2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
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.\" Copyright (c) 1993 University of Utah.
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.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1989, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\" Copyright (c) 2000
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.\" Poul-Henning Kamp All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
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.\" the Systems Programming Group of the University of Utah Computer
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.\" Science Department.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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2014-03-14 03:07:51 +00:00
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)vnconfig.8 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
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.\" from: src/usr.sbin/vnconfig/vnconfig.8,v 1.19 2000/12/27 15:30:29
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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2020-11-06 15:38:51 +00:00
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.Dd November 6, 2020
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2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
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.Dt MDCONFIG 8
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2001-07-10 11:04:34 +00:00
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.Os
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2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm mdconfig
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2015-08-06 07:47:13 +00:00
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.Nd create and control memory disks
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2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Fl a
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2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
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.Fl t Ar type
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2003-06-11 06:38:24 +00:00
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.Op Fl n
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2004-05-17 08:35:43 +00:00
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.Oo Fl o Oo Cm no Oc Ns Ar option Oc ...
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2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
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.Op Fl f Ar file
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2004-05-17 08:35:43 +00:00
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.Op Fl s Ar size
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2003-03-03 13:05:00 +00:00
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.Op Fl S Ar sectorsize
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2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
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.Op Fl u Ar unit
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2003-09-21 19:05:35 +00:00
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.Op Fl x Ar sectors/track
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2010-11-13 15:28:44 +00:00
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.Op Fl y Ar heads/cylinder
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2017-08-28 15:54:07 +00:00
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.Op Fl L Ar label
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2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
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.Nm
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.Fl d
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.Fl u Ar unit
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2009-01-10 17:17:18 +00:00
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.Op Fl o Oo Cm no Oc Ns Ar force
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2001-02-25 13:12:57 +00:00
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.Nm
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2012-07-07 20:32:21 +00:00
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.Fl r
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.Fl u Ar unit
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.Fl s Ar size
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.Op Fl o Oo Cm no Oc Ns Ar force
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.Nm
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2001-02-25 13:12:57 +00:00
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.Fl l
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2003-06-11 06:38:24 +00:00
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.Op Fl n
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2008-06-21 15:04:42 +00:00
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.Op Fl v
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2013-06-20 14:30:16 +00:00
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.Op Fl f Ar file
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2001-02-25 13:12:57 +00:00
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.Op Fl u Ar unit
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2011-04-29 22:40:11 +00:00
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.Nm
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.Ar file
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2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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2015-08-06 07:47:13 +00:00
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utility creates and controls
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2001-01-10 14:53:46 +00:00
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.Xr md 4
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2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
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devices.
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.Pp
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Options indicate an action to be performed:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl a
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2001-01-10 14:53:46 +00:00
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Attach a memory disk.
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This will configure and attach a memory disk with the
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2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
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parameters specified and attach it to the system.
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2013-10-26 15:05:27 +00:00
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If the
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.Fl u Ar unit
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option is not provided, the newly created device name will be printed on stdout.
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2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
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.It Fl d
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2001-01-10 14:53:46 +00:00
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Detach a memory disk from the system and release all resources.
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2012-07-07 20:32:21 +00:00
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.It Fl r
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Resize a memory disk.
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2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
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.It Fl t Ar type
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2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
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Select the type of the memory disk.
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2012-04-09 01:20:50 +00:00
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.Bl -tag -width "malloc"
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2001-01-10 14:53:46 +00:00
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.It Cm malloc
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2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
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Storage for this type of memory disk is allocated with
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.Xr malloc 9 .
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This limits the size to the malloc bucket limit in the kernel.
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2004-01-02 14:28:06 +00:00
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If the
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.Fl o Cm reserve
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option is not set, creating and filling a large
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malloc-backed memory disk is a very easy way to
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2015-08-06 07:47:13 +00:00
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panic the system.
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2001-01-10 14:53:46 +00:00
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.It Cm vnode
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2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
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A file specified with
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2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
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.Fl f Ar file
|
2007-11-11 08:12:21 +00:00
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becomes the backing store for this memory disk.
