freebsd-dev/sys/dev/null/null.c

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/*-
* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
*
* Copyright (c) 2000 Mark R. V. Murray & Jeroen C. van Gelderen
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* Copyright (c) 2001-2004 Mark R. V. Murray
* Copyright (c) 2014 Eitan Adler
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
* in this position and unchanged.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
* OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
* NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
* THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
*/
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
__FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/conf.h>
#include <sys/uio.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/module.h>
#include <sys/disk.h>
#include <sys/bus.h>
#include <sys/filio.h>
#include <machine/bus.h>
#include <machine/vmparam.h>
/* For use with destroy_dev(9). */
static struct cdev *full_dev;
static struct cdev *null_dev;
static struct cdev *zero_dev;
static d_write_t full_write;
static d_write_t null_write;
Here follows the new kernel dumping infrastructure. Caveats: The new savecore program is not complete in the sense that it emulates enough of the old savecores features to do the job, but implements none of the options yet. I would appreciate if a userland hacker could help me out getting savecore to do what we want it to do from a users point of view, compression, email-notification, space reservation etc etc. (send me email if you are interested). Currently, savecore will scan all devices marked as "swap" or "dump" in /etc/fstab _or_ any devices specified on the command-line. All architectures but i386 lack an implementation of dumpsys(), but looking at the i386 version it should be trivial for anybody familiar with the platform(s) to provide this function. Documentation is quite sparse at this time, more to come. Details: ATA and SCSI drivers should work as the dump formatting code has been removed. The IDA, TWE and AAC have not yet been converted. Dumpon now opens the device and uses ioctl(DIOCGKERNELDUMP) to set the device as dumpdev. To implement the "off" argument, /dev/null is used as the device. Savecore will fail if handed any options since they are not (yet) implemented. All devices marked "dump" or "swap" in /etc/fstab will be scanned and dumps found will be saved to diskfiles named from the MD5 hash of the header record. The header record is dumped in readable format in the .info file. The kernel is not saved. Only complete dumps will be saved. All maintainer rights for this code are disclaimed: feel free to improve and extend. Sponsored by: DARPA, NAI Labs
2002-03-31 22:37:00 +00:00
static d_ioctl_t null_ioctl;
static d_ioctl_t zero_ioctl;
static d_read_t zero_read;
static struct cdevsw full_cdevsw = {
.d_version = D_VERSION,
.d_read = zero_read,
.d_write = full_write,
.d_ioctl = zero_ioctl,
.d_name = "full",
};
static struct cdevsw null_cdevsw = {
.d_version = D_VERSION,
.d_read = (d_read_t *)nullop,
.d_write = null_write,
.d_ioctl = null_ioctl,
.d_name = "null",
};
static struct cdevsw zero_cdevsw = {
.d_version = D_VERSION,
.d_read = zero_read,
.d_write = null_write,
.d_ioctl = zero_ioctl,
.d_name = "zero",
.d_flags = D_MMAP_ANON,
};
/* ARGSUSED */
static int
full_write(struct cdev *dev __unused, struct uio *uio __unused, int flags __unused)
{
return (ENOSPC);
}
/* ARGSUSED */
static int
null_write(struct cdev *dev __unused, struct uio *uio, int flags __unused)
{
uio->uio_resid = 0;
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return (0);
}
/* ARGSUSED */
Here follows the new kernel dumping infrastructure. Caveats: The new savecore program is not complete in the sense that it emulates enough of the old savecores features to do the job, but implements none of the options yet. I would appreciate if a userland hacker could help me out getting savecore to do what we want it to do from a users point of view, compression, email-notification, space reservation etc etc. (send me email if you are interested). Currently, savecore will scan all devices marked as "swap" or "dump" in /etc/fstab _or_ any devices specified on the command-line. All architectures but i386 lack an implementation of dumpsys(), but looking at the i386 version it should be trivial for anybody familiar with the platform(s) to provide this function. Documentation is quite sparse at this time, more to come. Details: ATA and SCSI drivers should work as the dump formatting code has been removed. The IDA, TWE and AAC have not yet been converted. Dumpon now opens the device and uses ioctl(DIOCGKERNELDUMP) to set the device as dumpdev. To implement the "off" argument, /dev/null is used as the device. Savecore will fail if handed any options since they are not (yet) implemented. All devices marked "dump" or "swap" in /etc/fstab will be scanned and dumps found will be saved to diskfiles named from the MD5 hash of the header record. The header record is dumped in readable format in the .info file. The kernel is not saved. Only complete dumps will be saved. All maintainer rights for this code are disclaimed: feel free to improve and extend. Sponsored by: DARPA, NAI Labs
