1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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2017-02-28 23:42:47 +00:00
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)route.8 8.3 (Berkeley) 3/19/94
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.\"
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2023-06-15 05:21:51 +00:00
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.Dd June 16, 2023
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.Dt ROUTE 8
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2001-06-08 12:44:25 +00:00
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.Os
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm route
|
1998-07-28 06:25:35 +00:00
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.Nd manually manipulate the routing tables
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
|
2000-11-20 16:52:27 +00:00
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.Nm
|
2023-06-13 06:05:17 +00:00
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.Op Fl j Ar jail
|
1998-07-28 06:25:35 +00:00
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.Op Fl dnqtv
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.Ar command
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.Oo
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.Op Ar modifiers
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.Ar args
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.Oc
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
2002-07-06 19:35:14 +00:00
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The
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.Nm
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utility is used to manually manipulate the network
|
2004-07-02 21:45:06 +00:00
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routing tables.
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It normally is not needed, as a
|
2003-11-10 14:28:33 +00:00
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system routing table management daemon, such as
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.Xr routed 8 ,
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should tend to this task.
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.Pp
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The
|
1998-07-28 06:25:35 +00:00
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.Nm
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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utility supports a limited number of general options,
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but a rich command language, enabling the user to specify
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any arbitrary request that could be delivered via the
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programmatic interface discussed in
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.Xr route 4 .
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.Pp
|
1998-07-28 06:25:35 +00:00
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The following options are available:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
|
2014-01-10 23:08:18 +00:00
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.It Fl 4
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Specify
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.Cm inet
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address family as family hint for subcommands.
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.It Fl 6
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Specify
|
2017-08-15 19:29:10 +00:00
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.Cm inet6
|
2014-01-10 23:08:18 +00:00
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address family as family hint for subcommands.
|
2003-11-10 14:28:33 +00:00
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.It Fl d
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Run in debug-only mode, i.e., do not actually modify the routing table.
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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.It Fl n
|
1998-07-28 06:25:35 +00:00
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Bypass attempts to print host and network names symbolically
|
2004-07-02 21:45:06 +00:00
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when reporting actions.
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(The process of translating between symbolic
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1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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names and numerical equivalents can be quite time consuming, and
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|
may require correct operation of the network; thus it may be expedient
|
2000-11-26 23:26:51 +00:00
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|
to forget this, especially when attempting to repair networking operations).
|
2007-11-01 19:54:59 +00:00
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|
.It Fl t
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Run in test-only mode.
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.Pa /dev/null
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is used instead of a socket.
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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|
.It Fl v
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(verbose) Print additional details.
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.It Fl q
|
2002-05-25 12:51:34 +00:00
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|
Suppress all output from the
|
2005-10-02 12:55:34 +00:00
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|
.Cm add , change , delete ,
|
2002-05-25 12:51:34 +00:00
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|
and
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.Cm flush
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commands.
|
2023-06-13 06:05:17 +00:00
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.It Fl j Ar jail
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|
Run inside a jail.
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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|
.El
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.Pp
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The
|
1998-07-28 06:25:35 +00:00
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.Nm
|
2005-09-28 12:12:15 +00:00
|
|
|
utility provides the following commands:
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
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|
.Pp
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|
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
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.It Cm add
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Add a route.
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.It Cm flush
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Remove all routes.
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.It Cm delete
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|
Delete a specific route.
|
2005-09-28 12:12:15 +00:00
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|
.It Cm del
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Another name for the
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.Cm delete
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|
command.
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
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|
.It Cm change
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Change aspects of a route (such as its gateway).
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.It Cm get
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Lookup and display the route for a destination.
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.It Cm monitor
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|
Continuously report any changes to the routing information base,
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|
routing lookup misses, or suspected network partitionings.
|
2012-03-24 06:40:41 +00:00
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|
.It Cm show
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|
Another name for the
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.Cm get
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|
command.
