2003-10-24 18:26:30 +00:00
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|
|
.\" $KAME: ping6.8,v 1.58 2003/06/20 12:00:22 itojun Exp $
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
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.\"
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
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.\" Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
|
2005-02-09 18:07:17 +00:00
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.\" $FreeBSD$
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
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|
.\"
|
2013-05-04 19:16:26 +00:00
|
|
|
.Dd May 5, 2013
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.Dt PING6 8
|
2000-05-04 17:29:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.Os
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh NAME
|
|
|
|
.Nm ping6
|
|
|
|
.Nd send
|
|
|
|
.Tn ICMPv6 ECHO_REQUEST
|
|
|
|
packets to network hosts
|
|
|
|
.Sh SYNOPSIS
|
2000-11-20 16:52:27 +00:00
|
|
|
.Nm
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" without ipsec, or new ipsec
|
2010-04-20 06:10:05 +00:00
|
|
|
.Op Fl DdfHmnNoqrRtvwW
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" old ipsec
|
2010-04-20 06:10:05 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" .Op Fl ADdEfmnNqRtvwW
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.Bk -words
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.Op Fl a Ar addrtype
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ek
|
|
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|
.Bk -words
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
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|
.Op Fl b Ar bufsiz
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ek
|
|
|
|
.Bk -words
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
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|
.Op Fl c Ar count
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ek
|
|
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|
.Bk -words
|
2003-10-24 18:26:30 +00:00
|
|
|
.Op Fl g Ar gateway
|
|
|
|
.Ek
|
|
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|
.Bk -words
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
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|
.Op Fl h Ar hoplimit
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ek
|
|
|
|
.Bk -words
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
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|
.Op Fl I Ar interface
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ek
|
|
|
|
.Bk -words
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.Op Fl i Ar wait
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ek
|
|
|
|
.Bk -words
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.Op Fl l Ar preload
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ek
|
|
|
|
.Bk -words
|
|
|
|
.\" new ipsec
|
|
|
|
.Op Fl P Ar policy
|
|
|
|
.Ek
|
|
|
|
.Bk -words
|
2005-02-10 09:19:34 +00:00
|
|
|
.Op Fl p Ar pattern
|
|
|
|
.Ek
|
|
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|
.Bk -words
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.Op Fl S Ar sourceaddr
|
|
|
|
.Ek
|
|
|
|
.Bk -words
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.Op Fl s Ar packetsize
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ek
|
|
|
|
.Bk -words
|
2003-10-24 18:26:30 +00:00
|
|
|
.Op Ar hops ...
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ek
|
|
|
|
.Bk -words
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar host
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ek
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
2002-07-06 19:34:18 +00:00
|
|
|
The
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.Nm
|
2004-05-17 08:25:15 +00:00
|
|
|
utility uses the
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.Tn ICMPv6
|
|
|
|
protocol's mandatory
|
|
|
|
.Tn ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST
|
|
|
|
datagram to elicit an
|
|
|
|
.Tn ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY
|
|
|
|
from a host or gateway.
|
|
|
|
.Tn ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST
|
|
|
|
datagrams (``pings'') have an IPv6 header,
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.Tn ICMPv6
|
|
|
|
header formatted as documented in RFC2463.
|
|
|
|
The options are as follows:
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" old ipsec
|
|
|
|
.\" .It Fl A
|
|
|
|
.\" Enables transport-mode IPsec authentication header
|
2004-05-17 08:25:15 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" (experimental).
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Fl a Ar addrtype
|
|
|
|
Generate ICMPv6 Node Information Node Addresses query, rather than echo-request.
|
|
|
|
.Ar addrtype
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
must be a string constructed of the following characters.
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
|
|
|
|
.It Ic a
|
2003-10-24 18:26:30 +00:00
|
|
|
requests unicast addresses from all of the responder's interfaces.
|
2001-06-29 20:51:00 +00:00
|
|
|
If the character is omitted,
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
only those addresses which belong to the interface which has the
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
responder's address are requests.
|
|
|
|
.It Ic c
|
|
|
|
requests responder's IPv4-compatible and IPv4-mapped addresses.
