From 79499b48c8cd4a8a8e022117993a494b992a12e1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Philip Paeps
Date: Thu, 11 Aug 2022 10:23:48 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] Import tzdata 2022b
---
Makefile | 160 +++++++++++----
NEWS | 117 ++++++++++-
africa | 48 +----
antarctica | 30 +--
asia | 338 +++++++++++++++---------------
australasia | 107 +++-------
backward | 18 +-
backzone | 514 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
calendars | 4 +-
etcetera | 8 +-
europe | 474 ++++++++----------------------------------
leap-seconds.list | 8 +-
leapseconds | 8 +-
leapseconds.awk | 0
northamerica | 21 +-
southamerica | 59 ++++--
theory.html | 14 +-
version | 2 +-
ziguard.awk | 244 ++++++++++++++++++----
zishrink.awk | 62 ++++--
zone.tab | 4 +-
zone1970.tab | 51 ++---
22 files changed, 1409 insertions(+), 882 deletions(-)
mode change 100755 => 100644 leapseconds.awk
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index a9a989ecf394..88240ad70e0e 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ DATAFORM= main
# make zonenames
# to get a list of the values you can use for LOCALTIME.
-LOCALTIME= GMT
+LOCALTIME= Factory
# The POSIXRULES macro controls interpretation of nonstandard and obsolete
# POSIX-like TZ settings like TZ='EET-2EEST' that lack DST transition rules.
@@ -176,12 +176,19 @@ TZDATA_TEXT= leapseconds tzdata.zi
BACKWARD= backward
-# If you want out-of-scope and often-wrong data from the file 'backzone', use
+# If you want out-of-scope and often-wrong data from the file 'backzone',
+# but only for entries listed in the backward-compatibility file zone.tab, use
# PACKRATDATA= backzone
+# PACKRATLIST= zone.tab
+# If you want all the 'backzone' data, use
+# PACKRATDATA= backzone
+# PACKRATLIST=
# To omit this data, use
# PACKRATDATA=
+# PACKRATLIST=
PACKRATDATA=
+PACKRATLIST=
# The name of a locale using the UTF-8 encoding, used during self-tests.
# The tests are skipped if the name does not appear to work on this system.
@@ -264,7 +271,7 @@ GCC_DEBUG_FLAGS = -DGCC_LINT -g3 -O3 -fno-common \
$(GCC_INSTRUMENT) \
-Wall -Wextra \
-Walloc-size-larger-than=100000 -Warray-bounds=2 \
- -Wbad-function-cast -Wcast-align=strict -Wdate-time \
+ -Wbad-function-cast -Wbidi-chars=any,ucn -Wcast-align=strict -Wdate-time \
-Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wdouble-promotion \
-Wduplicated-branches -Wduplicated-cond \
-Wformat=2 -Wformat-overflow=2 -Wformat-signedness -Wformat-truncation \
@@ -278,7 +285,7 @@ GCC_DEBUG_FLAGS = -DGCC_LINT -g3 -O3 -fno-common \
-Wsuggest-attribute=const -Wsuggest-attribute=format \
-Wsuggest-attribute=malloc \
-Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn -Wsuggest-attribute=pure \
- -Wtrampolines -Wundef -Wuninitialized -Wunused-macros \
+ -Wtrampolines -Wundef -Wuninitialized -Wunused-macros -Wuse-after-free=3 \
-Wvariadic-macros -Wvla -Wwrite-strings \
-Wno-address -Wno-format-nonliteral -Wno-sign-compare \
-Wno-type-limits -Wno-unused-parameter
@@ -448,6 +455,9 @@ UNUSUAL_OK_IPA = u̯
# useful in commentary.
UNUSUAL_OK_CHARSET= $(UNUSUAL_OK_LATIN_1)$(UNUSUAL_OK_IPA)
+# Put this in a bracket expression to match spaces.
+s = [:space:]
+
# OK_CHAR matches any character allowed in the distributed files.
# This is the same as SAFE_CHAR, except that UNUSUAL_OK_CHARSET and
# multibyte letters are also allowed so that commentary can contain a
@@ -521,8 +531,9 @@ TDATA= $(YDATA) $(NDATA) $(BACKWARD)
ZONETABLES= zone1970.tab zone.tab
TABDATA= iso3166.tab $(TZDATA_TEXT) $(ZONETABLES)
LEAP_DEPS= leapseconds.awk leap-seconds.list
-TZDATA_ZI_DEPS= ziguard.awk zishrink.awk version $(TDATA) $(PACKRATDATA)
-DSTDATA_ZI_DEPS= ziguard.awk $(TDATA) $(PACKRATDATA)
+TZDATA_ZI_DEPS= ziguard.awk zishrink.awk version $(TDATA) \
+ $(PACKRATDATA) $(PACKRATLIST)
+DSTDATA_ZI_DEPS= ziguard.awk $(TDATA) $(PACKRATDATA) $(PACKRATLIST)
DATA= $(TDATA_TO_CHECK) backzone iso3166.tab leap-seconds.list \
leapseconds $(ZONETABLES)
AWK_SCRIPTS= checklinks.awk checktab.awk leapseconds.awk \
@@ -534,8 +545,9 @@ TZS= to$(TZS_YEAR).tzs
TZS_NEW= to$(TZS_YEAR)new.tzs
TZS_DEPS= $(YDATA) asctime.c localtime.c \
private.h tzfile.h zdump.c zic.c
+TZDATA_DIST = $(COMMON) $(DATA) $(MISC)
# EIGHT_YARDS is just a yard short of the whole ENCHILADA.
-EIGHT_YARDS = $(COMMON) $(DOCS) $(SOURCES) $(DATA) $(MISC) tzdata.zi
+EIGHT_YARDS = $(TZDATA_DIST) $(DOCS) $(SOURCES) tzdata.zi
ENCHILADA = $(EIGHT_YARDS) $(TZS)
# Consult these files when deciding whether to rebuild the 'version' file.
@@ -608,13 +620,17 @@ version: $(VERSION_DEPS)
printf '%s\n' "$$V" >$@.out
mv $@.out $@
-# These files can be tailored by setting BACKWARD and PACKRATDATA.
