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2
release/sysinstall/help/distributions.hlp
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ DISTRIBUTION INFORMATION
------------------------
An ``X-'' prefixed before a distribution set means that the XFree86
3.3.1 base distribution, libraries, manual pages, SVGA server and a
3.3.2 base distribution, libraries, manual pages, SVGA server and a
set of default fonts will be selected in addition to the set itself.
If you select such a set, you will also be presented with a set of
menus for customizing the selections to your desired X Window System

2
release/sysinstall/help/fixit.hlp
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@ -5,5 +5,3 @@ commands under /mnt2 as well as a more complete set of device files in
therefore require you to go to /mnt2/dev and use the entries there
rather than assuming that they will be present in the default /dev
(which came from the boot floppy and is very minimal).
When you're done, exit the shell to reboot.

399
release/sysinstall/help/hardware.hlp
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@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
Hardware Documentation Guide: $Id: hardware.hlp,v 1.33 1998/03/27 03:11:23 yokota Exp $
Contents last changed: Jan 14th, 1997
Table of Contents
-----------------
0. Document Conventions
1. Default Configuration (GENERIC kernel)
2. Using UserConfig to change FreeBSD kernel settings
3. LINT - other possible configurations.
4. Known Hardware Problems.
3. LINT - other possible configurations
4. Supported Hardware
See TROUBLE.TXT for Q&A on known hardware problems.
=========================================================================
@ -22,17 +20,15 @@ throughout this document to differentiate it from the machine output.
-- -------------------------------
The following table contains a list of all of the devices that are
present in the GENERIC kernel, that being the kernel (the operating
system) that was placed in your root partition during the FreeBSD
present in the GENERIC kernel. This is the essential part of the
operating system that is placed in your root partition during the
installation process. A compressed version of the GENERIC kernel is
also used on the installation floppy diskette and DOS boot image.
The table describes the various parameters used by the driver to
communicate with the hardware in your system. There are four
parameters in the table, though not all are used by each and every
device.
Detail:
device:
Port The starting I/O port used by the device, shown in hexadecimal.
@ -48,7 +44,8 @@ Detail:
If an entry in the table has `n/a' for a value then it means that the
parameter in question does not apply to that device. A value of `dyn'
means that the correct value should be determined automatically by the
kernel when the system boots.
kernel when the system boots and that you don't need to worry about
it.
FreeBSD GENERIC kernel:
@ -88,7 +85,7 @@ lpt1 dyn dyn n/a n/a Printer Port 1
de0 n/a n/a n/a n/a DEC DC21x40 PCI based cards
(including 21140 100bT cards)
ed0 280 10 dyn d8000 WD & SMC 80xx; Novell NE1000 &
ed0 280 10 dyn d8000 WD & SMC 80xx; Novell NE1000 &
NE2000; 3Com 3C503; HP PC Lan+
eg0 310 5 dyn dyn 3Com 3C505
ep0 300 10 dyn dyn 3Com 3C509
@ -258,7 +255,7 @@ ctx: Cortex-I frame grabber
cx: Cronyx/Sigma multiport sync/async
cy: Cyclades high-speed serial driver
el: 3Com 3C501
fea: DEV DEFEA EISA FDDI adater
fea: DEV DEFEA EISA FDDI adapter
fpa: DEC DEFPA PCI FDDI adapter
gp: National Instruments AT-GPIB and AT-GPIB/TNT board
gsc: Genius GS-4500 hand scanner
@ -266,10 +263,12 @@ gus: Gravis Ultrasound - Ultrasound, Ultrasound 16, Ultrasound MAX
gusxvi: Gravis Ultrasound 16-bit PCM
joy: Joystick
labpc: National Instrument's Lab-PC and Lab-PC+
meteor: Matrox Meteor frame-grabber card
meteor: Matrox Meteor frame-grabber card
bktr: Brooktree Bt848 based frame-grabber cards.
mpu: Roland MPU-401 stand-alone card
mse: Microsoft, Logitech, ATI bus mouse ports
mss: Microsoft Sound System
nic: Dr Neuhaus NICCY 3008, 3009 & 5000 ISDN cards
opl: Yamaha OPL-2 and OPL-3 FM - SB, SB Pro, SB 16, ProAudioSpectrum
pas: ProAudioSpectrum PCM and MIDI
pca: PCM audio ("/dev/audio") through your PC speaker
@ -278,6 +277,7 @@ rc: RISCom/8 multiport card
sb: SoundBlaster PCM - SoundBlaster, SB Pro, SB16, ProAudioSpectrum
sbmidi: SoundBlaster 16 MIDI interface
sbxvi: SoundBlaster 16
si: Specialix SI/XIO/SX (old and enhanced ISA, PCI, EISA) serial
spigot: Creative Labs Video Spigot video-acquisition board
uart: Stand-alone 6850 UART for MIDI
wds: Western Digital WD7000 IDE
@ -285,225 +285,200 @@ wds: Western Digital WD7000 IDE
--- end of list ---
4. Known Hardware Problems, Q & A:
-- -------------------------------
4. Supported Hardware
-- ------------------
Q: mcd0 keeps thinking that it has found a device and this stops my Intel
EtherExpress card from working.
FreeBSD currently runs on a wide variety of ISA, VLB, EISA and PCI bus
based PC's, ranging from 386sx to Pentium class machines (though the
386sx is not recommended). Support for generic IDE or ESDI drive
configurations, various SCSI controller, network and serial cards is
also provided.
A: Use the UserConfig utility (see section 1.0) and disable the probing of
the mcd0 and mcd1 devices. Generally speaking, you should only leave
the devices that you will be using enabled in your kernel.
What follows is a list of all peripherals currently known to work with
FreeBSD. Other configurations may also work, we have simply not as yet
received confirmation of this.
Q: FreeBSD claims to support the 3Com PCMCIA card, but my card isn't
recognized when it's plugged into my laptop.
4.1. Disk Controllers
---- ----------------
A: There are a couple of possible problems. First of all, FreeBSD does
not support multi-function cards, so if you have a combo
ethernet/modem card (such as the 3C562), it won't work. The
default driver for the 3C589 card was written just like all of the
other drivers in FreeBSD, and depend on the card's own configuration
data stored in NVRAM to work. You must correctly configure FreeBSD's
driver to match the IRQ, port, and IOMEM stored in NVRAM.
Unfortunately, the only program capable of reading them is the
3COM supplied DOS program. This program must be run on a absolutely
clean system (no other drivers must be running), and the program will
whine about CARD-Services not being found, but it will continue.
This is necessary to read the NVRAM values. You want to know the
IRQ, port, and IOMEM values (the latter is called the CIS tuple by
3COM). The first two can be set in the program, the third is
un-settable, and can only be read. Once you have these values, set
them in UserConfig and your card will be recognized.
WD1003 (any generic MFM/RLL)
WD1007 (any generic IDE/ESDI)
IDE
ATA
Q: FreeBSD finds my PCMCIA network card, but no packets appear to
be sent even though it claims to be working.
Adaptec 1535 ISA SCSI controllers
Adaptec 154x series ISA SCSI controllers
Adaptec 174x series EISA SCSI controller in standard and enhanced mode.
Adaptec 274X/284X/2940/3940 (Narrow/Wide/Twin) series ISA/EISA/PCI SCSI
controllers.
Adaptec AIC7850 on-board SCSI controllers.
A: Many PCMCIA cards have the ability to use either the 10-Base2 (BNC)
or 10-BaseT connectors for connecting to the network. The driver is
unable to 'auto-select' the correct connector, so you must tell it
which connector to use. In order to switch between the two
connectors, the link flags must be set. Depending on the model of
the card, '-link0 link1' or 'link0 -link1' will choose the correct
network connector. You can set these in sysinstall by using the
'Extra options to ifconfig:' field in the network setup screen.
Support for the following controllers is rather weak:
Adaptec 1510 series ISA SCSI controllers (not for bootable devices)
Adaptec 152x series ISA SCSI controllers
Adaptec AIC-6260 and AIC-6360 based boards, which includes the AHA-152x
and SoundBlaster SCSI cards.
** Note: You cannot boot from the SoundBlaster cards as they have no
on-board BIOS, such being necessary for mapping the boot device into the
system BIOS I/O vectors. They're perfectly usable for external tapes,
CDROMs, etc, however. The same goes for any other AIC-6x60 based card
without a boot ROM. Some systems DO have a boot ROM, which is generally
indicated by some sort of message when the system is first powered up
or reset, and in such cases you *will* also be able to boot from them.
Check your system/board documentation for more details.
Buslogic 545S & 545c
Buslogic 445S/445c VLB SCSI controller
Buslogic 742A, 747S, 747c EISA SCSI controller.
Buslogic 946c PCI SCSI controller
Buslogic 956c PCI SCSI controller
SymBios (formerly NCR) 53C810, 53C825, 53c860 and 53c875 PCI SCSI
controllers:
ASUS SC-200
Data Technology DTC3130 (all variants)
NCR cards (all)
Symbios cards (all)
Tekram DC390W, 390U and 390F
Tyan S1365
Tekram DC390 and DC390T controllers (maybe other cards based on the
AMD 53c974 as well).
NCR5380/NCR53400 ("ProAudio Spectrum") SCSI controller.
DTC 3290 EISA SCSI controller in 1542 emulation mode.
UltraStor 14F, 24F and 34F SCSI controllers.
Seagate ST01/02 SCSI controllers.
Future Domain 8xx/950 series SCSI controllers.
WD7000 SCSI controller.
FreeBSD 2.2.5 will be accompanied by a contributed driver for the
Future Domain 36C20 / Adaptec AHA2920 controller. This is not fully
supported (yet), but basically functional. Look into the /xperimnt
section of the CD-ROM.
With all supported SCSI controllers, full support is provided for
SCSI-I & SCSI-II peripherals, including Disks, tape drives (including
DAT and 8mm Exabyte) and CD ROM drives.
The following CD-ROM type systems are supported at this time:
(cd) SCSI interface (also includes ProAudio Spectrum and
SoundBlaster SCSI)
(mcd) Mitsumi proprietary interface (all models, driver is rather stale)
(matcd) Matsushita/Panasonic (Creative SoundBlaster) proprietary
interface (562/563 models)
(scd) Sony proprietary interface (all models)
(wcd) ATAPI IDE interface.
Q: The system finds my ed network card, but I keep getting device
timeout errors.
4.2. Ethernet cards
---- --------------
