1999-08-27 23:15:48 +00:00
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Dd May 21, 1993
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.Dt ED 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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1994-03-23 04:36:59 +00:00
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.\" ed, red \- text editor
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2000-01-10 12:20:30 +00:00
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.Nm ed ,
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.Nm red
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Nd text editor
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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2000-11-20 11:39:41 +00:00
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.Nm
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Op Fl
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.Op Fl sx
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.Op Fl p Ar string
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.Op Ar file
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1994-03-23 04:36:59 +00:00
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.\" .LP
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.\" red [-] [-sx] [-p \fIstring\fR] [\fIfile\fR]
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm Ed
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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is a line-oriented text editor.
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It is used to create, display, modify and otherwise manipulate text
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files.
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1994-03-23 04:36:59 +00:00
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.\" .B red
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.\" is a restricted
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.\" .BR ed :
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.\" it can only edit files in the current
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.\" directory and cannot execute shell commands.
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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If invoked with a
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Ar file
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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argument, then a copy of
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Ar file
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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is read into the editor's buffer.
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Changes are made to this copy and not directly to
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Ar file
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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itself.
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Upon quitting
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.Nm ,
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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any changes not explicitly saved with a
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em w
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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command are lost.
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Editing is done in two distinct modes:
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em command
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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and
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em input .
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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When first invoked,
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Nm
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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is in command mode.
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In this mode commands are read from the standard input and
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executed to manipulate the contents of the editor buffer.
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A typical command might look like:
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Pp
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.Sm off
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.Cm ,s No / Em old Xo
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.No / Em new
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.No / Cm g
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.Xc
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.Sm on
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.Pp
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which replaces all occurrences of the string
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em old
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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with
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em new .
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.Pp
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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When an input command, such as
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em a
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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(append),
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em i
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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(insert) or
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em c
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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(change), is given,
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Nm
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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enters input mode. This is the primary means
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of adding text to a file.
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In this mode, no commands are available;
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instead, the standard input is written
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directly to the editor buffer. Lines consist of text up to and
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including a
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em newline
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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character.
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Input mode is terminated by
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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entering a single period
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.Pf ( Em . Ns )
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on a line.
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.Pp
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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All
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Nm
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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commands operate on whole lines or ranges of lines; e.g.,
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the
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em d
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command deletes lines; the
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em m
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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command moves lines, and so on.
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It is possible to modify only a portion of a line by means of replacement,
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as in the example above. However even here, the
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em s
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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command is applied to whole lines at a time.
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Pp
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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In general,
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Nm
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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commands consist of zero or more line addresses, followed by a single
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character command and possibly additional parameters; i.e.,
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commands have the structure:
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Pp
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.Sm off
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.Xo Op "address\ " Op ,address
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.No command Op parameters
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.Xc
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.Sm on
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.Pp
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1993-06-26 06:47:21 +00:00
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The address(es) indicate the line or range of lines to be affected by the
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command. If fewer addresses are given than the command accepts, then
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default addresses are supplied.
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Sh OPTIONS
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The following options are available:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl s
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Suppress diagnostics.
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This should be used if
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Nm Ns 's
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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standard input is from a script.
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.It Fl x
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Prompt for an encryption key to be used in subsequent reads and writes
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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(see the
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em x
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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command).
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.It Fl p Ar string
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Specify a command prompt. This may be toggled on and off with the
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.Em P
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command.
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.It Ar file
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Specify the name of a file to read. If
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.Ar file
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is prefixed with a
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bang (!), then it is interpreted as a shell command. In this case,
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what is read is
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the standard output of
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Ar file
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executed via
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.Xr sh 1 .
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To read a file whose name begins with a bang, prefix the
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name with a backslash (\\).
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The default filename is set to
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Ar file
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only if it is not prefixed with a bang.
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.El
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.Sh LINE ADDRESSING
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1994-02-01 00:36:28 +00:00
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An address represents the number of a line in the buffer.
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Nm Ed
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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maintains a
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em current address
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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which is
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typically supplied to commands as the default address when none is specified.