2002-03-31 22:37:00 +00:00
static int
null_ioctl(struct cdev *dev __unused, u_long cmd, caddr_t data __unused,
int flags __unused, struct thread *td)
Here follows the new kernel dumping infrastructure. Caveats: The new savecore program is not complete in the sense that it emulates enough of the old savecores features to do the job, but implements none of the options yet. I would appreciate if a userland hacker could help me out getting savecore to do what we want it to do from a users point of view, compression, email-notification, space reservation etc etc. (send me email if you are interested). Currently, savecore will scan all devices marked as "swap" or "dump" in /etc/fstab _or_ any devices specified on the command-line. All architectures but i386 lack an implementation of dumpsys(), but looking at the i386 version it should be trivial for anybody familiar with the platform(s) to provide this function. Documentation is quite sparse at this time, more to come. Details: ATA and SCSI drivers should work as the dump formatting code has been removed. The IDA, TWE and AAC have not yet been converted. Dumpon now opens the device and uses ioctl(DIOCGKERNELDUMP) to set the device as dumpdev. To implement the "off" argument, /dev/null is used as the device. Savecore will fail if handed any options since they are not (yet) implemented. All devices marked "dump" or "swap" in /etc/fstab will be scanned and dumps found will be saved to diskfiles named from the MD5 hash of the header record. The header record is dumped in readable format in the .info file. The kernel is not saved. Only complete dumps will be saved. All maintainer rights for this code are disclaimed: feel free to improve and extend. Sponsored by: DARPA, NAI Labs
2002-03-31 22:37:00 +00:00
{
struct diocskerneldump_arg kda;
Here follows the new kernel dumping infrastructure. Caveats: The new savecore program is not complete in the sense that it emulates enough of the old savecores features to do the job, but implements none of the options yet. I would appreciate if a userland hacker could help me out getting savecore to do what we want it to do from a users point of view, compression, email-notification, space reservation etc etc. (send me email if you are interested). Currently, savecore will scan all devices marked as "swap" or "dump" in /etc/fstab _or_ any devices specified on the command-line. All architectures but i386 lack an implementation of dumpsys(), but looking at the i386 version it should be trivial for anybody familiar with the platform(s) to provide this function. Documentation is quite sparse at this time, more to come. Details: ATA and SCSI drivers should work as the dump formatting code has been removed. The IDA, TWE and AAC have not yet been converted. Dumpon now opens the device and uses ioctl(DIOCGKERNELDUMP) to set the device as dumpdev. To implement the "off" argument, /dev/null is used as the device. Savecore will fail if handed any options since they are not (yet) implemented. All devices marked "dump" or "swap" in /etc/fstab will be scanned and dumps found will be saved to diskfiles named from the MD5 hash of the header record. The header record is dumped in readable format in the .info file. The kernel is not saved. Only complete dumps will be saved. All maintainer rights for this code are disclaimed: feel free to improve and extend. Sponsored by: DARPA, NAI Labs
2002-03-31 22:37:00 +00:00
int error;
error = 0;
switch (cmd) {
Add support for encrypted kernel crash dumps. Changes include modifications in kernel crash dump routines, dumpon(8) and savecore(8). A new tool called decryptcore(8) was added. A new DIOCSKERNELDUMP I/O control was added to send a kernel crash dump configuration in the diocskerneldump_arg structure to the kernel. The old DIOCSKERNELDUMP I/O control was renamed to DIOCSKERNELDUMP_FREEBSD11 for backward ABI compatibility. dumpon(8) generates an one-time random symmetric key and encrypts it using an RSA public key in capability mode. Currently only AES-256-CBC is supported but EKCD was designed to implement support for other algorithms in the future. The public key is chosen using the -k flag. The dumpon rc(8) script can do this automatically during startup using the dumppubkey rc.conf(5) variable. Once the keys are calculated dumpon sends them to the kernel via DIOCSKERNELDUMP I/O control. When the kernel receives the DIOCSKERNELDUMP I/O control it generates a random