A: Your card is probably on a different IRQ from what is specified in the
kernel configuration. The ed driver does not use the `soft' configuration
by default (values entered using EZSETUP in DOS), but it will use the
software configuration if you specify `?' in the IRQ field of your kernel
config file.
Allied-Telesis AT1700 and RE2000 cards
Either move the jumper on the card to a hard configuration setting
(altering the kernel settings if necessary), or specify the IRQ as
`-1' in UserConfig or `?' in your kernel config file. This will
tell the kernel to use the soft configuration.
AMD PCnet/PCI (79c970 & 53c974 or 79c974)
Another possibility is that your card is at IRQ 9, which is shared
by IRQ 2 and frequently a cause of problems (especially when you
have a VGA card using IRQ 2! :). You should not use IRQ 2 or 9 if at
all possible.
SMC Elite 16 WD8013 ethernet interface, and most other WD8003E,
WD8003EBT, WD8003W, WD8013W, WD8003S, WD8003SBT and WD8013EBT
based clones. SMC Elite Ultra is also supported.
DEC EtherWORKS III NICs (DE203, DE204, and DE205)
DEC EtherWORKS II NICs (DE200, DE201, DE202, and DE422)
DEC DC21040, DC21041, or DC21140 based NICs (SMC Etherpower 8432T, DE245, etc)
DEC FDDI (DEFPA/DEFEA) NICs
Fujitsu MB86960A/MB86965A
HP PC Lan+ cards (model numbers: 27247B and 27252A).
Intel EtherExpress (not recommended due to driver instability)
Intel EtherExpress Pro/10
Intel EtherExpress Pro/100B PCI Fast Ethernet
Isolan AT 4141-0 (16 bit)
Isolink 4110 (8 bit)
Novell NE1000, NE2000, and NE2100 ethernet interface.
3Com 3C501 cards
3Com 3C503 Etherlink II
3Com 3c505 Etherlink/+
3Com 3C507 Etherlink 16/TP
3Com 3C509, 3C579, 3C589 (PCMCIA), 3C590/592/595/900/905 PCI and EISA
(Fast) Etherlink III / (Fast) Etherlink XL
Toshiba ethernet cards
PCMCIA ethernet cards from IBM and National Semiconductor are also
supported.
Note that NO token ring cards are supported at this time as we're
still waiting for someone to donate a driver for one of them. Any
takers?
Q: I go to boot from the hard disk for the first time after installing
FreeBSD, but the Boot Manager prompt just prints `F?' at the boot menu
each time but the boot won't go any further.
4.3. Misc
---- ----
A: The hard disk geometry was set incorrectly in the Partition editor when
you installed FreeBSD. Go back into the partition editor and specify
the actual geometry of your hard disk. You must reinstall FreeBSD
again from the beginning with the correct geometry.
AST 4 port serial card using shared IRQ.
If you are failing entirely in figuring out the correct geometry for
your machine, here's a tip: Install a small DOS partition at the
beginning of the disk and install FreeBSD after that. The install
program will see the DOS partition and try to infer the correct
geometry from it, which usually works.
ARNET 8 port serial card using shared IRQ.
ARNET (now Digiboard) Sync 570/i high-speed serial.
If you are setting up a truly dedicated FreeBSD server or work-
station where you don't care for (future) compatibility with DOS,
Linux or another operating system, you've also got the option to use
the entire disk (`A' in the partition editor), selecting the
non-standard option where FreeBSD occupies the entire disk from
the very first to the very last sector. This will leave all geometry
considerations aside, but is somewhat limiting unless you're never
going to run anything other than FreeBSD on a disk.
Boca BB1004 4-Port serial card (Modems NOT supported)
Boca IOAT66 6-Port serial card (Modems supported)
Boca BB1008 8-Port serial card (Modems NOT supported)
Boca BB2016 16-Port serial card (Modems supported)
Q: I have a Matsushita/Panasonic drive but it isn't recognized by the
system.
Cyclades Cyclom-y Serial Board.
A: Make certain that the I/O port that the matcd driver is set to is
correct for the host interface card you have. (Some SoundBlaster DOS
drivers report a hardware I/O port address for the CD-ROM interface
that is 0x10 lower than it really is.)
STB 4 port card using shared IRQ.
If you are unable to determine the settings for the card by examining
the board or documentation, you can use UserConfig to change the 'port'
address (I/O port) to -1 and start the system. This setting causes the
driver to look at a number of I/O ports that various manufacturers
use for their Matsushita/Panasonic/Creative CD-ROM interfaces.
Once the driver locates the address, you should run UserConfig again
and specify the correct address. Leaving the 'port' parameter set to -1
increases the amount of time that it takes the system to boot, and
this could interfere with other devices.
SDL Communications Riscom/8 Serial Board.
SDL Communications RISCom/N2 and N2pci high-speed sync serial boards.
The double-speed Matsushita CR-562 and CR-563 are the only drives
that are supported.
Specialix SI/XIO/SX multiport serial cards, with both the older
SIHOST2.x and the new "enhanced" (transputer based, aka JET) host cards.
ISA, EISA and PCI are supported.
Q: I booted the install floppy on my IBM ThinkPad (tm) laptop, and the
keyboard is all messed up.
Stallion multiport serial boards: EasyIO, EasyConnection 8/32 & 8/64,
ONboard 4/16 and Brumby.
A: Older IBM laptops use a non-standard keyboard controller, so you must
tell the console driver (sc0) to go into a special mode which works
on the ThinkPads. Change the sc0 'Flags' to 0x10 in UserConfig and
it should work fine. (Look in the Input Menu for 'Syscons Console
Driver'.)
Adlib, SoundBlaster, SoundBlaster Pro, ProAudioSpectrum, Gravis UltraSound
and Roland MPU-401 sound cards.
Connectix QuickCam
Matrox Meteor Video frame grabber
Creative Labs Video Spigot frame grabber
Cortex1 frame grabber
Various Frame grabbers based on Brooktree Bt848 chip.
HP4020, HP6020, Philips CDD2000/CDD2660 and Plasmon CD-R drives.
Bus mice
PS/2 mice
Standard PC Joystick
X-10 power controllers
GPIB and Transputer drivers.
Genius and Mustek hand scanners.
Floppy tape drives (some rather old models only, driver rather stale)
Q: I have a Matsushita/Panasonic CR-522, a Matsushita/Panasonic CR-523 or
a TEAC CD55a drive, but it is not recognized even when the correct I/O
port is set.
A: These CD-ROM drives are currently not supported by FreeBSD. The command
sets for these drives are not compatible with the double-speed CR-562
and CR-563 drives.
The single-speed CR-522 and CR-523 drives can be identified by their
use of a CD-caddy.
Q: I'm trying to install from a tape drive but all I get is something like:
st0(aha0:1:0) NOT READY csi 40,0,0,0
on the screen. Help!
A: There's a limitation in the current sysinstall that the tape MUST
be in the drive while sysinstall is started or it won't be detected.
Try again with the tape in the drive the whole time.
Q: I've installed FreeBSD onto my system, but it hangs when booting from
the hard drive with the message: ``Changing root to /dev/sd0a''.
A: This problem may occur in a system with a 3com 3c509 Ethernet adaptor.
The ep0 device driver appears to be sensitive to probes for other
devices that also use address 0x300. Boot your FreeBSD system by power
cycling the machine (turn off and on). At the ``Boot:'' prompt specify
the ``-c''. This will invoke UserConfig (see Section 1. above). Use
the ``disable'' command to disable the device probes for all devices
at address 0x300 except the ep0 driver. On exit, your machine should
successfully boot FreeBSD.
Q: My system hangs during boot, right after the "fd0: [my floppy drive]"
line.
A: This is not actually a hang, simply a very LONG "wdc0" probe that
often takes a long time to complete on certain systems (where there
usually _isn't_ a WD controller). Be patient, your system will boot!
To eliminate the problem, boot with the -c flag and eliminate the wdc0
device, or compile a custom kernel.
Q: My system can not find my Intel EtherExpress 16 card.
A: You must set your Intel EtherExpress 16 card to be memory mapped at
address 0xD0000, and set the amount of mapped memory to 32K using
the Intel supplied softset.exe program.
Q: When installing on an EISA HP Netserver, my on-board AIC-7xxx
SCSI controller isn't detected.
A: This is a known problem, and will hopefully be fixed in the future.
In order to get your system installed at all, boot with the -c
option into UserConfig, but _don't_ use the pretty visual mode but
the plain old CLI mode. Type
eisa 12
quit
there at the prompt. (Instead of `quit', you might also type
`visual', and continue the rest of the configuration session in
visual mode.) While it's recommended to compile a custom kernel,
dset(8) now also understands to save this value.
Refer to the FAQ topic 3.16 for an explanation of the problem, and
for how to continue. Remember that you can find the FAQ on your
local system in /usr/share/doc/FAQ, provided you have installed the
`doc' distribution.
Q: I have this CMD640 IDE controller that is said to be broken.
A: Yes, it is. There's a workaround available now and it is enabled
automatically if this chip is used on your system.
For the details refer to the manual page of the disk driver (man 4 wd).
Q: On a Compaq Aero notebook, I get the message "No floppy devices found!
Please check ..." when trying to install from floppy.
A: With Compaq being always a little different from other systems, they
do not announce their floppy drive in the CMOS RAM of an Aero notebook.
Therefore, the floppy disk driver assumes there is no drive configured.
Go to the UserConfig screen, and set the Flags value of the fdc0 device
to 0x1. This pretends the existance of the first floppy drive (as a
1.44 MB drive) to the driver without asking the CMOS at all.
Q: When I go to boot my Intel AL440LX ("Atlanta") -based system from the
hard disk the first time, it stops with a "Read Error" message.
A: There appears to be a bug in the BIOS on at least some of these boards,
this bug results in the FreeBSD bootloader thinking that it is booting
from a floppy disk.
This is only a problem if you are not using the BootEasy boot manager.
Slice the disk in 'compatible' mode and install BootEasy during the
FreeBSD installation to avoid the bug.
[ Please add more hardware tips to this Q&A section! ]
FreeBSD currently does NOT support IBM's microchannel (MCA) bus.