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
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|
.El
|
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|
.Pp
|
1998-07-28 06:25:35 +00:00
|
|
|
The monitor command has the syntax:
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
2001-02-07 13:45:30 +00:00
|
|
|
.Bd -ragged -offset indent -compact
|
2000-11-20 16:52:27 +00:00
|
|
|
.Nm
|
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|
.Op Fl n
|
2012-11-17 19:54:23 +00:00
|
|
|
.Cm monitor Op Fl fib Ar number
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ed
|
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|
|
.Pp
|
1998-07-28 06:25:35 +00:00
|
|
|
The flush command has the syntax:
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
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|
.Pp
|
2001-02-07 13:45:30 +00:00
|
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|
.Bd -ragged -offset indent -compact
|
2000-11-20 16:52:27 +00:00
|
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|
.Nm
|
2018-02-21 19:13:27 +00:00
|
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|
.Op Fl n
|
2023-02-26 13:33:58 +00:00
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|
.Cm flush Oo Ar family Oc Op Fl fib Ar number
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
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|
.Ed
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.Pp
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If the
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.Cm flush
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command is specified,
|
1998-07-28 06:25:35 +00:00
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.Nm
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
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|
will ``flush'' the routing tables of all gateway entries.
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|
When the address family may is specified by any of the
|
1999-12-07 17:39:16 +00:00
|
|
|
.Fl inet6 ,
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
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|
or
|
2014-01-11 09:44:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.Fl inet
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
modifiers, only routes having destinations with addresses in the
|
2014-01-11 09:44:00 +00:00
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|
|
delineated family will be deleted.
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|
Additionally,
|
2014-01-10 23:08:18 +00:00
|
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|
.Fl 4
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or
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.Fl 6
|
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|
can be used as aliases for
|
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|
.Fl inet
|
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|
and
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|
.Fl inet6
|
|
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|
modifiers.
|
2012-11-17 19:54:23 +00:00
|
|
|
When a
|
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|
.Fl fib
|
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|
option is specified, the operation will be applied to
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|
the specified FIB
|
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|
.Pq routing table .
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
2018-02-21 19:13:23 +00:00
|
|
|
The add command has the following syntax:
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
2001-02-07 13:45:30 +00:00
|
|
|
.Bd -ragged -offset indent -compact
|
2000-11-20 16:52:27 +00:00
|
|
|
.Nm
|
|
|
|
.Op Fl n
|
2018-02-21 19:13:23 +00:00
|
|
|
.Cm add
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
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|
.Op Fl net No \&| Fl host
|
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|
.Ar destination gateway
|
2000-09-29 10:52:21 +00:00
|
|
|
.Op Ar netmask
|
2012-11-17 19:54:23 +00:00
|
|
|
.Op Fl fib Ar number
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ed
|
|
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|
.Pp
|
2018-02-21 19:13:23 +00:00
|
|
|
and the other commands have the following syntax:
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
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|
.Bd -ragged -offset indent -compact
|
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|
|
.Nm
|
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|
.Op Fl n
|
|
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|
.Ar command
|
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|
.Op Fl net No \&| Fl host
|
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|
.Ar destination
|
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|
.Op Ar gateway Op Ar netmask
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|
.Op Fl fib Ar number
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|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
where
|
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|
.Ar destination
|
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|
|
is the destination host or network,
|
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|
|
.Ar gateway
|
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|
is the next-hop intermediary via which packets should be routed.
|
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|
|
Routes to a particular host may be distinguished from those to
|
|
|
|
a network by interpreting the Internet address specified as the
|
2000-09-29 10:52:21 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar destination
|
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|
argument.
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
The optional modifiers
|
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|
.Fl net
|
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|
and
|
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|
.Fl host
|
|
|
|
force the destination to be interpreted as a network or a host, respectively.
|
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|
Otherwise, if the
|
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|
.Ar destination
|
1999-05-04 18:41:32 +00:00
|
|
|
has a
|
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|
.Dq local address part
|
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|
of
|
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|
INADDR_ANY
|
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|
.Pq Li 0.0.0.0 ,
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
or if the
|
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|
.Ar destination
|
|
|
|
is the symbolic name of a network, then the route is
|
|
|
|
assumed to be to a network; otherwise, it is presumed to be a
|
|
|
|
route to a host.
|
2000-09-29 10:52:21 +00:00
|
|
|
Optionally, the
|
|
|
|
.Ar destination
|
|
|
|
could also be specified in the
|
2001-06-08 09:07:34 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar net Ns / Ns Ar bits
|
2000-09-29 10:52:21 +00:00
|
|
|
format.
