mdoc(7) police: tidy up.
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2020-12-20 02:59:44 +00:00
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@ -47,9 +47,9 @@ This section explains a bit about system crashes
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and (very briefly) how to analyze crash dumps.
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.Pp
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When the system crashes voluntarily it prints a message of the form
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.Bd -ragged -offset indent
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panic: why i gave up the ghost
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.Ed
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.Bl -diag -offset indent
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.It "panic: why i gave up the ghost"
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.El
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.Pp
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on the console, and if dumps have been enabled (see
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.Xr dumpon 8 ) ,
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@ -70,23 +70,27 @@ A full understanding of most panic messages requires perusal of the
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source code for the system.
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.Pp
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The most common cause of system failures is hardware failure, which
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can reflect itself in different ways. Here are the messages which
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can reflect itself in different ways.
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Here are the messages which
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are most likely, with some hints as to causes.
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Left unstated in all cases is the possibility that hardware or software
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error produced the message in some unexpected way.
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
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.It Sy "cannot mount root"
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.Bl -diag -compact
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.It "cannot mount root"
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This panic message results from a failure to mount the root filesystem
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during the bootstrap process.
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Either the root filesystem has been corrupted,
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or the system is attempting to use the wrong device as root filesystem.
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Usually, an alternate copy of the system binary or an alternate root
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filesystem can be used to bring up the system to investigate. Most often
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filesystem can be used to bring up the system to investigate.
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Most often
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this is done by the use of the boot floppy you used to install the system,
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and then using the "fixit" floppy.
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and then using the
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.Dq fixit
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floppy.
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.Pp
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.It Sy "init: not found"
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.It "init: not found"
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This is not a panic message, as reboots are likely to be futile.
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Late in the bootstrap procedure, the system was unable to locate
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and execute the initialization process,
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@ -96,14 +100,13 @@ or type of
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.Pa /sbin/init
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forbids execution or is totally missing.
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.Pp
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.Pp
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.It Sy "ffs_realloccg: bad optim"
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.It Sy "ffs_valloc: dup alloc"
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.It Sy "ffs_alloccgblk: cyl groups corrupted"
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.It Sy "ffs_alloccg: map corrupted"
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.It Sy "blkfree: freeing free block"
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.It Sy "blkfree: freeing free frag"
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.It Sy "ifree: freeing free inode"
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.It "ffs_realloccg: bad optim"
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.It "ffs_valloc: dup alloc"
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.It "ffs_alloccgblk: cyl groups corrupted"
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.It "ffs_alloccg: map corrupted"
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.It "blkfree: freeing free block"
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.It "blkfree: freeing free frag"
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.It "ifree: freeing free inode"
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These panic messages are among those that may be produced
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when filesystem inconsistencies are detected.
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The problem generally results from a failure to repair damaged filesystems
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@ -111,12 +114,12 @@ after a crash, hardware failures, or other condition that should not
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normally occur.
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A filesystem check will normally correct the problem.
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.Pp
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.It Sy "timeout table full"
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This really shouldn't be a panic, but until the data structure
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.It "timeout table full"
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This really should not be a panic, but until the data structure
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involved is made to be extensible, running out of entries causes a crash.
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If this happens, make the timeout table bigger.
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.Pp
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.\" .It Sy "trap type %d, code = %x, v = %x"
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.\" .It "trap type %d, code = %x, v = %x"
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.\" An unexpected trap has occurred within the system; the trap types are:
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.\" .Bl -column xxxx -offset indent
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.\" 0 bus error
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@ -172,9 +175,11 @@ If this happens, make the timeout table bigger.
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.\" Following these values are a dump of the processor registers (hex).
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.\" Finally, is a dump of the stack (user/kernel) at the time of the offense.
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.\" .Pp
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.It Sy "init died (signal #, exit #)"
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The system initialization process has exited with the specified signal number and exit code. This is bad news, as no new
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users will then be able to log in. Rebooting is the only fix, so the
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.It "init died (signal #, exit #)"
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The system initialization process has exited with the specified
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signal number and exit code.
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This is bad news, as no new users will then be able to log in.
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Rebooting is the only fix, so the
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system just does it right away.
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.El
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.Pp
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@ -185,10 +190,12 @@ If the system has been configured to take crash dumps (see
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then when it crashes it will write (or at least attempt to write)
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an image of memory into the back end of the dump device,
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usually the same as the primary swap
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area. After the system is rebooted, the program
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area.
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After the system is rebooted, the program
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.Xr savecore 8
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runs and preserves a copy of this core image and the current
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system in a specified directory for later perusal. See
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system in a specified directory for later perusal.
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See
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.Xr savecore 8
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for details.
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.Pp
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@ -201,8 +208,7 @@ If the core image is the result of a panic,
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the panic message is printed.
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For more details consult the chapter on kernel debugging in
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the
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.Fx
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Developers' Handbook
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.%B "FreeBSD Developers' Handbook"
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.Pq Pa http://www.FreeBSD.org/ .
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr gdb 1 ,
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