325 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
325 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
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.\" NOTE: changes to the manual page for "top" should be made in the
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.\" file "top.X" and NOT in the file "top.1".
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.nr N %topn%
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.nr D %delay%
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.TH TOP 1 Local
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.UC 4
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.SH NAME
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top \- display and update information about the top cpu processes
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B top
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[
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.B \-SbiInqu
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] [
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.BI \-d count
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] [
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.BI \-s time
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] [
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.BI \-o field
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] [
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.BI \-U username
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] [
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.I number
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]
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.\" This defines appropriate quote strings for nroff and troff
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.ds lq \&"
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.ds rq \&"
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.if t .ds lq ``
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.if t .ds rq ''
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.\" Just in case these number registers aren't set yet...
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.if \nN==0 .nr N 10
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.if \nD==0 .nr D 5
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.I Top
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displays the top
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.if !\nN==-1 \nN
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processes on the system and periodically updates this information.
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.if \nN==-1 \
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\{\
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If standard output is an intelligent terminal (see below) then
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as many processes as will fit on the terminal screen are displayed
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by default. Otherwise, a good number of them are shown (around 20).
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.\}
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Raw cpu percentage is used to rank the processes. If
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.I number
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is given, then the top
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.I number
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processes will be displayed instead of the default.
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.PP
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.I Top
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makes a distinction between terminals that support advanced capabilities
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and those that do not. This
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distinction affects the choice of defaults for certain options. In the
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remainder of this document, an \*(lqintelligent\*(rq terminal is one that
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supports cursor addressing, clear screen, and clear to end of line.
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Conversely, a \*(lqdumb\*(rq terminal is one that does not support such
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features. If the output of
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.I top
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is redirected to a file, it acts as if it were being run on a dumb
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terminal.
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.SH OPTIONS
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.TP
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.B \-S
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Show system processes in the display. Normally, system processes such as
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the pager and the swapper are not shown. This option makes them visible.
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.TP
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.B \-b
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Use \*(lqbatch\*(rq mode. In this mode, all input from the terminal is
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ignored. Interrupt characters (such as ^C and ^\e) still have an effect.
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This is the default on a dumb terminal, or when the output is not a terminal.
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.TP
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.B \-i
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Use \*(lqinteractive\*(rq mode. In this mode, any input is immediately
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read for processing. See the section on \*(lqInteractive Mode\*(rq
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for an explanation of
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which keys perform what functions. After the command is processed, the
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screen will immediately be updated, even if the command was not
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understood. This mode is the default when standard output is an
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intelligent terminal.
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.TP
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.B \-I
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Do not display idle processes.
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By default, top displays both active and idle processes.
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.TP
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.B \-n
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Use \*(lqnon-interactive\*(rq mode. This is indentical to \*(lqbatch\*(rq
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mode.
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.TP
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.B \-q
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Renice
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.I top
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to -20 so that it will run faster. This can be used when the system is
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being very sluggish to improve the possibility of discovering the problem.
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This option can only be used by root.
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.TP
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.B \-u
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Do not take the time to map uid numbers to usernames. Normally,
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.I top
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will read as much of the file \*(lq/etc/passwd\*(rq as is necessary to map
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all the user id numbers it encounters into login names. This option
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disables all that, while possibly decreasing execution time. The uid
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numbers are displayed instead of the names.
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.TP
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.BI \-d count
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Show only
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.I count
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displays, then exit. A display is considered to be one update of the
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screen. This option allows the user to select the number of displays he
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wants to see before
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.I top
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automatically exits. For intelligent terminals, no upper limit
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is set. The default is 1 for dumb terminals.
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.TP
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.BI \-s time
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Set the delay between screen updates to
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.I time
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seconds. The default delay between updates is \nD seconds.
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.TP
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.BI \-o field
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Sort the process display area on the specified field. The field name is
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the name of the column as seen in the output, but in lower case. Likely
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values are \*(lqcpu\*(rq, \*(lqsize\*(rq, \*(lqres\*(rq, and \*(lqtime\*(rq,
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but may vary on different operating systems. Note that
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not all operating systems support this option.
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.TP
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.BI \-U username
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Show only those processes owned by
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.IR username .
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This option currently only accepts usernames and will not understand
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uid numbers.
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.PP
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Both
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.I count
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and
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.I number
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fields can be specified as \*(lqinfinite\*(rq, indicating that they can
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stretch as far as possible. This is accomplished by using any proper
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prefix of the keywords
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\*(lqinfinity\*(rq,
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\*(lqmaximum\*(rq,
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or
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\*(lqall\*(rq.
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The default for
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.I count
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on an intelligent terminal is, in fact,
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.BI infinity .
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.PP
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The environment variable
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.B TOP
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is examined for options before the command line is scanned. This enables
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a user to set his or her own defaults. The number of processes to display
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can also be specified in the environment variable
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.BR TOP .
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The options
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.BR \-I ,
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.BR \-S ,
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and
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.B \-u
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are actually toggles. A second specification of any of these options
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will negate the first. Thus a user who has the environment variable
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.B TOP
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set to \*(lq\-I\*(rq may use the command \*(lqtop \-I\*(rq to see idle processes.