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2001-01-10 14:53:46 +00:00
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.It Cm swap
|
2007-11-28 12:11:36 +00:00
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Storage for this type of memory disk is allocated from buffer
|
2007-11-28 12:29:59 +00:00
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memory.
|
2012-04-09 01:20:50 +00:00
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Pages get pushed out to swap when the system is under memory
|
2007-11-28 12:29:59 +00:00
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pressure, otherwise they stay in the operating memory.
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Using
|
2007-11-28 12:11:36 +00:00
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.Cm swap
|
2012-04-09 01:20:50 +00:00
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backing is generally preferred instead of using
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2007-11-28 12:11:36 +00:00
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.Cm malloc
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backing.
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2013-12-04 07:38:23 +00:00
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.It Cm null
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Bitsink; all writes do nothing, all reads return zeroes.
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2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
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.El
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.It Fl f Ar file
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2012-04-09 01:20:50 +00:00
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Filename to use for the vnode type memory disk.
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The
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2007-02-20 21:29:30 +00:00
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.Fl a
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and
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2020-11-06 15:55:13 +00:00
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.Fl t Cm vnode
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2012-04-09 01:20:50 +00:00
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options are implied if not specified.
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2001-02-25 13:12:57 +00:00
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.It Fl l
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2004-11-06 14:03:37 +00:00
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List configured devices.
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2004-11-06 10:21:12 +00:00
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If given with
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.Fl u ,
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display details about that particular device.
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2013-06-20 14:30:16 +00:00
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If given with
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.Fl f Ar file ,
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display
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.Xr md 4
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device names of which
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.Ar file
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is used as the backing store.
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If both of
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.Fl u
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and
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.Fl f
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options are specified,
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2013-06-29 16:05:44 +00:00
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display devices which match the two conditions.
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2012-04-09 01:20:50 +00:00
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If the
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2008-06-21 15:04:42 +00:00
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.Fl v
|
2012-04-09 01:20:50 +00:00
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option is specified, show all details.
|
2003-06-11 06:38:24 +00:00
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.It Fl n
|
2012-05-12 19:59:37 +00:00
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When printing
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2012-04-09 01:20:50 +00:00
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.Xr md 4
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device names, print only the unit number without the
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.Xr md 4
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prefix.
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2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
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.It Fl s Ar size
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Size of the memory disk.
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.Ar Size
|
2004-02-19 19:53:07 +00:00
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is the number of 512 byte sectors unless suffixed with a
|
2015-10-10 09:37:31 +00:00
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.Cm b , k , m , g , t ,
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2001-01-10 14:53:46 +00:00
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or
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2015-10-10 09:37:31 +00:00
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.Cm p
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2001-01-10 14:53:46 +00:00
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which
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2015-10-10 09:37:31 +00:00
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denotes byte, kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, terabyte and petabyte respectively.
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2015-08-06 07:47:13 +00:00
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When used without the
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.Fl r
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option, the
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2007-02-20 21:29:30 +00:00
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.Fl a
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and
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2020-11-06 15:55:13 +00:00
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.Fl t Cm swap
|
2012-04-09 01:20:50 +00:00
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options are implied if not specified.
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2003-03-03 13:05:00 +00:00
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.It Fl S Ar sectorsize
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2012-06-27 12:19:28 +00:00
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Sectorsize to use for the memory disk, in bytes.
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2003-09-21 19:05:35 +00:00
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.It Fl x Ar sectors/track
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2004-05-17 08:35:43 +00:00
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See the description of the
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.Fl y
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option below.
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2003-09-21 19:05:35 +00:00
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.It Fl y Ar heads/cylinder
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2004-05-17 08:35:43 +00:00
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For
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.Cm malloc
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or
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.Cm vnode
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backed devices, the
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2003-09-21 19:05:35 +00:00
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.Fl x
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and
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.Fl y
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options can be used to specify a synthetic geometry.
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This is useful for constructing bootable images for later download to
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other devices.
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2017-08-28 15:54:07 +00:00
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.It Fl L Ar label
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Associate a label (arbitrary string) with the new memory disk.
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The label can then be inspected with
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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.Nm Fl l v
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.Ed
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2001-08-10 10:41:30 +00:00
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.It Fl o Oo Cm no Oc Ns Ar option
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2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
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Set or reset options.
