130 lines
3.8 KiB
Perl
130 lines
3.8 KiB
Perl
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.\" Copyright (c) 1984 M. K. McKusick
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.\" Copyright (c) 1984 The Regents of the University of California.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)0.t 1.2 (Berkeley) 11/8/90
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.\"
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.EQ
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delim $$
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.EN
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.if n .ND
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.TL
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Using gprof to Tune the 4.2BSD Kernel
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.AU
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Marshall Kirk McKusick
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.AI
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Computer Systems Research Group
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Computer Science Division
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Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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University of California, Berkeley
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Berkeley, California 94720
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.AB
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This paper describes how the \fIgprof\fP profiler
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accounts for the running time of called routines
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in the running time of the routines that call them.
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It then explains how to configure a profiling kernel on
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the 4.2 Berkeley Software Distribution of
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.UX
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for the VAX\(dd
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.FS
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\(dd VAX is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
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.FE
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and discusses tradeoffs in techniques for collecting
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profile data.
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\fIGprof\fP identifies problems
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that severely affects the overall performance of the kernel.
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Once a potential problem areas is identified
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benchmark programs are devised to highlight the bottleneck.
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These benchmarks verify that the problem exist and provide
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a metric against which to validate proposed solutions.
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Two caches are added to the kernel to alleviate the bottleneck
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and \fIgprof\fP is used to validates their effectiveness.
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.AE
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.LP
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.de PT
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.lt \\n(LLu
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.pc %
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.nr PN \\n%
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.tl '\\*(LH'\\*(CH'\\*(RH'
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.lt \\n(.lu
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..
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.af PN i
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.ds LH 4.2BSD Performance
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.ds RH Contents
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.bp 1
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.if t .ds CF May 21, 1984
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.if t .ds LF
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.if t .ds RF McKusick
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.ce
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.B "TABLE OF CONTENTS"
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.LP
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.sp 1
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.nf
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.B "1. Introduction"
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.LP
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.sp .5v
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.nf
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.B "2. The \fIgprof\fP Profiler"
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\0.1. Data Presentation"
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\0.1.1. The Flat Profile
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\0.1.2. The Call Graph Profile
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\0.2 Profiling the Kernel
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.LP
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.sp .5v
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.nf
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.B "3. Using \fIgprof\fP to Improve Performance
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\0.1. Using the Profiler
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\0.2. An Example of Tuning
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.LP
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.sp .5v
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.nf
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.B "4. Conclusions"
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.LP
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.sp .5v
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.nf
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.B Acknowledgements
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.LP
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.sp .5v
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.nf
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.B References
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.af PN 1
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.bp 1
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.de _d
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.if t .ta .6i 2.1i 2.6i
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.\" 2.94 went to 2.6, 3.64 to 3.30
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.if n .ta .84i 2.6i 3.30i
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..
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.de _f
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.if t .ta .5i 1.25i 2.5i
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.\" 3.5i went to 3.8i
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.if n .ta .7i 1.75i 3.8i
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..
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