Fix the fdisk(8) manual page.
s/partition/slice/ in fdisk.8 fix a bug in fdisk(8) where it did not honer -t when using -I PR: 36563 and 35688 Submitted by: bde Reviewed by: bde
This commit is contained in:
Tom Rhodes
parent
e89a35d565
commit
05a213f1e8
Notes:
svn2git
2020-12-20 02:59:44 +00:00
svn path=/head/; revision=95002
@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm fdisk
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.Nd PC partition table maintenance program
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.Nd PC slice table maintenance program
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl BIaistu
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@ -21,37 +21,37 @@
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In order for the BIOS to boot the kernel,
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certain conventions must be adhered to.
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Sector 0 of the disk must contain boot code,
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a partition table,
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a slice table,
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and a magic number.
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BIOS partitions can be used to break the disk up into several pieces.
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BIOS slices can be used to break the disk up into several pieces.
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The BIOS brings in sector 0 and verifies the magic number. The sector
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0 boot code then searches the partition table to determine which
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partition is marked
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0 boot code then searches the slice table to determine which
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slice is marked
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.Em active .
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This boot code then brings in the bootstrap from the
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.Em active
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partition and, if marked bootable, runs it.
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slice and, if marked bootable, runs it.
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Under DOS,
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you can have one or more partitions with one
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you can have one or more slices with one
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.Em active .
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The DOS
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.Nm
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program can be used to divide space on the disk into partitions and set one
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program can be used to divide space on the disk into slices and set one
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.Em active .
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Fx
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program
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.Nm
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program,
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.Nm ,
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serves a similar purpose to the DOS program. The first form is used to
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display partition information or to interactively edit the partition
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table. The second is used to write a partition table using a
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display slice information or to interactively edit the slice
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table. The second is used to write a slice table using a
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.Ar configfile
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and is designed to be used by other scripts/programs.
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.Pp
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Options are:
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.It Fl a
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Change the active partition only. Ignored if
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Change the active slice only. Ignored if
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.Fl f
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is given.
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.It Fl b Ar bootcode
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@ -65,13 +65,13 @@ if
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.Fl f
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is given.
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.It Fl f Ar configfile
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Set partition values using the file
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Set slice values using the file
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.Ar configfile .
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The
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.Ar configfile
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always modifies existing partitions, unless
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always modifies existing slices, unless
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.Fl i
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is also given, in which case all existing partitions are deleted (marked
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is also given, in which case all existing slices are deleted (marked
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as "unused") before the
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.Ar configfile
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is read. The
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@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ below, for file syntax.
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.Em WARNING :
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when
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.Fl f
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is used, you are not asked if you really want to write the partition
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is used, you are not asked if you really want to write the slices
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table (as you are in the interactive mode). Use with caution!
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.It Fl i
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Initialize sector 0 of the disk. This implies
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@ -95,15 +95,15 @@ unless
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is given.
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.It Fl I
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Initialize the contents of sector 0
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with one
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for one
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.Fx
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slice covering the entire disk.
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.It Fl s
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Print summary information and exit.
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.It Fl t
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Test mode; do not write partition values. Generally used with the
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Test mode; do not write slice values. Generally used with the
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.Fl f
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option to see what would be written to the partition table. Implies
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option to see what would be written to the slice table. Implies
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.Fl v .
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.It Fl u
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Is used for updating (editing) sector 0 of the disk. Ignored if
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@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ Be verbose. When
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.Fl f
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is used,
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.Nm
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prints out the partition table that is written to the disk.
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prints out the slice table that is written to the disk.
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.It Fl 1234
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Operate on a single fdisk entry only. Ignored if
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.Fl f
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@ -162,51 +162,50 @@ An example follows:
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end: cyl 197/ sector 33/ head 14
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The disk is divided into three partitions that happen to fill the disk.
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The second partition overlaps the end of the first.
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(Used for debugging purposes)
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The disk is divided into three slices that happen to fill the disk.
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The second slice overlaps the end of the first.
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(Used for debugging purposes.)
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.Bl -tag -width "cyl, sector and head"
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.It Em "sysid"
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is used to label the partition.
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is used to label the slice.
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.Fx
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reserves the
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magic number 165 decimal (A5 in hex).
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.It Em start No and Em size
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fields provide the start address
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and size of a partition in sectors.
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and size of a slice in sectors.
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.It Em "flag 80"
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specifies that this is the active partition.
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specifies that this is the active slice.
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.It Em cyl , sector No and Em head
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fields are used to specify the beginning address
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and end address for the partition.
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fields are used to specify the beginning and end addresses of the slice.
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.It Em Note :
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these numbers are calculated using BIOS's understanding of the disk geometry
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and saved in the bootblock.
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.El
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.Pp
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The flags
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The
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.Fl i
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or
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and
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.Fl u
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are used to indicate that the partition data is to be updated, unless the
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flags are used to indicate that the slice data is to be updated.