626
release/sysinstall/help/install.hlp
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@ -2,229 +2,179 @@
| |
| Table of Contents: |
| |
| 0.0 Quick Start |
| 0.1 Installing FreeBSD for the impatient. |
| 0.0 Quick Start: |
| 0.1 Installing FreeBSD from CDROM or the Internet. |
| |
| 1.0 DOS User's Q&A section. |
| 1.1 How do I make space for FreeBSD? |
| 1.2 Can I use compressed DOS filesystems from FreeBSD? |
| 1.3 Can I use DOS extended partitions? |
| 1.4 Can I run DOS executables under FreeBSD? |
| 1.0 Detail on various installation types: |
| 1.1 Installing from a network CDROM |
| 1.2 Installing from Floppies |
| 1.3 Installing from a DOS partition |
| 1.4 Installing from QIC/SCSI tape |
| 1.5 Installing over a network using NFS or FTP |
| 1.5.1 NFS Installation tips |
| 1.5.2 FTP Installation tips |
| |
| 2.0 Preparing for the installation. |
| 2.1 Before installing from CDROM |
| 2.2 Before installing from Floppy |
| 2.3 Before installing from a DOS partition |
| 2.4 Before installing from QIC/SCSI tape |
| 2.5 Before installing over a network |
| 2.5.1 Preparing for NFS Installation |
| 2.5.2 Preparing for FTP Installation |
| |
| 3.0 Installing FreeBSD. |
| |
| 3.1 Repairing an existing FreeBSD installation. |
| |
| 3.2 Upgrading from earlier releases of FreeBSD. |
| 2.0 DOS User's Q&A section. |
| 2.1 How do I make space for FreeBSD? |
| 2.2 Can I use compressed DOS filesystems from FreeBSD? |
| 2.3 Can I use DOS extended partitions? |
| 2.4 Can I run DOS executables under FreeBSD? |
| |
+=====================================================================+
Author: Jordan K. Hubbard
Last updated: Tue Mar 24 00:56:14 PST 1998
0.0 Quick Start
=== ===========
--- -----------
This manual documents the process of installing FreeBSD on your
machine. Please also see the Hardware Guide (HARDWARE.TXT, or the
"Hardware" selection in the Documentation submenu of the boot floppy)
for hardware-specific installation instructions if you're not sure how
to configure your hardware or don't know what sorts of things one
should watch out for with PC UNIXes in general or FreeBSD in
particular.
This manual documents the process of making a new installation of
FreeBSD on your machine. If you are upgrading from a previous
release of FreeBSD, please see the file UPGRADE.TXT for important
information on upgrading. If you are not familiar with configuring
PC hardware for FreeBSD, you should also read the HARDWARE.TXT file -
it contains important information which may save you a lot of grief.
If you're new to FreeBSD then you should also read EVERYTHING listed
in the Documentation menu on the boot floppy. It may seem like a lot
to read, but the time you spend now reading the documents will be made
up many times over because you were adequately prepared. Also, you will
know the types of information available should you get stuck later.
Once the system is installed, you can also revisit this menu and use a
WEB browser to read the installed FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) and
Handbook HTML documentation sets for FreeBSD. You can also use the
browser to visit other WEB sites on the net (like http://www.freebsd.org)
if you have an Internet connection. See ABOUT.TXT for more information
on the resources available to you.
The best laid plans sometimes go awry, so if you run into trouble take a
look at TROUBLE.TXT which contains valuable troubleshooting information.
DISCLAIMER: While FreeBSD does its best to safeguard against
accidental loss of data, it's still more than possible to WIPE OUT
YOUR ENTIRE DISK with this installation! Please do not proceed to the
final FreeBSD installation menu unless you've adequately backed up any
important data first! We really mean it!
FreeBSD requires a 386 or better processor to run (sorry, there is no
support for '286 processors), 5 megs of RAM to install and 4 megs of
ram to run. You will need at least 80 megs of hard drive space free
on either a dedicated disk or a "primary," (not extended partition,
to use the DOS terminology). See below for ways to shrink existing
DOS partitions to install FreeBSD.
0.1 Installing FreeBSD for the impatient:
0.1 Installing FreeBSD from CDROM or the Internet
--- ---------------------------------------------
So, you'd like to get started right away and a 3-chapter installation
guide is not for you, eh? No problem. First off, you need to get
yourself into the FreeBSD installation procedure. Assuming that you
have either a supported CDROM drive and an installation CD, or you
have a fast, reliable Internet connection to one of the FreeBSD mirror
sites, then this can be easily accomplished in one of three ways:
The easiest type of installation is from CD. If you have a supported
CDROM drive and a FreeBSD installation CD from Walnut Creek CDROM,
there are 3 ways of starting the installation from it:
1. If your system supports bootable CDROM media (usually an option
which can be selectively enabled in the controller's setup menu
or in the PC BIOS for some systems) and you have it enabled,
FreeBSD 2.2.1 and later CDs support the "El Torrito" bootable
CD standard and simply having the 1st CD in your CDROM drive
during system boot will cause the installation to be executed.
CD standard. Simply put the installation CD in your CDROM drive
and boot the system to begin installation.
2. If you have a FreeBSD distribution CD which you can see
from DOS, first disable any fancy memory managers you may
have configured and do this:
2. If you have drivers which allow you to see your CDROM drive
from from DOS, first disable any fancy memory managers you may
have configured, change directory to the CDROM (E:\ in the example
below) and then type this:
E> install
You should boot directly into the FreeBSD installation
screen.
NOTE: If this fails for any reason, go to step 3:
and you should boot directly into the FreeBSD installation.
If either steps fail, please go on to step 3.
3. Build a FreeBSD boot floppy from the floppies/boot.flp
file in a FreeBSD distribution. If you have a CD distribution,
simply run the ``makeflp.bat'' script, otherwise read
floppies/README.TXT for information on how to "image copy"
this file onto a floppy. Then simply boot directly from the
floppy and you should go into the installation after making a
stop at the kernel configuration menu.
file in a FreeBSD distribution. Either simply use the
``makeflp.bat'' script from DOS or read floppies/README.TXT
for more information on creating bootable floppies under
different operating systems. Then you simply boot
from the floppy and you should go into the FreeBSD
installation.
If you don't have a CDROM and would like to simply install over the
net using PPP, slip or a dedicated connection, simply fetch the
<FreeBSD-release>/floppies/boot.flp file from:
ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD
or one of its many mirrors (http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/mirrors.html)
and follow step 3 above. You should also read the floppies/README.TXT
file as it contains important information for downloaders.
Once you have a boot floppy made, please go to section 1.5 of this
document for additional tips on installing via FTP or NFS.
Once you're in the installation screen, you should be able to follow
the various menu prompts and go from there. If you've never used the
FreeBSD installation before, you are also encouraged to read some of
the documentation in the first "Usage" menu choice, as well as the
various docs in the Documentation submenu (though if you're reading
this section, you're probably not about to do any of that :-).
1.0 Detail on various installation types
--- ------------------------------------
Remember: If you get stuck at a screen, hit F1 for the online
documentation for that section. It may not always be the best
written doc around, but it's usually a lot better than nothing!
Once you've gotten yourself to the initial installation screen
somehow, you should be able to follow the various menu prompts and go
from there. If you've never used the FreeBSD installation before, you
are also encouraged to read some of the documentation in the the
Documentation submenu as well as the general "Usage" instructions on
the first menu.
If you have a network connection (either ppp/slip or dedicated) the
installation will manage the outgoing connection for you in fetching
any additional distribution bits you may need along the way. If
you're using a CDROM, this is even more painless as no network
connection is needed unless you require DES bits or other
export-restricted software (all of which are available without
restriction as after-installation components from
ftp.internat.freebsd.org). If you're going to do a DOS install,
you should simply run the ``setup.exe'' program now and follow