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.SH "INTERACTIVE MODE"
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When
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.I top
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is running in \*(lqinteractive mode\*(rq, it reads commands from the
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terminal and acts upon them accordingly. In this mode, the terminal is
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put in \*(lqCBREAK\*(rq, so that a character will be
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processed as soon as it is typed. Almost always, a key will be
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pressed when
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.I top
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is between displays; that is, while it is waiting for
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.I time
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seconds to elapse. If this is the case, the command will be
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processed and the display will be updated immediately thereafter
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(reflecting any changes that the command may have specified). This
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happens even if the command was incorrect. If a key is pressed while
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.I top
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is in the middle of updating the display, it will finish the update and
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then process the command. Some commands require additional information,
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and the user will be prompted accordingly. While typing this information
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in, the user's erase and kill keys (as set up by the command
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.IR stty )
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are recognized, and a newline terminates the input.
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.PP
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These commands are currently recognized (^L refers to control-L):
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.TP
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.B ^L
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Redraw the screen.
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.IP "\fBh\fP\ or\ \fB?\fP"
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Display a summary of the commands (help screen).
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.TP
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.B q
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Quit
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.IR top.
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.TP
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.B d
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Change the number of displays to show (prompt for new number).
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Remember that the next display counts as one, so typing
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.B d1
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will make
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.I top
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show one final display and then immediately exit.
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.TP
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.B n or #
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Change the number of processes to display (prompt for new number).
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.TP
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.B s
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Change the number of seconds to delay between displays
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(prompt for new number).
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.TP
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.B k
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Send a signal (\*(lqkill\*(rq by default) to a list of processes. This
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acts similarly to the command
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.IR kill (1)).
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.TP
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.B r
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Change the priority (the \*(lqnice\*(rq) of a list of processes.
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This acts similarly to the command
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.IR renice (8)).
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.TP
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.B u
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Display only processes owned by a specific username (prompt for username).
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If the username specified is simply \*(lq+\*(rq, then processes belonging
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to all users will be displayed.
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.TP
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.B e
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Display a list of system errors (if any) generated by the last
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.BR k ill
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or
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.BR r enice
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command.
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.TP
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.B i
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(or
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.BR I)
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Toggle the display of idle processes.
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.SH "THE DISPLAY"
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The actual display varies depending on the specific variant of Unix
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that the machine is running. This description may not exactly match
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what is seen by top running on this particular machine. Differences
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are listed at the end of this manual entry.
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.PP
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The top few lines of the display show general information
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about the state of the system, including
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the last process id assigned to a process (on most systems),
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the three load averages,
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the current time,
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the number of existing processes,
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the number of processes in each state
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(sleeping, running, starting, zombies, and stopped),
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and a percentage of time spent in each of the processor states
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(user, nice, system, and idle).
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It also includes information about physial and virtual memory allocation.
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.PP
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The remainder of the screen displays information about individual
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processes. This display is similar in spirit to
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.IR ps (1)
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but it is not exactly the same. PID is the process id, USERNAME is the name
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of the process's owner (if
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.B \-u
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is specified, a UID column will be substituted for USERNAME),
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PRI is the current priority of the process,
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NICE is the nice amount (in the range \-20 to 20),
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SIZE is the total size of the process (text, data, and stack),
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RES is the current amount of resident memory (both SIZE and RES are
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given in kilobytes),
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STATE is the current state (one of \*(lqsleep\*(rq, \*(lqWAIT\*(rq,
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\*(lqrun\*(rq, \*(lqidl\*(rq, \*(lqzomb\*(rq, or \*(lqstop\*(rq),
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TIME is the number of system and user cpu seconds that the process has used,
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WCPU, when displayed, is the weighted cpu percentage (this is the same
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value that
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.IR ps (1)
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displays as CPU),
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CPU is the raw percentage and is the field that is sorted to determine
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the order of the processes, and
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COMMAND is the name of the command that the process is currently running
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(if the process is swapped out, this column is marked \*(lq<swapped>\*(rq).
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.SH NOTES
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The \*(lqABANDONED\*(rq state (known in the kernel as \*(lqSWAIT\*(rq) was
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abandoned, thus the name. A process should never end up in this state.
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.SH AUTHOR
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William LeFebvre, EECS Department, Northwestern University
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.SH ENVIRONMENT
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.DT
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TOP user-configurable defaults for options.
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.SH FILES
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.DT
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/dev/kmem kernel memory
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.br
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/dev/mem physical memory
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.br
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/etc/passwd used to map uid numbers to user names
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.br
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/vmunix system image
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.SH BUGS
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Don't shoot me, but the default for
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.B \-I
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has changed once again. So many people were confused by the fact that
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.I top
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wasn't showing them all the processes that I have decided to make the
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default behavior show idle processes, just like it did in version 2.
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But to appease folks who can't stand that behavior, I have added the
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ability to set \*(lqdefault\*(rq options in the environment variable
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.B TOP
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(see the OPTIONS section). Those who want the behavior that version
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3.0 had need only set the environment variable
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.B TOP
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to \*(lq\-I\*(rq.
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.PP
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The command name for swapped processes should be tracked down, but this
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would make the program run slower.
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.PP
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As with
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.IR ps (1),
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things can change while
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.I top
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is collecting information for an update. The picture it gives is only a
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close approximation to reality.
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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kill(1),
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ps(1),
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stty(1),
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mem(4),
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renice(8)
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