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Ic g
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
requests responder's global-scope addresses.
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Ic s
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
requests responder's site-local addresses.
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Ic l
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
requests responder's link-local addresses.
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Ic A
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
requests responder's anycast addresses.
|
|
|
|
Without this character, the responder will return unicast addresses only.
|
|
|
|
With this character, the responder will return anycast addresses only.
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
Note that the specification does not specify how to get responder's
|
2000-03-01 11:27:47 +00:00
|
|
|
anycast addresses.
|
|
|
|
This is an experimental option.
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.It Fl b Ar bufsiz
|
|
|
|
Set socket buffer size.
|
|
|
|
.It Fl c Ar count
|
|
|
|
Stop after sending
|
2004-05-17 08:25:15 +00:00
|
|
|
(and receiving)
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar count
|
|
|
|
.Tn ECHO_RESPONSE
|
|
|
|
packets.
|
2010-04-20 06:10:05 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Fl D
|
|
|
|
Disable IPv6 fragmentation.
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Fl d
|
|
|
|
Set the
|
|
|
|
.Dv SO_DEBUG
|
|
|
|
option on the socket being used.
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" .It Fl E
|
|
|
|
.\" Enables transport-mode IPsec encapsulated security payload
|
2004-05-17 08:25:15 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" (experimental).
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Fl f
|
|
|
|
Flood ping.
|
|
|
|
Outputs packets as fast as they come back or one hundred times per second,
|
|
|
|
whichever is more.
|
|
|
|
For every
|
|
|
|
.Tn ECHO_REQUEST
|
|
|
|
sent a period
|
2003-10-24 18:26:30 +00:00
|
|
|
.Dq \&.
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
is printed, while for every
|
|
|
|
.Tn ECHO_REPLY
|
|
|
|
received a backspace is printed.
|
|
|
|
This provides a rapid display of how many packets are being dropped.
|
|
|
|
Only the super-user may use this option.
|
|
|
|
.Bf -emphasis
|
|
|
|
This can be very hard on a network and should be used with caution.
|
|
|
|
.Ef
|
2003-10-24 18:26:30 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Fl g Ar gateway
|
|
|
|
Specifies to use
|
|
|
|
.Ar gateway
|
|
|
|
as the next hop to the destination.
|
|
|
|
The gateway must be a neighbor of the sending node.
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Fl H
|
|
|
|
Specifies to try reverse-lookup of IPv6 addresses.
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
2004-05-17 08:25:15 +00:00
|
|
|
utility does not try reverse-lookup unless the option is specified.
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Fl h Ar hoplimit
|
|
|
|
Set the IPv6 hoplimit.
|
|
|
|
.It Fl I Ar interface
|
|
|
|
Source packets with the given interface address.
|
|
|
|
This flag applies if the ping destination is a multicast address,
|
|
|
|
or link-local/site-local unicast address.
|
|
|
|
.It Fl i Ar wait
|
|
|
|
Wait
|
|
|
|
.Ar wait
|
|
|
|
seconds
|
|
|
|
.Em between sending each packet .
|
|
|
|
The default is to wait for one second between each packet.
|
|
|
|
This option is incompatible with the
|
|
|
|
.Fl f
|
|
|
|
option.
|
|
|
|
.It Fl l Ar preload
|
|
|
|
If
|
|
|
|
.Ar preload
|
|
|
|
is specified,
|
2001-06-11 12:39:29 +00:00
|
|
|
.Nm
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
sends that many packets as fast as possible before falling into its normal
|
|
|
|
mode of behavior.
|
|
|
|
Only the super-user may use this option.
|
2003-10-24 18:26:30 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Fl m
|
|
|
|
By default,
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
|
|
|
asks the kernel to fragment packets to fit into the minimum IPv6 MTU.
|
2004-05-17 08:25:15 +00:00
|
|
|
The
|
2003-10-24 18:26:30 +00:00
|
|
|
.Fl m
|
2004-05-17 08:25:15 +00:00
|
|
|
option
|
2003-10-24 18:26:30 +00:00
|
|
|
will suppress the behavior in the following two levels:
|
|
|
|
when the option is specified once, the behavior will be disabled for
|
|
|
|
unicast packets.
|
|
|
|
When the option is more than once, it will be disabled for both
|
|
|
|
unicast and multicast packets.
