1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)ping.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/11/93
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1999-08-28 00:22:10 +00:00
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.\"
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2002-10-02 03:24:27 +00:00
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.Dd October 2, 2002
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.Dt PING 8
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2001-07-10 11:04:34 +00:00
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.Os
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm ping
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.Nd send
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.Tn ICMP ECHO_REQUEST
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packets to network hosts
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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2000-11-20 16:52:27 +00:00
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.Nm
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2002-10-02 03:24:27 +00:00
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.Op Fl AQRadfnoqrv
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.Op Fl c Ar count
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.Op Fl i Ar wait
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.Op Fl l Ar preload
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2001-03-09 13:20:23 +00:00
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.Op Fl m Ar ttl
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.Op Fl p Ar pattern
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2000-01-06 12:40:54 +00:00
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.Op Fl P Ar policy
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.Op Fl s Ar packetsize
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1999-01-06 07:54:28 +00:00
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.Op Fl S Ar src_addr
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2000-01-20 20:48:51 +00:00
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.Op Fl t Ar timeout
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1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
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.Bo
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.Ar host |
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1997-03-02 06:32:42 +00:00
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.Op Fl L
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.Op Fl I Ar interface
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.Op Fl T Ar ttl
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.Ar mcast-group
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1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
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.Bc
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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2002-07-06 19:34:18 +00:00
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The
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.Nm
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utility uses the
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.Tn ICMP
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1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
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.No protocol Ap s mandatory
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.Tn ECHO_REQUEST
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datagram to elicit an
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.Tn ICMP ECHO_RESPONSE
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from a host or gateway.
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.Tn ECHO_REQUEST
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1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
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datagrams
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.Pq Dq pings
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have an IP and
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.Tn ICMP
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1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
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header, followed by a
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.Dq struct timeval
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1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
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and then an arbitrary number of
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.Dq pad
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bytes used to fill out the packet. The options are as follows:
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1998-07-15 06:45:02 +00:00
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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2001-05-24 09:17:52 +00:00
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.It Fl A
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Audible.
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2001-09-25 20:22:33 +00:00
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Output a bell
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2001-08-07 15:48:51 +00:00
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.Tn ( ASCII
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0x07)
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2001-09-25 20:22:33 +00:00
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character when no packet is received before the next packet
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2001-05-24 09:17:52 +00:00
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is transmitted.
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2001-09-25 20:22:33 +00:00
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To cater for round-trip times that are longer than the interval
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between transmissions, further missing packets cause a bell only
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if the maximum number of unreceived packets has increased.
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1997-02-08 01:43:56 +00:00
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.It Fl a
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2000-03-01 11:27:47 +00:00
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Audible.
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Include a bell
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2001-08-07 15:48:51 +00:00
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.Tn ( ASCII
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0x07)
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2000-03-01 11:27:47 +00:00
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character in the output when any packet is received.
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This option is ignored
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1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
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if other format options are present.
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.It Fl c Ar count
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1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
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Stop after sending
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2001-08-07 15:48:51 +00:00
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(and receiving)
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.Ar count
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.Tn ECHO_RESPONSE
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1998-11-29 13:20:04 +00:00
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packets.
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If this option is not specified,
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.Nm
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will operate until interrupted.
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.It Fl d
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Set the
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.Dv SO_DEBUG
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option on the socket being used.
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.It Fl f
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Flood ping.
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Outputs packets as fast as they come back or one hundred times per second,
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whichever is more.
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For every
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.Tn ECHO_REQUEST
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2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
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sent a period
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2000-12-18 15:16:24 +00:00
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.Dq .\&
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1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
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is printed, while for every
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.Tn ECHO_REPLY
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1998-11-29 13:20:04 +00:00
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received a backspace is printed.
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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This provides a rapid display of how many packets are being dropped.
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Only the super-user may use this option.
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.Bf -emphasis
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This can be very hard on a network and should be used with caution.
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.Ef
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.It Fl i Ar wait
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Wait
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.Ar wait
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seconds
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.Em between sending each packet .