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Unless the
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.Fl f
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option is used. If the
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.Fl f
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option is not used, the
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option is also given,
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.Nm
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program will enter a conversational mode.
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This mode is designed not to change any data unless you explicitly tell it to.
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.Nm Fdisk
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selects defaults for its questions to guarantee the above behavior.
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will enter a conversational mode.
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In this mode, no changes will be written to disk unless you explicitly tell
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.Nm
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to.
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.Pp
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It displays each partition
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and ask if you want to edit it.
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.Nm Fdisk
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will display each slice and ask whether you want to edit it.
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If you say yes,
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it will step through each field showing the old value
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and asking for a new one.
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When you are done with a partition,
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.Nm
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will display it and ask if it is correct.
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will step through each field, show you the old value,
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and ask you for a new one.
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When you are done with the slice,
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.Nm
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will display it and ask you whether it is correct.
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.Nm Fdisk
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will then proceed to the next entry.
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.Pp
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@ -214,66 +213,67 @@ Getting the
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.Em cyl , sector ,
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and
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.Em head
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fields correct is tricky.
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So by default,
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fields correct is tricky, so by default,
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they will be calculated for you;
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you can specify them if you choose.
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you can specify them if you choose to though.
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.Pp
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After all the partitions are processed,
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After all the slices are processed,
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you are given the option to change the
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.Em active
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partition.
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Finally,
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when the all the data for the first sector has been accumulated,
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you are asked if you really want to rewrite sector 0.
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Only if you answer yes,
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will the data be written to disk.
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slice.
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Finally, when all the new data for sector 0 has been accumulated,
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you are asked to confirm whether you really want to rewrite it.
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.Pp
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The difference between the
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.Fl u
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flag and
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and
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.Fl i
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flag is that
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flags is that
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the
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.Fl u
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flag just edits the fields as they appear on the disk.
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While the
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flag just edits (updates) the fields as they appear on the disk,
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while the
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.Fl i
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flag is used to "initialize" sector 0;
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it will setup the last BIOS partition to use the whole disk for
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.Fx ;
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it will set up the last BIOS slice to use the whole disk for
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.Fx
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and make it active.
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.Sh NOTES
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The automatic calculation of starting cylinder etc. uses
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a set of figures that represent what the BIOS thinks is the
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geometry of the drive.
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These figures are by default taken from the incore disklabel,
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but the program initially gives you an opportunity to change them.
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This allows the user to create a bootblock that can work with drives
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a set of figures that represent what the BIOS thinks the
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geometry of the drive is.
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These figures are taken from the in-core disklabel by default,
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but
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.Nm
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initially gives you an opportunity to change them.
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This allows you to create a bootblock that can work with drives
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that use geometry translation under the BIOS.
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.Pp
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If you hand craft your disk layout,
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please make sure that the
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.Fx
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partition starts on a cylinder boundary.
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slice starts on a cylinder boundary.
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A number of decisions made later may assume this.
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(This might not be necessary later.)
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.Pp
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Editing an existing partition will most likely cause you to
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lose all the data in that partition.
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Editing an existing slice will most likely result in the loss of
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all data in that slice.
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.Pp
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You should run this program interactively once or twice to see how it
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works. This is completely safe as long as you answer the last question
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in the negative. There are subtleties that the program detects that are
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not fully explained in this manual page.
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You should run
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.Nm
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interactively once or twice to see how it works.
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This is completely safe as long as you answer the last question
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in the negative. There are subtleties that
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.Nm
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detects that are not fully explained in this manual page.
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.Sh CONFIGURATION FILE
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When the
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.Fl f
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option is given, a disk's partition table can be written using values
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option is given, a disk's slice table can be written using values
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from a
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.Ar configfile .
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The syntax of this file is very simple. Each line is either a comment or
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a specification, and whitespace (except for newlines) are ignored:
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The syntax of this file is very simple;
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each line is either a comment or a specification, as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Xo
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.Ic #
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@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ Lines beginning with a "#" are comments and are ignored.
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.Ar spec2
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.Ar spec3
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.Xc
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Set the BIOS geometry used in partition calculations. There must be
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Set the BIOS geometry used in slice calculations. There must be
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three values specified, with a letter preceding each number:
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.Sm off
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@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ Set the number of sectors/track to
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These specs can occur in any order, as the leading letter determines
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which value is which; however, all three must be specified.
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.Pp
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This line must occur before any lines that specify partition
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This line must occur before any lines that specify slice
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information.
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.Pp
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It is an error if the following is not true:
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@ -320,11 +320,11 @@ It is an error if the following is not true:
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The number of cylinders should be less than or equal to 1024, but this
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is not enforced, although a warning will be output. Note that bootable
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is not enforced, although a warning will be printed. Note that bootable
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.Fx
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partitions (the "/" filesystem) must lie completely within the
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slices (the "/" filesystem) must lie completely within the
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first 1024 cylinders; if this is not true, booting may fail.