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Fl n
|
|
|
|
Numeric output only.
|
2001-06-11 12:39:29 +00:00
|
|
|
No attempt will be made to lookup symbolic names from addresses in the reply.
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Fl N
|
2013-05-04 19:16:26 +00:00
|
|
|
Probe node information multicast group address
|
|
|
|
.Pq Li ff02::2:ffxx:xxxx .
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar host
|
|
|
|
must be string hostname of the target
|
2004-05-17 08:25:15 +00:00
|
|
|
(must not be a numeric IPv6 address).
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
Node information multicast group will be computed based on given
|
|
|
|
.Ar host ,
|
|
|
|
and will be used as the final destination.
|
|
|
|
Since node information multicast group is a link-local multicast group,
|
2003-10-24 18:26:30 +00:00
|
|
|
outgoing interface needs to be specified by
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.Fl I
|
|
|
|
option.
|
2013-05-04 19:16:26 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
When specified twice, the address
|
|
|
|
.Pq Li ff02::2:xxxx:xxxx
|
|
|
|
is used instead.
|
|
|
|
The former is in RFC 4620, the latter is in an old Internet Draft
|
|
|
|
draft-ietf-ipngwg-icmp-name-lookup.
|
|
|
|
Note that KAME-derived implementations including
|
|
|
|
.Fx
|
|
|
|
use the latter.
|
2007-11-20 01:58:34 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Fl o
|
|
|
|
Exit successfully after receiving one reply packet.
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Fl p Ar pattern
|
|
|
|
You may specify up to 16
|
|
|
|
.Dq pad
|
|
|
|
bytes to fill out the packet you send.
|
|
|
|
This is useful for diagnosing data-dependent problems in a network.
|
|
|
|
For example,
|
|
|
|
.Dq Li \-p ff
|
|
|
|
will cause the sent packet to be filled with all
|
|
|
|
ones.
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" new ipsec
|
|
|
|
.It Fl P Ar policy
|
|
|
|
.Ar policy
|
|
|
|
specifies IPsec policy to be used for the probe.
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Fl q
|
|
|
|
Quiet output.
|
|
|
|
Nothing is displayed except the summary lines at startup time and
|
|
|
|
when finished.
|
2008-08-27 15:01:23 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Fl r
|
|
|
|
Audible.
|
|
|
|
Include a bell
|
|
|
|
.Tn ( ASCII
|
|
|
|
0x07)
|
|
|
|
character in the output when any packet is received.
|
|
|
|
.It Fl R
|
|
|
|
Audible.
|
|
|
|
Output a bell
|
|
|
|
.Tn ( ASCII
|
|
|
|
0x07)
|
|
|
|
character when no packet is received before the next packet
|
|
|
|
is transmitted.
|
|
|
|
To cater for round-trip times that are longer than the interval
|
|
|
|
between transmissions, further missing packets cause a bell only
|
|
|
|
if the maximum number of unreceived packets has increased.
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Fl S Ar sourceaddr
|
|
|
|
Specifies the source address of request packets.
|
2003-10-24 18:26:30 +00:00
|
|
|
The source address must be one of the unicast addresses of the sending node,
|
|
|
|
and must be numeric.
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Fl s Ar packetsize
|
|
|
|
Specifies the number of data bytes to be sent.
|
|
|
|
The default is 56, which translates into 64
|
|
|
|
.Tn ICMP
|
|
|
|
data bytes when combined
|
|
|
|
with the 8 bytes of
|
|
|
|
.Tn ICMP
|
|
|
|
header data.
|
|
|
|
You may need to specify
|
|
|
|
.Fl b
|
|
|
|
as well to extend socket buffer size.
|
2001-06-11 12:39:29 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Fl t
|
|
|
|
Generate ICMPv6 Node Information supported query types query,
|
|
|
|
rather than echo-request.
|
|
|
|
.Fl s
|
|
|
|
has no effect if
|
|
|
|
.Fl t
|
|
|
|
is specified.