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1998-11-29 13:20:04 +00:00
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The default is to wait for one second between each packet.
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The wait time may be fractional, but only the super-user may specify
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2002-12-24 16:52:31 +00:00
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values less than 1 second.
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1998-11-29 13:20:04 +00:00
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This option is incompatible with the
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.Fl f
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option.
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1996-12-15 23:41:29 +00:00
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.It Fl I Ar interface
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Source multicast packets with the given interface address.
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This flag only applies if the ping destination is a multicast address.
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.It Fl l Ar preload
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If
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.Ar preload
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is specified,
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1998-07-15 06:45:02 +00:00
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.Nm
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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sends that many packets as fast as possible before falling into its normal
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mode of behavior.
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1997-03-02 20:01:13 +00:00
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Only the super-user may use this option.
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2001-03-09 13:20:23 +00:00
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.It Fl m Ar ttl
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Set the IP Time To Live for outgoing packets.
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If not specified, the kernel uses the value of the
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.Va net.inet.ip.ttl
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MIB variable.
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1996-12-15 23:41:29 +00:00
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.It Fl L
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Suppress loopback of multicast packets.
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This flag only applies if the ping destination is a multicast address.
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.It Fl n
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Numeric output only.
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No attempt will be made to lookup symbolic names for host addresses.
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2002-10-02 03:24:27 +00:00
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.It Fl o
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Exit successfully after receiving one reply packet.
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.It Fl p Ar pattern
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1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
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You may specify up to 16
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.Dq pad
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bytes to fill out the packet you send.
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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This is useful for diagnosing data-dependent problems in a network.
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For example,
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.Dq Li \-p ff
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will cause the sent packet to be filled with all
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ones.
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2000-01-06 12:40:54 +00:00
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.It Fl P Ar policy
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.Ar policy
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specifies IPsec policy for the ping session.
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For details please refer to
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.Xr ipsec 4
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and
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.Xr ipsec_set_policy 3 .
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1996-08-20 23:50:16 +00:00
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.It Fl Q
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Somewhat quiet output.
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1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
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.No Don Ap t
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display ICMP error messages that are in response to our query messages.
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1996-08-20 23:50:16 +00:00
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Originally, the
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.Fl v
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flag was required to display such errors, but
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.Fl v
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displays all ICMP error messages. On a busy machine, this output can
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be overbearing. Without the
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.Fl Q
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2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
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flag,
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1996-08-20 23:50:16 +00:00
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.Nm
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prints out any ICMP error messages caused by its own ECHO_REQUEST
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messages.
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.It Fl q
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Quiet output.
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Nothing is displayed except the summary lines at startup time and
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when finished.
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.It Fl R
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Record route.
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Includes the
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.Tn RECORD_ROUTE
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option in the
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.Tn ECHO_REQUEST
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packet and displays
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the route buffer on returned packets.
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1997-03-01 20:19:18 +00:00
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Note that the IP header is only large enough for nine such routes;
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the
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.Xr traceroute 8
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command is usually better at determining the route packets take to a
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particular destination.
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1998-04-01 00:32:18 +00:00
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If more routes come back than should, such as due to an illegal spoofed
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packet, ping will print the route list and then truncate it at the correct
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spot.
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1997-03-01 20:19:18 +00:00
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Many hosts ignore or discard the
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.Tn RECORD_ROUTE
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option.
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.It Fl r
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Bypass the normal routing tables and send directly to a host on an attached
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network.
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If the host is not on a directly-attached network, an error is returned.
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This option can be used to ping a local host through an interface
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2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
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that has no route through it
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2001-08-07 15:48:51 +00:00
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(e.g., after the interface was dropped by
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.Xr routed 8 ) .
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.It Fl s Ar packetsize
|
2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
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Specify the number of data bytes to be sent.
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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The default is 56, which translates into 64
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.Tn ICMP
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data bytes when combined
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with the 8 bytes of
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.Tn ICMP
|
1998-11-29 13:20:04 +00:00
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header data.
