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rgrimes 1994-05-30 19:09:18 +00:00
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105
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.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" @(#)MAKEDEV.8 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
.\"
.TH MAKEDEV 8 "June 5, 1993"
.UC 7
.SH NAME
MAKEDEV \- create system and device special files
.SH SYNOPSIS
MAKEDEV name ...
.SH DESCRIPTION
The shell script
.IR MAKEDEV ,
found in the ``/dev'' directory, is used to create the common special
files.
See
.IR special (8)
for a more complete discussion of special files.
.PP
.I MAKEDEV
takes any number of device names as arguments, where the names are
the common abbreviation for the device.
There are two special devices, ``std'' and ``local''.
The former creates the standard devices for the architecture.
The latter is for devices specific to the local site, and
executes the shell file ``MAKEDEV.local''.
.PP
The i386 supports the following devices.
Where a device name is followed by a hash sign (``#''), the hash sign
must be replaced by a unit number.
.TP 10
std
the standard devices (console, drum, fd/*, klog, kmem, mem, null,
stderr, stdin, stdout, tty)
.br
.ns
.TP 10
local
configuration specific devices
.br
.ns
.TP 10
com#
standard PC COM ports
.br
.ns
.TP 10
fd#
``floppy'' disk drives (3 1/2, 5 1/4)
.br
.ns
.TP 10
flog#
kernel logging device
.br
.ns
.TP 10
pty#
set of 16 master and slave pseudo terminals
.br
.ns
.TP 10
wd#
``winchester'' disk drives (ST506, IDE, ESDI, RLL etc.)
.br
.ns
.TP 10
wt#
QIC-interfaced (e.g. not SCSI) 3M cartridge tape
.SH FILES
/dev The special file directory.
.SH SEE ALSO
.IR mknod (1),
.IR intro (4),
.IR config (8),
.IR special (8)

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# @(#)Makefile 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
MAN8= MAKEDEV.0
MANSUBDIR=/i386
all: ${MAN8}
clean depend lint tags:
cleandir:
rm -f ${MAN8}
install: maninstall
.include <bsd.prog.mk>

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.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" @(#)me.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
.\"
.hc %
.TH ME 7 "June 5, 1993"
.UC 3
.SH NAME
me \- macros for formatting papers
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B "nroff \-me"
[ options ]
file ...
.br
.B "troff \-me"
[ options ]
file ...
.SH DESCRIPTION
This package of
.I nroff
and
.I troff
macro definitions provides a canned formatting
facility for tech%nical papers in various formats.
When producing 2-column output on a terminal, filter
the output through
.IR col (1).
.PP
The macro requests are defined below.
Many
.I nroff
and
.I troff
requests are unsafe in conjunction with
this package, however, these requests may be used with
impunity after the first .pp:
.nf
.IP
.ta \w'.sz +n 'u
\&.bp begin new page
\&.br break output line here
\&.sp n insert n spacing lines
\&.ls n (line spacing) n=1 single, n=2 double space
\&.na no alignment of right margin
\&.ce n center next n lines
\&.ul n underline next n lines
\&.sz +n add n to point size
.fi
.PP
Output of the
.I eqn,
.I neqn,
.I refer,
and
.IR tbl (1)
preprocessors
for equations and tables is acceptable as input.
.SH FILES
/usr/lib/tmac/tmac.e
.br
/usr/lib/me/*
.SH "SEE ALSO"
eqn(1), troff(1), refer(1), tbl(1)
.br
\-me Reference Manual, Eric P. Allman
.br
Writing Papers with Nroff Using \-me
.tr &.
.SH REQUESTS
In the following list,
\*(lqinitialization\*(rq
refers to the first .pp, .lp, .ip, .np, .sh, or .uh macro.
This list is incomplete;
see
.I "The \-me Reference Manual"
for interesting details.