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Fl v
|
|
|
|
Verbose output.
|
|
|
|
.Tn ICMP
|
|
|
|
packets other than
|
|
|
|
.Tn ECHO_RESPONSE
|
|
|
|
that are received are listed.
|
|
|
|
.It Fl w
|
2001-06-11 12:39:29 +00:00
|
|
|
Generate ICMPv6 Node Information DNS Name query, rather than echo-request.
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.Fl s
|
|
|
|
has no effect if
|
|
|
|
.Fl w
|
|
|
|
is specified.
|
|
|
|
.It Fl W
|
|
|
|
Same as
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.Fl w ,
|
|
|
|
but with old packet format based on 03 draft.
|
|
|
|
This option is present for backward compatibility.
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.Fl s
|
|
|
|
has no effect if
|
|
|
|
.Fl w
|
|
|
|
is specified.
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Ar hops
|
|
|
|
IPv6 addresses for intermediate nodes,
|
|
|
|
which will be put into type 0 routing header.
|
|
|
|
.It Ar host
|
2001-12-11 18:36:29 +00:00
|
|
|
IPv6 address of the final destination node.
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
When using
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
|
|
|
for fault isolation, it should first be run on the local host, to verify
|
|
|
|
that the local network interface is up and running.
|
|
|
|
Then, hosts and gateways further and further away should be
|
|
|
|
.Dq pinged .
|
|
|
|
Round-trip times and packet loss statistics are computed.
|
|
|
|
If duplicate packets are received, they are not included in the packet
|
|
|
|
loss calculation, although the round trip time of these packets is used
|
|
|
|
in calculating the round-trip time statistics.
|
|
|
|
When the specified number of packets have been sent
|
2004-05-17 08:25:15 +00:00
|
|
|
(and received)
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
or if the program is terminated with a
|
|
|
|
.Dv SIGINT ,
|
|
|
|
a brief summary is displayed, showing the number of packets sent and
|
2004-05-17 08:25:15 +00:00
|
|
|
received, and the minimum, mean, maximum, and standard deviation of
|
2002-03-01 09:49:48 +00:00
|
|
|
the round-trip times.
|
2002-02-07 16:50:02 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
2004-05-17 08:25:15 +00:00
|
|
|
If
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
|
|
|
receives a
|
|
|
|
.Dv SIGINFO
|
|
|
|
(see the
|
|
|
|
.Cm status
|
|
|
|
argument for
|
|
|
|
.Xr stty 1 )
|
|
|
|
signal, the current number of packets sent and received, and the
|
|
|
|
minimum, mean, maximum, and standard deviation of the round-trip times
|
|
|
|
will be written to the standard output in the same format as the
|
|
|
|
standard completion message.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
This program is intended for use in network testing, measurement and
|
|
|
|
management.
|
|
|
|
Because of the load it can impose on the network, it is unwise to use
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
|
|
|
during normal operations or from automated scripts.
|
|
|
|
.\" .Sh ICMP PACKET DETAILS
|
|
|
|
.\" An IP header without options is 20 bytes.
|
|
|
|
.\" An
|
|
|
|
.\" .Tn ICMP
|
|
|
|
.\" .Tn ECHO_REQUEST
|
|
|
|
.\" packet contains an additional 8 bytes worth of
|
|
|
|
.\" .Tn ICMP
|
|
|
|
.\" header followed by an arbitrary amount of data.
|
|
|
|
.\" When a
|
|
|
|
.\" .Ar packetsize
|
|
|
|
.\" is given, this indicated the size of this extra piece of data
|
2004-05-17 08:25:15 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" (the default is 56).
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" Thus the amount of data received inside of an IP packet of type
|
|
|
|
.\" .Tn ICMP
|
|
|
|
.\" .Tn ECHO_REPLY
|
|
|
|
.\" will always be 8 bytes more than the requested data space
|
2004-05-17 08:25:15 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" (the
|
|
|
|
.\" .Tn ICMP
|
|
|
|
.\" header).
