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.\" $Id: apropos.1,v 1.29 2014/04/24 00:28:19 schwarze Exp $
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.\"
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2014-11-22 18:08:25 +00:00
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.\" Copyright (c) 2011, 2012 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>
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.\" Copyright (c) 2011, 2012, 2014 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
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.\"
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.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
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.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
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.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
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.\"
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.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
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.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
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.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
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.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
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.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
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.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
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.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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.\"
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.Dd $Mdocdate: April 24 2014 $
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2012-10-18 09:55:16 +00:00
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.Dt APROPOS 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm apropos ,
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.Nm whatis
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.Nd search manual page databases
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl C Ar file
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.Op Fl M Ar path
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.Op Fl m Ar path
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.Op Fl O Ar outkey
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.Op Fl S Ar arch
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.Op Fl s Ar section
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.Ar expression ...
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm apropos
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and
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.Nm whatis
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utilities query manual page databases generated by
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.Xr makewhatis 8 ,
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evaluating
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.Ar expression
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for each file in each database.
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By default, it displays the names, section numbers, and description lines
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of all matching manuals.
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.Pp
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By default,
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.Nm
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searches for
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.Xr makewhatis 8
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databases in the default paths stipulated by
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.Xr man 1
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and uses case-insensitive substring matching
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.Pq the Cm = No operator
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over manual names and descriptions
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.Pq the Li \&Nm No and Li \&Nd No macro keys .
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Multiple terms imply pairwise
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.Fl o .
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.Nm whatis
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maps terms only to case-sensitive manual names.
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.Pp
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Its arguments are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Fl C Ar file
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Specify an alternative configuration
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.Ar file
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in
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.Xr man.conf 5
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format.
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.It Fl M Ar path
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Use the colon-separated path instead of the default list of paths
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searched for
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.Xr makewhatis 8
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databases.
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Invalid paths, or paths without manual databases, are ignored.
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.It Fl m Ar path
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Prepend the colon-separated paths to the list of paths searched
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for
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.Xr makewhatis 8
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databases.
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Invalid paths, or paths without manual databases, are ignored.
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.It Fl O Ar outkey
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Show the values associated with the key
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.Ar outkey
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instead of the manual descriptions.
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.It Fl S Ar arch
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Restrict the search to pages for the specified
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.Xr machine 1
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architecture.
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.Ar arch
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is case insensitive.
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By default, pages for all architectures are shown.
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.It Fl s Ar section
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Restrict the search to the specified section of the manual.
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By default, pages from all sections are shown.
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See
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.Xr man 1
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for a listing of sections.
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.El
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.Pp
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An
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.Ar expression
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consists of search terms joined by logical operators
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.Fl a
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.Pq and
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and
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.Fl o
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.Pq or .
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The
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.Fl a
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operator has precedence over
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.Fl o
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and both are evaluated left-to-right.
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It \&( Ar expr No \&)
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True if the subexpression
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.Ar expr
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is true.
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.It Ar expr1 Fl a Ar expr2
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True if both
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.Ar expr1
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and
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.Ar expr2
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are true (logical
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.Sq and ) .
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.It Ar expr1 Oo Fl o Oc Ar expr2
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True if
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.Ar expr1
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and/or
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.Ar expr2
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evaluate to true (logical
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.Sq or ) .
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.It Ar term
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True if
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.Ar term
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is satisfied.
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This has syntax
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.Sm off
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.Oo
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.Op Ar key Op , Ar key ...
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.Pq Cm = | ~
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.Oc
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.Ar val ,
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.Sm on
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where
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.Ar key
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2012-10-18 09:55:16 +00:00
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is an
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.Xr mdoc 7
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macro to query and
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.Ar val
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is its value.
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See
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.Sx Macro Keys
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for a list of available keys.
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Operator
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.Cm =
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evaluates a substring, while
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.Cm ~
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evaluates a regular expression.
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.It Fl i Ar term
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If
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.Ar term
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is a regular expression, it
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is evaluated case-insensitively.
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Has no effect on substring terms.
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.El
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.Pp
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2014-11-22 18:08:25 +00:00
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.Nm whatis
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considers an
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.Ar expression
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to consist of an opaque keyword.