.PP
.ta \w'.eh \'x\'y\'z\' 'u +\w'Initial 'u +\w'Cause 'u
.br
.di x
\ka
.br
.di
.in \nau
.ti 0
Request Initial Cause Explanation
.ti 0
Value Break
.br
.in \nau
.ti 0
\&.(c - yes Begin centered block
.ti 0
\&.(d - no Begin delayed text
.ti 0
\&.(f - no Begin footnote
.ti 0
\&.(l - yes Begin list
.ti 0
\&.(q - yes Begin major quote
.ti 0
\&.(x \fIx\fR - no Begin indexed item in index
.I x
.ti 0
\&.(z - no Begin floating keep
.ti 0
\&.)c - yes End centered block
.ti 0
\&.)d - yes End delayed text
.ti 0
\&.)f - yes End footnote
.ti 0
\&.)l - yes End list
.ti 0
\&.)q - yes End major quote
.ti 0
\&.)x - yes End index item
.ti 0
\&.)z - yes End floating keep
.ti 0
\&.++ \fIm H\fR - no Define paper section.
.I m
defines the part of the paper, and can be
.B C
(chapter),
.B A
(appendix),
.B P
(preliminary, e.g., abstract, table of contents, etc.),
.B B
(bibliography),
.B RC
(chapters renumbered from page one each chapter),
or
.B RA
(appendix renumbered from page one).
.ti 0
\&.+c \fIT\fR - yes Begin chapter (or appendix, etc., as
set by .++).
.I T
is the chapter title.
.ti 0
\&.1c 1 yes One column format on a new page.
.ti 0
\&.2c 1 yes Two column format.
.ti 0
\&.EN - yes Space after equation
produced by
.I eqn
or
.IR neqn .
.ti 0
\&.EQ \fIx y\fR - yes Precede equation; break out and
add space.
Equation number is
.IR y .
The optional argument \fIx\fR
may be
.I I
to indent equation (default),
.I L
to left-adjust the equation, or
.I C
to center the equation.
.ti 0
\&.GE - yes End \fIgremlin\fP picture.
.ti 0
\&.GS - yes Begin \fIgremlin\fP picture.
.ti 0
\&.PE - yes End \fIpic\fP picture.
.ti 0
\&.PS - yes Begin \fIpic\fP picture.
.ti 0
\&.TE - yes End table.
.ti 0
\&.TH - yes End heading section of table.
.ti 0
\&.TS \fIx\fR - yes Begin table; if \fIx\fR is
.I H
table has repeated heading.
.ti 0
\&.ac \fIA N\fR - no Set up for ACM style output.
.I A
is the Author's name(s),
.I N
is the total number of pages.
Must be given before the first initialization.
.ti 0
\&.b \fIx\fR no no Print
.I x
in boldface; if no argument switch to boldface.
.ti 0
\&.ba \fI+n\fR 0 yes Augments the base indent by
.I n.
This indent is used to set the indent on regular text
(like paragraphs).
.ti 0
\&.bc no yes Begin new column
.ti 0
\&.bi \fIx\fR no no Print
.I x
in bold italics (nofill only)
.ti 0
\&.bu - yes Begin bulleted paragraph
.ti 0
\&.bx \fIx\fR no no Print \fIx\fR in a box (nofill only).
.ti 0
\&.ef \fI\'x\'y\'z\'\fR \'\'\'\' no Set even footer to x y z
.ti 0
\&.eh \fI\'x\'y\'z\'\fR \'\'\'\' no Set even header to x y z
.ti 0
\&.fo \fI\'x\'y\'z\'\fR \'\'\'\' no Set footer to x y z
.ti 0
\&.hx - no Suppress headers and footers on next page.
.ti 0
\&.he \fI\'x\'y\'z\'\fR \'\'\'\' no Set header to x y z
.ti 0
\&.hl - yes Draw a horizontal line
.ti 0
\&.i \fIx\fR no no Italicize
.I x;
if
.I x
missing, italic text follows.
.ti 0
\&.ip \fIx y\fR no yes Start indented paragraph,
with hanging tag
.IR x .
Indentation is
.I y
ens (default 5).
.ti 0
\&.lp yes yes Start left-blocked paragraph.
.ti 0
\&.lo - no Read in a file of local macros of the
form
.BI \&.* x.
Must be given before initialization.
.ti 0
\&.np 1 yes Start numbered paragraph.
.ti 0
\&.of \fI\'x\'y\'z\'\fR \'\'\'\' no Set odd footer to x y z
.ti 0
\&.oh \fI\'x\'y\'z\'\fR \'\'\'\' no Set odd header to x y z
.ti 0
\&.pd - yes Print delayed text.