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" .Pp
|
|
|
|
.\" If the data space is at least eight bytes large,
|
|
|
|
.\" .Nm
|
|
|
|
.\" uses the first eight bytes of this space to include a timestamp which
|
|
|
|
.\" it uses in the computation of round trip times.
|
|
|
|
.\" If less than eight bytes of pad are specified, no round trip times are
|
|
|
|
.\" given.
|
|
|
|
.Sh DUPLICATE AND DAMAGED PACKETS
|
2002-07-06 19:34:18 +00:00
|
|
|
The
|
2001-06-11 12:39:29 +00:00
|
|
|
.Nm
|
2004-05-17 08:25:15 +00:00
|
|
|
utility will report duplicate and damaged packets.
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
Duplicate packets should never occur when pinging a unicast address,
|
|
|
|
and seem to be caused by
|
|
|
|
inappropriate link-level retransmissions.
|
|
|
|
Duplicates may occur in many situations and are rarely
|
2004-05-17 08:25:15 +00:00
|
|
|
(if ever)
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
a good sign, although the presence of low levels of duplicates may not
|
|
|
|
always be cause for alarm.
|
|
|
|
Duplicates are expected when pinging a broadcast or multicast address,
|
|
|
|
since they are not really duplicates but replies from different hosts
|
|
|
|
to the same request.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
Damaged packets are obviously serious cause for alarm and often
|
|
|
|
indicate broken hardware somewhere in the
|
2001-06-11 12:39:29 +00:00
|
|
|
.Nm
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
packet's path
|
2004-05-17 08:25:15 +00:00
|
|
|
(in the network or in the hosts).
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh TRYING DIFFERENT DATA PATTERNS
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
(inter)network
|
|
|
|
layer should never treat packets differently depending on the data
|
|
|
|
contained in the data portion.
|
|
|
|
Unfortunately, data-dependent problems have been known to sneak into
|
|
|
|
networks and remain undetected for long periods of time.
|
|
|
|
In many cases the particular pattern that will have problems is something
|
|
|
|
that does not have sufficient
|
|
|
|
.Dq transitions ,
|
|
|
|
such as all ones or all zeros, or a pattern right at the edge, such as
|
|
|
|
almost all zeros.
|
|
|
|
It is not
|
|
|
|
necessarily enough to specify a data pattern of all zeros (for example)
|
|
|
|
on the command line because the pattern that is of interest is
|
|
|
|
at the data link level, and the relationship between what you type and
|
|
|
|
what the controllers transmit can be complicated.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
This means that if you have a data-dependent problem you will probably
|
|
|
|
have to do a lot of testing to find it.
|
|
|
|
If you are lucky, you may manage to find a file that either
|
|
|
|
cannot
|
|
|
|
be sent across your network or that takes much longer to transfer than
|
|
|
|
other similar length files.
|
|
|
|
You can then examine this file for repeated patterns that you can test
|
|
|
|
using the
|
|
|
|
.Fl p
|
|
|
|
option of
|
2004-05-17 08:25:15 +00:00
|
|
|
.Nm .
|
2005-01-17 07:44:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh EXIT STATUS
|
2004-05-17 08:25:15 +00:00
|
|
|
The
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.Nm
|
2004-05-17 08:25:15 +00:00
|
|
|
utility returns 0 on success (the host is alive),
|
2008-05-27 10:51:19 +00:00
|
|
|
2 if the transmission was successful but no responses were received,
|
2012-03-29 05:02:12 +00:00
|
|
|
any other non-zero value if the arguments are incorrect or
|
|
|
|
another error has occurred.
|
2001-06-11 12:39:29 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh EXAMPLES
|
|
|
|
Normally,
|
2001-07-04 14:04:16 +00:00
|
|
|
.Nm
|
2001-06-11 12:39:29 +00:00
|
|
|
works just like
|
|
|
|
.Xr ping 8
|
|
|
|
would work; the following will send ICMPv6 echo request to
|
|
|
|
.Li dst.foo.com .
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
|
|
ping6 -n dst.foo.com
|
|
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
The following will probe hostnames for all nodes on the network link attached to
|
|
|
|
.Li wi0
|
|
|
|
interface.
|
|
|
|
The address
|
|
|
|
.Li ff02::1
|
|
|
|
is named the link-local all-node multicast address, and the packet would
|
|
|
|
reach every node on the network link.
