freebsd-dev/usr.sbin/rtadvd/rtadvd.8

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.Dd July 14, 2011
.Dt RTADVD 8
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm rtadvd
.Nd router advertisement daemon
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Fl dDfRs
.Op Fl c Ar configfile
.Op Fl M Ar ifname
.Op Fl p Ar pidfile
.Ar interface ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
sends router advertisement packets to the specified
.Ar interfaces .
.Pp
The program will daemonize itself on invocation.
It will then send router advertisement packets periodically, as well
as in response to router solicitation messages sent by end hosts.
.Pp
Router advertisements can be configured on a per-interface basis, as
described in
.Xr rtadvd.conf 5 .
.Pp
If there is no configuration file entry for an interface,
or if the configuration file does not exist altogether,
.Nm
sets all the parameters to their default values.
In particular,
.Nm
reads all the interface routes from the routing table and advertises
them as on-link prefixes.
.Pp
.Nm
also watches the routing table.
If an interface direct route is
added on an advertising interface and no static prefixes are
specified by the configuration file,
.Nm
adds the corresponding prefix to its advertising list.
.Pp
Similarly, when an interface direct route is deleted,
.Nm
will start advertising the prefixes with zero valid and preferred
lifetimes to help the receiving hosts switch to a new prefix when
renumbering.
Note, however, that the zero valid lifetime cannot invalidate the
autoconfigured addresses at a receiving host immediately.
According to the specification, the host will retain the address
for a certain period, which will typically be two hours.
The zero lifetimes rather intend to make the address deprecated,
indicating that a new non-deprecated address should be used as the
source address of a new connection.
This behavior will last for two hours.
Then
.Nm
will completely remove the prefix from the advertising list,
and succeeding advertisements will not contain the prefix information.
.Pp
Moreover, if the status of an advertising interface changes,
.Nm
will start or stop sending router advertisements according
to the latest status.
.Pp
The
.Fl s
option may be used to disable this behavior;
.Nm
will not watch the routing table and the whole functionality described
above will be suppressed.
.Pp
Basically, hosts MUST NOT send Router Advertisement messages at any
time (RFC 4861, Section 6.2.3).
However, it would sometimes be useful to allow hosts to advertise some
parameters such as prefix information and link MTU.
Thus,
.Nm
can be invoked if router lifetime is explicitly set zero on every
advertising interface.
.Pp
The command line options are:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.\"
.It Fl c
Specify an alternate location,
.Ar configfile ,
for the configuration file.
By default,
.Pa /etc/rtadvd.conf
is used.
.It Fl d
Print debugging information.
.It Fl D
Even more debugging information is printed.
.It Fl f
Foreground mode (useful when debugging).
Log messages will be dumped to stderr when this option is specified.
.It Fl M
Specify an interface to join the all-routers site-local multicast group.
By default,
.Nm
tries to join the first advertising interface appearing on the command
line.
This option has meaning only with the
.Fl R
option, which enables routing renumbering protocol support.
.It Fl p
Specify an alternative file in which to store the process ID.
The default is
.Pa /var/run/rtadvd.pid.
.It Fl R
Accept router renumbering requests.
If you enable it, certain IPsec setup is suggested for security reasons.
This option is currently disabled, and is ignored by
.Nm
with a warning message.
.It Fl s
Do not add or delete prefixes dynamically.
Only statically configured prefixes, if any, will be advertised.
.El
.Pp
Use
.Dv SIGHUP
to reload the configuration file
.Pa /etc/rtadvd.conf .
If an invalid parameter is found in the configuration file upon the reload,
the entry will be ignored and the old configuration will be used.
When parameters in an existing entry are updated, 
.Nm
will send Router Advertisement messages with the old configuration but
zero router lifetime to the interface first, and then start to send a new
message.
.Pp
Use
.Dv SIGTERM
to kill
.Nm
gracefully.
In this case,
.Nm
will transmit router advertisement with router lifetime 0
to all the interfaces
.Pq in accordance with RFC 4861 6.2.5 .
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width Pa -compact
.It Pa /etc/rtadvd.conf
The default configuration file.
.It Pa /var/run/rtadvd.pid
The default process ID file.
.El
.Sh EXIT STATUS
.Ex -std
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr rtadvd.conf 5 ,
.Xr rtsol 8
.Rs
.%A Thomas Narten
.%A Erik Nordmark
.%A W. A. Simpson
.%A Hesham Soliman
.%T Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6)
.%R RFC 4861
.Re
.Rs
.%A Thomas Narten
.%A Erik Nordmark
.%A W. A. Simpson
.%T Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6)
.%R RFC 2461 (obsoleted by RFC 4861)
.Re
.Rs
.%A Richard Draves
.%T Default Router Preferences and More-Specific Routes
.%R draft-ietf-ipngwg-router-selection-xx.txt
.Re
.Rs
.%A J. Jeong
.%A S. Park
.%A L. Beloeil
.%A S. Madanapalli
.%T IPv6 Router Advertisement Options for DNS Configuration
.%R RFC 6106
.Re
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in the WIDE Hydrangea IPv6 protocol stack kit.
.Sh BUGS
There used to be some text that recommended users not to let
.Nm
advertise Router Advertisement messages on an upstream link to avoid
undesirable
.Xr icmp6 4
redirect messages.
However, based on the later discussion in the IETF ipng working group,
all routers should rather advertise the messages regardless of
the network topology, in order to ensure reachability.