+# These files can be tailored by setting BACKWARD, PACKRATDATA, PACKRATLIST.
vanguard.zi main.zi rearguard.zi: $(DSTDATA_ZI_DEPS)
- $(AWK) -v DATAFORM=`expr $@ : '\(.*\).zi'` -f ziguard.awk \
+ $(AWK) \
+ -v DATAFORM=`expr $@ : '\(.*\).zi'` \
+ -v PACKRATDATA='$(PACKRATDATA)' \
+ -v PACKRATLIST='$(PACKRATLIST)' \
+ -f ziguard.awk \
$(TDATA) $(PACKRATDATA) >$@.out
mv $@.out $@
# This file has a version comment that attempts to capture any tailoring
-# via BACKWARD, DATAFORM, PACKRATDATA, and REDO.
+# via BACKWARD, DATAFORM, PACKRATDATA, PACKRATLIST, and REDO.
tzdata.zi: $(DATAFORM).zi version zishrink.awk
version=`sed 1q version` && \
LC_ALL=C $(AWK) \
@@ -652,6 +668,7 @@ INSTALLARGS = \
DESTDIR='$(DESTDIR)' \
LEAPSECONDS='$(LEAPSECONDS)' \
PACKRATDATA='$(PACKRATDATA)' \
+ PACKRATLIST='$(PACKRATLIST)' \
TZDEFAULT='$(TZDEFAULT)' \
TZDIR='$(TZDIR)' \
ZIC='$(ZIC)'
@@ -690,11 +707,6 @@ posix_right: posix_only
$(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) TZDIR='$(TZDIR)-posix' posix_only
$(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) TZDIR='$(TZDIR)-leaps' right_only
-# This obsolescent rule is present for backwards compatibility with
-# tz releases 2014g through 2015g. It should go away eventually.
-posix_packrat: $(INSTALL_DATA_DEPS)
- $(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) PACKRATDATA=backzone posix_only
-
zones: $(REDO)
# dummy.zd is not a real file; it is mentioned here only so that the
@@ -755,8 +767,8 @@ tzselect: tzselect.ksh version
mv $@.out $@
check: check_character_set check_white_space check_links \
- check_name_lengths check_sorted \
- check_tables check_web check_zishrink check_tzs
+ check_name_lengths check_slashed_abbrs check_sorted \
+ check_tables check_web check_ziguard check_zishrink check_tzs
check_character_set: $(ENCHILADA)
test ! '$(UTF8_LOCALE)' || \
@@ -780,19 +792,28 @@ check_white_space: $(ENCHILADA)
patfmt=' \t|[\f\r\v]' && pat=`printf "$$patfmt\\n"` && \
! grep -En "$$pat" \
$$(ls $(ENCHILADA) | grep -Fvx leap-seconds.list)
- ! grep -n '[[:space:]]$$' \
+ ! grep -n '[$s]$$' \
$$(ls $(ENCHILADA) | grep -Fvx leap-seconds.list)
touch $@
-PRECEDES_FILE_NAME = ^(Zone|Link[[:space:]]+[^[:space:]]+)[[:space:]]+
-FILE_NAME_COMPONENT_TOO_LONG = \
- $(PRECEDES_FILE_NAME)[^[:space:]]*[^/[:space:]]{15}
+PRECEDES_FILE_NAME = ^(Zone|Link[$s]+[^$s]+)[$s]+
+FILE_NAME_COMPONENT_TOO_LONG = $(PRECEDES_FILE_NAME)[^$s]*[^/$s]{15}
check_name_lengths: $(TDATA_TO_CHECK) backzone
! grep -En '$(FILE_NAME_COMPONENT_TOO_LONG)' \
$(TDATA_TO_CHECK) backzone
touch $@
+PRECEDES_STDOFF = ^(Zone[$s]+[^$s]+)?[$s]+
+STDOFF = [-+]?[0-9:.]+
+RULELESS_SAVE = (-|$(STDOFF)[sd]?)
+RULELESS_SLASHED_ABBRS = \
+ $(PRECEDES_STDOFF)$(STDOFF)[$s]+$(RULELESS_SAVE)[$s]+[^$s]*/
+
+check_slashed_abbrs: $(TDATA_TO_CHECK)
+ ! grep -En '$(RULELESS_SLASHED_ABBRS)' $(TDATA_TO_CHECK)
+ touch $@
+
CHECK_CC_LIST = { n = split($$1,a,/,/); for (i=2; i<=n; i++) print a[1], a[i]; }
check_sorted: backward backzone iso3166.tab zone.tab zone1970.tab
@@ -832,11 +853,19 @@ check_theory.html check_tz-art.html check_tz-how-to.html check_tz-link.html:
test ! -s $@.out || { cat $@.out; exit 1; }
mv $@.out $@
+check_ziguard: rearguard.zi vanguard.zi ziguard.awk
+ $(AWK) -v DATAFORM=rearguard -f ziguard.awk vanguard.zi | \
+ diff -u rearguard.zi -
+ $(AWK) -v DATAFORM=vanguard -f ziguard.awk rearguard.zi | \
+ diff -u vanguard.zi -
+ touch $@
+
# Check that zishrink.awk does not alter the data, and that ziguard.awk
# preserves main-format data.
check_zishrink: check_zishrink_posix check_zishrink_right
check_zishrink_posix check_zishrink_right: \
- zic leapseconds $(PACKRATDATA) $(TDATA) $(DATAFORM).zi tzdata.zi
+ zic leapseconds $(PACKRATDATA) $(PACKRATLIST) \
+ $(TDATA) $(DATAFORM).zi tzdata.zi
rm -fr $@.dir $@-t.dir $@-shrunk.dir
mkdir $@.dir $@-t.dir $@-shrunk.dir
case $@ in \
@@ -845,8 +874,8 @@ check_zishrink_posix check_zishrink_right: \
esac && \
$(ZIC) $$leap -d $@.dir $(DATAFORM).zi && \
$(ZIC) $$leap -d $@-shrunk.dir tzdata.zi && \
- case $(DATAFORM) in \
- main) \
+ case $(DATAFORM),$(PACKRATLIST) in \
+ main,) \
$(ZIC) $$leap -d $@-t.dir $(TDATA) && \
$(AWK) '/^Rule/' $(TDATA) | \
$(ZIC) $$leap -d $@-t.dir - $(PACKRATDATA) && \
@@ -967,6 +996,10 @@ check_public: $(VERSION_DEPS)
rm public.dir/main.zi
cd public.dir && $(MAKE) PACKRATDATA=backzone main.zi
public.dir/zic -d public.dir/zoneinfo main.zi
+ rm public.dir/main.zi
+ cd public.dir && \
+ $(MAKE) PACKRATDATA=backzone PACKRATLIST=zone.tab main.zi
+ public.dir/zic -d public.dir/zoneinfo main.zi
:
rm -fr public.dir
touch $@
@@ -1027,9 +1060,9 @@ REARGUARD_ASC = \
ALL_ASC = $(TRADITIONAL_ASC) $(REARGUARD_ASC) \
tzdb-$(VERSION).tar.lz.asc
-tarballs rearguard_tarballs traditional_tarballs \
+tarballs rearguard_tarballs tailored_tarballs traditional_tarballs \
signatures rearguard_signatures traditional_signatures: \
- version set-timestamps.out rearguard.zi
+ version set-timestamps.out rearguard.zi vanguard.zi
VERSION=`cat version` && \
$(MAKE) AWK='$(AWK)' VERSION="$$VERSION" $@_version
@@ -1042,6 +1075,8 @@ rearguard_tarballs_version: \
tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.tar.gz
traditional_tarballs_version: \
tzcode$(VERSION).tar.gz tzdata$(VERSION).tar.gz
+tailored_tarballs_version: \
+ tzdata$(VERSION)-tailored.tar.gz
signatures_version: $(ALL_ASC)
rearguard_signatures_version: $(REARGUARD_ASC)
traditional_signatures_version: $(TRADITIONAL_ASC)
@@ -1055,34 +1090,76 @@ tzcode$(VERSION).tar.gz: set-timestamps.out
tzdata$(VERSION).tar.gz: set-timestamps.out
LC_ALL=C && export LC_ALL && \
- tar $(TARFLAGS) -cf - $(COMMON) $(DATA) $(MISC) | \
+ tar $(TARFLAGS) -cf - $(TZDATA_DIST) | \
gzip $(GZIPFLAGS) >$@.out
mv $@.out $@
+# Create empty files with a reproducible timestamp.
+CREATE_EMPTY = TZ=UTC0 touch -mt 202010122253.00
+
+# The obsolescent *rearguard* targets and related macros are present
+# for backwards compatibility with tz releases 2018e through 2022a.
+# They should go away eventually. To build rearguard tarballs you
+# can instead use 'make DATAFORM=rearguard tailored_tarballs'.
tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.tar.gz: rearguard.zi set-timestamps.out
- rm -fr tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.dir
- mkdir tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.dir
- ln $(COMMON) $(DATA) $(MISC) tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.dir
- cd tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.dir && \
- rm -f $(TDATA) $(PACKRATDATA) version
+ rm -fr $@.dir
+ mkdir $@.dir
+ ln $(TZDATA_DIST) $@.dir
+ cd $@.dir && rm -f $(TDATA) $(PACKRATDATA) version
for f in $(TDATA) $(PACKRATDATA); do \
- rearf=tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.dir/$$f; \
+ rearf=$@.dir/$$f; \
$(AWK) -v DATAFORM=rearguard -f ziguard.awk $$f >$$rearf && \
$(SET_TIMESTAMP_DEP) $$rearf ziguard.awk $$f || exit; \
done
- sed '1s/$$/-rearguard/' \
- tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.dir/version
+ sed '1s/$$/-rearguard/' $@.dir/version
: The dummy pacificnew pacifies TZUpdater 2.3.1 and earlier.