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When a file is first read, the current address is set to the last line
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of the file. In general, the current address is set to the last line
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affected by a command.
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Pp
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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A line address is
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constructed from one of the bases in the list below, optionally followed
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by a numeric offset. The offset may include any combination
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of digits, operators (i.e.,
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em + ,
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.Em -
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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and
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.Em ^ )
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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and whitespace.
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Addresses are read from left to right, and their values are computed
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relative to the current address.
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Pp
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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One exception to the rule that addresses represent line numbers is the
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address
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.Em 0
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(zero).
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This means "before the first line,"
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and is legal wherever it makes sense.
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.Pp
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An address range is two addresses separated either by a comma or
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semi-colon.
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The value of the first address in a range cannot exceed the
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value of the second. If only one address is given in a range, then
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the second address is set to the given address. If an
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.Em n Ns -tuple
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of addresses is given where
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em "n\ >\ 2" ,
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1994-02-01 00:36:28 +00:00
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then the corresponding range is determined by the last two addresses in
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the
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em n Ns -tuple.
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1994-02-01 00:36:28 +00:00
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If only one address is expected, then the last address is used.
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Pp
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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Each address in a comma-delimited range is interpreted relative to the
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current address. In a semi-colon-delimited range, the first address is
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used to set the current address, and the second address is interpreted
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relative to the first.
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Pp
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The following address symbols are recognized:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It .
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The current line (address) in the buffer.
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.It $
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The last line in the buffer.
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.It n
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The
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.Em n Ns th,
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line in the buffer
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where
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.Em n
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is a number in the range
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em [0,$] .
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.It - or ^
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The previous line.
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This is equivalent to
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em -1
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and may be repeated with cumulative effect.
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.It -n or ^n
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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The
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em n Ns th
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previous line, where
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.Em n
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is a non-negative number.
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.It +
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The next line.
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This is equivalent to
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.Em +1
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and may be repeated with cumulative effect.
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.It +n
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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The
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em n Ns th
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next line, where
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.Em n
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is a non-negative number.
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.It , or %
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The first through last lines in the buffer. This is equivalent to
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the address range
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em 1,$ .
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.It ;
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The current through last lines in the buffer. This is equivalent to
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the address range
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.Em .,$ .
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.It /re/
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The next line containing the regular expression
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.Em re .
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The search wraps to the beginning of the buffer and continues down to the
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current line, if necessary.
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// repeats the last search.
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.It ?re?
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The
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previous line containing the regular expression
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.Em re .
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The search wraps to the end of the buffer and continues up to the
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current line, if necessary.
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?? repeats the last search.
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.It 'lc
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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The
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line previously marked by a
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.Em k
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(mark) command, where
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em lc
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is a lower case letter.
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.El
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.Sh REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
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Regular expressions are patterns used in selecting text.
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For example, the command:
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.Pp
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.Sm off
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.Cm g No / Em string Xo
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.No /
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.Xc
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.Sm on
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.Pp
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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prints all lines containing
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em string .
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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Regular expressions are also
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used by the
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em s
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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command for selecting old text to be replaced with new.
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Pp
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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In addition to a specifying string literals, regular expressions can
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represent
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classes of strings. Strings thus represented are said to be matched
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by the corresponding regular expression.
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|
If it is possible for a regular expression
|
|
|
|
to match several strings in a line, then the left-most longest match is
|
|
|
|
the one selected.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
The following symbols are used in constructing regular expressions:
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
|
|
.It c
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
Any character
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em c
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
not listed below, including `{', '}', `(', `)', `<' and `>',
|
|
|
|
matches itself.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Pf \e c
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
Any backslash-escaped character
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em c ,
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
except for `{', '}', `(', `)', `<' and `>',
|
|
|
|
matches itself.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It .
|
|
|
|
Match any single character.
|
|
|
|
.It Op char-class
|
|
|
|
Match any single character in
|
|
|
|
.Em char-class .