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
|
|
ping6 -w ff02::1%wi0
|
|
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
The following will probe addresses assigned to the destination node,
|
|
|
|
.Li dst.foo.com .
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
|
|
ping6 -a agl dst.foo.com
|
|
|
|
.Ed
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
|
|
.Xr netstat 1 ,
|
2001-06-11 12:39:29 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr icmp6 4 ,
|
|
|
|
.Xr inet6 4 ,
|
|
|
|
.Xr ip6 4 ,
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr ifconfig 8 ,
|
|
|
|
.Xr ping 8 ,
|
2000-05-04 17:29:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr routed 8 ,
|
1999-12-28 02:37:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr traceroute 8 ,
|
|
|
|
.Xr traceroute6 8
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.Rs
|
|
|
|
.%A A. Conta
|
|
|
|
.%A S. Deering
|
|
|
|
.%T "Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for the Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Specification"
|
|
|
|
.%N RFC2463
|
|
|
|
.%D December 1998
|
|
|
|
.Re
|
|
|
|
.Rs
|
|
|
|
.%A Matt Crawford
|
|
|
|
.%T "IPv6 Node Information Queries"
|
2003-10-24 18:26:30 +00:00
|
|
|
.%N draft-ietf-ipngwg-icmp-name-lookups-09.txt
|
|
|
|
.%D May 2002
|
2000-07-05 09:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.%O work in progress material
|
|
|
|
.Re
|
2003-10-24 18:26:30 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Xr ping 8
|
2004-05-17 08:25:15 +00:00
|
|
|
utility appeared in
|
2003-10-24 18:26:30 +00:00
|
|
|
.Bx 4.3 .
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
2004-05-17 08:25:15 +00:00
|
|
|
utility with IPv6 support first appeared in the WIDE Hydrangea IPv6
|
2003-10-24 18:26:30 +00:00
|
|
|
protocol stack kit.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
2004-05-17 08:25:15 +00:00
|
|
|
IPv6 and IPsec support based on the KAME Project
|
|
|
|
.Pq Pa http://www.kame.net/
|
|
|
|
stack was initially integrated into
|
|
|
|
.Fx 4.0 .
|
2001-02-22 19:00:51 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
2004-05-17 08:25:15 +00:00
|
|
|
The
|
2003-10-24 18:26:30 +00:00
|
|
|
.Nm
|
2004-05-17 08:25:15 +00:00
|
|
|
utility
|
2003-10-24 18:26:30 +00:00
|
|
|
is intentionally separate from
|
|
|
|
.Xr ping 8 .
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
2001-02-22 19:00:51 +00:00
|
|
|
There have been many discussions on why we separate
|
2001-07-04 14:04:16 +00:00
|
|
|
.Nm
|
2001-02-22 19:00:51 +00:00
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.Xr ping 8 .
|
|
|
|
Some people argued that it would be more convenient to uniform the
|
|
|
|
ping command for both IPv4 and IPv6.
|
|
|
|
The followings are an answer to the request.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
From a developer's point of view:
|
2001-06-29 20:51:00 +00:00
|
|
|
since the underling raw sockets API is totally different between IPv4
|
|
|
|
and IPv6, we would end up having two types of code base.
|
2001-02-22 19:00:51 +00:00
|
|
|
There would actually be less benefit to uniform the two commands
|
|
|
|
into a single command from the developer's standpoint.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
From an operator's point of view: unlike ordinary network applications
|
|
|
|
like remote login tools, we are usually aware of address family when using
|
|
|
|
network management tools.
|
|
|
|
We do not just want to know the reachability to the host, but want to know the
|
|
|
|
reachability to the host via a particular network protocol such as
|
|
|
|
IPv6.
|
|
|
|
Thus, even if we had a unified
|
|
|
|
.Xr ping 8
|
|
|
|
command for both IPv4 and IPv6, we would usually type a
|
|
|
|
.Fl 6
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
|
|
.Fl 4
|
|
|
|
option (or something like those) to specify the particular address family.
|
|
|
|
This essentially means that we have two different commands.
|