its instructions.
REMEMBER: If you get stuck at a screen, hit F1 for the online
documentation for that section.
If you've never installed FreeBSD before, or even if you have, the
"Novice" installation mode is the most recommended since it makes sure
that you'll visit all the various important checklist items along the
way. If you're much more comfortable with the FreeBSD installation
process and know _exactly_ what you want to do, use the Express or
Custom installation options. If you're upgrading an existing system,
use the Upgrade option.
The FreeBSD installer supports the direct use of floppy, DOS, tape,
CDROM, FTP, NFS and UFS partitions as installation media, and further
information on installing from each type of media is contained below
if this "quick start" section is not enough to get you going. See the
appropriate section in the table of contents.
CDROM, FTP, NFS and UFS partitions as installation media, further tips
on installing from each type of media listed below.
1.1 Installing from a network CDROM
--- -------------------------------
1.0 DOS user's Question and Answer section
=== ======================================
If you simply wish to install from a local CDROM drive then see the
Quick Start section. If you don't have a CDROM drive on your system
and wish to use a FreeBSD distribution CD in the CDROM drive of
another system to which you have network connectivity, there are
several ways of going about it:
1.1 Help! I have no space! Do I need to delete everything first?
1. If you would be able to FTP install FreeBSD directly from the CDROM
drive in some FreeBSD machine, it's quite easy: You simply add the
following line to the password file (using the vipw command):
If your machine is already running DOS and has little or no free space
available for FreeBSD's installation, all is not lost! You may find
the "FIPS" utility, provided in the tools/ subdirectory on the FreeBSD
CDROM or on the various FreeBSD ftp sites, to be quite useful.
ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin
FIPS allows you to split an existing DOS partition into two pieces,
preserving the original partition and allowing you to install onto the
second free piece. You first "defrag" your DOS partition, using the
DOS 6.xx "DEFRAG" utility or the Norton Disk tools, then run FIPS. It
will prompt you for the rest of the information it needs. Afterwards,
you can reboot and install FreeBSD on the new partition. Also note
that FIPS will create the second partition as a "clone" of the first,
so you'll actually see that you now have two DOS Primary partitions
where you formerly had one. Don't be alarmed! You can simply delete
the extra DOS Primary partition (making sure it's the right one by
examining its size! :)
And anyone else on your network will now be able to chose a Media type
of FTP and type in: ``ftp://<machine with CDROM drive>'' after picking
"Other" in the ftp sites menu.
See the Distributions menu for an estimation of how much free space
you'll need for the kind of installation you want.
2. If you would rather use NFS to export the CDROM directly to the
machine(s) you'll be installing from, you need to first add an
entry to the /etc/exports file (on the machine with the CDROM drive)
which looks something like this:
/cdrom -ro ziggy.foo.com
To allow the machine "ziggy.foo.com" to mount the CDROM directly
via NFS during installation. The machine with the CDROM must also
be configured as an NFS server, of course, and if you're not sure how
to do that then an NFS installation is probably not the best choice
for you unless you're willing to read up on rc.conf(5) and configure
things appropriately. Assuming that this part goes smoothly, you
should be able to enter: <cdrom-host>:/cdrom as the path for an NFS
installation when the target machine is installed.
1.2 Can I use compressed DOS filesystems from FreeBSD?
No. If you are using a utility such as Stacker(tm) or
DoubleSpace(tm), FreeBSD will only be able to use whatever portion of
the filesystem you leave uncompressed. The rest of the filesystem
will show up as one large file (the stacked/dblspaced file!). DO NOT
REMOVE THAT FILE as you will probably regret it greatly!
It is probably better to create another uncompressed DOS primary
partition and use this for communications between DOS and FreeBSD if
such is your desire.
1.3 Can I mount my DOS extended partitions?
Yes. DOS extended partitions are mapped in at the end of the other
``slices'' in FreeBSD, e.g. your D: drive might be /dev/sd0s5, your E:
drive /dev/sd0s6, and so on. This example assumes, of course, that
your extended partition is on SCSI drive 0. For IDE drives, substitute
``wd'' for ``sd'' appropriately. You otherwise mount extended
partitions exactly like you would mount any other DOS drive, e.g.:
mount -t msdos /dev/sd0s5 /dos_d
1.4 Can I run DOS binaries under FreeBSD?
Not yet! We'd like to add support for this someday, but are still
lacking anyone to actually do the work. Ongoing work with BSDI's
RUNDOS utility may bring this much closer to being a reality sometime
soon. Send mail to freebsd-hackers@FreeBSD.org if you're interested in
joining this effort!
There is, however, a neat utility called "pcemu" in the ports
collection which emulates an 8088 and enough BIOS services to run DOS
text mode applications. It requires the X Window System (provided as
XFree86 3.2) to operate.
2.0 Preparing for the installation
=== ==============================
2.1 Before installing from CDROM:
If your CDROM is of an unsupported type, then please skip to section
2.3 which describes how to install from a DOS partition.
There is not a lot of preparatory work that needs to be done to
successfully install from one of Walnut Creek's FreeBSD CDROMs (other
CDROM distributions may work as well, though we cannot say for certain
as we have no hand or say in how they're created). You can either
boot into the CD installation directly from DOS using Walnut Creek's
supplied ``install.bat'' batch file or you can make a boot floppy with
the ``makeflp.bat'' command.
For the easiest interface of all (from DOS), type "view". This will
bring up a DOS menu utility that leads you through all the available
options.
Once you've booted from DOS or floppy, you should then be able to
select CDROM as the media type in the Media menu and load the entire
distribution from CDROM (note: If you have only one CDROM drive, and
the appropriate FreeBSD CDROM is detected in it, it will be selected
automatically as your media).
After your system is fully installed and you have rebooted from the
hard disk, you can also mount the cdrom at any time by typing: ``mount
/cdrom''. Before removing the CD again, also note that it's necessary
to first type ``umount /cdrom''. Don't just remove it from the drive!
SPECIAL NOTE: Before invoking the installation, be sure that the CDROM
is in the drive so that the "probe" can find it! This is also true if
you wish the CDROM to be added to the default system configuration
automatically during the install (whether or not you actually use it
as the installation media).
INSTALLATION TIP: If you would like people to be able to FTP install
FreeBSD directly from the CDROM in your machine, you'll find it quite
easy. After the machine is fully installed, you simply need to add
the following line to the password file (using the vipw command):
ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/nonexistent
Anyone else at your site will now be able to chose a Media type of FTP
and type in: ftp://<your machine> after picking "Other" in the ftp
sites menu to install directly from the CD in your machine.
2.2 Before installing from Floppy:
1.2 Installing from Floppies
--- ------------------------
If you must install from floppy disks, either due to unsupported
hardware or just because you enjoy doing things the hard way, you must
@ -232,6 +182,10 @@ first prepare some floppies for the install.
First, make a boot floppy as described in floppies/README.TXT
Second, read the file LAYOUT.TXT and pay special attention to the
"Distribution format" section since it describes which files you're
going to need to put onto floppy and which you can safely skip.
Next you will need, at minimum, as many 1.44MB floppies as it takes to
hold all files in the bin (binary distribution) directory. If you're
preparing these floppies under DOS, then THESE floppies *must* be
@ -239,7 +193,7 @@ formatted using the MS-DOS FORMAT command. If you're using Windows,
use the Windows File Manager format command.
Don't trust Factory Preformatted floppies! Format them again
yourself, just to make sure! Many problems reported by our users in
yourself, just to make sure. Many problems reported by our users in
the past have resulted from the use of improperly formatted media,