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
For example,
|
|
|
|
.Li 128.32
|
|
|
|
is interpreted as
|
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|
|
.Fl host Li 128.0.0.32 ;
|
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|
.Li 128.32.130
|
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|
is interpreted as
|
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|
|
.Fl host Li 128.32.0.130 ;
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|
.Fl net Li 128.32
|
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|
|
is interpreted as
|
2023-02-26 13:33:58 +00:00
|
|
|
.Li 128.32.0.0 ;
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Fl net Li 128.32.130
|
|
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|
is interpreted as
|
2023-02-26 13:33:58 +00:00
|
|
|
.Li 128.32.130.0 ;
|
2000-09-29 10:52:21 +00:00
|
|
|
and
|
2001-06-08 09:07:34 +00:00
|
|
|
.Li 192.168.64/20
|
2000-09-29 10:52:21 +00:00
|
|
|
is interpreted as
|
2001-06-08 09:07:34 +00:00
|
|
|
.Fl net Li 192.168.64 Fl netmask Li 255.255.240.0 .
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
1999-05-04 18:41:32 +00:00
|
|
|
A
|
|
|
|
.Ar destination
|
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|
of
|
|
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|
.Ar default
|
2012-11-17 19:54:23 +00:00
|
|
|
is a synonym for the default route.
|
|
|
|
For
|
|
|
|
.Li IPv4
|
|
|
|
it is
|
|
|
|
.Fl net Fl inet Li 0.0.0.0 ,
|
|
|
|
and for
|
|
|
|
.Li IPv6
|
|
|
|
it is
|
|
|
|
.Fl net Fl inet6 Li :: .
|
1999-05-04 18:41:32 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
If the destination is directly reachable
|
|
|
|
via an interface requiring
|
|
|
|
no intermediary system to act as a gateway, the
|
|
|
|
.Fl interface
|
|
|
|
modifier should be specified;
|
|
|
|
the gateway given is the address of this host on the common network,
|
|
|
|
indicating the interface to be used for transmission.
|
1996-08-13 22:20:20 +00:00
|
|
|
Alternately, if the interface is point to point the name of the interface
|
|
|
|
itself may be given, in which case the route remains valid even
|
1996-08-19 18:52:49 +00:00
|
|
|
if the local or remote addresses change.
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
The optional
|
|
|
|
.Fl netmask
|
1997-06-18 06:30:34 +00:00
|
|
|
modifier is intended
|
2023-02-26 13:33:58 +00:00
|
|
|
to achieve the effect of an OSI ESIS
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
redirect with the netmask option,
|
|
|
|
or to manually add subnet routes with
|
|
|
|
netmasks different from that of the implied network interface
|
|
|
|
(as would otherwise be communicated using the OSPF or ISIS routing protocols).
|
|
|
|
One specifies an additional ensuing address parameter
|
|
|
|
(to be interpreted as a network mask).
|
|
|
|
The implicit network mask generated in the AF_INET case
|
|
|
|
can be overridden by making sure this option follows the destination parameter.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
1999-12-07 17:39:16 +00:00
|
|
|
For
|
|
|
|
.Dv AF_INET6 ,
|
|
|
|
the
|
|
|
|
.Fl prefixlen
|
|
|
|
qualifier
|
|
|
|
is available instead of the
|
|
|
|
.Fl mask
|
|
|
|
qualifier because non-continuous masks are not allowed in IPv6.
|
|
|
|
For example,
|
|
|
|
.Fl prefixlen Li 32
|
2019-01-10 00:10:12 +00:00
|
|
|
specifies that a network mask of
|
1999-12-07 17:39:16 +00:00
|
|
|
.Li ffff:ffff:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000
|
2019-01-10 00:10:12 +00:00
|
|
|
will be used.
|
|
|
|
The default prefixlen is 64.
|
|
|
|
However, it is assumed to be 0 if
|
1999-12-07 17:39:16 +00:00
|
|
|
.Cm default
|
2019-01-10 00:10:12 +00:00
|
|
|
is specified for
|
|
|
|
.Ar destination .