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.Pp
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Results are sorted by manual sections and names, with output formatted as
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.Pp
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.D1 name[, name...](sec) \- description
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.Pp
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Where
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.Dq name
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is the manual's name,
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.Dq sec
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is the manual section, and
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.Dq description
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is the manual's short description.
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If an architecture is specified for the manual, it is displayed as
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.Pp
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.D1 name(sec/arch) \- description
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2012-10-18 09:55:16 +00:00
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.Pp
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2014-01-31 19:59:03 +00:00
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Resulting manuals may be accessed as
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.Pp
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.Dl $ man \-s sec name
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.Pp
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If an architecture is specified in the output, use
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.Pp
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.Dl $ man \-s sec \-S arch name
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.Ss Macro Keys
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Queries evaluate over a subset of
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.Xr mdoc 7
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macros indexed by
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.Xr makewhatis 8 .
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2012-10-18 09:55:16 +00:00
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In addition to the macro keys listed below, the special key
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.Cm any
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may be used to match any available macro key.
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.Pp
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Names and description:
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.Bl -column "xLix" description -offset indent -compact
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.It Li \&Nm Ta manual name
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.It Li \&Nd Ta one-line manual description
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.It Li arch Ta machine architecture (case-insensitive)
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.It Li sec Ta manual section number
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.El
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.Pp
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Sections and cross references:
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.Bl -column "xLix" description -offset indent -compact
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.It Li \&Sh Ta section header (excluding standard sections)
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.It Li \&Ss Ta subsection header
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.It Li \&Xr Ta cross reference to another manual page
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.It Li \&Rs Ta bibliographic reference
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.El
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.Pp
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Semantic markup for command line utilities:
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.Bl -column "xLix" description -offset indent -compact
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.It Li \&Fl Ta command line options (flags)
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.It Li \&Cm Ta command modifier
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.It Li \&Ar Ta command argument
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.It Li \&Ic Ta internal or interactive command
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.It Li \&Ev Ta environmental variable
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.It Li \&Pa Ta file system path
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.El
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.Pp
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Semantic markup for function libraries:
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.Bl -column "xLix" description -offset indent -compact
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.It Li \&Lb Ta function library name
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.It Li \&In Ta include file
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.It Li \&Ft Ta function return type
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.It Li \&Fn Ta function name
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.It Li \&Fa Ta function argument type and name
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.It Li \&Vt Ta variable type
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.It Li \&Va Ta variable name
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.It Li \&Dv Ta defined variable or preprocessor constant
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.It Li \&Er Ta error constant
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.It Li \&Ev Ta environmental variable
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.El
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.Pp
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Various semantic markup:
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.Bl -column "xLix" description -offset indent -compact
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.It Li \&An Ta author name
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.It Li \&Lk Ta hyperlink
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.It Li \&Mt Ta Do mailto Dc hyperlink
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.It Li \&Cd Ta kernel configuration declaration
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.It Li \&Ms Ta mathematical symbol
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.It Li \&Tn Ta tradename
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.El
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.Pp
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Physical markup:
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.Bl -column "xLix" description -offset indent -compact
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.It Li \&Em Ta italic font or underline
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.It Li \&Sy Ta boldface font
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.It Li \&Li Ta typewriter font
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.El
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.Pp
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Text production:
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.Bl -column "xLix" description -offset indent -compact
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.It Li \&St Ta reference to a standards document
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.It Li \&At Ta At No version reference
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.It Li \&Bx Ta Bx No version reference
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.It Li \&Bsx Ta Bsx No version reference
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.It Li \&Nx Ta Nx No version reference
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.It Li \&Fx Ta Fx No version reference
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.It Li \&Ox Ta Ox No version reference
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.It Li \&Dx Ta Dx No version reference
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.El
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.Sh ENVIRONMENT
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.Bl -tag -width MANPATH
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.It Ev MANPATH
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The standard search path used by
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.Xr man 1
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may be changed by specifying a path in the
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.Ev MANPATH
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environment variable.
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2012-10-18 09:55:16 +00:00
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Invalid paths, or paths without manual databases, are ignored.