- TZ=UTC0 touch -mt 202010122253.00 \
- tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.dir/pacificnew
- touch -cmr version tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.dir/version
+ $(CREATE_EMPTY) $@.dir/pacificnew
+ touch -cmr version $@.dir/version
LC_ALL=C && export LC_ALL && \
- (cd tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.dir && \
+ (cd $@.dir && \
tar $(TARFLAGS) -cf - \
- $(COMMON) $(DATA) $(MISC) pacificnew | \
+ $(TZDATA_DIST) pacificnew | \
gzip $(GZIPFLAGS)) >$@.out
mv $@.out $@
+# Create a tailored tarball suitable for TZUpdater and compatible tools.
+# For example, 'make DATAFORM=vanguard tailored_tarballs' makes a tarball
+# useful for testing whether TZUpdater supports vanguard form.
+# The generated tarball is not byte-for-byte equivalent to a hand-tailored
+# traditional tarball, as data entries are put into 'etcetera' even if they
+# came from some other source file. However, the effect should be the same
+# for ordinary use, which reads all the source files.
+tzdata$(VERSION)-tailored.tar.gz: set-timestamps.out
+ rm -fr $@.dir
+ mkdir $@.dir
+ : The dummy pacificnew pacifies TZUpdater 2.3.1 and earlier.
+ cd $@.dir && \
+ $(CREATE_EMPTY) $(PRIMARY_YDATA) $(NDATA) backward \
+ `test $(DATAFORM) = vanguard || echo pacificnew`
+ (grep '^#' tzdata.zi && echo && cat $(DATAFORM).zi) \
+ >$@.dir/etcetera
+ touch -cmr tzdata.zi $@.dir/etcetera
+ sed -n \
+ -e '/^# *version *\(.*\)/h' \
+ -e '/^# *ddeps */H' \
+ -e '$$!d' \
+ -e 'g' \
+ -e 's/^# *version *//' \
+ -e 's/\n# *ddeps */-/' \
+ -e 's/ /-/g' \
+ -e 'p' \
+ $@.dir/version
+ touch -cmr version $@.dir/version
+ links= && \
+ for file in $(TZDATA_DIST); do \
+ test -f $@.dir/$$file || links="$$links $$file"; \
+ done && \
+ ln $$links $@.dir
+ LC_ALL=C && export LC_ALL && \
+ (cd $@.dir && \
+ tar $(TARFLAGS) -cf - * | gzip $(GZIPFLAGS)) >$@.out
+ mv $@.out $@
+
tzdb-$(VERSION).tar.lz: set-timestamps.out set-tzs-timestamp.out
rm -fr tzdb-$(VERSION)
mkdir tzdb-$(VERSION)
@@ -1134,13 +1211,14 @@ zic.o: private.h tzfile.h version.h
.PHONY: check_web check_zishrink
.PHONY: clean clean_misc dummy.zd force_tzs
.PHONY: install install_data maintainer-clean names
-.PHONY: posix_only posix_packrat posix_right public
+.PHONY: posix_only posix_right public
.PHONY: rearguard_signatures rearguard_signatures_version
.PHONY: rearguard_tarballs rearguard_tarballs_version
.PHONY: right_only right_posix signatures signatures_version
.PHONY: tarballs tarballs_version
.PHONY: traditional_signatures traditional_signatures_version
.PHONY: traditional_tarballs traditional_tarballs_version
+.PHONY: tailored_tarballs tailored_tarballs_version
.PHONY: typecheck
.PHONY: zonenames zones
.PHONY: $(ZDS)
diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS
index ae44be29ff58..6a0d5c502727 100644
--- a/NEWS
+++ b/NEWS
@@ -1,5 +1,116 @@
News for the tz database
+Release 2022b - 2022-08-10 15:38:32 -0700
+
+ Briefly:
+ Chile's DST is delayed by a week in September 2022.
+ Iran no longer observes DST after 2022.
+ Rename Europe/Kiev to Europe/Kyiv.
+ New zic -R option
+ Vanguard form now uses %z.
+ Finish moving duplicate-since-1970 zones to 'backzone'.
+ New build option PACKRATLIST
+ New tailored_tarballs target, replacing rearguard_tarballs
+
+ Changes to future timestamps
+
+ Chile's 2022 DST start is delayed from September 4 to September 11.
+ (Thanks to Juan Correa.)
+
+ Iran plans to stop observing DST permanently, after it falls back
+ on 2022-09-21. (Thanks to Ali Mirjamali.)
+
+ Changes to past timestamps
+
+ Finish moving to 'backzone' the location-based zones whose
+ timestamps since 1970 are duplicates; adjust links accordingly.
+ This change ordinarily affects only pre-1970 timestamps, and with
+ the new PACKRATLIST option it does not affect any timestamps.
+ In this round the affected zones are Antarctica/Vostok,
+ Asia/Brunei, Asia/Kuala_Lumpur, Atlantic/Reykjavik,
+ Europe/Amsterdam, Europe/Copenhagen, Europe/Luxembourg,
+ Europe/Monaco, Europe/Oslo, Europe/Stockholm, Indian/Christmas,
+ Indian/Cocos, Indian/Kerguelen, Indian/Mahe, Indian/Reunion,
+ Pacific/Chuuk, Pacific/Funafuti, Pacific/Majuro, Pacific/Pohnpei,
+ Pacific/Wake and Pacific/Wallis, and the affected links are
+ Arctic/Longyearbyen, Atlantic/Jan_Mayen, Iceland, Pacific/Ponape,
+ Pacific/Truk, and Pacific/Yap.
+
+ From fall 1994 through fall 1995, Shanks wrote that Crimea's
+ DST transitions were at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00.
+ (Thanks to Michael Deckers.)