|
1999-12-07 17:39:16 +00:00
|
|
|
Note that the qualifier works only for
|
|
|
|
.Dv AF_INET6
|
|
|
|
address family.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
Routes have associated flags which influence operation of the protocols
|
|
|
|
when sending to destinations matched by the routes.
|
|
|
|
These flags may be set (or sometimes cleared)
|
|
|
|
by indicating the following corresponding modifiers:
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
|
|
-xresolve RTF_XRESOLVE - emit mesg on use (for external lookup)
|
|
|
|
-iface ~RTF_GATEWAY - destination is directly reachable
|
|
|
|
-static RTF_STATIC - manually added route
|
|
|
|
-nostatic ~RTF_STATIC - pretend route added by kernel or daemon
|
|
|
|
-reject RTF_REJECT - emit an ICMP unreachable when matched
|
|
|
|
-blackhole RTF_BLACKHOLE - silently discard pkts (during updates)
|
|
|
|
-proto1 RTF_PROTO1 - set protocol specific routing flag #1
|
|
|
|
-proto2 RTF_PROTO2 - set protocol specific routing flag #2
|
|
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
The optional modifiers
|
|
|
|
.Fl rtt ,
|
|
|
|
.Fl rttvar ,
|
|
|
|
.Fl sendpipe ,
|
|
|
|
.Fl recvpipe ,
|
|
|
|
.Fl mtu ,
|
|
|
|
.Fl hopcount ,
|
|
|
|
.Fl expire ,
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.Fl ssthresh
|
|
|
|
provide initial values to quantities maintained in the routing entry
|
|
|
|
by transport level protocols, such as TCP or TP4.
|
|
|
|
These may be individually locked by preceding each such modifier to
|
|
|
|
be locked by
|
|
|
|
the
|
|
|
|
.Fl lock
|
|
|
|
meta-modifier, or one can
|
|
|
|
specify that all ensuing metrics may be locked by the
|
|
|
|
.Fl lockrest
|
|
|
|
meta-modifier.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
2013-10-17 19:04:05 +00:00
|
|
|
Note that
|
|
|
|
.Fl expire
|
|
|
|
accepts expiration time of the route as the number of seconds since the
|
|
|
|
Epoch
|
|
|
|
.Pq see Xr time 3 .
|
|
|
|
When the first character of the number is
|
|
|
|
.Dq +
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
|
|
.Dq - ,
|
|
|
|
it is interpreted as a value relative to the current time.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
2012-11-17 19:54:23 +00:00
|
|
|
The optional modifier
|
|
|
|
.Fl fib Ar number
|
|
|
|
specifies that the command will be applied to a non-default FIB.
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Ar number
|
|
|
|
must be smaller than the
|
|
|
|
.Va net.fibs
|
|
|
|
.Xr sysctl 8
|
|
|
|
MIB.
|
|
|
|
When this modifier is not specified,
|
|
|
|
or a negative number is specified,
|
|
|
|
the default FIB shown in the
|
|
|
|
.Va net.my_fibnum
|
|
|
|
.Xr sysctl 8
|
|
|
|
MIB will be used.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Ar number
|
|
|
|
allows multiple FIBs by a comma-separeted list and/or range
|
|
|
|
specification.
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Qq Fl fib Li 2,4,6
|
|
|
|
means the FIB number 2, 4, and 6.
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Qq Fl fib Li 1,3-5,6
|
|
|
|
means the 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
In a
|
|
|
|
.Cm change
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
|
|
.Cm add
|
|
|
|
command where the destination and gateway are not sufficient to specify
|
2023-02-26 13:33:58 +00:00
|
|
|
the route (as in the ISO case where several interfaces may have the
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
same address), the
|
|
|
|
.Fl ifp
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
|
|
.Fl ifa
|
|
|
|
modifiers may be used to determine the interface or interface address.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
All symbolic names specified for a
|
|
|
|
.Ar destination
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
|
|
.Ar gateway
|
|
|
|
are looked up first as a host name using
|
|
|
|
.Xr gethostbyname 3 .
|
|
|
|
If this lookup fails,
|
|
|
|
.Xr getnetbyname 3
|
|
|
|
is then used to interpret the name as that of a network.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
2002-07-06 19:35:14 +00:00
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
|
|
|
utility uses a routing socket and the new message types
|
2001-06-12 13:31:53 +00:00
|
|
|
.Dv RTM_ADD , RTM_DELETE , RTM_GET ,
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
and
|
2001-06-12 13:31:53 +00:00
|
|
|
.Dv RTM_CHANGE .