IV and sets up the key schedule for the specified algorithm. Each time the kernel tries to write a crash dump to the dump device, the IV is replaced by a SHA-256 hash of the previous value. This is intended to make a possible differential cryptanalysis harder since it is possible to write multiple crash dumps without reboot by repeating the following commands: # sysctl debug.kdb.enter=1 db> call doadump(0) db> continue # savecore A kernel dump key consists of an algorithm identifier, an IV and an encrypted symmetric key. The kernel dump key size is included in a kernel dump header. The size is an unsigned 32-bit integer and it is aligned to a block size. The header structure has 512 bytes to match the block size so it was required to make a panic string 4 bytes shorter to add a new field to the header structure. If the kernel dump key size in the header is nonzero it is assumed that the kernel dump key is placed after the first header on the dump device and the core dump is encrypted. Separate functions were implemented to write the kernel dump header and the kernel dump key as they need to be unencrypted. The dump_write function encrypts data if the kernel was compiled with the EKCD option. Encrypted kernel textdumps are not supported due to the way they are constructed which makes it impossible to use the CBC mode for encryption. It should be also noted that textdumps don't contain sensitive data by design as a user decides what information should be dumped. savecore(8) writes the kernel dump key to a key.# file if its size in the header is nonzero. # is the number of the current core dump. decryptcore(8) decrypts the core dump using a private RSA key and the kernel dump key. This is performed by a child process in capability mode. If the decryption was not successful the parent process removes a partially decrypted core dump. Description on how to encrypt crash dumps was added to the decryptcore(8), dumpon(8), rc.conf(5) and savecore(8) manual pages. EKCD was tested on amd64 using bhyve and i386, mipsel and sparc64 using QEMU. The feature still has to be tested on arm and arm64 as it wasn't possible to run FreeBSD due to the problems with QEMU emulation and lack of hardware. Designed by: def, pjd Reviewed by: cem, oshogbo, pjd Partial review: delphij, emaste, jhb, kib Approved by: pjd (mentor) Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4712
2016-12-10 16:20:39 +00:00
#ifdef COMPAT_FREEBSD11
case DIOCSKERNELDUMP_FREEBSD11:
gone_in(13, "FreeBSD 11.x ABI compat");
/* FALLTHROUGH */
#endif
#ifdef COMPAT_FREEBSD12
case DIOCSKERNELDUMP_FREEBSD12:
if (cmd == DIOCSKERNELDUMP_FREEBSD12)
gone_in(14, "FreeBSD 12.x ABI compat");
/* FALLTHROUGH */
Add support for encrypted kernel crash dumps. Changes include modifications in kernel crash dump routines, dumpon(8) and savecore(8). A new tool called decryptcore(8) was added. A new DIOCSKERNELDUMP I/O control was added to send a kernel crash dump configuration in the diocskerneldump_arg structure to the kernel. The old DIOCSKERNELDUMP I/O control was renamed to DIOCSKERNELDUMP_FREEBSD11 for backward ABI compatibility. dumpon(8) generates an one-time random symmetric key and encrypts it using an RSA public key in capability mode. Currently only AES-256-CBC is supported but EKCD was designed to implement support for other algorithms in the future. The public key is chosen using the -k flag. The dumpon rc(8) script can do this automatically during startup using the dumppubkey rc.conf(5) variable. Once the keys are calculated dumpon sends them to the kernel via DIOCSKERNELDUMP I/O control. When the kernel receives the DIOCSKERNELDUMP I/O control it generates a random IV and sets up the key schedule for the specified algorithm. Each time the kernel tries to write a crash dump to the dump device, the IV is replaced by a SHA-256 hash of the previous value. This is intended to make a possible differential cryptanalysis harder since it is possible to write multiple crash dumps without reboot by repeating the following commands: # sysctl debug.kdb.enter=1 db> call doadump(0) db> continue # savecore A kernel dump key consists of an algorithm identifier, an IV and an encrypted symmetric key. The kernel dump key size is included in a kernel dump header. The size is an unsigned 32-bit integer and it is aligned to a block size. The header structure has 512 bytes to match the block size so it was required to make a panic string 4 bytes shorter to add a new field to the header structure. If the kernel dump key size in the header is nonzero it is assumed that the kernel dump key is placed after the first header on the dump device and the core dump is encrypted. Separate functions were implemented to write the kernel dump header and the kernel dump key as they need to be unencrypted. The dump_write function encrypts data if the kernel was compiled with the EKCD option. Encrypted kernel textdumps are not supported due to the way they are constructed which makes it impossible to use the CBC mode for encryption. It should be also noted that textdumps don't contain sensitive data by design as a user decides what information should be dumped. savecore(8) writes the kernel dump key to a key.