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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2004-03-10 20:41:09 +00:00
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.It Oo Cm no Oc Ns Cm async
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2004-05-17 08:35:43 +00:00
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For
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.Cm vnode
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backed devices: avoid
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.Dv IO_SYNC
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for increased performance but
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2004-03-10 20:41:09 +00:00
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at the risk of deadlocking the entire kernel.
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2018-12-21 08:15:31 +00:00
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.It Oo Cm no Oc Ns Cm cache
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For
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.Cm vnode
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backed devices: enable/disable caching of data in system caches.
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The default is to not cache.
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.Pp
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Accesses via the device are converted to accesses via the vnode.
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The caching policy for the vnode is used initially.
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This is normally to cache.
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This caching policy is retained if the
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.Cm cache
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option is used.
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Otherwise, caching is limited
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by releasing data from caches soon after each access.
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The release has the same semantics as the
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.Dv POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED
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feature of
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.Xr posix_fadvise 2 .
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The result is that with normal (non-zfs) caching,
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buffers are released from the buffer cache soon after they are constructed,
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but their data is kept in the page cache at lower priority.
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.Pp
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The
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.Cm cache
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option tends to waste memory by giving unwanted double caching,
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but it saves time if there is memory to spare.
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2001-08-10 10:41:30 +00:00
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.It Oo Cm no Oc Ns Cm reserve
|
2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
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Allocate and reserve all needed storage from the start, rather than as needed.
|
2001-08-10 10:41:30 +00:00
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.It Oo Cm no Oc Ns Cm cluster
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2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
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Enable clustering on this disk.
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2001-08-10 10:41:30 +00:00
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.It Oo Cm no Oc Ns Cm compress
|
2012-04-09 01:20:50 +00:00
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Enable/disable compression features to reduce memory usage.
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2001-08-10 10:41:30 +00:00
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.It Oo Cm no Oc Ns Cm force
|
2012-04-09 01:20:50 +00:00
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Disable/enable extra sanity checks to prevent the user from doing something
|
2001-08-07 19:23:16 +00:00
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that might adversely affect the system.
|
2015-08-06 07:47:13 +00:00
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This can be used with the
|
2015-08-06 07:49:34 +00:00
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.Fl d
|
2015-08-06 07:47:13 +00:00
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flag to forcibly destroy an
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.Xr md 4
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disk that is still in use.
|
2001-08-10 10:41:30 +00:00
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.It Oo Cm no Oc Ns Cm readonly
|
2012-04-09 01:20:50 +00:00
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Enable/disable readonly mode.
|
2017-05-31 21:18:11 +00:00
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.It Oo Cm no Oc Ns Cm verify
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For
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.Cm vnode
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backed devices: enable/disable requesting verification of the
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file used for backing store.
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The type of verification depends on which security features are available.
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One example of verification is testing file integrity with
|
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checksums or cryptographic signatures.
|
2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
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.El
|
2001-01-01 23:08:26 +00:00
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.It Fl u Ar unit
|
2013-10-26 15:05:27 +00:00
|
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|
Request a specific unit number or device name for the
|
2001-01-10 14:53:46 +00:00
|
|
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.Xr md 4
|
2001-02-26 15:31:47 +00:00
|
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device instead of automatic allocation.
|
2020-11-06 15:38:51 +00:00
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If a device name is specified, it must start with
|
2013-10-26 15:05:27 +00:00
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.Dq md
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followed by the unit number.
|
2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
|
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.El
|
2011-04-29 22:40:11 +00:00
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.Pp
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The last form,
|
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.Nm
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.Ar file ,
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is provided for convenience as an abbreviation of
|
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.Nm
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.Fl a
|
2020-11-06 15:55:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Fl t Cm vnode
|
2011-04-29 22:40:11 +00:00
|
|
|
.Fl f Ar file .
|
2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh EXAMPLES
|
2015-08-06 07:47:13 +00:00
|
|
|
Create a disk with
|
2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pa /tmp/boot.flp
|
2015-08-06 07:47:13 +00:00
|
|
|
as backing storage.