which is why I'm taking such special care to mention it here!
@ -273,7 +227,8 @@ Once you come to the Media screen of the install, select "Floppy" and
you'll be prompted for the rest.
2.3 Before installing from a DOS partition:
1.3 Installing from a DOS partition
--- -------------------------------
To prepare for installation from an MS-DOS partition you should simply
copy the files from the distribution into a directory called
@ -304,14 +259,13 @@ this - disable QEMM or EMM386 if they're running before trying this)
or making a boot floppy as described in section 0.1.
1.4 Installing from QIC/SCSI Tape
--- -----------------------------
2.4 Before installing from QIC/SCSI Tape:
Installing from tape is probably the easiest method, short of an
on-line install using FTP or a CDROM. The installation program
expects the files to be simply tar'ed onto the tape, so after getting
all of the files for the distributions you're interested in, simply
tar them onto the tape with a command like:
When installing from tape, the installation program expects the files
to be simply tar'ed onto it, so after fetching all of the files for
the distributions you're interested in, simply tar them onto the tape
with a command something like this:
cd /where/you/have/your/dists
tar cvf /dev/rwt0 (or /dev/rst0) dist1 .. dist2
@ -332,20 +286,20 @@ Now create a boot floppy as described in section 0.1 and proceed with
the installation.
2.5 Before installing over a network:
1.5 Installing over a network using FTP or NFS
--- ------------------------------------------
After making a boot floppy, as described in section 2.1, you can load
the rest of the installation over a network.
You can do network installations over 3 types of connections:
After making a boot floppy as described in the first section, you can
load the rest of the installation over a network using one of 3 types
of connections:
Serial port: SLIP / PPP
Parallel port: PLIP (using ``laplink'' style cable)
Ethernet: A standard Ethernet controller (including
some PCMCIA).
certain PCCARD devices).
Serial Port:
------------
Serial Port
-----------
SLIP support is rather primitive, and is limited primarily to
hard-wired links, such as a serial cable running between two
@ -366,31 +320,34 @@ dialing out with your particular brand of modem as the PPP dialer
provides only a very simple terminal emulator.
Parallel Port:
--------------
Parallel Port
-------------
If a hard-wired connection to another FreeBSD (2.0R or later) or Linux
machine is available, you might also consider installing over a
"laplink" style parallel port cable. The data rate over the parallel
port is much higher than what is typically possible over a serial line
(up to 50k/sec), thus resulting in a quicker installation.
(up to 50k/sec), thus resulting in a quicker installation. It's not
typically necessary to use "real" IP addresses when using a
point-to-point parallel cable in this way and you can generally just
use RFC 1918 style addresses for the ends of the link (e.g. 10.0.0.1,
10.0.0.2, etc).
IMPORTANT NOTE: If you use a Linux machine as your PLIP peer, you will
also have to specify "link0" in the TCP/IP setup screen's ``extra
options for ifconfig'' field.
IMPORTANT NOTE: If you use a Linux machine rather than a FreeBSD
machine as your PLIP peer, you will also have to specify "link0" in
the TCP/IP setup screen's ``extra options for ifconfig'' field.
Ethernet:
---------
Ethernet
--------
For the fastest possible network installation, an Ethernet adaptor is
always a good choice! FreeBSD supports most common PC Ethernet cards,
a table of supported cards (and their required settings) being
provided as part of the FreeBSD Hardware Guide (see the Documentation
menu on the boot floppy or the top level directory of the CDROM). If
you are using one of the supported PCMCIA Ethernet cards, also be sure
that it's plugged in _before_ the laptop is powered on! FreeBSD does
not, unfortunately, currently support "hot insertion" of PCMCIA cards.
FreeBSD supports most common PC Ethernet cards, a table of supported
cards (and their required settings) being provided as part of the
FreeBSD Hardware Guide (see the Documentation menu on the boot floppy
or the top level directory of the CDROM). If you are using one of the
supported PCMCIA Ethernet cards, also be sure that it's plugged in
_before_ the laptop is powered on! FreeBSD does not, unfortunately,
currently support "hot insertion" of PCMCIA cards during installation.
You will also need to know your IP address on the network, the
"netmask" value for your address class and the name of your machine.
@ -403,13 +360,15 @@ provider's IP address) to use in talking to it.
If you do not know the answers to these questions then you should
really probably talk to your system administrator _first_ before
trying this type of installation! Using a randomly chosen IP address
or netmask on a live network will almost certainly get you shot.
or netmask on a live network will almost certainly get you shot at
dawn.
Once you have a network connection of some sort working, the
installation can continue over NFS or FTP.
2.5.1 Preparing for NFS installation:
1.5.1 NFS installation tips
----- ---------------------
NFS installation is fairly straight-forward: Simply copy the
FreeBSD distribution files you want onto a server somewhere
@ -437,12 +396,13 @@ installation can continue over NFS or FTP.
properly enabled!
2.5.2 Preparing for FTP Installation
1.5.2 FTP Installation tips
----- ---------------------
FTP installation may be done from any mirror site containing a
reasonably up-to-date version of FreeBSD 2.2. A full menu of
reasonably up-to-date version of FreeBSD. A full menu of
reasonable choices for almost any location in the world is
provided in the FTP site menu.
provided in the FTP site menu during installation.
If you are installing from some other FTP site not listed in
this menu, or you are having troubles getting your name server
@ -480,183 +440,77 @@ installation can continue over NFS or FTP.
Where "1234" is the port number of the proxy ftp server.
2.0 DOS user's Question and Answer section
--- --------------------------------------
3.0 Installing FreeBSD
--- ------------------
2.1 Help! I have no space! Do I need to delete everything first?
--- --------------------------------------------------------------
Once you've taken note of the appropriate preinstallation steps, you
should be able to install FreeBSD without any further trouble.
If your machine is already running DOS and has little or no free space
available for FreeBSD's installation, all is not lost! You may find
the "FIPS" utility, provided in the tools/ subdirectory on the FreeBSD
CDROM or on the various FreeBSD ftp sites, to be quite useful.
Should the installation fail at some stage, then you may wish to go
back and re-read the relevant preparation section (section 2.x) for
the installation media type you're trying to use. Perhaps there's a
helpful hint there that you missed the first time? If you're having
hardware trouble or FreeBSD refuses to boot at all, then read the
Hardware Guide again for a list of possible solutions.
FIPS allows you to split an existing DOS partition into two pieces,
preserving the original partition and allowing you to install onto the
second free piece. You first "defrag" your DOS partition, using the
DOS 6.xx "DEFRAG" utility or the Norton Disk tools, then run FIPS. It
will prompt you for the rest of the information it needs. Afterwards,
you can reboot and install FreeBSD on the new partition. Also note
that FIPS will create the second partition as a "clone" of the first,
so you'll actually see that you now have two DOS Primary partitions
where you formerly had one. Don't be alarmed! You can simply delete
the extra DOS Primary partition (making sure it's the right one by
examining its size! :)
The FreeBSD boot floppy contains all the on-line documentation you
should need to be able to navigate through an installation, and if it
doesn't then I'd like to know what you found most confusing so that I
can fix it in future releases! It is the objective of the FreeBSD
installation program (sysinstall) to be self-documenting enough that
painful "step-by-step" guides are no longer necessary.
NOTE: FIPS does NOT currently work with FAT32 or VFAT style partitions
as used by newer versions of Windows 95. To split up such a
partition, you will need a commercial product such as Partition Magic
3.0. Sorry, but this is just the breaks if you've got a Windows
partition hogging your whole disk and you don't want to reinstall from
scratch.
Installation type overview:
2.2 Can I use compressed DOS filesystems from FreeBSD?
--- --------------------------------------------------
o Custom installation:
No. If you are using a utility such as Stacker(tm) or