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
As such, only the super-user may modify
|
|
|
|
the routing tables.
|
2023-02-26 13:15:34 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
.Fx provides support for scalable multipath routing.
|
|
|
|
It is activated by default, but can be turned off by setting the
|
|
|
|
.Va net.route.multipath
|
|
|
|
.Xr sysctl 8
|
|
|
|
MIB to 0.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
There are multiple route lookup algorithms available.
|
|
|
|
They can be configured by setting
|
|
|
|
.Va net.route.algo.inet.algo
|
|
|
|
for IPv4 and
|
|
|
|
.Va net.route.algo.inet6.algo
|
|
|
|
for IPv6
|
|
|
|
.Xr sysctl 8
|
|
|
|
MIBs.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
A list of available algorithms can be obtained by accessing the
|
|
|
|
following
|
|
|
|
.Xr sysctl 8
|
|
|
|
MIBs
|
|
|
|
.Va net.route.algo.inet.algo_list
|
|
|
|
for IPv4 and
|
|
|
|
.Va net.route.algo.inet6.algo_list
|
|
|
|
for IPv6.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
The following algorithms are available:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width radix_lockless
|
|
|
|
.It radix
|
|
|
|
Base system radix backend.
|
|
|
|
.It bsearch
|
|
|
|
Lockless binary search in a special IP array, tailored for a small FIB
|
|
|
|
with <16 routes.
|
|
|
|
This algorithm is only available for IPv4.
|
|
|
|
.It radix_lockless
|
|
|
|
Lockless immutable radix, re-created on every rtable change,
|
|
|
|
tailored for a small FIB with <1000 routes.
|
|
|
|
.It dpdk_lpm
|
|
|
|
DPDK DIR24-8-based lookups, lockless datastructure, optimized
|
2023-06-15 05:21:51 +00:00
|
|
|
for large FIBs.
|
|
|
|
DIR24-8 relies on a large flat lookup table (64 MB with IPv4) which is
|
|
|
|
directly indexed by the more significant portion of the lookup key.
|
2023-02-26 13:15:34 +00:00
|
|
|
In order to use the dpdk_lpm algorithm one or both of the
|
|
|
|
following kernel modules must be loaded via
|
|
|
|
.Xr loader.conf 5 :
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width dpdk_lpm6.ko -compact
|
|
|
|
.It dpdk_lpm4.ko
|
|
|
|
DPDK implementation for IPv4.
|
|
|
|
.It dpdk_lpm6.ko
|
|
|
|
DPDK implementation for IPv6.
|
|
|
|
.El
|
2023-06-15 05:21:51 +00:00
|
|
|
.It dxr
|
|
|
|
IPv4 only, lockless, compressed lookup structure
|
|
|
|
(below 2.5 Bytes per IPv4 prefix for large BGP FIBs)
|
|
|
|
which easily fits into modern CPU cache hierarchies,
|
|
|
|
lookup throughput scales linearly with CPU cores.
|
|
|
|
Loadable as a kernel module at runtime or via
|
|
|
|
.Xr loader.conf 5 :
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width fib_dxr.ko -compact
|
|
|
|
.It fib_dxr.ko
|
|
|
|
.El
|
2023-02-26 13:15:34 +00:00
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
The algorithms are selected automatically based on the size of the routing
|
|
|
|
table of the system.
|
|
|
|
They can be changed, but not every algorithm performs best for every
|
|
|
|
FIB size.
|
2005-01-18 10:09:38 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh EXIT STATUS
|
|
|
|
.Ex -std
|
2012-03-24 06:40:41 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh EXAMPLES
|
|
|
|
Add a default route to the network routing table.