# file if its size in the header is nonzero. # is the number of the current core dump. decryptcore(8) decrypts the core dump using a private RSA key and the kernel dump key. This is performed by a child process in capability mode. If the decryption was not successful the parent process removes a partially decrypted core dump. Description on how to encrypt crash dumps was added to the decryptcore(8), dumpon(8), rc.conf(5) and savecore(8) manual pages. EKCD was tested on amd64 using bhyve and i386, mipsel and sparc64 using QEMU. The feature still has to be tested on arm and arm64 as it wasn't possible to run FreeBSD due to the problems with QEMU emulation and lack of hardware. Designed by: def, pjd Reviewed by: cem, oshogbo, pjd Partial review: delphij, emaste, jhb, kib Approved by: pjd (mentor) Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4712
2016-12-10 16:20:39 +00:00
#endif
case DIOCSKERNELDUMP:
bzero(&kda, sizeof(kda));
kda.kda_index = KDA_REMOVE_ALL;
error = dumper_remove(NULL, &kda);
break;
case FIONBIO:
break;
case FIOASYNC:
if (*(int *)data != 0)
error = EINVAL;
break;
default:
error = ENOIOCTL;
}
return (error);
Here follows the new kernel dumping infrastructure. Caveats: The new savecore program is not complete in the sense that it emulates enough of the old savecores features to do the job, but implements none of the options yet. I would appreciate if a userland hacker could help me out getting savecore to do what we want it to do from a users point of view, compression, email-notification, space reservation etc etc. (send me email if you are interested). Currently, savecore will scan all devices marked as "swap" or "dump" in /etc/fstab _or_ any devices specified on the command-line. All architectures but i386 lack an implementation of dumpsys(), but looking at the i386 version it should be trivial for anybody familiar with the platform(s) to provide this function. Documentation is quite sparse at this time, more to come. Details: ATA and SCSI drivers should work as the dump formatting code has been removed. The IDA, TWE and AAC have not yet been converted. Dumpon now opens the device and uses ioctl(DIOCGKERNELDUMP) to set the device as dumpdev. To implement the "off" argument, /dev/null is used as the device. Savecore will fail if handed any options since they are not (yet) implemented. All devices marked "dump" or "swap" in /etc/fstab will be scanned and dumps found will be saved to diskfiles named from the MD5 hash of the header record. The header record is dumped in readable format in the .info file. The kernel is not saved. Only complete dumps will be saved. All maintainer rights for this code are disclaimed: feel free to improve and extend. Sponsored by: DARPA, NAI Labs
2002-03-31 22:37:00 +00:00
}
/* ARGSUSED */
static int
zero_ioctl(struct cdev *dev __unused, u_long cmd, caddr_t data __unused,
int flags __unused, struct thread *td)
{
int error;
error = 0;
switch (cmd) {
case FIONBIO:
break;
case FIOASYNC:
if (*(int *)data != 0)
error = EINVAL;
break;
default:
error = ENOIOCTL;
}
return (error);
}
/* ARGSUSED */
static int
zero_read(struct cdev *dev __unused, struct uio *uio, int flags __unused)
{
void *zbuf;
ssize_t len;
int error = 0;
KASSERT(uio->uio_rw == UIO_READ,
("Can't be in %s for write", __func__));
zbuf = __DECONST(void *, zero_region);
while (uio->uio_resid > 0 && error == 0) {
len = uio->uio_resid;
if (len > ZERO_REGION_SIZE)
len = ZERO_REGION_SIZE;
error = uiomove(zbuf, len, uio);
}
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return (error);
}
/* ARGSUSED */
static int
null_modevent(module_t mod __unused, int type, void *data __unused)
{
switch(type) {
case MOD_LOAD:
if (bootverbose)
printf("null: <full device, null device, zero device>\n");
full_dev = make_dev_credf(MAKEDEV_ETERNAL_KLD, &full_cdevsw, 0,
NULL, UID_ROOT, GID_WHEEL, 0666, "full");
null_dev = make_dev_credf(MAKEDEV_ETERNAL_KLD, &null_cdevsw, 0,
NULL, UID_ROOT, GID_WHEEL, 0666, "null");
zero_dev = make_dev_credf(MAKEDEV_ETERNAL_KLD, &zero_cdevsw, 0,
NULL, UID_ROOT, GID_WHEEL, 0666, "zero");
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break;
case MOD_UNLOAD:
destroy_dev(full_dev);
destroy_dev(null_dev);
destroy_dev(zero_dev);
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break;
case MOD_SHUTDOWN:
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break;
default:
return (EOPNOTSUPP);
}
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return (0);
}
DEV_MODULE(null, null_modevent, NULL);
MODULE_VERSION(null, 1);