DoubleSpace(tm), FreeBSD will only be able to use whatever portion of
the filesystem you leave uncompressed. The rest of the filesystem
will show up as one large file (the stacked/dblspaced file!). DO NOT
REMOVE THAT FILE as you will probably regret it greatly!
You can do anything you like in this menu without altering your system
_except_ for "Commit", which will perform any pending actions you may
have selected. Some of the menu options will also have direct `Write'
commands available for committing an operation immediately, but they
should only be used if you're *absolutely sure* it's necessary. It's
generally safer to stack up your changes and then commit them all at
once so that you're left with the option of changing your mind up to
the very last moment. In particular, the (W)rite options in the fdisk
and label screens WILL NOT WORK for a new installation! They're meant
for tweaking *existing* installations, not doing new ones. Use the
final commit option as there is no advantage whatsoever to be gained
in writing the information out stage by stage in a new installation.
If you're confused at any point, the F1 key will pull up what is
hopefully some helpful information for the screen you're in.
It is probably better to create another uncompressed DOS primary
partition and use this for communications between DOS and FreeBSD if
such is your desire.
o Express installation:
2.3 Can I mount my DOS extended partitions?
--- ---------------------------------------
This installation will invoke all the appropriate steps in order as if
you'd selected them one by one from the custom installation menu. It
assumes that you *know what you are doing* and have run the
installation at least once before. If this is not the case, the
Novice installation method is recommended.
Yes. DOS extended partitions are mapped in at the end of the other
``slices'' in FreeBSD, e.g. your D: drive might be /dev/sd0s5, your E:
drive /dev/sd0s6, and so on. This example assumes, of course, that
your extended partition is on SCSI drive 0. For IDE drives, substitute
``wd'' for ``sd'' appropriately. You otherwise mount extended
partitions exactly like you would mount any other DOS drive, e.g.:
mount -t msdos /dev/sd0s5 /dos_d
o Novice installation:
2.4 Can I run DOS binaries under FreeBSD?
--- -------------------------------------
The Novice installation leads you through the required stages in the
proper order and presents you with various helpful prompts in between.
Once the system is installed, it will also present you with the
opportunity to perform a variety of "post install" actions.
Not yet! We'd like to add support for this someday, but are still
lacking anyone to actually do the work. Ongoing work with BSDI's
doscmd utility is bringing this much closer to being a reality in
FreeBSD-current (AKA 3.0) and you should send mail to
freebsd-hackers@FreeBSD.org if you're interested in joining this
effort!
A quick synopsis of the stages involved in a novice installation
follows:
There is also a neat utility called "pcemu" in the ports collection
which emulates an 8088 and enough BIOS services to run DOS text mode
applications. It requires the X Window System (provided as XFree86
3.2) to operate.
o The first step is the `Partition Editor', which allows
you to chose how your drives will be used for FreeBSD.
If you're dedicating an entire drive to FreeBSD, the
`A' command is probably all you need to type here, otherwise
move to a partition marked `Unused' (or delete an existing one)
and use the `C' command to create a FreeBSD partition in its
place.
o Next, with the `Label Editor', you can specify how the space
in any FreeBSD partitions should be used by FreeBSD. You
can also mount any non-FreeBSD partitions (such as DOS) in this
screen. If you want the standard layout, simply type `A' for
the defaults.
o Next, the `Distributions' menu allows you to specify how much
of FreeBSD you'd like to load. A good choice is the "User"
distribution for a small system or the "Developer" distribution
for someone wanting a more programmer-oriented configuration.
If none of the existing collections seem applicable, select
Custom to choose the component distributions yourself.
o Next, the `Media' menu allows you to specify what kind of
media you wish to install from. If a given media type requires
extra information, such as networking information for an FTP
or NFS install, it will also be asked for at this point.
o Finally, you'll be prompted to commit all of these actions at
once (nothing has been written to your disk so far, nor will
it until you give the final confirmation).
All new or changed partition information will be written
out, file systems will be created and/or non-destructively
labeled (depending on how you set their newfs flags in the
Label Editor) and all selected distributions will be
extracted.
o After the system is fully installed, you'll then have the
option to configure the system in various ways, install a
WEB server, etc.
At this point, you're generally done with the sysinstall utility and
can reboot the system. If you elected to install the boot manager,
you should now see a small boot menu with an `F?' prompt. Press the
function key corresponding to the BSD partition and you should boot up
into FreeBSD off the hard disk.
If this fails to happen for some reason, see the Q & A section of the
Hardware Guide for possible clues! The most likely problem is a
mis-matched disk geometry, which will have to be corrected with a
second pass through the install, using the (G) command in the fdisk
menu to properly set the geometry the next time.
Should you wish to re-enter this installation later, you will find it
under /stand/sysinstall on the installed system.
Good luck! If you really get stuck, you may send mail to our support
mailing list - freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org. We'll do our best to help you!
3.1 Repairing an existing FreeBSD installation.
--- -------------------------------------------
FreeBSD 2.2 now features a "Fixit" option in the top menu of the boot
floppy. To use it, you will also need a fixit.flp image floppy,
generated in the same fashion as the boot floppy, or the 2nd CDROM
from Walnut Creek CDROM's FreeBSD distribution.
To invoke fixit, simply boot the boot floppy, chose the "Fixit" item
and insert the fixit floppy or CDROM when asked. You will then be
placed into a shell with a wide variety of commands available (in the
/stand and /mnt2/stand directories) for checking, repairing and
examining file systems and their contents. Some UNIX administration
experience *is* required to use the fixit option!
3.2 Upgrading from earlier releases of FreeBSD.
--- -------------------------------------------
It must first be said that the system installation boot floppy's
"Upgrade" option DOES NOT take a particularly sophisticated approach to
the problem of upgrading, it being more of an attempt to provide the very
minimum in what is necessary to upgrade from one release to the next.
A more polished upgrade that dealt properly with the broad spectrum of
installed 2.1 systems would be nice to have, but until that gets
written what you get is this - the brute-force approach!
What this upgrade will attempt to do is best summarized thusly:
1. fsck and mount all file systems chosen in the label editor.
2. Ask for a location to preserve your /etc directory into and do so.
3. Extract all selected distributions on top of your existing system.
4. Copy certain obvious files back from the preserved /etc, leaving the
rest of the /etc file merge up to the user.
5. Drop user in a shell so that they may perform that merge before
rebooting into the new system.
And that's it! This "upgrade" is not going to hold your hand in all
major respects, it's simply provided to make one PART of the upgrade
easier.
IMPORTANT NOTE: What this upgrade procedure may also do, in fact, is
completely destroy your system (though much more quickly than you
would have been able to destroy it yourself). It is simply impossible
to guarantee that this procedure's crude form of upgrade automation
will work in all cases and if you do this upgrade without proper
BACKUPS for any important data then you really must like living life
close to the edge, that's all we can say!
NOTE to 2.0 users: We're sorry, but the "slice" changes that were
added in FreeBSD 2.0.5 made automated upgrades pretty difficult due to
the fact that a complete reinstall is pretty much called for. Things
may still *work* after a 3.0 upgrade, but you will also no doubt
receive many warnings at boot time about non-aligned slices and such;
we really do recommend a fresh installation for 2.0 systems! (But
back up your user data first :-).
Jordan
---- End of Installation Guide ---