+
+ Iran adopted standard time in 1935, not 1946. In 1977 it observed
+ DST from 03-21 23:00 to 10-20 24:00; its 1978 transitions were on
+ 03-24 and 08-05, not 03-20 and 10-20; and its spring 1979
+ transition was on 05-27, not 03-21.
+ (Thanks to Roozbeh Pournader and Francis Santoni.)
+
+ Chile's observance of -04 from 1946-08-29 through 1947-03-31 was
+ considered DST, not standard time. Santiago and environs had moved
+ their clocks back to rejoin the rest of mainland Chile; put this
+ change at the end of 1946-08-28. (Thanks to Michael Deckers.)
+
+ Some old, small clock transitions have been removed, as people at
+ the time did not change their clocks. This affects Asia/Hong_Kong
+ in 1904, Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh in 1906, and Europe/Dublin in 1880.
+
+ Changes to zone name
+
+ Rename Europe/Kiev to Europe/Kyiv, as "Kyiv" is more common in
+ English now. Spelling of other names in Ukraine has not yet
+ demonstrably changed in common English practice so for now these
+ names retain old spellings, as in other countries (e.g.,
+ Europe/Prague not "Praha", and Europe/Sofia not "Sofiya").
+
+ Changes to code
+
+ zic has a new option '-R @N' to output explicit transitions < N.
+ (Need suggested by Almaz Mingaleev.)
+
+ 'zic -r @N' no longer outputs bad data when N < first transition.
+ (Problem introduced in 2021d and reported by Peter Krefting.)
+
+ zic now checks its input for NUL bytes and unterminated lines, and
+ now supports input line lengths up to 2048 (not 512) bytes.
+
+ gmtime and related code now use the abbreviation "UTC" not "GMT".
+ POSIX is being revised to require this.
+
+ When tzset and related functions set vestigial static variables
+ like tzname, they now prefer specified timestamps to unspecified ones.
+ (Problem reported by Almaz Mingaleev.)
+
+ zic no longer complains "can't determine time zone abbreviation to
+ use just after until time" when a transition to a new standard
+ time occurs simultanously with the first DST fallback transition.
+
+ Changes to build procedure
+
+ Source data in vanguard form now uses the %z notation, introduced
+ in release 2015f. For example, for America/Sao_Paulo vanguard
+ form contains the zone continuation line "-3:00 Brazil %z", which
+ is simpler and more reliable than the line "-3:00 Brazil -03/-02"
+ used in main and rearguard forms. The plan is for the main form
+ to use %z eventually; in the meantime maintainers of zi parsers
+ are encouraged to test the parsers on vanguard.zi.
+
+ The Makefile has a new PACKRATLIST option to select a subset of
+ 'backzone'. For example, 'make PACKRATDATA=backzone
+ PACKRATLIST=zone.tab' now generates TZif files identical to those
+ of the global-tz project.
+
+ The Makefile has a new tailored_tarballs target for generating
+ special-purpose tarballs. It generalizes and replaces the
+ rearguard_tarballs target and related targets and macros, which
+ are now obsolescent.
+
+ 'make install' now defaults LOCALTIME to Factory not GMT,
+ which means the default abbreviation is now "-00" not "GMT".
+
+ Remove the posix_packrat target, marked obsolescent in 2016a.
+
+
Release 2022a - 2022-03-15 23:02:01 -0700
Briefly:
@@ -161,7 +272,7 @@ Release 2021b - 2021-09-24 16:23:00 -0700
Rename Pacific/Enderbury to Pacific/Kanton. When we added
Enderbury in 1993, we did not know that it is uninhabited and that
Kanton (population two dozen) is the only inhabited location in
- that timezone. The old name is now a backward-compatility link.
+ that timezone. The old name is now a backward-compatibility link.
Changes to past timestamps
@@ -1315,7 +1426,7 @@ Release 2018b - 2018-01-17 23:24:48 -0800
Changes to build procedure
The distribution now contains the file 'pacificnew' again.
- This file was inadvertantly omitted in the 2018a distribution.
+ This file was inadvertently omitted in the 2018a distribution.
(Problem reported by Matias Fonzo.)
@@ -4387,7 +4498,7 @@ Release 2007a - 2007-01-08 12:28:29 -0500
changes by Paul Eggert
- Derick Rethan's Asmara change
+ Derick Rethans's Asmara change
Oscar van Vlijmen's Easter Island local mean time change
diff --git a/africa b/africa
index 4bf491e99d50..7cbd6b0ecd73 100644
--- a/africa
+++ b/africa
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@ Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone
Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo
Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania
Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso
+Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/Reykjavik # Iceland
Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena
# Djibouti
@@ -169,7 +170,7 @@ Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena
# Egypt
# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
-# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for
+# observatory. Milne also says that the official time for
# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
@@ -354,6 +355,7 @@ Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ #STDOFF 2:05:08.9
Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
2:00 Egypt EE%sT
@@ -407,7 +409,7 @@ Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u
# At midnight on 30 June 1928 the clocks throughout Kenya was put forward
# half an hour by the Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1928.
# https://gazettes.africa/archive/ke/1928/ke-government-gazette-dated-1928-05-11-no-28.pdf
-# [Ordinance No. 11 of 1928, The Offical Gazette, 1928-06-26, p 813]
+# [Ordinance No. 11 of 1928, The Official Gazette, 1928-06-26, p 813]
# https://books.google.com/books?id=2S0S6os32ZUC&pg=PA813
#
# The 1928 ordinance was repealed by the Alteration of Time (repeal) Ordinance,
@@ -1310,21 +1312,9 @@ Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger
Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin
# Réunion
-# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
- 4:00 - +04
+# See Asia/Dubai.
