a zero exit status.
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|
Otherwise it exits with a non-zero exit status.
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|
If the filesystem is clean,
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|
it will exit with a non-zero exit status so that the clean status
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|
of the filesystem can be verified and reported during the foreground
|
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|
checks.
|
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|
Note that when invoked with the
|
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|
.Fl F
|
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|
flag, no cleanups are done.
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|
The only thing that
|
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|
.Nm
|
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|
does is to determine whether a foreground or background
|
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|
check is needed and exit with an appropriate status code.
|
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.It Fl B
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|
A check is done on the specified and possibly active filesystem.
|
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|
The set of corrections that can be done is limited to those done
|
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|
when running in preen mode (see the
|
|
|
|
.Fl p
|
|
|
|
flag).
|
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|
If unexpected errors are found,
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|
the filesystem is marked as needing a foreground check and
|
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|
.Nm
|
|
|
|
exits without attempting any further cleaning.
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
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|
.It Fl b
|
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|
Use the block specified immediately after the flag as
|
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|
|
the super block for the filesystem. Block 32 is usually
|
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|
|
an alternate super block.
|
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|
.It Fl c
|
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|
Convert the filesystem to the specified level.
|
|
|
|
Note that the level of a filesystem can only be raised.
|
1997-03-11 12:20:21 +00:00
|
|
|
There are currently four levels defined:
|
2001-04-16 15:12:58 +00:00
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.It 0
|
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|
The filesystem is in the old (static table) format.
|
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|
.It 1
|
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|
|
The filesystem is in the new (dynamic table) format.
|
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|
|
.It 2
|
|
|
|
The filesystem supports 32-bit uid's and gid's,
|
2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
|
|
|
short symbolic links are stored in the inode,
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
and directories have an added field showing the file type.
|
1997-03-11 12:20:21 +00:00
|
|
|
.It 3
|
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|
|
If maxcontig is greater than one,
|
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|
|
build the free segment maps to aid in finding contiguous sets of blocks.
|
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|
|
If maxcontig is equal to one, delete any existing segment maps.
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
In interactive mode,
|
1998-12-03 02:41:11 +00:00
|
|
|
.Nm
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
will list the conversion to be made
|
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|
|
and ask whether the conversion should be done.
|
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|
|
If a negative answer is given,
|
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|
no further operations are done on the filesystem.
|
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|
|
In preen mode,
|
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|
|
the conversion is listed and done if
|
|
|
|
possible without user interaction.
|
|
|
|
Conversion in preen mode is best used when all the filesystems
|
|
|
|
are being converted at once.
|
|
|
|
The format of a filesystem can be determined from the
|
2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
|
|
|
first line of output from
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr dumpfs 8 .
|
1998-12-03 02:27:35 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Fl f
|
|
|
|
Force
|
2000-11-20 16:52:27 +00:00
|
|
|
.Nm
|
1998-12-03 02:27:35 +00:00
|
|
|
to check
|
|
|
|
.Sq clean
|
|
|
|
filesystems when preening.
|
|
|
|
.It Fl m
|
|
|
|
Use the mode specified in octal immediately after the flag as the
|
|
|
|
permission bits to use when creating the
|
|
|
|
.Pa lost+found
|
|
|
|
directory rather than the default 1777.
|
|
|
|
In particular, systems that do not wish to have lost files accessible
|
|
|
|
by all users on the system should use a more restrictive
|
|
|
|
set of permissions such as 700.
|
|
|
|
.It Fl n
|
2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
|
|
|
Assume a no response to all questions asked by
|
1998-12-03 02:41:11 +00:00
|
|
|
.Nm
|
1998-12-03 02:27:35 +00:00
|
|
|
except for
|
|
|
|
.Ql CONTINUE? ,
|
|
|
|
which is assumed to be affirmative;
|
|
|
|
do not open the filesystem for writing.
|
|
|
|
.It Fl p
|
|
|
|
Preen filesystems (see above).
|
|
|
|
.It Fl y
|
2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
|
|
|
Assume a yes response to all questions asked by
|
2000-11-20 16:52:27 +00:00
|
|
|
.Nm ;
|
1998-12-03 02:27:35 +00:00
|
|
|
this should be used with great caution as this is a free license
|
|
|
|
to continue after essentially unlimited trouble has been encountered.
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
Inconsistencies checked are as follows:
|
2000-12-18 15:16:24 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
.Bl -enum -compact
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.It
|
|
|
|
Blocks claimed by more than one inode or the free map.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
|
|
Blocks claimed by an inode outside the range of the filesystem.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
|
|
Incorrect link counts.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
|
|
Size checks:
|
2000-12-18 15:16:24 +00:00
|
|
|
.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
|
2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
|
|
|
.It
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
Directory size not a multiple of DIRBLKSIZ.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
|
|
Partially truncated file.
|
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
|
|
Bad inode format.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
|
|
Blocks not accounted for anywhere.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
|
|
Directory checks:
|
2000-12-18 15:16:24 +00:00
|
|
|
.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
|
2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
|
|
|
.It
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
File pointing to unallocated inode.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
|
|
Inode number out of range.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
1998-12-03 02:27:35 +00:00
|
|
|
Directories with unallocated blocks (holes).
|
1996-10-08 14:54:53 +00:00
|
|
|
.It
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
Dot or dot-dot not the first two entries of a directory
|
|
|
|
or having the wrong inode number.
|
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
|
|
Super Block checks:
|
2000-12-18 15:16:24 +00:00
|
|
|
.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
|
2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
|
|
|
.It
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
More blocks for inodes than there are in the filesystem.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
|
|
Bad free block map format.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
|
|
Total free block and/or free inode count incorrect.
|
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
Orphaned files and directories (allocated but unreferenced) are,
|
|
|
|
with the operator's concurrence, reconnected by
|
2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
|
|
|
placing them in the
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pa lost+found
|
|
|
|
directory.
|
|
|
|
The name assigned is the inode number.
|
|
|
|
If the
|
|
|
|
.Pa lost+found
|
|
|
|
directory does not exist, it is created.
|
|
|
|
If there is insufficient space its size is increased.
|
2001-12-04 02:19:58 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh RETURN VALUES
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
|
|
|
returns the value 0 if successful;
|
|
|
|
otherwise the following values are returned to indicate the error.
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width /etc/fstab -compact
|
|
|
|
.It Pa /etc/fstab
|
|
|
|
contains default list of filesystems to check.
|
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
|
2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
|
|
|
The diagnostics produced by
|
1998-12-03 02:41:11 +00:00
|
|
|
.Nm
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
are fully enumerated and explained in Appendix A of
|
|
|
|
.Rs
|
|
|
|
.%T "Fsck \- The UNIX File System Check Program"
|
|
|
|
.Re
|
|
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
1998-12-03 02:27:35 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr fs 5 ,
|
1998-12-03 02:41:11 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr fstab 5 ,
|
2001-02-12 17:50:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr fsck 8 ,
|
1998-12-03 02:41:11 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr fsdb 8 ,
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr newfs 8 ,
|
|
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.Xr reboot 8
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