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freebsd-dev/sys/ia64/include/cpu.h

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This is the first snapshot of the FreeBSD/ia64 kernel. This kernel will not work on any real hardware (or fully work on any simulator). Much more needs to happen before this is actually functional but its nice to see the FreeBSD copyright message appear in the ia64 simulator.
2000-09-29 13:46:07 +00:00
/* $FreeBSD$ */
/* From: NetBSD: cpu.h,v 1.18 1997/09/23 23:17:49 mjacob Exp */
/* -> /*- for copyright notices, minor format tweaks as necessary
2005-01-06 22:18:23 +00:00
/*-
This is the first snapshot of the FreeBSD/ia64 kernel. This kernel will not work on any real hardware (or fully work on any simulator). Much more needs to happen before this is actually functional but its nice to see the FreeBSD copyright message appear in the ia64 simulator.
2000-09-29 13:46:07 +00:00
* Copyright (c) 1988 University of Utah.
* Copyright (c) 1982, 1990, 1993
* The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
*
* This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
* the Systems Programming Group of the University of Utah Computer
* Science Department.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* from: Utah $Hdr: cpu.h 1.16 91/03/25$
*
* @(#)cpu.h 8.4 (Berkeley) 1/5/94
*/
#ifndef _MACHINE_CPU_H_
#define _MACHINE_CPU_H_
#include <machine/frame.h>
/*
Revamp of the syscall path, exception and context handling. The prime objectives are: o Implement a syscall path based on the epc inststruction (see sys/ia64/ia64/syscall.s). o Revisit the places were we need to save and restore registers and define those contexts in terms of the register sets (see sys/ia64/include/_regset.h). Secundairy objectives: o Remove the requirement to use contigmalloc for kernel stacks. o Better handling of the high FP registers for SMP systems. o Switch to the new cpu_switch() and cpu_throw() semantics. o Add a good unwinder to reconstruct contexts for the rare cases we need to (see sys/contrib/ia64/libuwx) Many files are affected by this change. Functionally it boils down to: o The EPC syscall doesn't preserve registers it does not need to preserve and places the arguments differently on the stack. This affects libc and truss. o The address of the kernel page directory (kptdir) had to be unstaticized for use by the nested TLB fault handler. The name has been changed to ia64_kptdir to avoid conflicts. The renaming affects libkvm. o The trapframe only contains the special registers and the scratch registers. For syscalls using the EPC syscall path no scratch registers are saved. This affects all places where the trapframe is accessed. Most notably the unaligned access handler, the signal delivery code and the debugger. o Context switching only partly saves the special registers and the preserved registers. This affects cpu_switch() and triggered the move to the new semantics, which additionally affects cpu_throw(). o The high FP registers are either in the PCB or on some CPU. context switching for them is done lazily. This affects trap(). o The mcontext has room for all registers, but not all of them have to be defined in all cases. This mostly affects signal delivery code now. The *context syscalls are as of yet still unimplemented. Many details went into the removal of the requirement to use contigmalloc for kernel stacks. The details are mostly CPU specific and limited to exception_save() and exception_restore(). The few places where we create, destroy or switch stacks were mostly simplified by not having to construct physical addresses and additionally saving the virtual addresses for later use. Besides more efficient context saving and restoring, which of course yields a noticable speedup, this also fixes the dreaded SMP bootup problem as a side-effect. The details of which are still not fully understood. This change includes all the necessary backward compatibility code to have it handle older userland binaries that use the break instruction for syscalls. Support for break-based syscalls has been pessimized in favor of a clean implementation. Due to the overall better performance of the kernel, this will still be notived as an improvement if it's noticed at all. Approved by: re@ (jhb)
2003-05-16 21:26:42 +00:00
* Arguments to hardclock and gatherstats encapsulate the previous machine
* state in an opaque clockframe.
This is the first snapshot of the FreeBSD/ia64 kernel. This kernel will not work on any real hardware (or fully work on any simulator). Much more needs to happen before this is actually functional but its nice to see the FreeBSD copyright message appear in the ia64 simulator.
