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release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/installation/sparc64/install.sgml
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@ -11,30 +11,30 @@ This file contains sparc64-specific installation instructions.
<para>This text describes how to install and boot the &arch;
port. Users of this port are encouraged to subscribe to the
freebsd-sparc mailing list.</para>
&a.sparc;.</para>
<warning><para>The kernel and userland binaries mentioned below are
highly experimental (for example, the kernel contains some ATA
changes and eeprom handling code which could potentially be
dangerous). Unless you know what you are doing and are willing to
cope with any damage that might arise, you should probably not be
trying this! So, use at your own risk!</para></warning>
trying this. So, use at your own risk!</para></warning>
<sect2>
<title>Preparations.</title>
<title>Preparation</title>
<sect3>
<title>Downloading Required Files</title>
<para>If you are not installing from a CD-ROM, you will need to
download some files via ftp (the URLs are given below). The
<para>If you are not installing from a CDROM, you will need to
download some files via FTP (the URLs are given below). The
links in this document point to the main &os; FTP server.
Please use a mirror instead if possible.</para>
Please use a mirror site instead if possible.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<sect3 id="getting-to-prom-prompt">
<title>Getting to the PROM Prompt</title>
<para>Most &arch; systems are set up to boot automatically from
disk; to install &os;, you need to boot over the network or from
a CD-ROM, which requires you to break into the PROM.</para>
disk. To install &os;, you need to boot over the network or from
a CDROM, which requires you to break into the PROM (OpenFirmware).</para>
<para>To do this, reboot the system, and wait until the boot
message appears. It depends on the model, but should look about
@ -45,12 +45,21 @@ OpenBoot 4.2, 128 MB memory installed, Serial #51090132.
Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.</screen>
<para>If your system proceeds to boot from disk at this point,
you need press L1-A or Stop-A on the keyboard, or send a
you need to press
<keycombo action="simul">
<keycap>L1</keycap>
<keycap>A</keycap>
</keycombo>
or
<keycombo action="simul">
<keycap>Stop</keycap>
<keycap>A</keycap>
</keycombo>
on the keyboard, or send a
<command>BREAK</command> over the serial console (using for
example <command>~#</command> in
<application>tip</application> and
<application>cu</application>, refer to their manual pages for
more details) to get to the PROM prompt. It
&man.tip.1; or
&man.cu.1;) to get to the PROM prompt. It
looks like
<screen>ok </screen>
or
@ -60,24 +69,25 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.</screen>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Installing from CD-ROM</title>
<para>Place the CD-ROM into your drive, and break into the PROM as
<title>Installing from CDROM</title>
<para>Place the CDROM into your drive, and break into the PROM as
described above. On the PROM prompt, type <command>boot
cdrom</command>. The system should boot into single-user mode
now, and you can create a root file system and install the base
system archive as described below.</para>
now, and you can create the disk label and install the base
system archive as described in <xref
linkend="creating-disk-label"> and <xref linkend="creating-root-filesystem">.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Installing over the Network</title>
<sect3>
<title>Configuring the Netboot Server</title>
<para>A &arch; kernel is booted by having the firmware retrieve
<para>A &os;/&arch; kernel is booted by having the firmware retrieve
and execute a <application>loader</application>, which in turn
fetches and executes the actual kernel. For this boot process,
you need to set up <application>rarpd</application> and
<application>tftpd</application> (for the firmware) and
<application>bootpd</application> (for the
you need to set up &man.rarpd.8; and
&man.tftpd.8; (for the firmware) and
&man.bootpd.8; (for the
<application>loader</application>) on another networked
system. The loader can fetch a kernel using TFTP or NFS. All
of this is covered in detail below.</para>
@ -85,38 +95,36 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.</screen>
<sect4>
<title>rarpd</title>
<para>You need to the Ethernet address of your &arch; system
<para>You need to add the Ethernet address of your &os;/&arch; system
to <filename>/etc/ethers</filename> on the netboot server.
