1994-05-26 05:23:31 +00:00
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.\" Copyright (c) 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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1994-09-23 19:04:02 +00:00
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.\" From: @(#)sysctl.8 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
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1999-08-28 00:22:10 +00:00
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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1994-05-26 05:23:31 +00:00
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.\"
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1994-09-23 19:04:02 +00:00
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.Dd September 23, 1994
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1994-05-26 05:23:31 +00:00
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.Dt SYSCTL 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm sysctl
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.Nd get or set kernel state
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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2000-11-20 16:52:27 +00:00
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.Nm
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2001-05-28 12:15:45 +00:00
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.Op Fl bNnox
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.Ar name Ns Op = Ns Ar value
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.Ar ...
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.Nm
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2001-05-28 12:15:45 +00:00
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.Op Fl bNnox
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.Fl a
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1994-05-26 05:23:31 +00:00
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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1997-10-20 12:53:54 +00:00
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.Nm
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2001-05-28 12:15:45 +00:00
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utility retrieves kernel state and allows processes with appropriate
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privilege to set kernel state.
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The state to be retrieved or set is described using a ``Management
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Information Base'' (``MIB'') style name, described as a dotted set of
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components.
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1995-12-21 12:39:25 +00:00
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.Pp
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1997-10-20 12:53:54 +00:00
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The following options are available:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl A
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2001-05-28 12:15:45 +00:00
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Equivalent to
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.Fl o
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.Fl a
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2001-05-28 12:15:45 +00:00
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(for compatibility).
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.It Fl a
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List all the currently available non-opaque values.
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This option is ignored if one or more variable names are specified on
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the command line.
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2001-01-14 19:08:58 +00:00
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.It Fl N
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Show only variable names, not their values.
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2001-05-28 12:15:45 +00:00
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This is particularly useful with shells that offer programmable
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completion.
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To enable completion of variable names in
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.Nm zsh ,
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use the following code:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
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listsysctls () { set -A reply $(sysctl -AN ${1%.*}) }
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compctl -K listsysctls sysctl
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.Ed
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1997-10-20 12:53:54 +00:00
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.It Fl n
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2001-05-28 12:15:45 +00:00
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Show only variable values, not their names.
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This option is useful for setting shell variables.
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For instance, to save the pagesize in variable psize, use:
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1994-05-26 05:23:31 +00:00
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.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
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set psize=`sysctl -n hw.pagesize`
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.Ed
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1997-10-20 12:53:54 +00:00
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.It Fl b
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Force the value of the variable(s) to be output in raw, binary format.
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No names are printed and no terminating newlines are output.
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This is mostly useful with a single variable.
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2001-05-28 12:15:45 +00:00
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.Fl o
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Show opaque variables (which are normally suppressed).
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The format and length are printed, as well as a hex dump of the first
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sixteen bytes of the value.
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.It Fl X
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Equivalent to
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.Fl x
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.Fl a
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(for compatibility).
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.It Fl x
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As
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.Fl o ,
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but prints a hex dump of the entire value instead of just the first
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few bytes.
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1997-10-20 12:53:54 +00:00
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.El
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1994-05-26 05:23:31 +00:00
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.Pp
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The information available from
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1997-10-20 12:53:54 +00:00
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.Nm
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1995-12-21 12:39:25 +00:00
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consists of integers, strings, and opaques.
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1997-10-20 12:53:54 +00:00
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.Nm Sysctl
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1995-12-21 12:39:25 +00:00
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only knows about a couple of opaque types, and will resort to hexdumps
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for the rest.
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The opaque information is much more useful if retrieved by special
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1994-05-26 05:23:31 +00:00
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purpose programs such as
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.Nm ps ,
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.Nm systat ,
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and
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.Nm netstat .
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1995-12-21 12:39:25 +00:00
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.Pp
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1996-01-30 13:52:50 +00:00
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The string and integer information is summarized below.
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1994-05-26 05:23:31 +00:00
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For a detailed description of these variable see
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.Xr sysctl 3 .
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1995-12-21 12:39:25 +00:00
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.Pp
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1994-05-26 05:23:31 +00:00
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The changeable column indicates whether a process with appropriate
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privilege can change the value.