#
-# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
-# The following information about them is taken from
-# Îles Éparses (, 1997-07-22,
-# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
-# We have no info about their time zone histories.
-#
-# Bassas da India - uninhabited
-# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
-# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
-# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
-# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
+# The Crozet Islands also observe Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
# Rwanda
# See Africa/Maputo.
@@ -1356,9 +1346,10 @@ Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
# From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30):
# https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818
# ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal
-# coordinated time, will be restituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.]
+# coordinated time, will be reinstituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.]
Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884
+ #STDOFF -0:36:44.68
-0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT
0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00
1:00 - WAT 2019 Jan 1 02:00
@@ -1368,28 +1359,7 @@ Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884
# See Africa/Abidjan.
# Seychelles
-
-# From P Chan (2020-11-27):
-# Standard Time was adopted on 1907-01-01.
-#
-# Standard Time Ordinance (Chapter 237)
-# The Laws of Seychelles in Force on the 31st December, 1971, Vol. 6, p 571
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=efE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA571
-#
-# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-05):
-# A footnote on https://books.google.com/books?id=DYdDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1689
-# confirms that Ordinance No. 9 of 1906 "was brought into force on the 1st
-# January, 1907."
-
-# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1907 Jan 1 # Victoria
- 4:00 - +04
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
-# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
-# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
-# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
-# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
-# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
+# See Asia/Dubai.
# Sierra Leone
# See Africa/Abidjan.
diff --git a/antarctica b/antarctica
index 70a5422a9e0a..dbdf20932f04 100644
--- a/antarctica
+++ b/antarctica
@@ -157,9 +157,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - -00 1954 Feb 13
# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
#
-# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - -00 1950 # Port-aux-Français
- 5:00 - +05
+# Kerguelen - see Indian/Maldives.
#
# year-round base in the main continent
# Dumont d'Urville - see Pacific/Port_Moresby.
@@ -242,31 +240,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/Troll 0 - -00 2005 Feb 12
# year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
-# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15):
-# http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP
-# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
-# time as Moscow, Russia.
-#
-# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
-# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
-# what they had to say about time there:
-# "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
-# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
-# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
-# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
-# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT."
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
-# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
-# in person. He said that some Antarctic locations set their local
-# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
-# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
-# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
-# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time
-# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess +06.
-#
-Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - -00 1957 Dec 16
- 6:00 - +06
+# See Asia/Urumqi.
# S Africa - year-round bases
# Marion Island, -4653+03752
diff --git a/asia b/asia
index 049b35c148e5..def9b204c053 100644
--- a/asia
+++ b/asia
@@ -255,10 +255,7 @@ Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
6:00 - +06
# Brunei
-# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
- 7:30 - +0730 1933
- 8:00 - +08
+# See Asia/Kuching.
# Burma / Myanmar
@@ -276,6 +273,7 @@ Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon
6:30 - +0630 1942 May
9:00 - +09 1945 May 3
6:30 - +0630
+Link Asia/Yangon Indian/Cocos
# Cambodia
# See Asia/Bangkok.
@@ -344,12 +342,9 @@ Rule Shang 1919 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S
# in the city at the time for people who use different time standard to adjust
# their clock to their preferred time.
#
-# a. For the 1940 May 31 spring forward, the essay claim that it was
-# coordinared between the international settlement authority and the French
-# concession authority and have gathered support from Hong Kong and Xiamen,
-# that it would spring forward an hour from May 31 "midnight", and the essay
-# claim "Hong Kong government implemented the spring forward in the same time
-# on the same date as Shanghai".
+# a. For the 1940 May 31 spring forward, the essay [says] ... "Hong
+# Kong government implemented the spring forward in the same time on
+# the same date as Shanghai".
#
# b. For the 1940 fall back, it was said that they initially intended to do
# so on September 30 00:59 at night, however they postponed it to October 12
@@ -545,7 +540,7 @@ Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=11 2:00 1:00 D
# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08
# Now part of Asia/Shanghai.
# most of China
-# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
+# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time....
# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century".
#
# Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07
@@ -664,6 +659,7 @@ Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=11 2:00 1:00 D
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
+ #STDOFF 8:05:43.2
Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 May 28
8:00 PRC C%sT
@@ -671,11 +667,12 @@ Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
# / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
6:00 - +06
+Link Asia/Urumqi Antarctica/Vostok
# Hong Kong
-# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
+# Milne gives 7:36:41.7.
# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
@@ -859,7 +856,8 @@ Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
Rule HK 1979 only - May 13 3:30 1:00 S
Rule HK 1979 only - Oct 21 3:30 0 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 0:36:42
+ #STDOFF 7:36:41.7
+Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 29 17:00u
8:00 - HKT 1941 Jun 15 3:00
8:00 1:00 HKST 1941 Oct 1 4:00
8:00 0:30 HKWT 1941 Dec 25
@@ -1334,7 +1332,7 @@ Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1854 Jun 28 # Kolkata
#
# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
-# civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
+# civil time was 7:07:12.5.
