freebsd-dev/usr.sbin/syslogd/syslogd.8

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.\"     @(#)syslogd.8	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
.\"	$Id: syslogd.8,v 1.16 1998/07/22 06:15:18 phk Exp $
.\"
.Dd October 12, 1995
.Dt SYSLOGD 8
.Os BSD 4.2
.Sh NAME
.Nm syslogd
.Nd log systems messages
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Fl dsuv
.Op Fl a Ar allowed_peer
.Op Fl f Ar config_file
.Op Fl m Ar mark_interval
.Op Fl p Ar log_socket
.Op Fl l Ar path
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
daemon reads and logs messages to the system console, log files, other
machines and/or users as specified by its configuration file.
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl a Ar allowed_peer
Allow
.Ar allowed_peer
to log to this
.Nm
using UDP datagrams.  Multiple
.Fl a
options may be specified.
.Pp
.Ar Allowed_peer
can be any of the following:
.Bl -tag -width "ipaddr/masklen[:service]XX"
.It Ar ipaddr/masklen Ns Op Ar :service
Accept datagrams from
.Ar ipaddr
(in the usual dotted quad notation) with
.Ar masklen
bits being taken into account when doing the address comparision.  If
specified,
.Ar service
is the name or number of an UDP service (see
.Xr services 5 ) Ns
the source packet must belong to.  A
.Ar service
of
.Ql \&*
allows packets being sent from any UDP port.  The default
.Ar service
is
.Ql syslog .
A missing
.Ar masklen
will be substituted by the historic class A or class B netmasks if
.Ar ipaddr
belongs into the address range of class A or B, respectively, or
by 24 otherwise.
.It Ar domainname Ns Op Ar :service
Accept datagrams where the reverse address lookup yields
.Ar domainname
for the sender address.  The meaning of
.Ar service
is as explained above.
.It Ar *domainname Ns Op Ar :service
Same as before, except that any source host whose name
.Em ends
in
.Ar domainname
will get permission.
.El
.It Fl d
Put
.Nm
into debugging mode.  This is probably only of use to developers working on
.Nm Ns .
.It Fl f
Specify the pathname of an alternate configuration file;
the default is
.Pa /etc/syslog.conf .
.It Fl m
Select the number of minutes between
.Dq mark
messages; the default is 20 minutes.
.It Fl p
Specify the pathname of an alternate log socket to be used instead;
the default is
.Pa /var/run/log .
.It Fl l
Specify a location where
.Nm syslogd
should place an additional log socket.
Up to 19 additional logging sockets can be specified.
The primary use for this is to place additional log sockets in
.Pa /dev/log
of various chroot filespaces.
.It Fl s
Operate in secure mode.  Do not log messages from remote machines.  If
specified once, the messages will be received and counted and a log
entry produced every time the count exceeds a power of two.  If
specified twice, no network socket will be opened at all.
.It Fl u
Unique priority logging.  Only log messages at the specified priority.
Without this option, messages at the stated priority or higher are logged.
This option changes the default comparison from
.Dq =>
to
.Dq = .
.It Fl v
Verbose logging.  If specified once, the numeric facility and priority are
logged with each locally-written message.  If specified more than once,
the names of the facility and priority are logged with each locally-written
message.
.El
.Pp
The
.Nm
daemon reads its configuration file when it starts up and whenever it
receives a hangup signal.
For information on the format of the configuration file,
see
.Xr syslog.conf 5 .
.Pp
The
.Nm
daemon reads messages from the
.Tn UNIX
domain socket
.Pa /var/run/log ,
from an Internet domain socket specified in
.Pa /etc/services ,
and from the special device
.Pa /dev/klog
(to read kernel messages).
.Pp
The
.Nm
daemon creates the file
.Pa /var/run/syslog.pid ,
and stores its process
id there.
This can be used to kill or reconfigure
.Nm Ns .
.Pp
The message sent to
.Nm
should consist of a single line.
The message can contain a priority code, which should be a preceding
decimal number in angle braces, for example,
.Sq Aq 5.
This priority code should map into the priorities defined in the
include file
.Aq Pa sys/syslog.h .
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width /var/run/syslog.pid -compact
.It Pa /etc/syslog.conf
configuration file
.It Pa /var/run/syslog.pid
process id of current
.Nm
.It Pa /var/run/log
name of the
.Tn UNIX
domain datagram log socket
.It Pa /dev/klog
kernel log device
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr logger 1 ,
.Xr syslog 3 ,
.Xr services 5 ,
.Xr syslog.conf 5
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
.Bx 4.3 .
.Pp
The
.Fl a ,
.Fl s ,
.Fl u ,
and
.Fl v
options are
.Fx 2.2
extensions.
.Sh BUGS
The ability to log messages received in UDP packets is equivalent to
an unauthenticated remote disk-filling service, and should probably be
disabled by default.  Some sort of
.No inter- Ns Nm syslogd
authentication mechanism ought to be worked out.  To prevent the worst
abuse, use of the
.Fl a
option is therefore highly recommended.
.Pp
The
.Fl a
matching algorithm doesn't pretend to be very efficient; use of numeric
IP addresses is faster than domain name comparision.  Since the allowed
peer list is being walked linearly, peer groups where frequent messages
are being anticipated from should be put early into the
.Fl a
list.
.Pp
The log socket was moved from
.Pa /dev
to ease the use of a read-only root filesystem. This may confuse
some old binaries so that a symbolic link might be used for a
transitional period.