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.Bl -column net.inet.ip.forwardingxxxxxx integerxxx
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2000-12-19 15:36:48 +00:00
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.It Sy "Name Type Changeable
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.It "kern.ostype string no
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.It "kern.osrelease string no
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.It "kern.osrevision integer no
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.It "kern.version string no
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.It "kern.maxvnodes integer yes
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.It "kern.maxproc integer no
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.It "kern.maxprocperuid integer yes
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.It "kern.maxfiles integer yes
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.It "kern.maxfilesperproc integer yes
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.It "kern.argmax integer no
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.It "kern.suser_permitted integer yes
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.It "kern.securelevel integer raise only
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.It "kern.hostname string yes
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.It "kern.hostid integer yes
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.It "kern.clockrate struct no
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.It "kern.posix1version integer no
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.It "kern.ngroups integer no
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.It "kern.job_control integer no
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.It "kern.saved_ids integer no
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.It "kern.boottime struct no
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.It "kern.domainname string yes
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.It "kern.filedelay integer yes
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.It "kern.dirdelay integer yes
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.It "kern.metadelay integer yes
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.It "kern.osreldate string no
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.It "kern.bootfile string yes
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.It "kern.corefile string yes
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.It "kern.logsigexit integer yes
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.It "vm.loadavg struct no
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.It "hw.machine string no
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.It "hw.model string no
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.It "hw.ncpu integer no
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.It "hw.byteorder integer no
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.It "hw.physmem integer no
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.It "hw.usermem integer no
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.It "hw.pagesize integer no
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.It "hw.floatingpoint integer no
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.It "hw.machine_arch string no
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.It "machdep.console_device dev_t no
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.It "machdep.adjkerntz integer yes
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.It "machdep.disable_rtc_set integer yes
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.It "user.cs_path string no
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.It "user.bc_base_max integer no
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.It "user.bc_dim_max integer no
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.It "user.bc_scale_max integer no
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.It "user.bc_string_max integer no
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.It "user.coll_weights_max integer no
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.It "user.expr_nest_max integer no
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.It "user.line_max integer no
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.It "user.re_dup_max integer no
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.It "user.posix2_version integer no
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.It "user.posix2_c_bind integer no
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.It "user.posix2_c_dev integer no
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.It "user.posix2_char_term integer no
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.It "user.posix2_fort_dev integer no
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.It "user.posix2_fort_run integer no
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.It "user.posix2_localedef integer no
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.It "user.posix2_sw_dev integer no
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.It "user.posix2_upe integer no
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.It "user.stream_max integer no
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.It "user.tzname_max integer no
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1994-05-26 05:23:31 +00:00
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.El
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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For example, to retrieve the maximum number of processes allowed
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2000-02-26 16:55:21 +00:00
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in the system, one would use the following request:
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1994-05-26 05:23:31 +00:00
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.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
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sysctl kern.maxproc
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.Ed
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.Pp
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To set the maximum number of processes allowed
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2000-02-26 16:55:21 +00:00
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per uid to 1000, one would use the following request:
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1994-05-26 05:23:31 +00:00
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.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
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1998-09-29 02:01:06 +00:00
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sysctl -w kern.maxprocperuid=1000
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1994-05-26 05:23:31 +00:00
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Information about the system clock rate may be obtained with:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
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sysctl kern.clockrate
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.Ed
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.Pp
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1997-10-20 12:53:54 +00:00
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Information about the load average history may be obtained with:
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1994-05-26 05:23:31 +00:00
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.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
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sysctl vm.loadavg
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.Ed
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1995-12-21 12:39:25 +00:00
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.Pp
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More variables than these exist, and the best and likely only place
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to search for their deeper meaning is undoubtedly the source where
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they are defined.
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1994-05-26 05:23:31 +00:00
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width <netinet/icmpXvar.h> -compact
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.It Pa <sys/sysctl.h>
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definitions for top level identifiers, second level kernel and hardware
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identifiers, and user level identifiers
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.It Pa <sys/socket.h>
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definitions for second level network identifiers
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.It Pa <sys/gmon.h>
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definitions for third level profiling identifiers
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.It Pa <vm/vm_param.h>
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definitions for second level virtual memory identifiers
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.It Pa <netinet/in.h>
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definitions for third level Internet identifiers and
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fourth level IP identifiers
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.It Pa <netinet/icmp_var.h>
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definitions for fourth level ICMP identifiers
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.It Pa <netinet/udp_var.h>
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definitions for fourth level UDP identifiers
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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2000-12-14 16:24:38 +00:00
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.Xr sysctl 3 ,
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.Xr blackhole 4 ,
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2000-07-27 22:57:46 +00:00
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.Xr sysctl.conf 5
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1995-12-21 12:39:25 +00:00
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.Sh BUGS
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1997-10-20 12:53:54 +00:00
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.Nm Sysctl
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1995-12-21 12:39:25 +00:00
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presently exploits an undocumented interface to the kernel
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1996-01-30 13:52:50 +00:00
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sysctl facility to traverse the sysctl tree and to retrieve format
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1995-12-21 12:39:25 +00:00
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and name information.
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This correct interface is being thought about for the time being.
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1994-05-26 05:23:31 +00:00
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.Sh HISTORY
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1997-10-20 12:53:54 +00:00
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.Nm Sysctl
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1996-08-23 00:57:08 +00:00
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first appeared in
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.Bx 4.4 .
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1995-12-21 12:39:25 +00:00
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.Pp
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1996-08-23 00:57:08 +00:00
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In
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1997-10-20 12:53:54 +00:00
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.Fx 2.2 ,
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.Nm
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1996-08-23 00:57:08 +00:00
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was significantly remodeled.
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