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
To include a `]'
|
|
|
|
in
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em char-class ,
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
it must be the first character.
|
|
|
|
A range of characters may be specified by separating the end characters
|
|
|
|
of the range with a `-', e.g., `a-z' specifies the lower case characters.
|
|
|
|
The following literal expressions can also be used in
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em char-class
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
to specify sets of characters:
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
2000-11-06 11:18:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Bl -column "[:alnum:]" "[:cntrl:]" "[:lower:]" "[:xdigit:]" -compact
|
2000-11-06 09:14:22 +00:00
|
|
|
.It [:alnum:] Ta [:cntrl:] Ta [:lower:] Ta [:space:]
|
|
|
|
.It [:alpha:] Ta [:digit:] Ta [:print:] Ta [:upper:]
|
|
|
|
.It [:blank:] Ta [:graph:] Ta [:punct:] Ta [:xdigit:]
|
|
|
|
.El
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
If `-' appears as the first or last
|
|
|
|
character of
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em char-class ,
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
then it matches itself.
|
|
|
|
All other characters in
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em char-class
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
match themselves.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
Patterns in
|
1998-07-21 04:53:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em char-class
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
of the form:
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
2000-11-06 09:14:22 +00:00
|
|
|
.Bl -item -compact -offset 2n
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
|
|
.Op \&. Ns Ar col-elm Ns \&.
|
|
|
|
or,
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
|
|
.Op = Ns Ar col-elm Ns =
|
|
|
|
.El
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
where
|
2000-11-06 09:14:22 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar col-elm
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
is a
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em collating element
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
are interpreted according to
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr locale 5
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
(not currently supported).
|
|
|
|
See
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr regex 3
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
for an explanation of these constructs.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Op ^char-class
|
|
|
|
Match any single character, other than newline, not in
|
|
|
|
.Em char-class .
|
|
|
|
.Em Char-class
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
is defined
|
|
|
|
as above.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It ^
|
|
|
|
If
|
|
|
|
.Em ^
|
|
|
|
is the first character of a regular expression, then it
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
anchors the regular expression to the beginning of a line.
|
|
|
|
Otherwise, it matches itself.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It $
|
|
|
|
If
|
|
|
|
.Em $
|
|
|
|
is the last character of a regular expression, it
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
anchors the regular expression to the end of a line.
|
|
|
|
Otherwise, it matches itself.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Pf \e <
|
|
|
|
Anchor the single character regular expression or subexpression
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
immediately following it to the beginning of a word.
|
|
|
|
(This may not be available)
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Pf \e >
|
|
|
|
Anchor the single character regular expression or subexpression
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
immediately following it to the end of a word.
|
|
|
|
(This may not be available)
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Pf \e (re\e)
|
|
|
|
Define a subexpression
|
|
|
|
.Em re .
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
Subexpressions may be nested.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
A subsequent backreference of the form
|
|
|
|
.Em Pf \e n ,
|
|
|
|
where
|
|
|
|
.Em n
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
is a number in the range [1,9], expands to the text matched by the
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em n Ns th
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
subexpression.
|
1993-06-26 06:47:21 +00:00
|
|
|
For example, the regular expression `\e(.*\e)\e1' matches any string
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
consisting of identical adjacent substrings.
|
|
|
|
Subexpressions are ordered relative to
|
|
|
|
their left delimiter.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It *
|
|
|
|
Match the single character regular expression or subexpression
|
|
|
|
immediately preceding it zero or more times. If
|
|
|
|
.Em *
|
|
|
|
is the first
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
character of a regular expression or subexpression, then it matches
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
itself. The
|
|
|
|
.Em *
|
|
|
|
operator sometimes yields unexpected results.
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
For example, the regular expression `b*' matches the beginning of
|
|
|
|
the string `abbb' (as opposed to the substring `bbb'), since a null match
|
|
|
|
is the only left-most match.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It \e{n,m\e} or \e{n,\e} or \e{n\e}
|
|
|
|
Match the single character regular expression or subexpression
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
immediately preceding it at least
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em n
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
and at most
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em m
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
times.
|
|
|
|
If
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em m
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
is omitted, then it matches at least
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em n
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
times.
|
|
|
|
If the comma is also omitted, then it matches exactly
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em n
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
times.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
Additional regular expression operators may be defined depending on the
|
|
|
|
particular
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr regex 3
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
implementation.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh COMMANDS
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
All
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Nm
|
1997-08-30 11:09:26 +00:00
|
|
|
commands are single characters, though some require additional parameters.