An entry looks like:</para>
<programlisting>0:3:ba:b:92:d4 your.host.name</programlisting>
<para>The ethernet address is usually displayed in the boot
<para>The Ethernet address is usually displayed in the boot
message.</para>
<para>Make sure <hostid>your.host.name</hostid> is in
<filename>/etc/hosts</filename> or has a valid DNS entry (or
use an IP). Then, start <application>rarpd</application> on
a network interface that is on the same segment as the
&arch; system. For example, if you were using a the first
<devicename>xl</devicename> network card, you would type
<command>rarpd xl0</command>.</para>
use an IP address). Then, start &man.rarpd.8; on
a network interface that is on the same subnet as the
&os;/&arch; system.</para>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>tftpd</title>
<para>Activate <application>tftp</application> in your
<application>inetd</application> configuration by uncommenting
the following line in your
<para>Activate &man.tftpd.8; in your
&man.inetd.8; configuration by uncommenting
the following line in
<filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>tftp dgram udp wait nobody /usr/libexec/tftpd tftpd /tftpboot</programlisting>
<para>You will then need to download a &os;/&arch; loader for
<application>tftpd</application> to serve to your &arch;
&man.tftpd.8; to serve to your &arch;
client. There are currently two loaders to choose from:</para>
<itemizedlist>
@ -127,17 +135,17 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.</screen>
(<emphasis>for loading the kernel via NFS</emphasis>).</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Copy the unpacked loader to
<filename>/tftpboot</filename>, and name it after host IP in
upper-case hexadecimal notation without dots (or use symlinks). For
example, your setup may look like this, for an IP of
<para>Copy the unpacked loader to your
<filename>/tftpboot</filename> directory, and name it with the &os;/&arch; host's IP address in
upper-case hexadecimal notation without dots (or use appropriately-named symbolic links). For
example, your setup may look like this, for an IP address of
<hostid>192.168.0.16</hostid>:</para>
<screen> lrwx------ 1 tmm users 9 Jul 24 17:05 /tftpboot/C0A80010 -> boot/loader
-rw-r--r-- 1 tmm users 1643021 Oct 20 18:04 /tftpboot/boot/loader</screen>
<para>If you have trouble booting, it is very helpful to use
<application>tcpdump</application> to monitor the TFTP
&man.tcpdump.1; to monitor the TFTP
requests. This will allow you to see the file name you need
to use for the loader. Error replies by the TFTP server are
most often due to incorrect file permissions.</para>
@ -146,80 +154,89 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.</screen>
<sect4>
<title>Setting up bootpd/dhcpd</title>
<para>You can use either bootp or DHCP (both not both) to
provide some parameters to the boot loader, such as a
machine's IP address. If you are using another &os; machine
as a netboot server, the bootp functionality is provided by
&man.bootpd.8;, which is a part of the &os; base system.
Several DHCP servers are provided in the &os; Ports
Collection.</para>
<para>If you are going to use
<application>bootpd</application>, create entries for you
&arch; system in <filename>/etc/bootptab</filename>:</para>
&man.bootpd.8;, create entries for your
&os;/&arch; system in the server's <filename>/etc/bootptab</filename>:</para>
<programlisting> .default:\
:bf="kernel":dn=local:ds=&lt;your name server>:\
:gw=&lt;your gateway>:ht=ether:hd="/tftpboot/boot/kernel":hn:\
:sa="&lt;IP of the TFTP server>":\
:rp="&lt;IP of the NFS server>:&lt;your NFS root directory>":\
:sm=&lt;your netmask>
<programlisting>.default:\
:bf="kernel":dn=local:ds=&lt;your name server>:\
:gw=&lt;your gateway>:ht=ether:hd="/tftpboot/boot/kernel":hn:\
:sa="&lt;IP of the TFTP server>":\
:rp="&lt;IP of the NFS server>:&lt;your NFS root directory>":\
:sm=&lt;your netmask>
&lt;name of the entry>:\
ha=&lt;ethernet address>:ip=&lt;IP of the &arch; system>:tc=.default</programlisting>
&lt;name of the entry>:\
ha=&lt;ethernet address>:ip=&lt;IP of the &arch; system>:tc=.default</programlisting>
<para>The Ethernet address must be the same like the one in the
<para>The Ethernet address must be the same as the one in the
TFTP example above, but it is specified differently: also in
hexadecimal notation, but without colons (for the example
above, this would be 0003ba0b92d4). NFS/TFTP specific
entries can be ommitted if the given method is not used. The
strings given in the <command>bf</command> and
<command>hd</command> properties are assembled to the boot
above, this would be <literal>0003ba0b92d4</literal>). NFS/TFTP specific
entries can be omitted if the given method is not used. The
strings given in the <literal>hd</literal> and
<literal>bf</literal> properties are concatenated to give the boot
file name. If your kernel is named differently or you use
another directory, change these values as required. If you
are booting using NFS, remove the <command>bf</command>
and <command>hd</command> settings (or change them to
are booting using NFS, remove the <literal>bf</literal>
and <literal>hd</literal> settings (or change them to
specify the directory and file inside the NFS root hierarchy
in which the kernel will reside). The name of the host entry
is conventionally the host name without the domain appended.</para>