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Only the super-user may use this option.
|
1999-02-19 07:40:59 +00:00
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.It Fl S Ar src_addr
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Use the following IP address as the source address in outgoing packets.
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On hosts with more than one IP address, this option can be used to
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force the source address to be something other than the IP address
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of the interface the probe packet is sent on. If the IP address
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is not one of this machine's interface addresses, an error is
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returned and nothing is sent.
|
2000-01-14 23:40:38 +00:00
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.It Fl t Ar timeout
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Specify a timeout, in seconds, before ping exits regardless of how
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many packets have been recieved.
|
1996-12-15 23:41:29 +00:00
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.It Fl T Ar ttl
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Set the IP Time To Live for multicasted packets.
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This flag only applies if the ping destination is a multicast address.
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
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.It Fl v
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Verbose output.
|
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.Tn ICMP
|
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packets other than
|
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.Tn ECHO_RESPONSE
|
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that are received are listed.
|
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.El
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.Pp
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When using
|
1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
|
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.Nm
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
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for fault isolation, it should first be run on the local host, to verify
|
|
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|
that the local network interface is up and running.
|
2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
|
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Then, hosts and gateways further and further away should be
|
1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
|
|
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.Dq pinged .
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
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Round-trip times and packet loss statistics are computed.
|
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If duplicate packets are received, they are not included in the packet
|
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|
loss calculation, although the round trip time of these packets is used
|
1997-07-18 17:52:05 +00:00
|
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in calculating the round-trip time statistics.
|
1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
|
|
|
When the specified number of packets have been sent
|
2001-08-07 15:48:51 +00:00
|
|
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(and received)
|
1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
|
|
|
or if the program is terminated with a
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Dv SIGINT ,
|
1997-07-18 17:52:05 +00:00
|
|
|
a brief summary is displayed, showing the number of packets sent and
|
2002-02-07 16:47:22 +00:00
|
|
|
received, and the minimum, mean, maximum, and standard deviation of
|
1997-07-18 17:52:05 +00:00
|
|
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the round-trip times.
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
2002-02-07 16:47:22 +00:00
|
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If
|
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.Nm
|
|
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receives a
|
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.Dv SIGINFO
|
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(see the
|
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.Cm status
|
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argument for
|
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.Xr stty 1 )
|
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signal, the current number of packets sent and received, and the
|
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minimum, mean, and maximum of the round-trip times will be written to
|
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the standard error output.
|
|
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|
.Pp
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
This program is intended for use in network testing, measurement and
|
|
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|
management.
|
|
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|
Because of the load it can impose on the network, it is unwise to use
|
1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
|
|
|
.Nm
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
during normal operations or from automated scripts.
|
|
|
|
.Sh ICMP PACKET DETAILS
|
|
|
|
An IP header without options is 20 bytes.
|
|
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|
An
|
|
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|
.Tn ICMP
|
|
|
|
.Tn ECHO_REQUEST
|
1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
|
|
|
packet contains an additional 8 bytes worth of
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Tn ICMP
|
|
|
|
header followed by an arbitrary amount of data.
|
|
|
|
When a
|
|
|
|
.Ar packetsize
|
1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
|
|
|
is given, this indicated the size of this extra piece of data
|
2001-08-07 15:48:51 +00:00
|
|
|
(the default is 56).
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
Thus the amount of data received inside of an IP packet of type
|
|
|
|
.Tn ICMP
|
|
|
|
.Tn ECHO_REPLY
|
|
|
|
will always be 8 bytes more than the requested data space
|
2001-08-07 15:48:51 +00:00
|
|
|
(the
|
|
|
|
.Tn ICMP
|
|
|
|
header).