2000-09-29 13:46:07 +00:00
*/
struct clockframe {
Revamp of the syscall path, exception and context handling. The prime objectives are: o Implement a syscall path based on the epc inststruction (see sys/ia64/ia64/syscall.s). o Revisit the places were we need to save and restore registers and define those contexts in terms of the register sets (see sys/ia64/include/_regset.h). Secundairy objectives: o Remove the requirement to use contigmalloc for kernel stacks. o Better handling of the high FP registers for SMP systems. o Switch to the new cpu_switch() and cpu_throw() semantics. o Add a good unwinder to reconstruct contexts for the rare cases we need to (see sys/contrib/ia64/libuwx) Many files are affected by this change. Functionally it boils down to: o The EPC syscall doesn't preserve registers it does not need to preserve and places the arguments differently on the stack. This affects libc and truss. o The address of the kernel page directory (kptdir) had to be unstaticized for use by the nested TLB fault handler. The name has been changed to ia64_kptdir to avoid conflicts. The renaming affects libkvm. o The trapframe only contains the special registers and the scratch registers. For syscalls using the EPC syscall path no scratch registers are saved. This affects all places where the trapframe is accessed. Most notably the unaligned access handler, the signal delivery code and the debugger. o Context switching only partly saves the special registers and the preserved registers. This affects cpu_switch() and triggered the move to the new semantics, which additionally affects cpu_throw(). o The high FP registers are either in the PCB or on some CPU. context switching for them is done lazily. This affects trap(). o The mcontext has room for all registers, but not all of them have to be defined in all cases. This mostly affects signal delivery code now. The *context syscalls are as of yet still unimplemented. Many details went into the removal of the requirement to use contigmalloc for kernel stacks. The details are mostly CPU specific and limited to exception_save() and exception_restore(). The few places where we create, destroy or switch stacks were mostly simplified by not having to construct physical addresses and additionally saving the virtual addresses for later use. Besides more efficient context saving and restoring, which of course yields a noticable speedup, this also fixes the dreaded SMP bootup problem as a side-effect. The details of which are still not fully understood. This change includes all the necessary backward compatibility code to have it handle older userland binaries that use the break instruction for syscalls. Support for break-based syscalls has been pessimized in favor of a clean implementation. Due to the overall better performance of the kernel, this will still be notived as an improvement if it's noticed at all. Approved by: re@ (jhb)
2003-05-16 21:26:42 +00:00
struct trapframe cf_tf;
This is the first snapshot of the FreeBSD/ia64 kernel. This kernel will not work on any real hardware (or fully work on any simulator). Much more needs to happen before this is actually functional but its nice to see the FreeBSD copyright message appear in the ia64 simulator.
2000-09-29 13:46:07 +00:00
};
Revamp of the syscall path, exception and context handling. The prime objectives are: o Implement a syscall path based on the epc inststruction (see sys/ia64/ia64/syscall.s). o Revisit the places were we need to save and restore registers and define those contexts in terms of the register sets (see sys/ia64/include/_regset.h). Secundairy objectives: o Remove the requirement to use contigmalloc for kernel stacks. o Better handling of the high FP registers for SMP systems. o Switch to the new cpu_switch() and cpu_throw() semantics. o Add a good unwinder to reconstruct contexts for the rare cases we need to (see sys/contrib/ia64/libuwx) Many files are affected by this change. Functionally it boils down to: o The EPC syscall doesn't preserve registers it does not need to preserve and places the arguments differently on the stack. This affects libc and truss. o The address of the kernel page directory (kptdir) had to be unstaticized for use by the nested TLB fault handler. The name has been changed to ia64_kptdir to avoid conflicts. The renaming affects libkvm. o The trapframe only contains the special registers and the scratch registers. For syscalls using the EPC syscall path no scratch registers are saved. This affects all places where the trapframe is accessed. Most notably the unaligned access handler, the signal delivery code and the debugger. o Context switching only partly saves the special registers and the preserved registers. This affects cpu_switch() and triggered the move to the new semantics, which additionally affects cpu_throw(). o The high FP registers are either in the PCB or on some CPU. context switching for them is done lazily. This affects trap(). o The mcontext has room for all registers, but not all of them have to be defined in all cases. This mostly affects signal delivery code now. The *context syscalls are as of yet still unimplemented. Many details went into the removal of the requirement to use contigmalloc for kernel stacks. The details are mostly CPU specific and limited to exception_save() and exception_restore(). The few places where we create, destroy or switch stacks were mostly simplified by not having to construct physical addresses and additionally saving the virtual addresses for later use. Besides more efficient context saving and restoring, which of course yields a noticable speedup, this also fixes the dreaded SMP bootup problem as a side-effect. The details of which are still not fully understood. This change includes all the necessary backward compatibility code to have it handle older userland binaries that use the break instruction for syscalls. Support for break-based syscalls has been pessimized in favor of a clean implementation. Due to the overall better performance of the kernel, this will still be notived as an improvement if it's noticed at all. Approved by: re@ (jhb)
2003-05-16 21:26:42 +00:00
#define CLKF_PC(cf) ((cf)->cf_tf.tf_special.iip)
Undo the mistake made in revision 1.77 of trap.c and which was the ultimate trigger for the follow-up fixes in revisions 1.78, 1.80, 1.81 and 1.82 of trap.c. I was simply too pre-occupied with the gateway page and how it blurs kernel space with user space and vice versa that I couldn't see that it was all a load of bollocks. It's not the IP address that matters, it's the privilege level that counts. We never run in user space with lifted permissions and we sure can not run in kernel space without it. Sure, the gateway page is the exception, but not if you look at the privilege level. It's user space if you run with user permissions and kernel space otherwise. So, we're back to looking at the privilege level like it should be. There's no other way. Pointy hat: marcel
2003-08-20 05:30:35 +00:00
#define CLKF_CPL(cf) ((cf)->cf_tf.tf_special.psr & IA64_PSR_CPL)
Change TRAPF_USERMODE and CLOCKF_USERMODE to not test for CPL == 3, but for CPL != 0. For some reason yet unknown it is possible for the CPL to be 2. This would previously be counted as kernel mode, which resulted in nasty panics. By changing the test it is now treated as user mode, which is more correct. We still need to figure out how it is possible that the privilege level can be 2 (or 1 for that matter), because it's not used by us. We only use 3 (user mode) and 0 (kernel mode).
