2010-09-19 12:54:18 +00:00
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.\"-
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.\" Copyright (c) 2010 Ana Kukec
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd September 19, 2010
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.Dt SEND 4
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm send
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.Nd "Kernel side support for Secure Neighbor Discovery (SeND)"
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.In sys/socket.h
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.In netinet/in.h
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.In netinet6/send.h
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.Ft int
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.Fn socket PF_INET6 SOCK_RAW IPPROTO_SEND
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.Pp
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2012-05-14 16:25:17 +00:00
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To load the driver as a module at boot time, place the following line in
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2010-09-19 12:54:18 +00:00
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.Xr loader.conf 5 :
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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send_load="YES"
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.Ed
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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IPv6 nodes use the Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) to discover other nodes
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on the link, to determine their link-layer addresses to find routers, and
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to maintain reachability information about the paths to active members.
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NDP is vulnerable to various attacks [RFC3756].
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Secure Neighbor Discovery is a set of extensions to NDP that counter threats
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to NDP [RFC3971].
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.Pp
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Kernel side support for SeND consists of a kernel module with hooks that
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divert relevant packets (Neighbor Solicitations, Neighbor Advertisements,
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Router Solicitations, Router Advertisements and Redirects) from the NDP stack,
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send them to user space on a dedicated socket and reinject them back for
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further processing.
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Hooks are triggered only if the
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.Nm
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module is loaded.
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.Pp
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The native SeND socket is similar to a raw IP socket, but with its own,
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internal pseudo-protocol (IPPROTO_SEND).
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Struct sockaddr_send is defined in
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.In netinet6/send.h .
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It defines the total length of the structure, the address family, packet's
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incoming or outgoing direction from the interface's point of view, and the
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interface index.
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.Bd -literal
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struct sockaddr_send {
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unsigned char send_len; /* total length */
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sa_family_t send_family; /* address family */
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int send_direction;
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int send_ifidx;
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char send_zero[8];
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};
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The address family is always
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.Va AF_INET6 .
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The
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.Va send_direction
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variable denotes the direction of the packet from the interface's
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point of view and has either the value
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.Dv SND_IN
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or
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.Dv SND_OUT .
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The
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.Va send_ifidx
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variable is the interface index of the receiving or sending interface.
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The
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.Va send_zero
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variable is padding and must always be zero.
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.Pp
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In case that no user space application is connected to the send socket,
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processing continues normally as if the module was not loaded.
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.Sh INPUT HOOK
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The input hook is named after the input path of the incoming or outgoing
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NDP packets, on the way from the wire, through the nd6 stack, to user
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space.
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Relevant packets are identified by adding an mbuf_tag
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(see
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.Xr mbuf_tags 9 )
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to the
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.Xr mbuf 9 ,
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if the
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.Nm
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module is loaded.
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It is then passed on to the kernel-userland interface
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for either cryptographic protection or validation by the SeND application.
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The hook takes an argument that describes the direction of the packet, both
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in case of incoming and outgoing packets.
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.Dv SND_IN
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is the direction of the incoming packets that are usually protected
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by the SeND options and then sent to user space for cryptographic validation.
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.Dv SND_OUT
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is the outgoing direction.
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It describes both reply and locally
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originated outgoing packets that are sent to user space for the addition
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of SeND options.
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.Sh INCOMING PACKETS
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The incoming ND packet from the wire:
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.Bd -literal
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kernelspace ( userspace
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)
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incoming SeND/ND packet (
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| )
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v ( SND_IN ) (
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icmp6_input() -> send_input_hook ---> send socket ----+
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: ) |
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: # # ( |
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normal : # # ) v
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processing : # send.ko # ( SeND application
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path : # # ) |
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: # # ( |
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v ) |
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icmp6/nd6_??_input() <- protocol switch <--- send socket <---+
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| structure (IPPPROTO_SEND) )
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| ( SND_IN ) (
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v )
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continue normal ND processing (
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.Ed
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.Sh OUTGOING PACKETS
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Outgoing ND packet (reply or locally triggered):
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.Bd -literal
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kernelspace ( userspace
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)
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nd6_na_input() (
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+PACKET_TAG_ND_OUTGOING )
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| )
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| outgoing packet (
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| v (
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| icmp6_redirect_output() )
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| nd6_ns_output() (
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| nd6_na_output() )
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| +PACKET_TAG_ND_OUTGOING (
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| | )
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| +-----------<- rip6_output() <----------)----- rtsol/rtadvd/..
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| | +PACKET_TAG_ND_OUTGOING (
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| v )
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| ip6_output() (
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+-------->-+ (
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v ( SND_OUT ) (
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nd6_output_lle() -> send_input_hook ---> send socket ----+
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-PACKET_TAG_ND_OUTGOING ) |
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: # # ( |
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normal : # # ) v
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processing : # send.ko # ( SeND application
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path : # # ) |
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: # # ( |
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v ) |
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(*ifp->if_output)() <- protocol switch <--- send socket <---+
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| structure (IPPPROTO_SEND) )
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| ( SND_OUT ) (
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v )
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continue with normal packet output (
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.Ed
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.Sh ERRORS
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A socket operation may fail with one of the following errors returned:
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.Bl -tag -width Er
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.It Bq Er EEXIST
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Another user space SeND application is bound to the socket.
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.It Bq Er ENOBUFS
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Shortage of space to receive the incoming (SeND-protected) or outgoing
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(SeND-validated) packet from the SeND application.
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.It Bq Er ENOSYS
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A packet received from user space and passed to the NDP stack for further
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processing is neither Neighbor Solicitation, Neighbor Advertisement,
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Router Solicitation, Router Advertisement nor Redirect.
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.It Bq Er ENOENT
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Occurs if interface output routines fail to send the packet out of the
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interface.
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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2014-12-21 09:53:29 +00:00
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.Xr recvfrom 2 ,
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.Xr sendto 2 ,
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.Xr socket 2 ,
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2010-09-19 12:54:18 +00:00
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.Xr loader.conf 5
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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module first appeared in
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.Fx 9.0 .
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.Sh AUTHORS
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2014-06-26 21:46:14 +00:00
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.An Ana Kukec Aq Mt anchie@FreeBSD.org ,
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2010-09-19 12:54:18 +00:00
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University of Zagreb
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.Sh BUGS
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Due to the lack of NDP locking, it is currently not possible to unload the
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.Nm
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module.
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