.ti 0
\&.pp no yes Begin paragraph.
First line indented.
.ti 0
\&.r yes no Roman text follows.
.ti 0
\&.re - no Reset tabs to default values.
.ti 0
\&.sc no no Read in a file of special characters
and diacritical marks.
Must be given before initialization.
.ti 0
\&.sh \fIn x\fR - yes Section head follows,
font automatically bold.
.I n
is level of section,
.I x
is title of section.
.ti 0
\&.sk no no Leave the next page blank.
Only one page is remembered ahead.
.ti 0
\&.sm \fIx\fR - no Set
.I x
in a smaller pointsize.
.ti 0
\&.sz \fI+n\fR 10p no Augment the point size by
.I n
points.
.ti 0
\&.th no no Produce the paper in thesis format.
Must be given before initialization.
.ti 0
\&.tp no yes Begin title page.
.ti 0
\&.u \fIx\fR - no Underline argument (even in \fItroff\fR).
(Nofill only).
.ti 0
\&.uh - yes Like .sh but unnumbered.
.ti 0
\&.xp \fIx\fR - no Print index
.I x.

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.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" @(#)printcap.5 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/11/93
.\"
.Dd December 11, 1993
.Dt PRINTCAP 5
.Os BSD 4.2
.Sh NAME
.Nm printcap
.Nd printer capability data base
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm printcap
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm Printcap
function
is a simplified version of the
.Xr termcap 5
data base
used to describe line printers. The spooling system accesses the
.Nm printcap
file every time it is used, allowing dynamic
addition and deletion of printers. Each entry in the data base
is used to describe one printer. This data base may not be
substituted for, as is possible for
.Xr termcap ,
because it may allow accounting to be bypassed.
.Pp
The default printer is normally
.Em lp ,
though the environment variable
.Ev PRINTER
may be used to override this. Each spooling utility supports an option,
.Fl P Ar printer ,
to allow explicit naming of a destination printer.
.Pp
Refer to the
.%T "4.3 BSD Line Printer Spooler Manual"
for a complete discussion on how to setup the database for a given printer.
.Sh CAPABILITIES
Refer to
.Xr termcap 5
for a description of the file layout.
.Bl -column Namexxx Typexx "/var/spool/lpdxxxxx"
.Sy Name Type Description
.It "af str" Ta Dv NULL Ta No "name of accounting file"
.It "br num none if lp is a tty, set the baud rate"
.Pf ( Xr ioctl 2
call)
.It "cf str" Ta Dv NULL Ta No "cifplot data filter"
.It "df str" Ta Dv NULL Ta No "tex data filter"
.Pf ( Tn DVI
format)
.It "fc num 0 if lp is a tty, clear flag bits"
.Pq Pa sgtty.h
.It "ff str" Ta So Li \ef Sc Ta No "string to send for a form feed"
.It "fo bool false print a form feed when device is opened"
.It "fs num 0 like `fc' but set bits"
.It "gf str" Ta Dv NULL Ta No "graph data filter"
.Pf ( Xr plot 3
format
.It "hl bool false print the burst header page last"
.It "ic bool false driver supports (non standard) ioctl to indent printout"
.It "if str" Ta Dv NULL Ta No "name of text filter which does accounting"
.It "lf str" Ta Pa /dev/console Ta No "error logging file name"
.It "lo str" Ta Pa lock Ta No "name of lock file"
.It "lp str" Ta Pa /dev/lp Ta No "device name to open for output"
.It "mx num 1000 maximum file size (in"
.Dv BUFSIZ
blocks), zero = unlimited
.It "nd str" Ta Dv NULL Ta No "next directory for list of queues (unimplemented)"
.It "nf str" Ta Dv NULL Ta No "ditroff data filter (device independent troff)"
.It "of str" Ta Dv NULL Ta No "name of output filtering program"
.It "pc num 200 price per foot or page in hundredths of cents"
.It "pl num 66 page length (in lines)"
.It "pw num 132 page width (in characters)"
.It "px num 0 page width in pixels (horizontal)"