<para>Note that <application>bootpd</application> conflicts with
<application>dhcpd</application>. <application>dhcpd</application>
can also be set up accordingly, with an entry like the
following (for <application>dhcpd</application> 2.x):</para>
<para>For a DHCP server, add an entry similar to the following to your <filename>dhcpd.conf</filename> file. An example entry for
<application>ISC DHCP</application> version 2 (available in
the &os; Ports Collection as <filename
role="package">net/isc-dhcp2</filename>) is shown
below:</para>
<programlisting>host &lt;name of the entry> {
hardware ethernet &lt;ethernet address>;
option host-name "&lt;full domain name of the system>";
fixed-address &lt;IP of the &arch; system>;
always-reply-rfc1048 on;
filename "kernel";
option root-path "&lt;IP of the NFS server>:&lt;your NFS root directory>";
hardware ethernet &lt;ethernet address>;
option host-name "&lt;full domain name of the system>";
fixed-address &lt;IP of the &arch; system>;
always-reply-rfc1048 on;
filename "kernel";
option root-path "&lt;IP of the NFS server>:&lt;your NFS root directory>";
}</programlisting>
<para>The <command>filename</command> option corresponds to
the concatenation of <command>bf</command> and
<command>hd</command> above. The ethernet address is
<para>The <literal>filename</literal> option corresponds to
the concatenation of <literal>hd</literal> and
<literal>bf</literal> above. The Ethernet address is
specified in hexadecimal with colons, just like in the
<application>rarpd</application> example
above. <command>options root-path</command> corresponds to
<command>rp</command>. If the name given in <command>option
host-name</command> is resolvable, i.e. has DNS entry or is
&man.rarpd.8; example
above. <literal>options root-path</literal> corresponds to
<literal>rp</literal>. If the name given in <literal>option
host-name</literal> is resolvable, i.e. has a DNS entry or is
associated with an address in
<filename>/etc/hosts</filename>, the
<command>fixed-address</command> specification can be ommitted.
<literal>fixed-address</literal> specification can be omitted.
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Loading the Kernel over TFTP</title>
<para>Place the kernel in the directory specified using
<command>bf</command> and <command>hd</command> in the
<application>bootpd</application> propertiess or the
corresponding <application>dhcpd</application> options as
described above. That should be all that is needed.</para>
<literal>bf</literal> and <literal>hd</literal> in the
<application>bootpd</application> properties or the
<application>dhcpd</application> <literal>filename</literal> as
described above.</para>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Loading the kernel over NFS</title>
<para>Export the root directory that was specified in bootp over
<para>Export the root directory that was specified in <filename>/etc/bootptab</filename> over
NFS, and place the kernel as
<filename>boot/kernel/kernel</filename> inside it (or, if
you use <command>bf</command> and <command>hd</command> or
the <application>dhcpd</application> equivalent, the file
you use <literal>bf</literal> and <literal>hd</literal> or
the <application>dhcpd</application> <literal>filename</literal>, the file
name you have specified this way).</para>
</sect4>
</sect3>
@ -227,35 +244,37 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.</screen>
<sect3>
<title>Booting</title>
<para>If all goes well, you can now boot the kernel from the &arch;
by dropping into OpenFirmware as described above. Now, just
<para>If all goes well, you can now boot the &os; on your &arch; machine
by dropping into the PROM prompt as described in <xref linkend="getting-to-prom-prompt">. Now, just
type <command>boot net</command> and the system should
boot. Specifically, the loader is retrieved via TFTP, it
does then do a bootp request and will proceed to load the
then does a bootp request and will proceed to load the
kernel. Then, it should wait 10 seconds for user input and
proceed to execute the kernel.</para>
<para>If something does not work in between, and you suspect
TFTP/NFS/bootp problems, <application>ethereal</application>
is usually a good help. The most common problems are bad file
permissions. Also note that <application>rarpd</application>
TFTP/NFS/bootp problems, <application>Ethereal</application>
(available in the &os; Ports Collection as <filename role="package">
net/ethereal</filename>)
is usually helpful. The most common problems are related to bad file
permissions. Also note that &man.rarpd.8;
will not answer to packets under some circumstances, refer to
the manual page for details.</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<sect2 id="creating-disk-label">
<title>Creating a Disk Label</title>
<para>The kernel supports the Sun disk label format, so you can
label the disks you want to use with &os; from Solaris.</para>
<para>&os; disk labels must currently be created by hand, as
<application>sysinstall</application> is not yet available on
&arch;. Plese refer to the handbook for more information about
&man.sysinstall.8; is not yet available on
&os;/&arch;. Plese refer to the handbook for more information about
labels and special partitions.</para>
<para>On &arch;, a Sun compatability label is embedded in the