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
If a command's parameters extend over several lines, then
|
|
|
|
each line except for the last
|
|
|
|
must be terminated with a backslash (\\).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In general, at most one command is allowed per line.
|
|
|
|
However, most commands accept a print suffix, which is any of
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em p
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
(print),
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em l
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
(list) ,
|
|
|
|
or
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em n
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
(enumerate),
|
|
|
|
to print the last line affected by the command.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
An interrupt (typically ^C) has the effect of aborting the current command
|
|
|
|
and returning the editor to command mode.
|
|
|
|
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Nm Ed
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
recognizes the following commands. The commands are shown together with
|
|
|
|
the default address or address range supplied if none is
|
|
|
|
specified (in parenthesis).
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
|
|
.It (.)a
|
|
|
|
Append text to the buffer after the addressed line.
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
Text is entered in input mode.
|
|
|
|
The current address is set to last line entered.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It (.,.)c
|
|
|
|
Change lines in the buffer. The addressed lines are deleted
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
from the buffer, and text is appended in their place.
|
|
|
|
Text is entered in input mode.
|
|
|
|
The current address is set to last line entered.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It (.,.)d
|
|
|
|
Delete the addressed lines from the buffer.
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
If there is a line after the deleted range, then the current address is set
|
2000-03-01 10:43:09 +00:00
|
|
|
to this line.
|
|
|
|
Otherwise the current address is set to the line
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
before the deleted range.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It e Ar file
|
|
|
|
Edit
|
|
|
|
.Ar file ,
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
and sets the default filename.
|
|
|
|
If
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar file
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
is not specified, then the default filename is used.
|
|
|
|
Any lines in the buffer are deleted before
|
|
|
|
the new file is read.
|
|
|
|
The current address is set to the last line read.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It e Ar !command
|
|
|
|
Edit the standard output of
|
|
|
|
.Ar !command ,
|
1994-02-01 00:36:28 +00:00
|
|
|
(see
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar !command
|
1994-02-01 00:36:28 +00:00
|
|
|
below).
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
The default filename is unchanged.
|
|
|
|
Any lines in the buffer are deleted before the output of
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar command
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
is read.
|
|
|
|
The current address is set to the last line read.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It E Ar file
|
|
|
|
Edit
|
|
|
|
.Ar file
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
unconditionally.
|
|
|
|
This is similar to the
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em e
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
command,
|
|
|
|
except that unwritten changes are discarded without warning.
|
|
|
|
The current address is set to the last line read.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It f Ar file
|
|
|
|
Set the default filename to
|
|
|
|
.Ar file .
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
If
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar file
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
is not specified, then the default unescaped filename is printed.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It (1,$)g/re/command-list
|
|
|
|
Apply
|
|
|
|
.Ar command-list
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
to each of the addressed lines matching a regular expression
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar re .
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
The current address is set to the
|
|
|
|
line currently matched before
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar command-list
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
is executed.
|
|
|
|
At the end of the
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em g
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
command, the current address is set to the last line affected by
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar command-list .
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
Each command in
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar command-list
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
must be on a separate line,
|
|
|
|
and every line except for the last must be terminated by a backslash
|
|
|
|
(\\).
|
|
|
|
Any commands are allowed, except for
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em g ,
|
|
|
|
.Em G ,
|
|
|
|
.Em v ,
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
and
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em V .
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
A newline alone in
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar command-list
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
is equivalent to a
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em p
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
command.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It (1,$)G/re/
|
|
|
|
Interactively edit the addressed lines matching a regular expression
|
|
|
|
.Ar re .
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
For each matching line,
|
|
|
|
the line is printed,
|
|
|
|
the current address is set,
|
|
|
|
and the user is prompted to enter a
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar command-list .
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
At the end of the
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em G
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
command, the current address
|
|
|
|
is set to the last line affected by (the last)
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar command-list .