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
If the data space is at least eight bytes large,
|
1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
|
|
|
.Nm
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
uses the first eight bytes of this space to include a timestamp which
|
|
|
|
it uses in the computation of round trip times.
|
|
|
|
If less than eight bytes of pad are specified, no round trip times are
|
|
|
|
given.
|
|
|
|
.Sh DUPLICATE AND DAMAGED PACKETS
|
2002-07-06 19:34:18 +00:00
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
|
|
|
utility will report duplicate and damaged packets.
|
1996-12-15 23:41:29 +00:00
|
|
|
Duplicate packets should never occur when pinging a unicast address,
|
|
|
|
and seem to be caused by
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
inappropriate link-level retransmissions.
|
1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
|
|
|
Duplicates may occur in many situations and are rarely
|
2001-08-07 15:48:51 +00:00
|
|
|
(if ever)
|
1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
|
|
|
a good sign, although the presence of low levels of duplicates may not
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
always be cause for alarm.
|
1996-12-15 23:41:29 +00:00
|
|
|
Duplicates are expected when pinging a broadcast or multicast address,
|
|
|
|
since they are not really duplicates but replies from different hosts
|
|
|
|
to the same request.
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
Damaged packets are obviously serious cause for alarm and often
|
|
|
|
indicate broken hardware somewhere in the
|
1998-07-15 06:45:02 +00:00
|
|
|
.Nm
|
1997-07-18 17:52:05 +00:00
|
|
|
packet's path (in the network or in the hosts).
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh TRYING DIFFERENT DATA PATTERNS
|
1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
|
|
|
The
|
1997-07-18 17:52:05 +00:00
|
|
|
(inter)network
|
1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
|
|
|
layer should never treat packets differently depending on the data
|
|
|
|
contained in the data portion.
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
Unfortunately, data-dependent problems have been known to sneak into
|
|
|
|
networks and remain undetected for long periods of time.
|
|
|
|
In many cases the particular pattern that will have problems is something
|
1997-07-18 17:52:05 +00:00
|
|
|
that does not have sufficient
|
1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
|
|
|
.Dq transitions ,
|
|
|
|
such as all ones or all zeros, or a pattern right at the edge, such as
|
|
|
|
almost all zeros.
|
1997-07-18 17:52:05 +00:00
|
|
|
It is not
|
|
|
|
necessarily enough to specify a data pattern of all zeros (for example)
|
1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
|
|
|
on the command line because the pattern that is of interest is
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
at the data link level, and the relationship between what you type and
|
|
|
|
what the controllers transmit can be complicated.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
This means that if you have a data-dependent problem you will probably
|
|
|
|
have to do a lot of testing to find it.
|
1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
|
|
|
If you are lucky, you may manage to find a file that either
|
1997-07-18 17:52:05 +00:00
|
|
|
cannot
|
1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
|
|
|
be sent across your network or that takes much longer to transfer than
|
|
|
|
other similar length files.
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
You can then examine this file for repeated patterns that you can test
|
|
|
|
using the
|
|
|
|
.Fl p
|
|
|
|
option of
|
2000-11-20 16:52:27 +00:00
|
|
|
.Nm .
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh TTL DETAILS
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Tn TTL
|
|
|
|
value of an IP packet represents the maximum number of IP routers
|
|
|
|
that the packet can go through before being thrown away.
|
|
|
|
In current practice you can expect each router in the Internet to decrement
|
|
|
|
the
|
|
|
|
.Tn TTL
|
|
|
|
field by exactly one.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Tn TCP/IP
|
|
|
|
specification states that the
|
|
|
|
.Tn TTL
|
|
|
|
field for
|
|
|
|
.Tn TCP
|
1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
|
|
|
packets should be set to 60, but many systems use smaller values
|
2001-08-07 15:48:51 +00:00
|
|
|
.No ( Bx 4.3
|
1997-07-18 17:52:05 +00:00
|
|
|
uses 30,
|
|
|
|
.Bx 4.2
|
2001-08-07 15:48:51 +00:00
|
|
|
used 15).