#
# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
# http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
@@ -1370,10 +1368,11 @@ Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1854 Jun 28 # Kolkata
#
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Java, Sumatra
+ #STDOFF 7:07:12.5
Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
# but this must be a typo.
- 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
+ 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 16:40u # Batavia
7:20 - +0720 1932 Nov
7:30 - +0730 1942 Mar 23
9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
@@ -1405,6 +1404,111 @@ Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
# Iran
+# From Roozbeh Pournader (2022-05-30):
+# Here's an order from the Cabinet to the rest of the government to switch to
+# Tehran time, which is mentioned to be already at +03:30:
+# https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/180138
+# Just in case that goes away, I also saved a copy at archive.org:
+# https://web.archive.org/web/20220530111940/https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/180138
+# Here's my translation:
+#
+# "Circular on Matching the Hours of Governmental and Official Circles
+# in Provinces
+# Approved 1314/03/22 [=1935-06-13]
+# According to the ruling of the Honorable Cabinet, it is ordered that from
+# now on in all internal provinces of the country, governmental and official
+# circles set their time to match Tehran time (three hours and half before
+# Greenwich)....
+#
+# I still haven't found out when Tehran itself switched to +03:30....
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2022-06-05):
+# Although the above says Tehran was at +03:30 before 1935-06-13, we don't
+# know when it switched to +03:30. For now, use 1935-06-13 as the switch date.
+# Although most likely wrong, we have no better info.
+
+# From Roozbeh Pournader (2022-06-01):
+# This is from Kayhan newspaper, one of the major Iranian newspapers, from
+# March 20, 1978, page 2:
+#
+# "Pull the clocks 60 minutes forward
+# As we informed before, from the fourth day of the month Farvardin of the
+# new year [=1978-03-24], clocks will be pulled forward, and people's daily
+# work and life program will start one hour earlier than the current program.
+# On the 1st day of the month Farvardin of this year [=1977-03-21], they had
+# pulled the clocks forward by one hour, but in the month of Mehr
+# [=1977-09-23], the clocks were pulled back by 30 minutes.
+# In this way, from the 4th day of the month Farvardin, clocks will be ahead
+# of the previous years by one hour and a half.
+# According to the new program, during the night of 4th of Farvardin, when
+# the midnight, meaning 24 o'clock is announced, the hands of the clock must
+# be pulled forward by one hour and thus consider midnight 1 o'clock in the
+# forenoon."
+#
+# This implies that in September 1977, when the daylight savings time was
+# done with, Iran didn't go back to +03:30, but immediately to +04:00.
+#
+#
+# This is from the major Iranian newspaper Ettela'at, dated [1978-08-03]...,
+# page 32. It looks like they decided to get the clocks back to +4:00
+# just in time for Ramadan that year:
+#
+# "Tomorrow Night, Pull the Clocks Back by One Hour
+# At 1 o'clock in the forenoon of Saturday 14 Mordad [=1978-08-05], the
+# clocks will be pulled one hour back and instead of 1 o'clock in the
+# forenoon, Radio Iran will announce 24 o'clock.
+# This decision was made in the Cabinet of Ministers meeting of 25 Tir
+# [=1978-07-16], [...]
+# At the beginning of the year 2537 [=March 1978: Iran was using a different
+# year number for a few years then, based on the Coronation of Cyrus the
+# Great], the country's official time was pulled forward by one hour and now
+# the official time is one hour and a half ahead compared to last year,
+# because in Farvardin of last year [=March 1977], the official time was
+# pulled forward one hour and this continued until the second half of last
+# year [=September 1977] until in the second half of last year the official
+# time was pulled back half an hour and that half hour still remains."
+#
+# This matches the time of the true noon published in the newspapers, as they
+# clearly go from +05:00 to +04:00 after that date (which happened during a
+# long weekend in Iran).
+
+# From Roozbeh Pournader (2022-05-31):
+# [Movahedi S. Cultural preconceptions of time: Can we use operational time
+# to meddle in God's Time? Comp Stud Soc Hist. 1985;27(3):385-400]
+# https://www.jstor.org/stable/178704
+# Here's the quotes from the paper:
+# 1. '"Iran's official time keeper moved the clock one hour forward as from
+# March 22, 1977 (Farvardin 2, 2536) to make maximum use of daylight and save
+# in energy consumption. Thus Iran joined such other countries as Britain in
+# observing what is known as 'daylight saving.' The proposal was originally
+# put forward by the Ministry of Energy, in no way having any influence on
+# observing religious ceremonies. Moving time one hour forward in summer
+# means that at 11:00 o'clock on March 21, the official time was set as
+# midnight March 22. Then September 24 will actually begin one hour later
+# than the end of September 23 [...]." Iran's time base thus continued to be
+# Greenwich Mean Time plus three and one-half hours (plus four and one-half
+# hours in summer).'
+#
+# The article sources this from Iran Almanac and Book of Facts, 1977, Tehran:
+# Echo of Iran, which is on Google Books at
+# https://www.google.com/books/edition/Iran_Almanac_and_Book_of_Facts/9ybVAAAAMAAJ.
+# (I confirmed it by searching for snippets.)
+#
+# 2. "After the fall of the shah, the revolutionary government returned to
+# daylight-saving time (DST) on 26 May 1979."
+#
+# This seems to have been announced just one day in advance, on 25 May 1979.
+#
+# The change in 1977 clearly seems to be the first daylight savings effort in
+# Iran. But the article doesn't mention what happened in 1978 (which was
+# still during the shah's government), or how things continued in 1979
+# onwards (which was during the Islamic Republic).
+
+# From Francis Santoni (2022-06-01):
+# for Iran and 1977 the effective change is only 20 october
+# (UIT No. 143 17.XI.1977) and not 23 september (UIT No. 141 13.IX.1977).
+# UIT is the Operational Bulletin of International Telecommunication Union.