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
The format of
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar command-list
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
is the same as that of the
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em g
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
command. A newline alone acts as a null command list.
|
|
|
|
A single `&' repeats the last non-null command list.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It H
|
|
|
|
Toggle the printing of error explanations.
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
By default, explanations are not printed.
|
|
|
|
It is recommended that ed scripts begin with this command to
|
|
|
|
aid in debugging.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It h
|
|
|
|
Print an explanation of the last error.
|
|
|
|
.It (.)i
|
|
|
|
Insert text in the buffer before the current line.
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
Text is entered in input mode.
|
|
|
|
The current address is set to the last line entered.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It (.,.+1)j
|
|
|
|
Join the addressed lines. The addressed lines are
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
deleted from the buffer and replaced by a single
|
|
|
|
line containing their joined text.
|
|
|
|
The current address is set to the resultant line.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It (.)klc
|
|
|
|
Mark a line with a lower case letter
|
|
|
|
.Em lc .
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
The line can then be addressed as
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em 'lc
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
(i.e., a single quote followed by
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em lc
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
) in subsequent commands. The mark is not cleared until the line is
|
|
|
|
deleted or otherwise modified.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It (.,.)l
|
|
|
|
Print the addressed lines unambiguously.
|
1994-02-01 00:36:28 +00:00
|
|
|
If a single line fills for than one screen (as might be the case
|
|
|
|
when viewing a binary file, for instance), a `--More--'
|
|
|
|
prompt is printed on the last line.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Nm Ed
|
1994-02-01 00:36:28 +00:00
|
|
|
waits until the RETURN key is pressed
|
|
|
|
before displaying the next screen.
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
The current address is set to the last line
|
|
|
|
printed.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It (.,.)m(.)
|
|
|
|
Move lines in the buffer. The addressed lines are moved to after the
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
right-hand destination address, which may be the address
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em 0
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
(zero).
|
|
|
|
The current address is set to the
|
|
|
|
last line moved.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It (.,.)n
|
|
|
|
Print the addressed lines along with
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
their line numbers. The current address is set to the last line
|
|
|
|
printed.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It (.,.)p
|
2000-03-01 10:43:09 +00:00
|
|
|
Print the addressed lines.
|
|
|
|
The current address is set to the last line
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
printed.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It P
|
|
|
|
Toggle the command prompt on and off.
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
Unless a prompt was specified by with command-line option
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Fl p Ar string ,
|
|
|
|
the command prompt is by default turned off.
|
|
|
|
.It q
|
|
|
|
Quit
|
2000-11-20 11:39:41 +00:00
|
|
|
.Nm .
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Q
|
|
|
|
Quit
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
|
|
|
unconditionally.
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
This is similar to the
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em q
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
command,
|
|
|
|
except that unwritten changes are discarded without warning.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It ($)r Ar file
|
|
|
|
Read
|
|
|
|
.Ar file
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
to after the addressed line. If
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar file
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
is not specified, then the default
|
|
|
|
filename is used. If there was no default filename prior to the command,
|
|
|
|
then the default filename is set to
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar file .
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
Otherwise, the default filename is unchanged.
|
|
|
|
The current address is set to the last line read.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It ($)r Ar !command
|
|
|
|
Read
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
to after the addressed line
|
|
|
|
the standard output of
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar !command ,
|
1994-02-01 00:36:28 +00:00
|
|
|
(see the
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar !command
|
1994-02-01 00:36:28 +00:00
|
|
|
below).
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
The default filename is unchanged.
|
|
|
|
The current address is set to the last line read.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It (.,.)s/re/replacement/
|
|
|
|
.It (.,.)s/re/replacement/g
|
|
|
|
.It (.,.)s/re/replacement/n
|
|
|
|
Replace text in the addressed lines
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
matching a regular expression
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar re
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
with
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar replacement .
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
By default, only the first match in each line is replaced.
|
1994-02-01 00:36:28 +00:00
|
|
|
If the
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em g
|
1994-02-01 00:36:28 +00:00
|
|
|
(global) suffix is given, then every match to be replaced.