2003-09-19 07:48:22 +00:00
#define CLKF_USERMODE(cf) (CLKF_CPL(cf) != IA64_PSR_CPL_KERN)
Revamp of the syscall path, exception and context handling. The prime objectives are: o Implement a syscall path based on the epc inststruction (see sys/ia64/ia64/syscall.s). o Revisit the places were we need to save and restore registers and define those contexts in terms of the register sets (see sys/ia64/include/_regset.h). Secundairy objectives: o Remove the requirement to use contigmalloc for kernel stacks. o Better handling of the high FP registers for SMP systems. o Switch to the new cpu_switch() and cpu_throw() semantics. o Add a good unwinder to reconstruct contexts for the rare cases we need to (see sys/contrib/ia64/libuwx) Many files are affected by this change. Functionally it boils down to: o The EPC syscall doesn't preserve registers it does not need to preserve and places the arguments differently on the stack. This affects libc and truss. o The address of the kernel page directory (kptdir) had to be unstaticized for use by the nested TLB fault handler. The name has been changed to ia64_kptdir to avoid conflicts. The renaming affects libkvm. o The trapframe only contains the special registers and the scratch registers. For syscalls using the EPC syscall path no scratch registers are saved. This affects all places where the trapframe is accessed. Most notably the unaligned access handler, the signal delivery code and the debugger. o Context switching only partly saves the special registers and the preserved registers. This affects cpu_switch() and triggered the move to the new semantics, which additionally affects cpu_throw(). o The high FP registers are either in the PCB or on some CPU. context switching for them is done lazily. This affects trap(). o The mcontext has room for all registers, but not all of them have to be defined in all cases. This mostly affects signal delivery code now. The *context syscalls are as of yet still unimplemented. Many details went into the removal of the requirement to use contigmalloc for kernel stacks. The details are mostly CPU specific and limited to exception_save() and exception_restore(). The few places where we create, destroy or switch stacks were mostly simplified by not having to construct physical addresses and additionally saving the virtual addresses for later use. Besides more efficient context saving and restoring, which of course yields a noticable speedup, this also fixes the dreaded SMP bootup problem as a side-effect. The details of which are still not fully understood. This change includes all the necessary backward compatibility code to have it handle older userland binaries that use the break instruction for syscalls. Support for break-based syscalls has been pessimized in favor of a clean implementation. Due to the overall better performance of the kernel, this will still be notived as an improvement if it's noticed at all. Approved by: re@ (jhb)
2003-05-16 21:26:42 +00:00
#define TRAPF_PC(tf) ((tf)->tf_special.iip)
Have TRAPF_USERMODE() take into account that the gateway page is not always kernel space. It should be treated as user space when run with user privileges (which is the case for the signal trampolines). This fixes its only use in a KASSERT in subr_trap.c.
2003-06-06 23:27:18 +00:00
#define TRAPF_CPL(tf) ((tf)->tf_special.psr & IA64_PSR_CPL)
Change TRAPF_USERMODE and CLOCKF_USERMODE to not test for CPL == 3, but for CPL != 0. For some reason yet unknown it is possible for the CPL to be 2. This would previously be counted as kernel mode, which resulted in nasty panics. By changing the test it is now treated as user mode, which is more correct. We still need to figure out how it is possible that the privilege level can be 2 (or 1 for that matter), because it's not used by us. We only use 3 (user mode) and 0 (kernel mode).