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Overridden by
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.Fl M .
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If
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.Ev MANPATH
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begins with a colon, it is appended to the default list;
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if it ends with a colon, it is prepended to the default list;
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or if it contains two adjacent colons,
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the standard search path is inserted between the colons.
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If none of these conditions are met, it overrides the
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standard search path.
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2012-10-18 09:55:16 +00:00
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.El
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width "/etc/man.conf" -compact
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.It Pa mandoc.db
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name of the
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.Xr makewhatis 8
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2012-10-18 09:55:16 +00:00
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keyword database
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.It Pa /etc/man.conf
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default
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.Xr man 1
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configuration file
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.El
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.Sh EXIT STATUS
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.Ex -std
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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Search for
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.Qq .cf
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as a substring of manual names and descriptions:
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.Pp
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2014-11-22 18:08:25 +00:00
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.Dl $ apropos .cf
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2012-10-18 09:55:16 +00:00
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.Pp
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Include matches for
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.Qq .cnf
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and
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.Qq .conf
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as well:
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.Pp
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2014-11-22 18:08:25 +00:00
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.Dl $ apropos .cf .cnf .conf
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2012-10-18 09:55:16 +00:00
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.Pp
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2014-11-22 18:08:25 +00:00
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Search in names and descriptions using a regular expression:
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.Pp
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.Dl $ apropos '~set.?[ug]id'
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.Pp
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Search for manuals in the library section mentioning both the
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2012-10-18 09:55:16 +00:00
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.Qq optind
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2014-11-22 18:08:25 +00:00
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and the
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2012-10-18 09:55:16 +00:00
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.Qq optarg
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2014-11-22 18:08:25 +00:00
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variables:
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2012-10-18 09:55:16 +00:00
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.Pp
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2014-11-22 18:08:25 +00:00
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.Dl $ apropos \-s 3 Va=optind \-a Va=optarg
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.Pp
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Do exactly the same as calling
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.Xr whatis 1
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with the argument
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.Qq ssh :
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.Pp
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.Dl $ apropos \-\- \-i 'Nm~[[:<:]]ssh[[:>:]]'
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.Pp
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The following two invocations are equivalent:
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.Pp
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.D1 Li $ apropos -S Ar arch Li -s Ar section expression
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.Bd -ragged -offset indent
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.Li $ apropos \e( Ar expression Li \e)
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.Li -a arch~^( Ns Ar arch Ns Li |any)$
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.Li -a sec~^ Ns Ar section Ns Li $
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.Ed
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2012-10-18 09:55:16 +00:00
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.Sh SEE ALSO
|
2014-01-31 19:59:03 +00:00
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.Xr man 1 ,
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2012-10-18 09:55:16 +00:00
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.Xr re_format 7 ,
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2014-11-22 18:08:25 +00:00
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.Xr makewhatis 8
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.Sh HISTORY
|
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|
An
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.Nm
|
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|
utility first appeared in
|
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.Bx 2 .
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|
It was rewritten from scratch for
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|
.Ox 5.6 .
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.Pp
|
2012-10-18 09:55:16 +00:00
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The
|
2014-11-22 18:08:25 +00:00
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|
.Fl M
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|
option and the
|
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|
.Ev MANPATH
|
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|
variable first appeared in
|
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|
.Bx 4.3 ;
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.Fl m
|
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in
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.Bx 4.3 Reno ;
|
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|
.Fl C
|
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|
|
in
|
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|
.Bx 4.4 Lite1 ;
|
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|
and
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|
.Fl S
|
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|
and
|
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|
.Fl s
|
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|
in
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|
.Ox 4.5 .
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|
.Sh AUTHORS
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|
.An -nosplit
|
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|
|
.An Bill Joy
|
|
|
|
wrote the original
|
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|
|
.Bx
|
2012-10-18 09:55:16 +00:00
|
|
|
.Nm
|
2014-11-22 18:08:25 +00:00
|
|
|
in February 1979.
|
|
|
|
The current version was written by
|
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|
|
.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq Mt kristaps@bsd.lv
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.An Ingo Schwarze Aq Mt schwarze@openbsd.org .
|