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
The
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em n
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
suffix, where
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em n
|
1994-04-24 01:06:32 +00:00
|
|
|
is a positive number, causes only the
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em n Ns th
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
match to be replaced.
|
|
|
|
It is an error if no substitutions are performed on any of the addressed
|
|
|
|
lines.
|
|
|
|
The current address is set the last line affected.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
.Ar Re
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
and
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar replacement
|
1994-02-01 00:36:28 +00:00
|
|
|
may be delimited by any character other than space and newline
|
|
|
|
(see the
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em s
|
1994-02-01 00:36:28 +00:00
|
|
|
command below).
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
If one or two of the last delimiters is omitted, then the last line
|
|
|
|
affected is printed as though the print suffix
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em p
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
were specified.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
An unescaped `&' in
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar replacement
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
is replaced by the currently matched text.
|
|
|
|
The character sequence
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em \em ,
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
where
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em m
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
is a number in the range [1,9], is replaced by the
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em m th
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
backreference expression of the matched text.
|
|
|
|
If
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar replacement
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
consists of a single `%', then
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar replacement
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
from the last substitution is used.
|
|
|
|
Newlines may be embedded in
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar replacement
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
if they are escaped with a backslash (\\).
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It (.,.)s
|
|
|
|
Repeat the last substitution.
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
This form of the
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em s
|
1994-02-01 00:36:28 +00:00
|
|
|
command accepts a count suffix
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em n ,
|
1994-02-01 00:36:28 +00:00
|
|
|
or any combination of the characters
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em r ,
|
|
|
|
.Em g ,
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
and
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em p .
|
1994-02-01 00:36:28 +00:00
|
|
|
If a count suffix
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em n
|
1994-02-01 00:36:28 +00:00
|
|
|
is given, then only the
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em n Ns th
|
1994-02-01 00:36:28 +00:00
|
|
|
match is replaced.
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
The
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em r
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
suffix causes
|
|
|
|
the regular expression of the last search to be used instead of the
|
|
|
|
that of the last substitution.
|
|
|
|
The
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em g
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
suffix toggles the global suffix of the last substitution.
|
|
|
|
The
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em p
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
suffix toggles the print suffix of the last substitution
|
|
|
|
The current address is set to the last line affected.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It (.,.)t(.)
|
|
|
|
Copy (i.e., transfer) the addressed lines to after the right-hand
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
destination address, which may be the address
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em 0
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
(zero).
|
|
|
|
The current address is set to the last line
|
|
|
|
copied.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It u
|
|
|
|
Undo the last command and restores the current address
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
to what it was before the command.
|
|
|
|
The global commands
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em g ,
|
|
|
|
.Em G ,
|
|
|
|
.Em v ,
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
and
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em V .
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
are treated as a single command by undo.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em u
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
is its own inverse.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It (1,$)v/re/command-list
|
|
|
|
Apply
|
|
|
|
.Ar command-list
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
to each of the addressed lines not matching a regular expression
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar re .
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
This is similar to the
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em g
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
command.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It (1,$)V/re/
|
|
|
|
Interactively edit the addressed lines not matching a regular expression
|
|
|
|
.Ar re .
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
This is similar to the
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em G
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
command.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It (1,$)w Ar file
|
|
|
|
Write the addressed lines to
|
|
|
|
.Ar file .
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
Any previous contents of
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar file
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
is lost without warning.
|
|
|
|
If there is no default filename, then the default filename is set to
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar file ,
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
otherwise it is unchanged. If no filename is specified, then the default
|
|
|
|
filename is used.
|
|
|
|
The current address is unchanged.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It (1,$)wq Ar file
|
|
|
|
Write the addressed lines to
|
|
|
|
.Ar file ,
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
and then executes a
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em q
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
command.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It (1,$)w Ar !command
|
|
|
|
Write the addressed lines to the standard input of
|
|
|
|
.Ar !command ,
|
1994-02-01 00:36:28 +00:00
|
|
|
(see the
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em !command
|
1994-02-01 00:36:28 +00:00
|
|
|
below).