2003-09-19 07:48:22 +00:00
#define TRAPF_USERMODE(tf) (TRAPF_CPL(tf) != IA64_PSR_CPL_KERN)
This is the first snapshot of the FreeBSD/ia64 kernel. This kernel will not work on any real hardware (or fully work on any simulator). Much more needs to happen before this is actually functional but its nice to see the FreeBSD copyright message appear in the ia64 simulator.
2000-09-29 13:46:07 +00:00
/*
* CTL_MACHDEP definitions.
*/
Backed out previous commit. Blind substitution of dev_t by `struct cdev *' was just wrong here because the dev_t's are user dev_t's.
2004-06-20 03:52:50 +00:00
#define CPU_CONSDEV 1 /* dev_t: console terminal device */
Cleanup the clock code. This includes: o Remove alpha specific timer code (mc146818A) and compiled-out calibration of said timer. o Remove i386 inherited timer code (i8253) and related acquire and release functions. o Move sysbeep() from clock.c to machdep.c and have it return ENODEV. Console beeps should be implemented using ACPI or if no such device is described, using the sound driver. o Move the sysctls related to adjkerntz, disable_rtc_set and wall_cmos_clock from machdep.c to clock.c, where the variables are. o Don't hardcode a hz value of 1024 in cpu_initclocks() and don't bother faking a stathz that's 1/8 of that. Keep it simple: hz defaults to HZ and stathz equals hz. This is also how it's done for sparc64. o Keep a per-CPU ITC counter (pc_clock) and adjustment (pc_clockadj) to calculate ITC skew and corrections. On average, we adjust the ITC match register once every ~1500 interrupts for a duration of 2 consequtive interruprs. This is to correct the non-deterministic behaviour of the ITC interrupt (there's a delay between the match and the raising of the interrupt). o Add 4 debugging sysctls to monitor clock behaviour. Those are debug.clock_adjust_edges, debug.clock_adjust_excess, debug.clock_adjust_lost and debug.clock_adjust_ticks. The first counts the individual adjustment cycles (when the skew first crosses the threshold), the second counts the number of times the adjustment was excessive (any non-zero value is to be considered a bug), the third counts lost clock interrupts and the last counts the number of interrupts for which we applied an adjustment (debug.clock_adjust_ticks / debug.clock_adjust_edges gives the avarage duration of an individual adjustment -- should be ~2). While here, remove some nearby (trivial) left-overs from alpha and other cleanups.
2003-08-04 05:13:18 +00:00
#define CPU_ADJKERNTZ 2 /* int: timezone offset (seconds) */
#define CPU_DISRTCSET 3 /* int: disable resettodr() call */
#define CPU_WALLCLOCK 4 /* int: indicates wall CMOS clock */
#define CPU_MAXID 5 /* valid machdep IDs */
This is the first snapshot of the FreeBSD/ia64 kernel. This kernel will not work on any real hardware (or fully work on any simulator). Much more needs to happen before this is actually functional but its nice to see the FreeBSD copyright message appear in the ia64 simulator.
2000-09-29 13:46:07 +00:00
#define CTL_MACHDEP_NAMES { \
{ 0, 0 }, \
{ "console_device", CTLTYPE_STRUCT }, \
{ "adjkerntz", CTLTYPE_INT }, \
{ "disable_rtc_set", CTLTYPE_INT }, \
{ "wall_cmos_clock", CTLTYPE_INT }, \
}
#ifdef _KERNEL
Make profiling actually work. The gcc compiler emits a call to the _mcount() stub when profiling is enabled. Emit this code sequence for assembly routines as welli (MCOUNT definition in <machine/asm.h>. We do not pass the GOT entry however as the 4th argument, because it's not used. The _mcount() stub calls __mcount(), which does the actual work. Define _MCOUNT_DECL to define __mcount. We do not have an implementation of mcount(), so we define MCOUNT as empty, but have a weak alias to _mcount() in _mcount.S. Note that the _mcount() stub in the kernel is slightly different from the stub in userland. This is because we do not have to worry about nested routines in the kernel.
2004-08-25 07:42:34 +00:00
#ifdef GPROF
extern char btext[];
extern char etext[];
#endif
Add a consistent API to a feature that most modern CPUs have; a fast counter register in-CPU. This is to be used as a fast "timer", where linearity is more important than time, and multiple lines in the linearity caused by multiple CPUs in an SMP machine is not a problem. This adds no code whatsoever to the FreeBSD kernel until it is actually used, and then as a single-instruction inline routine (except for the 80386 and 80486 where it is some more inline code around nanotime(9). Reviewed by: bde, kris, jhb
2000-11-21 19:55:21 +00:00
/*
* Return contents of in-cpu fast counter as a sort of "bogo-time"
* for non-critical timing.