|
|
|
|
The name of the allocated unit will be printed on stdout, such as
|
|
|
|
.Dq Li md0 :
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
|
|
mdconfig /tmp/boot.flp
|
|
|
|
.Ed
|
2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
2015-08-06 07:47:13 +00:00
|
|
|
Create a 1 gigabyte swap backed memory disk named
|
|
|
|
.Dq Li md3 :
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
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mdconfig -s 1g -u md3
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.Ed
|
2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
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.Pp
|
2012-04-09 01:20:50 +00:00
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|
Detach and free all resources used by
|
2015-08-06 07:47:13 +00:00
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.Pa /dev/md3 :
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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|
mdconfig -du md3
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.Ed
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.Pp
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|
Show detailed information on current memory disks:
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
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|
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mdconfig -lv
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|
.Ed
|
2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
|
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|
.Pp
|
2015-08-06 07:47:13 +00:00
|
|
|
Resize the
|
|
|
|
.Dq Li md3
|
|
|
|
memory disk to 2 gigabytes:
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
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|
|
|
mdconfig -rs 2g -u md3
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|
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|
.Ed
|
2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
2015-08-06 07:47:13 +00:00
|
|
|
Create a 1 gigabyte swap backed disk, initialize an
|
2007-11-11 08:12:21 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr ffs 7
|
|
|
|
file system on it, and mount it on
|
2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pa /tmp :
|
2001-01-10 14:53:46 +00:00
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
2015-08-06 07:47:13 +00:00
|
|
|
mdconfig -s 1g -u md10
|
2002-09-26 21:29:10 +00:00
|
|
|
newfs -U /dev/md10
|
|
|
|
mount /dev/md10 /tmp
|
2001-01-28 20:03:02 +00:00
|
|
|
chmod 1777 /tmp
|
2001-01-10 14:53:46 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ed
|
2003-10-11 09:59:25 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
2015-08-06 07:47:13 +00:00
|
|
|
Create a memory disk out of an ISO 9660 CD image file,
|
|
|
|
using the first available
|
2007-11-11 08:12:21 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr md 4
|
2015-08-06 07:47:13 +00:00
|
|
|
device, and then mount it:
|
2007-05-18 13:57:17 +00:00
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
2007-11-11 08:12:21 +00:00
|
|
|
mount -t cd9660 /dev/`mdconfig -f cdimage.iso` /mnt
|
2012-11-04 03:19:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ed
|
2015-08-06 07:47:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
2012-11-04 03:19:07 +00:00
|
|
|
Create a file-backed device from a hard disk image that begins
|
|
|
|
with 512K of raw header information.
|
|
|
|
.Xr gnop 8
|
|
|
|
is used to skip over the header information, positioning
|
|
|
|
.Pa md1.nop
|
|
|
|
to the start of the filesystem in the image.
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
2015-08-06 07:47:13 +00:00
|
|
|
mdconfig -u md1 -f diskimage.img
|
2012-11-04 03:19:07 +00:00
|
|
|
gnop create -o 512K md1
|
|
|
|
mount /dev/md1.nop /mnt
|
2007-05-18 13:57:17 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ed
|
2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
2017-05-31 21:18:11 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr open 2 ,
|
2000-12-31 11:20:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr md 4 ,
|
2007-11-11 08:12:21 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr ffs 7 ,
|
2015-09-02 14:08:43 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr gpart 8 ,
|
2003-04-27 01:46:56 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr mdmfs 8 ,
|
2001-01-10 14:53:46 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr malloc 9
|
2001-03-09 20:09:28 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
2002-07-06 19:34:18 +00:00
|
|
|
utility first appeared in
|
2001-03-09 20:09:28 +00:00
|
|
|
.Fx 5.0
|
2020-11-06 15:38:51 +00:00
|
|
|
as a cleaner replacement for the vn kernel module
|
|
|
|
and the vnconfig utility combo.
|
2001-03-09 20:09:28 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh AUTHORS
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
2002-07-06 19:34:18 +00:00
|
|
|
utility was written by
|
2014-06-20 09:40:43 +00:00
|
|
|
.An Poul-Henning Kamp Aq Mt phk@FreeBSD.org .
|