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release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/hardware/i386/proc-i386.sgml
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<sect1 id="proc">
<title>Supported Processors and Motherboards</title>
<para>&os;/i386 runs on a wide variety of
<quote>IBM PC compatible</quote> machines. Due to the wide range of
hardware available for this architecture, it is impossible to
exhaustively list all combinations of equipment supported by &os;.
Nevertheless, some general guidelines are presented here.</para>
<para>&os;/i386 runs on a wide variety of <quote>IBM PC
compatible</quote> machines. Due to the wide range of hardware
available for this architecture, it is impossible to exhaustively
list all combinations of equipment supported by &os;.
Nevertheless, some general guidelines are presented here.</para>
<para>Almost all i386-compatible processors are supported. All
Intel processors beginning with the 80386 are supported, including
the 80386, 80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium III,
Pentium 4, and variants thereof, such as the Xeon and Celeron
processors. (While technically supported, the use of the 80386SX is
specifically not recommended.) All i386-compatible AMD processors
are also supported, including the Am486, Am5x86, K5, K6 (and variants),
Athlon (including Athlon-MP, Athlon-XP, Athlon-4, and Athlon Thunderbird), and Duron processors.
The AMD &Eacute;lan SC520 embedded processor is supported.
The Transmeta Crusoe is recognized
and supported, as are i386-compatible processors from Cyrix and
NexGen.</para>
Intel processors beginning with the 80386 are supported, including
the 80386, 80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium III,
Pentium 4, and variants thereof, such as the Xeon and Celeron
processors. (While technically supported, the use of the 80386SX
is specifically not recommended.) All i386-compatible AMD
processors are also supported, including the Am486, Am5x86, K5, K6
(and variants), Athlon (including Athlon-MP, Athlon-XP, Athlon-4,
and Athlon Thunderbird), and Duron processors. The AMD
&Eacute;lan SC520 embedded processor is supported. The Transmeta
Crusoe is recognized and supported, as are i386-compatible
processors from Cyrix and NexGen.</para>
<para>There is a wide variety of motherboards available for this
architecture. Motherboards using the ISA, VLB, EISA, AGP, and PCI
expansion busses are well-supported. There is some limited support
for the MCA (<quote>MicroChannel</quote>) expansion bus used in the
IBM PS/2 line of PCs.</para>
architecture. Motherboards using the ISA, VLB, EISA, AGP, and PCI
expansion busses are well-supported. There is some limited
support for the MCA (<quote>MicroChannel</quote>) expansion bus
used in the IBM PS/2 line of PCs.</para>
<para>Symmetric multi-processor (SMP) systems are generally
supported by &os;, although in some cases, BIOS or motherboard bugs
may generate some problems. Perusal of the archives of the &a.smp;
may yield some clues.</para>
supported by &os;, although in some cases, BIOS or motherboard
bugs may generate some problems. Perusal of the archives of the
&a.smp; may yield some clues.</para>
<para>&os; will take advantage of HyperThreading (HTT) support on
Intel CPUs that support this feature. A kernel with the
<literal>options&nbsp;SMP</literal> feature enabled will automatically detect the
additional logical processors. The default &os; scheduler treats
the logical processors the same as additional physical
processors; in other words, no attempt is made to optimize
scheduling decisions given the shared resources between logical
processors within the same CPU. Because this naive scheduling can
result in suboptimal performance, the logical CPUs are halted by
default at startup. They can be enabled
with the <varname>machdep.hlt_logical_cpus</varname> sysctl
variable. It is also possible to halt any CPU in the idle
loop with the <varname>machdep.hlt_cpus</varname> sysctl
variable. The &man.smp.4; manual page has more details.</para>
<literal>options&nbsp;SMP</literal> feature enabled will
automatically detect the additional logical processors. The
default &os; scheduler treats the logical processors the same as
additional physical processors; in other words, no attempt is made
to optimize scheduling decisions given the shared resources
between logical processors within the same CPU. Because this
naive scheduling can result in suboptimal performance, the logical
CPUs are halted by default at startup. They can be enabled with
the <varname>machdep.hlt_logical_cpus</varname> sysctl variable.
It is also possible to halt any CPU in the idle loop with the
<varname>machdep.hlt_cpus</varname> sysctl variable. The
&man.smp.4; manual page has more details.</para>
<para>&os; will generally run on i386-based laptops, albeit with
varying levels of support for certain hardware features such as
sound, graphics, power management, and PCCARD expansion slots.
These features tend to vary in idiosyncratic ways between machines,
and frequently require special-case support in &os; to work around
hardware bugs or other oddities. When in doubt, a search of the
archives of the &a.mobile; may be useful.</para>
varying levels of support for certain hardware features such as
sound, graphics, power management, and PCCARD expansion slots.
These features tend to vary in idiosyncratic ways between
machines, and frequently require special-case support in &os; to
work around hardware bugs or other oddities. When in doubt, a
search of the archives of the &a.mobile; may be useful.</para>
</sect1>