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
The default filename and current address are unchanged.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It (1,$)W Ar file
|
|
|
|
Append the addressed lines to the end of
|
|
|
|
.Ar file .
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
This is similar to the
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em w
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
command, expect that the previous contents of file is not clobbered.
|
|
|
|
The current address is unchanged.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It x
|
|
|
|
Prompt for an encryption key which is used in subsequent reads and
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
writes. If a newline alone is entered as the key, then encryption is
|
|
|
|
turned off. Otherwise, echoing is disabled while a key is read.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
Encryption/decryption is done using the
|
|
|
|
.Xr bdes 1
|
|
|
|
algorithm.
|
|
|
|
.It Pf (.+1)z n
|
|
|
|
Scroll
|
|
|
|
.Ar n
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
lines at a time starting at addressed line. If
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar n
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
is not specified, then the current window size is used.
|
|
|
|
The current address is set to the last line printed.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It !command
|
|
|
|
Execute
|
|
|
|
.Ar command
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
via
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr sh 1 .
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
If the first character of
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar command
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
is `!', then it is replaced by text of the
|
|
|
|
previous
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar !command .
|
|
|
|
.Nm Ed
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
does not process
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar command
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
for backslash (\\) escapes.
|
|
|
|
However, an unescaped
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em %
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
is replaced by the default filename.
|
|
|
|
When the shell returns from execution, a `!'
|
|
|
|
is printed to the standard output.
|
|
|
|
The current line is unchanged.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.It ($)=
|
|
|
|
Print the line number of the addressed line.
|
|
|
|
.It (.+1)newline
|
|
|
|
Print the addressed line, and sets the current address to
|
1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
that line.
|
1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width /tmp/ed.* -compact
|
|
|
|
.It /tmp/ed.*
|
|
|
|
buffer file
|
|
|
|
.It ed.hup
|
|
|
|
the file to which
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
|
|
|
attempts to write the buffer if the terminal hangs up
|
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
|
|
.Xr bdes 1 ,
|
|
|
|
.Xr sed 1 ,
|
|
|
|
.Xr sh 1 ,
|
|
|
|
.Xr vi 1 ,
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.Xr regex 3
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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USD:12-13
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Rs
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2000-05-10 09:49:04 +00:00
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.%A B. W. Kernighan
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.%A P. J. Plauger
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.%B Software Tools in Pascal
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.%O Addison-Wesley
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.%D 1981
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.Re
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Sh LIMITATIONS
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.Nm Ed
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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processes
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Ar file
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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arguments for backslash escapes, i.e., in a filename,
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any characters preceded by a backslash (\\) are
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interpreted literally.
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If a text (non-binary) file is not terminated by a newline character,
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then
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Nm
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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appends one on reading/writing it. In the case of a binary file,
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Nm
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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does not append a newline on reading/writing.
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per line overhead: 4 ints
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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When an error occurs,
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Nm
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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prints a `?' and either returns to command mode
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or exits if its input is from a script.
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An explanation of the last error can be
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printed with the
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em h
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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(help) command.
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Since the
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em g
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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(global) command masks any errors from failed searches and substitutions,
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it can be used to perform conditional operations in scripts; e.g.,
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Pp
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.Sm off
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.Cm g No / Em old Xo
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.No / Cm s
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.No // Em new
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.No /
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.Xc
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.Sm on
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.Pp
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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replaces any occurrences of
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em old
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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with
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em new .
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1993-06-26 06:47:21 +00:00
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If the
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Em u
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1993-06-26 06:47:21 +00:00
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(undo) command occurs in a global command list, then
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the command list is executed only once.
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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If diagnostics are not disabled, attempting to quit
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Nm
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1993-06-18 13:00:14 +00:00
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or edit another file before writing a modified buffer
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results in an error.
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If the command is entered a second time, it succeeds,
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but any changes to the buffer are lost.
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Sh HISTORY
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1996-08-29 18:06:19 +00:00
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A
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1998-05-13 07:41:13 +00:00
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.Nm
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1996-08-29 18:06:19 +00:00
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command appeared in
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Version 1 AT&T UNIX.
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