*/
Further cleanup <machine/cpu.h> and <machine/md_var.h>: move the MI prototypes of cpu_halt(), cpu_reset() and swi_vm() from md_var.h to cpu.h. This affects db_command.c and kern_shutdown.c. ia64: move all MD prototypes from cpu.h to md_var.h. This affects madt.c, interrupt.c and mp_machdep.c. Remove is_physical_memory(). It's not used (vm_machdep.c). alpha: the MD prototypes have been left in cpu.h with a comment that they should be there. Moving them is left for later. It was expected that the impact would be significant enough to be done in a seperate commit. powerpc: MD prototypes left in cpu.h. Comment added. Suggested by: bde Tested with: make universe (pc98 incomplete)
2003-08-16 16:57:57 +00:00
#define get_cyclecount ia64_get_itc
Undo the mistake made in revision 1.77 of trap.c and which was the ultimate trigger for the follow-up fixes in revisions 1.78, 1.80, 1.81 and 1.82 of trap.c. I was simply too pre-occupied with the gateway page and how it blurs kernel space with user space and vice versa that I couldn't see that it was all a load of bollocks. It's not the IP address that matters, it's the privilege level that counts. We never run in user space with lifted permissions and we sure can not run in kernel space without it. Sure, the gateway page is the exception, but not if you look at the privilege level. It's user space if you run with user permissions and kernel space otherwise. So, we're back to looking at the privilege level like it should be. There's no other way. Pointy hat: marcel
2003-08-20 05:30:35 +00:00
/* Used by signaling code. */
#define cpu_getstack(td) ((td)->td_frame->tf_special.sp)
Instead of calling ia32_pause() conditionally on __i386__ or __amd64__ being defined, define and use a new MD macro, cpu_spinwait(). It only expands to something on i386 and amd64, so the compiled code should be identical. Name of the macro found by: jhb Reviewed by: jhb
2004-08-03 18:44:27 +00:00
#define cpu_spinwait() /* nothing */
Undo the mistake made in revision 1.77 of trap.c and which was the ultimate trigger for the follow-up fixes in revisions 1.78, 1.80, 1.81 and 1.82 of trap.c. I was simply too pre-occupied with the gateway page and how it blurs kernel space with user space and vice versa that I couldn't see that it was all a load of bollocks. It's not the IP address that matters, it's the privilege level that counts. We never run in user space with lifted permissions and we sure can not run in kernel space without it. Sure, the gateway page is the exception, but not if you look at the privilege level. It's user space if you run with user permissions and kernel space otherwise. So, we're back to looking at the privilege level like it should be. There's no other way. Pointy hat: marcel
2003-08-20 05:30:35 +00:00
Further cleanup <machine/cpu.h> and <machine/md_var.h>: move the MI prototypes of cpu_halt(), cpu_reset() and swi_vm() from md_var.h to cpu.h. This affects db_command.c and kern_shutdown.c. ia64: move all MD prototypes from cpu.h to md_var.h. This affects madt.c, interrupt.c and mp_machdep.c. Remove is_physical_memory(). It's not used (vm_machdep.c). alpha: the MD prototypes have been left in cpu.h with a comment that they should be there. Moving them is left for later. It was expected that the impact would be significant enough to be done in a seperate commit. powerpc: MD prototypes left in cpu.h. Comment added. Suggested by: bde Tested with: make universe (pc98 incomplete)
2003-08-16 16:57:57 +00:00
void cpu_halt(void);
void cpu_reset(void);
void fork_trampoline(void); /* MAGIC */
void swi_vm(void *);
Add a consistent API to a feature that most modern CPUs have; a fast counter register in-CPU. This is to be used as a fast "timer", where linearity is more important than time, and multiple lines in the linearity caused by multiple CPUs in an SMP machine is not a problem. This adds no code whatsoever to the FreeBSD kernel until it is actually used, and then as a single-instruction inline routine (except for the 80386 and 80486 where it is some more inline code around nanotime(9). Reviewed by: bde, kris, jhb
2000-11-21 19:55:21 +00:00
This is the first snapshot of the FreeBSD/ia64 kernel. This kernel will not work on any real hardware (or fully work on any simulator). Much more needs to happen before this is actually functional but its nice to see the FreeBSD copyright message appear in the ia64 simulator.
2000-09-29 13:46:07 +00:00
#endif /* _KERNEL */
#endif /* _MACHINE_CPU_H_ */
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