|
|
|
|
This will send all packets for destinations not available in the routing table
|
|
|
|
to the default gateway at 192.168.1.1:
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
.Dl route add -net 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.1.1
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
A shorter version of adding a default route can also be written as:
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
.Dl route add default 192.168.1.1
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
Add a static route to the 172.16.10.0/24 network via the 172.16.1.1 gateway:
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
.Dl route add -net 172.16.10.0/24 172.16.1.1
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
Change the gateway of an already established static route in the routing table:
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
.Dl route change -net 172.16.10.0/24 172.16.1.2
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
Display the route for a destination network:
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
.Dl route show 172.16.10.0
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
Delete a static route from the routing table:
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
.Dl route delete -net 172.16.10.0/24 172.16.1.2
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
Remove all routes from the routing table:
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
.Dl route flush
|
2021-04-13 04:44:04 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
2023-03-14 13:55:28 +00:00
|
|
|
The routing table can be listed with
|
|
|
|
.Xr netstat 1 .
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
|
2001-04-13 19:59:47 +00:00
|
|
|
.Bl -diag
|
|
|
|
.It "add [host \&| network ] %s: gateway %s flags %x"
|
2004-07-02 21:45:06 +00:00
|
|
|
The specified route is being added to the tables.
|
|
|
|
The
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
values printed are from the routing table entry supplied
|
|
|
|
in the
|
|
|
|
.Xr ioctl 2
|
|
|
|
call.
|
|
|
|
If the gateway address used was not the primary address of the gateway
|
|
|
|
(the first one returned by
|
|
|
|
.Xr gethostbyname 3 ) ,
|
|
|
|
the gateway address is printed numerically as well as symbolically.
|
2001-04-13 19:59:47 +00:00
|
|
|
.It "delete [ host \&| network ] %s: gateway %s flags %x"
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
As above, but when deleting an entry.
|
2001-04-13 19:59:47 +00:00
|
|
|
.It "%s %s done"
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
When the
|
|
|
|
.Cm flush
|
|
|
|
command is specified, each routing table entry deleted
|
|
|
|
is indicated with a message of this form.
|
2001-04-13 19:59:47 +00:00
|
|
|
.It "Network is unreachable"
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
An attempt to add a route failed because the gateway listed was not
|
|
|
|
on a directly-connected network.
|
|
|
|
The next-hop gateway must be given.
|
2001-04-13 19:59:47 +00:00
|
|
|
.It "not in table"
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
A delete operation was attempted for an entry which
|
2005-02-13 22:25:33 +00:00
|
|
|
was not present in the tables.
|
2001-04-13 19:59:47 +00:00
|
|
|
.It "routing table overflow"
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
An add operation was attempted, but the system was
|
|
|
|
low on resources and was unable to allocate memory
|
|
|
|
to create the new entry.
|
2001-06-08 12:44:25 +00:00
|
|
|
.It "gateway uses the same route"
|
|
|
|
A
|
|
|
|
.Cm change
|
|
|
|
operation resulted in a route whose gateway uses the
|
|
|
|
same route as the one being changed.
|
|
|
|
The next-hop gateway should be reachable through a different route.
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
2021-04-13 04:44:04 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr netstat 1 ,
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr netintro 4 ,
|
|
|
|
.Xr route 4 ,
|
2023-02-26 13:15:34 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr loader.conf 5 ,
|
2001-06-12 13:31:53 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr arp 8 ,
|
1996-02-12 04:57:03 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr routed 8
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
2002-07-06 19:35:14 +00:00
|
|
|
utility appeared in
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Bx 4.2 .
|
|
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
|
|
The first paragraph may have slightly exaggerated
|
1998-07-28 06:25:35 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr routed 8 Ns 's
|
1994-05-26 06:35:07 +00:00
|
|
|
abilities.
|
2004-11-04 02:15:03 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
Currently, routes with the
|
2005-01-10 16:17:34 +00:00
|
|
|
.Dv RTF_BLACKHOLE
|
2004-11-04 02:15:03 +00:00
|
|
|
flag set need to have the gateway set to an instance of the
|
|
|
|
.Xr lo 4
|
|
|
|
driver, using the
|
|
|
|
.Fl iface
|
|
|
|
option, for the flag to have any effect; unless IP fast forwarding
|
|
|
|
is enabled, in which case the meaning of the flag will always
|
|
|
|
be honored.
|