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Non-bootable partitions do not have this restriction.
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Non-bootable slices do not have this restriction.
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.Pp
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Example (all of these are equivalent), for a disk with 1019 cylinders,
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39 heads, and 63 sectors:
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@ -335,13 +335,13 @@ g s63 h39 c1019
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.Ed
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.It Xo
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.Ic p
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.Ar partition
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.Ar slice
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.Ar type
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.Ar start
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.Ar length
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.Xc
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Set the partition given by
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.Ar partition
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Set the slice given by
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.Ar slice
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(1-4) to type
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.Ar type ,
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starting at sector
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@ -350,24 +350,24 @@ for
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.Ar length
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sectors.
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.Pp
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Only those partitions explicitly mentioned by these lines are modified;
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any partition not referenced by a "p" line will not be modified.
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However, if an invalid partition table is present, or the
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Only those slices explicitly mentioned by these lines are modified;
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any slice not referenced by a "p" line will not be modified.
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However, if an invalid slice table is present, or the
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.Fl i
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option is specified, all existing partition entries will be cleared
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option is specified, all existing slice entries will be cleared
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(marked as unused), and these "p" lines will have to be used to
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explicitly set partition information. If multiple partitions need to be
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set, multiple "p" lines must be specified; one for each partition.
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explicitly set slice information. If multiple slices need to be
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set, multiple "p" lines must be specified; one for each slice.
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.Pp
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These partition lines must occur after any geometry specification lines,
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These slice lines must occur after any geometry specification lines,
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if one is present.
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar type
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is 165 for
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.Fx
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partitions. Specifying a partition type of zero is
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the same as clearing the partition and marking it as unused; however,
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slices. Specifying a slice type of zero is
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the same as clearing the slice and marking it as unused; however,
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dummy values (such as "0") must still be specified for
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.Ar start
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and
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@ -377,14 +377,14 @@ Note: the start offset will be rounded upwards to a head boundary if
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necessary, and the end offset will be rounded downwards to a cylinder
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boundary if necessary.
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.Pp
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Example: to clear partition 4 and mark it as unused:
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Example: to clear slice 4 and mark it as unused:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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p 4 0 0 0
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Example: to set partition 1 to a
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Example: to set slice 1 to a
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.Fx
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partition, starting at sector 1
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slice, starting at sector 1
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for 2503871 sectors (note: these numbers will be rounded upwards and
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downwards to correspond to head and cylinder boundaries):
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.Pp
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@ -394,14 +394,14 @@ p 1 165 1 2503871
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.Pp
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.It Xo
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.Ic a
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.Ar partition
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.Ar slice
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.Xc
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Make
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.Ar partition
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the active partition. Can occur anywhere in the config file, but only
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.Ar slice
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the active slice. Can occur anywhere in the config file, but only
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one must be present.
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.Pp
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Example: to make partition 1 the active partition:
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Example: to make slice 1 the active slice:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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a 1
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.Ed
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@ -413,18 +413,21 @@ The default boot code
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr boot0cfg 8 ,
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.Xr disklabel 8
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.Xr disklabel 8 ,
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.Xr newfs 8
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.Sh BUGS
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The default boot code will not necessarily handle all partition types
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The default boot code will not necessarily handle all slice types
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correctly, in particular those introduced since MS-DOS 6.x.
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.Pp
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The entire program should be made more user-friendly.
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.Pp
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Throughout this man page, the term
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.Sq partition
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is used where it should actually be
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.Sq slice ,
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in order to conform with the terms used elsewhere.
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Most users new to
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.Fx
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do not understand the difference between
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.Ar slice
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and
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.Ar partition
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causing difficulty to adjust.
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.Pp
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You cannot use this command to completely dedicate a disk to
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.Fx .
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@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ static char *b_flag = NULL; /* path to boot code */
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static int i_flag = 0; /* replace partition data */
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static int u_flag = 0; /* update partition data */
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static int s_flag = 0; /* Print a summary and exit */
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static int t_flag = 0; /* test only, if f_flag is given */
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static int t_flag = 0; /* test only */
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static char *f_flag = NULL; /* Read config info from file */
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static int v_flag = 0; /* Be verbose */
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@ -349,11 +349,11 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
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partp->dp_start = dos_sectors;
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partp->dp_size = (disksecs / dos_cylsecs) * dos_cylsecs -
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dos_sectors;
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dos(partp);
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if (v_flag)
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print_s0(-1);
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write_s0();
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if (!t_flag)
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write_s0();
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exit(0);
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}
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if (f_flag) {
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@ -390,12 +390,12 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
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change_code();
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if (u_flag || a_flag || B_flag) {
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if (!t_flag) {
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if (!t_flag) {
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printf("\nWe haven't changed the partition table yet. ");
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printf("This is your last chance.\n");
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}
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print_s0(-1);
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if (!t_flag) {
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if (!t_flag) {
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if (ok("Should we write new partition table?"))
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write_s0();
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} else {
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user