2
release/sysinstall/help/network_device.hlp
View File

@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ If a hard-wired connection to another FreeBSD (2.0R or later) machine
is available, you might also consider installing over a "laplink"
parallel port cable. The data rate over the parallel port is much
higher than what is typically possible over a serial line, and speeds
of up to 50KB/sec are not uncommon.
of over 50KB/sec are not uncommon.
Finally, for the fastest possible network installation, an Ethernet
adaptor is always a good choice! FreeBSD supports most common PC

109
release/sysinstall/help/readme.hlp
View File

@ -13,41 +13,84 @@ FreeBSD development community. O O ) / |
Feedback or offers to help with anything <----. __ / __ \
you see in this release are most welcome <----|====O)))==) \) /====
and should be sent to one of the approp- <----' `--' `.__,' \
riate mailing lists (see notes below). | |
\ / /\
Please note that SNAPSHOT releases, as much ______( (_ / \______/
as we enjoy seeing them tested in serious ,' ,-----' |
situations, are NOT recommended for production `--{__________)
environments! They are first and foremost test
vehicles used by the project to periodically give testers or developers
access to the latest -current technology. They are not put through the
same quality assurance mechanisms that full releases are!
For the latest errata information (security hole & fix information,
bugs fixes, documentation updates, etc.), should there be any for this
release, please see:
riate mailing lists - please see the | |
ABOUT.TXT file for more information. \ / /\
______( (_ / \______/
,' ,-----' |
`--{__________)
http://www.freebsd.org/releases/[releaseversion]/errata.html
Or the file:
ERRATA.TXT
In the base directory of the distribution.
** Most files here are also in the Documentation Menu of the boot floppy **
Most files here are also in the Documentation
Menu of the boot floppy
ROAD MAP:
ERRATA.TXT Errata information for this release (optional file).
README.TXT This file.
ABOUT.TXT All about FreeBSD and the physical organization
of this distribution.
INSTALL.TXT How to install FreeBSD on your PC using the files
you'll find here.
HARDWARE.TXT PC Hardware information & troubleshooting guide.
RELNOTES.TXT Release Notes - what's new & different in this
release.
README.TXT This file
---
ABOUT.TXT All about FreeBSD, including contact information
RELNOTES.TXT Release Notes - what's new & different in this
release
LAYOUT.TXT Information about the layout of the release
directory. If you are installing from floppies,
it is especially important that you
*read this section!*
ERRATA.TXT Any late-breaking errata information for this
release. On FTP sites, this file may be frequently
updated so it's a good idea to check it first
(the master copy is always on ftp.freebsd.org)
before reporting problems
HARDWARE.TXT Information about the configuration of the
GENERIC kernel and supported hardware
INSTALL.TXT How to make a new installation of FreeBSD
on your PC using the data you see here
UPGRADE.TXT How to upgrade an existing FreeBSD
installation
TROUBLE.TXT Troubleshooting information
o For new installation instructions, see the INSTALL.TXT
and HARDWARE.TXT files.
o If you are upgrading from a previous FreeBSD version,
please take a look at UPGRADE.TXT.
o It is also important to check the ERRATA.TXT file for any
late-breaking issues with this release. This file contains
the latest information on upgrade, security or other problems
which an administrator should be aware of.
o Information regarding problems which arise after the CD
is printed can be found at:
ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/2.2.6-RELEASE/ERRATA.TXT
For the most up-to-date software along the RELENG_2_2 branch
(also known as -Stable) which is now proceeding onwards toward
the release of FreeBSD 2.2.7, please install from:
ftp://releng22.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/
Or for the latest 3.0-Current (HEAD branch) snapshot releases,
please install from:
ftp://current.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD
If you plan to run either -Stable or -Current you MUST be
subscribed to the appropriate mailing list, either
freebsd-stable or freebsd-current. For information on
subscribing to either list (or both), send an e-mail to
majordomo@freebsd.org with the following in the body, not
the subject of the letter as appropriate:
subscribe freebsd-stable
subscribe freebsd-current
end
We hope you enjoy using FreeBSD as much as we enjoyed
creating it. :)

4
release/sysinstall/help/register.hlp
View File

@ -72,5 +72,5 @@ contender.
Regards,
Jordan Hubbard,
FreeBSD PR Officer
Jordan Hubbard,
FreeBSD PR Officer

2
release/sysinstall/help/shortcuts.hlp
View File

@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ mediaSetFtpUserPass Prompt for FTP username and password
mediaSetCPIOVerbosity Prompt for CPIO verbosity
mediaGetType Prompt for media type
optionsEditor Go to options editor
register Go to registration editor.
register Go to registration editor.
Examples:

2
release/sysinstall/help/trouble.hlp
View File

@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ A: With Compaq being always a little different from other systems, they
do not announce their floppy drive in the CMOS RAM of an Aero notebook.
Therefore, the floppy disk driver assumes there is no drive configured.
Go to the UserConfig screen, and set the Flags value of the fdc0 device
to 0x1. This pretends the existance of the first floppy drive (as a
to 0x1. This pretends the existence of the first floppy drive (as a
1.44 MB drive) to the driver without asking the CMOS at all.