<para>On &os;/&arch;, a Sun compatability label is embedded in the
&os; label; this is needed for the PROM to boot from disk. This
imposes an additional restriction on the disk label format:
partitions are required to start on a cylinder boundary.</para>
@ -301,7 +320,7 @@ drivedata: 0
</screen>
You can now add new partitions in the same format as the already
present line. Using * in the offset field makes the procedure
present line. Using <literal>*</literal> in the offset field makes the procedure
easier; please refer to the manual page for more
information.</para>
@ -310,7 +329,7 @@ drivedata: 0
sectors per cylinder as shown in the information that is
presented in the editor (1008 in the example above).</para>
<para>When you are done, quit the editor. This will cause the disk
<para>When you are done, save your changes and quit the editor. This will cause the disk
label to be written. </para>
<warning><para>This procedure will overwrite any disk label that
@ -319,7 +338,7 @@ drivedata: 0
respective partitions in the old and new label match
exactly!</para></warning>
<para>Use <command>disklabel -B</command> if you want to make
<para>Use <command>disklabel -B</command> if you want to make the
disk bootable for &os;/&arch;.</para>
<warning><para>Using <command>disklabel -B</command> on a disk
@ -337,43 +356,43 @@ drivedata: 0
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Root File Systems</title>
<sect2 id="creating-root-filesystem">
<title>Creating the Root Fileystem</title>
<para>If you do not want to boot over the network, you will need
<para>If you want to boot from a local disk, you will need
to create a root file system to hold the base system binaries and
configuration files (and optionally other file systems mounted
in places like <filename>/usr</filename> and
in places such as <filename>/usr</filename> and
<filename>/var</filename>).</para>
<para>The kernel contains support for Sun disklabels, so you can
use Solaris disks, which may even be newfs'ed from
use Solaris disks, which may even be prepared using <application>newfs</application> under
Solaris. NetBSD disk labels and file systems are also usable
from &os;.</para>
<warning><para><emphasis>DO NOT</emphasis> run Solaris
<warning><para>Do <emphasis>not</emphasis> run Solaris
<application>fsck</application> on file systems
modified by FreeBSD, it will damage the file
permissions!</para></warning>
modified by &os;. Doing so will damage the file
permissions.</para></warning>
<para>To create file systems and to install the base system, boot
from CD-ROM or via NFS and create a disk label as described
above.
from CDROM or via NFS and create a disk label as described
in <xref linkend="creating-disk-label">.
<para>When booting the first time and you have not entered your
root parition into <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> yet, you may
need to specify your root partition partition on the mountroot
root partition into <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> yet, you may
need to specify your root partition on the mountroot
prompt when booting (use a format like
<command>ufs:&lt;disk>&lt;parition></command>, i.e. leave the
<command>ufs:&lt;disk>&lt;partition></command>, i.e. leave the
slice specification out). If the kernel does automatically
attempt to boot from another file system, press a key a key
other than enter on the <application>loader</application> prompt:
attempt to boot from another file system, press a key
other than <keycap>Enter</keycap> on the <application>loader</application> prompt:
<screen>Hit [Enter] to boot immediately, or any other key for command prompt.</screen>
Then, boot the kernel using <command>boot -a -s</command>, which
will cause the kernel to ask you for the root partition and
then boot into single-user mode. Once the root file system has
been entered into <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, it should be
automatically mounted as <filename>/</filename>on the next
automatically mounted as <filename>/</filename> on the next
boot.</para>
<para>If you are booting over the network (via NFS), the above
@ -382,24 +401,24 @@ drivedata: 0
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Base System</title>
<sect2 id="installing-base-system">
<title>Installing the Base System</title>
<para>A <application>tar</application> archive which contains
<para>A &man.tar.1; archive containing
almost all binaries and configuration files from the base system
is available at
<ulink
url="ftp://ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/distrib.tar.gz"></ulink>.
url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/distrib.tar.gz"></ulink>.
Unpack it to the directory that will serve as root directory of
the &arch; system (on the NFS server when booting over the
Unpack it to the directory that will serve as the root directory of
the &os;/&arch; system (on the NFS server when booting over the
network).</para>
<para>This should be sufficient to boot into multi-user mode. The
system can then be configured like any other &os;
system. You probably will want to edit
<filename>/etc/fstab</filename> and
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> and to set a root password
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> and set a <username>root</username> password
first.</para>
<para>Note that some programs from the base system may not be