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
1998-07-15 06:45:02 +00:00
|
|
|
The maximum possible value of this field is 255, and most
|
|
|
|
.Ux
|
|
|
|
systems set
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
the
|
|
|
|
.Tn TTL
|
|
|
|
field of
|
|
|
|
.Tn ICMP ECHO_REQUEST
|
|
|
|
packets to 255.
|
2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
|
|
|
This is why you will find you can
|
1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
|
|
|
.Dq ping
|
|
|
|
some hosts, but not reach them with
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr telnet 1
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
|
|
.Xr ftp 1 .
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
1998-07-15 06:45:02 +00:00
|
|
|
In normal operation
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
|
|
|
prints the ttl value from the packet it receives.
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
When a remote system receives a ping packet, it can do one of three things
|
|
|
|
with the
|
|
|
|
.Tn TTL
|
|
|
|
field in its response:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -bullet
|
|
|
|
.It
|
1998-07-15 06:45:02 +00:00
|
|
|
Not change it; this is what
|
|
|
|
.Bx
|
|
|
|
systems did before the
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Bx 4.3 tahoe
|
|
|
|
release.
|
|
|
|
In this case the
|
|
|
|
.Tn TTL
|
|
|
|
value in the received packet will be 255 minus the
|
|
|
|
number of routers in the round-trip path.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
|
|
|
Set it to 255; this is what current
|
1998-07-15 06:45:02 +00:00
|
|
|
.Bx
|
1997-07-18 17:52:05 +00:00
|
|
|
systems do.
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
In this case the
|
|
|
|
.Tn TTL
|
|
|
|
value in the received packet will be 255 minus the
|
|
|
|
number of routers in the path
|
1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em from
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
the remote system
|
|
|
|
.Em to
|
|
|
|
the
|
1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
|
|
|
.Nm Ns Em ing
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
host.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
|
|
Set it to some other value.
|
|
|
|
Some machines use the same value for
|
|
|
|
.Tn ICMP
|
|
|
|
packets that they use for
|
|
|
|
.Tn TCP
|
|
|
|
packets, for example either 30 or 60.
|
|
|
|
Others may use completely wild values.
|
|
|
|
.El
|
1997-03-01 20:19:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh RETURN VALUES
|
|
|
|
The
|
1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
|
|
|
.Nm
|
2002-07-06 19:34:18 +00:00
|
|
|
utility returns an exit status of zero if at least one response was
|
1997-03-01 20:19:18 +00:00
|
|
|
heard from the specified
|
|
|
|
.Ar host ;
|
|
|
|
a status of two if the transmission was successful but no responses
|
|
|
|
were received; or another value
|
2001-08-07 15:48:51 +00:00
|
|
|
(from
|
|
|
|
.Aq Pa sysexits.h )
|
1997-03-01 20:19:18 +00:00
|
|
|
if an error occurred.
|
|
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
|
|
.Xr netstat 1 ,
|
|
|
|
.Xr ifconfig 8 ,
|
|
|
|
.Xr routed 8 ,
|
|
|
|
.Xr traceroute 8
|
|
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
2002-07-06 19:34:18 +00:00
|
|
|
utility appeared in
|
1997-03-01 20:19:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.Bx 4.3 .
|
|
|
|
.Sh AUTHORS
|
|
|
|
The original
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
2002-07-06 19:34:18 +00:00
|
|
|
utility was written by
|
1998-03-19 07:46:04 +00:00
|
|
|
.An Mike Muuss
|
|
|
|
while at the US Army Ballistics
|
1997-03-01 20:19:18 +00:00
|
|
|
Research Laboratory.
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
|
|
Many Hosts and Gateways ignore the
|
|
|
|
.Tn RECORD_ROUTE
|
|
|
|
option.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
The maximum IP header length is too small for options like
|
|
|
|
.Tn RECORD_ROUTE
|
1997-03-02 23:38:05 +00:00
|
|
|
to be completely useful.
|
|
|
|
.No There Ap s
|
|
|
|
not much that can be done about this, however.
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
Flood pinging is not recommended in general, and flood pinging the
|
|
|
|
broadcast address should only be done under very controlled conditions.
|
1996-08-20 23:50:16 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Fl v
|
|
|
|
option is not worth much on busy hosts.
|