193
release/sysinstall/help/upgrade.hlp
View File

@ -1,38 +1,167 @@
Welcome to the 2.2.5 upgrade procedure!
+===================== Upgrading FreeBSD ==========================+
| |
| 0.0 Preface |
| 0.1 DISCLAIMER |
| 0.2 IMPORTANT NOTE |
| |
| 1.0 Introduction |
| 1.1 Upgrade Overview |
| |
| 2.0 Procedure |
| 2.1 Backup |
| 2.2 Mount Filesystems |
| 2.3 Select Distributions |
| 2.4 After Installation |
| |
| 3.0 Alternative Upgrade Techniques |
| |
+=====================================================================+
It must first be said that this upgrade DOES NOT take a particularly
sophisticated approach to the upgrade problem, it being more a
question of providing what seemed "good enough" at the time. A truly
polished upgrade that deals properly with the broad spectrum of
installed 2.x systems would be nice to have, but until that gets
written what you get is this - the brute-force approach!
0.1 DISCLAIMER
--- ----------
What this upgrade will attempt to do is best summarized thusly:
While the FreeBSD upgrade procedure does its best to safeguard against
accidental loss of data, it is still more than possible to WIPE OUT YOUR
ENTIRE DISK with this installation! Please do not accept the final
confirmation request unless you have adequately backed up any important
data files.
1. fsck and mount all file systems chosen in the label editor.
2. Ask for a location to preserve your /etc directory into.
3. Extract all selected distributions on top of your existing system.
4. Copy certain obvious files back from the preserved /etc, leaving the
rest of the /etc file merge up to the user.
5. Drop user in a shell so that they may perform that merge before
rebooting into the new system.
0.2 IMPORTANT NOTE
--- --------------
And that's it! This "upgrade" is not going to hold your hand to any
major degree, it's simply provided to make one PART of the upgrade
easier.
See section 2.4 for important details regarding changes to the
/etc/fstab file required during the upgrade procedure.
IMPORTANT NOTE: What this upgrade procedure may also do, in fact, is
completely destroy your system (though much more quickly than you
would have been able to destroy it yourself). It is simply impossible
to guarantee that this procedure's crude form of upgrade automation
will work in all cases and if you do this upgrade without proper
BACKUPS for any important data then you really must like living life
close to the edge, that's all we can say!
1.0 Introduction
--- ------------
NOTE to 2.0 users: We're sorry, but the "slice" changes that were
added in FreeBSD 2.0.5 made automated upgrades pretty difficult due to
the fact that a complete reinstall is pretty much called for. Things
may still *work* after an upgrade, but you will also no doubt receive
many warnings at boot time about non-aligned slices and such; we
really do recommend a fresh installation for 2.0 systems! (But back
up your user data first :-).
The upgrade procedure replaces distributions selected by the user
with those corresponding to the new FreeBSD release. It preserves
standard system configuration data, as well as user data, installed
packages and other software.
Administrators contemplating an upgrade are encouraged to study this
document in its entirety before commencing an upgrade. Failure to do so
may result in a failed upgrade or loss of data.
1.1 Upgrade Overview
--- ----------------
Upgrading of a distribution is performed by extracting the new version of
the component over the top of the previous version. Files belonging to
the old distribution are not deleted.
System configuration is preserved by retaining and restoring the
previous version of the following files:
Xaccel.ini, adduser.conf, aliases, aliases.db, amd.map, crontab,
csh.cshrc, csh.login, csh.logout, daily, disktab, dm.conf, exports,
fbtab, fstab, ftpusers, gettytab, gnats, group, host.conf, hosts,
hosts.equiv, hosts.lpd, inetd.conf, kerberosIV, localtime, login.access,
mail.rc, make.conf, manpath.config, master.passwd, mib.txt, modems,
monthly, motd, namedb, networks, passwd, phones, ppp, printcap,
profile, protocols, pwd.db, rc, rc.firewall, rc.i386, rc.local,
rc.network, rc.conf, remote, resolv.conf, rmt, security, sendmail.cf,
services, shells, skeykeys, spwd.db, supfile, syslog.conf, termcap,
ttys, uucp, weekly
The versions of these files which correspond to the new version are
moved to /etc/upgrade/. The system administrator may peruse these new
versions and merge components as desired. Note that many of these files
are interdependent, and the best merge procedure is to copy all
site-specific data from the current files into the new.
During the upgrade procedure, the administrator is prompted for a
location into which all files from /etc/ are saved. In the event that
local modifications have been made to other files, they may be
subsequently retrieved from this location.
2.0 Procedure
--- ---------
This section details the upgrade procedure. Particular attention is
given to items which substantially differ from a normal installation.
2.1 Backup
--- ------
User data and system configuration should be backed up before
upgrading. While the upgrade procedure does its best to prevent
accidental mistakes, it is possible to partially or completely destroy
data and configuration information.
2.2 Mount Filesystems
--- -----------------
The disklabel editor is entered with the nominated disk's filesystem
devices listed. Prior to commencing the upgrade, the administrator
should make a note of the device names and corresponding mountpoints.
These mountpoints should be entered here. DO NOT set the 'newfs flag'
for any filesystems, as this will cause data loss.
2.3 Select Distributions
--- --------------------
When selecting distributions, there are no constraints on which must be
selected. As a general rule, the 'bin' distribution should be selected
for an update, and the 'man' distribution if manpages are already
installed. Other distributions may be selected beyond those originally
installed if the administrator wishes to add additional functionality.
2.4 After Installation
--- ------------------
Once the installation procedure has completed, the administrator is
prompted to examine the new configuration files. At this point, checks
should be made to ensure that the system configuration is valid. In
particular, the /etc/rc.conf and /etc/fstab files should be checked.
Read the following, but DO NOT update /etc/fstab as described below
until the new system has booted correctly. The upgrade procedure
replaces the previous FreeBSD kernel with a GENERIC kernel, and a custom
kernel may need to be generated to suit the local system configuration.
IMPORTANT NOTE:
==============
FreeBSD 2.2.6 introduces a change in the naming of the device from
which the root filesystem is mounted. This change affects all systems,
however user intervention is only required for systems undergoing an
upgrade installation.
Previously, the root filesystem was always mounted from the
compatibility slice, while other partitions on the same disk were
mounted from their true slice. This might, for example, have resulted
in an /etc/fstab file like:
# Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass#
/dev/wd0s2b none swap sw 0 0
/dev/wd0a / ufs rw 1 1
/dev/wd0s2f /local0 ufs rw 1 1
/dev/wd0s2e /usr ufs rw 1 1
For FreeBSD 2.2.6 and later, this format changes so that the device for
'/' is consistent with others, ie.
# Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass#
/dev/wd0s2b none swap sw 0 0
/dev/wd0s2a / ufs rw 1 1
/dev/wd0s2f /local0 ufs rw 1 1
/dev/wd0s2e /usr ufs rw 1 1
If /etc/fstab is not updated manually in this case, the system will
issue a warning message whenever / is mounted (normally at startup)
indicating the change that must be made. In addition, trouble may be
experienced if the root filesystem is not correctly unmounted, whereby
the root filesystem will not be marked clean at the next reboot.
This change should be made as soon as the upgraded system has been
successfully rebooted.
3.0 Alternative Upgrade Techniques
--- ------------------------------
Those interested in an upgrade method that allows more flexibility and
sophistication should take a look at the "Upgrading FreeBSD from source"
tutorial found at http://www.freebsd.org/docs.html. This method
requires reliable network connectivity, extra disk space and spare time,
but has advantages for networks and other more complex installations.

15
release/sysinstall/help/usage.hlp
View File

@ -59,11 +59,10 @@ it's also useful when dealing with sub-shells or other "wizard modes"
that don't use menus and tend to scroll their output off the top of
the screen.
Once the system is fully installed and running multi-user, you will
find that you have multiple "virtual consoles" which you can use to in
order to have several active sessions at once. Use ALT-F<n> to switch
between screens, where `F<n>' is the function key corresponding to the
screen you wish to see. By default, the system comes with 3 virtual
consoles enabled - you can enable more by editing the /etc/ttys file
and turning the "off" field to "on" in the relevant vty entries (up to
12).
FreeBSD also supports multiple "virtual consoles" which you can use to
in order to have several active sessions at once. Use ALT-F<n> to
switch between screens, where `F<n>' is the function key corresponding
to the screen you wish to see. By default, the system comes with 3
virtual consoles enabled - you can enable more by editing the
/etc/ttys file and turning the "off" field to "on" in the relevant vty
entries (up to 12).

2
usr.sbin/sysinstall/help/distributions.hlp
View File

@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ DISTRIBUTION INFORMATION
------------------------
An ``X-'' prefixed before a distribution set means that the XFree86
3.3.1 base distribution, libraries, manual pages, SVGA server and a
3.3.2 base distribution, libraries, manual pages, SVGA server and a
set of default fonts will be selected in addition to the set itself.
If you select such a set, you will also be presented with a set of
menus for customizing the selections to your desired X Window System

2
usr.sbin/sysinstall/help/fixit.hlp
View File

@ -5,5 +5,3 @@ commands under /mnt2 as well as a more complete set of device files in
therefore require you to go to /mnt2/dev and use the entries there
rather than assuming that they will be present in the default /dev
(which came from the boot floppy and is very minimal).
When you're done, exit the shell to reboot.

2
usr.sbin/sysinstall/help/network_device.hlp
View File

@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ If a hard-wired connection to another FreeBSD (2.0R or later) machine
is available, you might also consider installing over a "laplink"
parallel port cable. The data rate over the parallel port is much
higher than what is typically possible over a serial line, and speeds
of up to 50KB/sec are not uncommon.
of over 50KB/sec are not uncommon.
Finally, for the fastest possible network installation, an Ethernet
adaptor is always a good choice! FreeBSD supports most common PC

4
usr.sbin/sysinstall/help/register.hlp
View File

@ -72,5 +72,5 @@ contender.
Regards,
Jordan Hubbard,
FreeBSD PR Officer
Jordan Hubbard,
FreeBSD PR Officer

2
usr.sbin/sysinstall/help/shortcuts.hlp
View File

@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ mediaSetFtpUserPass Prompt for FTP username and password
mediaSetCPIOVerbosity Prompt for CPIO verbosity
mediaGetType Prompt for media type
optionsEditor Go to options editor
register Go to registration editor.
register Go to registration editor.
Examples:

15
usr.sbin/sysinstall/help/usage.hlp
View File

@ -59,11 +59,10 @@ it's also useful when dealing with sub-shells or other "wizard modes"
that don't use menus and tend to scroll their output off the top of
the screen.
Once the system is fully installed and running multi-user, you will
find that you have multiple "virtual consoles" which you can use to in
order to have several active sessions at once. Use ALT-F<n> to switch
between screens, where `F<n>' is the function key corresponding to the
screen you wish to see. By default, the system comes with 3 virtual
consoles enabled - you can enable more by editing the /etc/ttys file
and turning the "off" field to "on" in the relevant vty entries (up to
12).
FreeBSD also supports multiple "virtual consoles" which you can use to
in order to have several active sessions at once. Use ALT-F<n> to
switch between screens, where `F<n>' is the function key corresponding
to the screen you wish to see. By default, the system comes with 3
virtual consoles enabled - you can enable more by editing the
/etc/ttys file and turning the "off" field to "on" in the relevant vty
entries (up to 12).