.It "py num 0 page length in pixels (vertical)"
.It "rf str" Ta Dv NULL Ta No "filter for printing"
.Tn FORTRAN
style text files
.It "rg str" Ta Dv NULL Ta No "restricted group. Only members of group allowed access"
.It "rm str" Ta Dv NULL Ta No "machine name for remote printer"
.It "rp str ``lp'' remote printer name argument"
.It "rs bool false restrict remote users to those with local accounts"
.It "rw bool false open the printer device for reading and writing"
.It "sb bool false short banner (one line only)"
.It "sc bool false suppress multiple copies"
.It "sd str" Ta Pa /var/spool/lpd Ta No "spool directory"
.It "sf bool false suppress form feeds"
.It "sh bool false suppress printing of burst page header"
.It "st str" Ta Pa status Ta No "status file name"
.It "tf str" Ta Dv NULL Ta No "troff data filter (cat phototypesetter)"
.It "tr str" Ta Dv NULL Ta No "trailer string to print when queue empties"
.It "vf str" Ta Dv NULL Ta No "raster image filter"
.It "xc num 0 if lp is a tty, clear local mode bits"
.Pq Xr tty 4
.It "xs num 0 like `xc' but set bits"
.El
.Pp
If the local line printer driver supports indentation, the daemon
must understand how to invoke it.
.Sh FILTERS
The
.Xr lpd 8
daemon creates a pipeline of
.Em filters
to process files for various printer types.
The filters selected depend on the flags passed to
.Xr lpr 1 .
The pipeline set up is:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
p pr | if regular text + pr(1)
none if regular text
c cf cifplot
d df DVI (tex)
g gf plot(3)
n nf ditroff
f rf Fortran
t tf troff
v vf raster image
.Ed
.Pp
The
.Sy if
filter is invoked with arguments:
.Bd -filled -offset indent
.Cm if
.Op Fl c
.Fl w Ns Ar width
.Fl l Ns Ar length
.Fl i Ns Ar indent
.Fl n Ar login
.Fl h Ar host acct-file
.Ed
.Pp
The
.Fl c
flag is passed only if the
.Fl l
flag (pass control characters literally)
is specified to
.Xr lpr .
The
.Ar Width
function
and
.Ar length
specify the page width and length
(from
.Cm pw
and
.Cm pl
respectively) in characters.
The
.Fl n
and
.Fl h
parameters specify the login name and host name of the owner
of the job respectively.
The
.Ar Acct-file
function
is passed from the
.Cm af
.Nm printcap
entry.
.Pp
If no
.Cm if
is specified,
.Cm of
is used instead,
with the distinction that
.Cm of
is opened only once,
while
.Cm if
is opened for every individual job.
Thus,
.Cm if
is better suited to performing accounting.
The
.Cm of
is only given the
.Ar width
and
.Ar length
flags.
.Pp
All other filters are called as:
.Bd -filled -offset indent
.Nm filter
.Fl x Ns Ar width
.Fl y Ns Ar length
.Fl n Ar login
.Fl h Ar host acct-file
.Ed
.Pp
where
.Ar width
and
.Ar length
are represented in pixels,
specified by the
.Cm px
and
.Cm py
entries respectively.
.Pp
All filters take
.Em stdin
as the file,
.Em stdout
as the printer,
may log either to
.Em stderr
or using
.Xr syslog 3 ,
and must not ignore
.Dv SIGINT .
.Sh LOGGING
Error messages generated by the line printer programs themselves
(that is, the
.Xr lp Ns *
programs)
are logged by
.Xr syslog 3
using the
.Dv LPR
facility.
Messages printed on
.Em stderr
of one of the filters
are sent to the corresponding
.Cm lf
file.
The filters may, of course, use
.Xr syslog
themselves.
.Pp
Error messages sent to the console have a carriage return and a line
feed appended to them, rather than just a line feed.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr termcap 5 ,
.Xr lpc 8 ,
.Xr lpd 8 ,
.Xr pac 8 ,
.Xr lpr 1 ,
.Xr lpq 1 ,
.Xr lprm 1
.Rs
.%T "4.3 BSD Line Printer Spooler Manual"
.Re
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
file format appeared in
.Bx 4.2 ..