+
# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
@@ -1439,65 +1543,12 @@ Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
# plan to change that law....
#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-30):
-# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
-# I used the following code in GNU Emacs 26.1 to generate the "Rule Iran"
-# lines from 2008 through 2087. Emacs 26.1 uses Ed Reingold's
-# cal-persia implementation of Birashk's approximation, which in the
-# 2008-2087 range disagrees with the astronomical Persian calendar
-# for Persian years 1404 (Gregorian 2025) and 1437 (Gregorian 2058), so
-# the following code special-cases those years. See Table 15.1, page 264, of:
-# Edward M. Reingold and Nachum Dershowitz, Calendrical Calculations:
-# The Ultimate Edition, Cambridge University Press (2018).
-# https://www.cambridge.org/fr/academic/subjects/computer-science/computing-general-interest/calendrical-calculations-ultimate-edition-4th-edition
-# Page 258, footnote 2, of this book says there is some dispute over what will
-# happen in 2091 (and some other years after that), so this code
-# stops in 2087, as 2088 and 2089 agree with the "max" rule below.
-# (cl-loop
-# initially (require 'cal-persia)
-# with first-persian-year = 1387
-# with last-persian-year = 1466
-# ;; Exceptional years in the above range,
-# ;; from Reingold & Dershowitz Table 15.1, page 264:
-# with exceptional-persian-years = '(1404 1437)
-# with range-start = nil
-# for persian-year from first-persian-year to last-persian-year
-# do
-# (let*
-# ((exceptional-year-offset
-# (if (member persian-year exceptional-persian-years) 1 0))
-# (beg-dst-absolute
-# (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 1 1 persian-year))
-# exceptional-year-offset))
-# (end-dst-absolute
-# (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 6 30 persian-year))
-# exceptional-year-offset))
-# (next-year-beg-dst-absolute
-# (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 1 1 (1+ persian-year)))
-# (if (member (1+ persian-year) exceptional-persian-years) 1 0)))
-# (beg-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute beg-dst-absolute))
-# (end-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute end-dst-absolute))
-# (next-year-beg-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
-# next-year-beg-dst-absolute))
-# (year (calendar-extract-year beg-dst))
-# (range-end (if range-start year "only")))
-# (setq range-start (or range-start year))
-# (when (or (/= (calendar-extract-day beg-dst)
-# (calendar-extract-day next-year-beg-dst))
-# (= persian-year last-persian-year))
-# (insert
-# (format
-# "Rule\tIran\t%d\t%s\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\t-\n"
-# range-start range-end
-# (calendar-month-name (calendar-extract-month beg-dst) t)
-# (calendar-extract-day beg-dst)))
-# (insert
-# (format
-# "Rule\tIran\t%d\t%s\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n"
-# range-start range-end
-# (calendar-month-name (calendar-extract-month end-dst) t)
-# (calendar-extract-day end-dst)))
-# (setq range-start nil))))
+# From Paul Eggert (2022-06-30):
+# Go with Pournader for 1935 through spring 1979, and for timestamps
+# after August 1991; go with with Shanks & Pottenger for other timestamps.
+# Go with Santoni's citation of the UIT for fall 1977, as 20 October 1977
+# is 28 Mehr 1356, consistent with the "Mehr" in Pournader's source.
+# Assume that the UIT's "1930" is UTC, i.e., 24:00 local time.
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
@@ -1531,10 +1582,23 @@ Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
# thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
#
+# From Ali Mirjamali (2022-05-10):
+# Official IR News Agency announcement: irna.ir/xjJ3TT
+# ...
+# Highlights: DST will be cancelled for the next Iranian year 1402
+# (i.e 2023-March-21) and forthcoming years.
+#
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 20 24:00 0 -
+# Work around a bug in zic 2022a and earlier.
+Rule Iran 1910 only - Jan 1 00:00 0 -
+#
+Rule Iran 1977 only - Mar 21 23:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 1977 only - Oct 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 1978 only - Mar 24 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 1978 only - Aug 5 01:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 1979 only - May 26 24:00 1:00 -
Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 1980 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 22 24:00 0 -
Rule Iran 1991 only - May 2 24:00 1:00 -
Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
@@ -1565,85 +1629,13 @@ Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2038 2039 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2038 2039 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2040 2041 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2040 2041 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2042 2043 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2042 2043 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2044 2045 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2044 2045 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2046 2047 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2046 2047 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2048 2049 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2048 2049 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2050 2051 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2050 2051 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2052 2053 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2052 2053 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2054 2055 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2054 2055 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2056 2057 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2056 2057 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2058 2059 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2058 2059 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2060 2062 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2060 2062 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2063 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2063 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2064 2066 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2064 2066 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2067 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2067 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2068 2070 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2068 2070 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2071 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2071 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2072 2074 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2072 2074 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2075 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2075 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2076 2078 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2076 2078 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2079 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2079 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2080 2082 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2080 2082 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2083 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2083 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2084 2086 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2084 2086 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2087 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2087 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-#
-# The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2088.
-# These are the best post-2088 approximations available, given the
-# restrictions of a single rule using ordinary Gregorian dates.
-# At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite
-# possibly Iran will change the rules first.
-Rule Iran 2088 max - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2088 max - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2021 2022 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2021 2022 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
- 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
- 3:30 - +0330 1977 Nov
+ 3:25:44 - TMT 1935 Jun 13 # Tehran Mean Time
+ 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430 1977 Oct 20 24:00
4:00 Iran +04/+05 1979
3:30 Iran +0330/+0430
@@ -2465,9 +2457,9 @@ Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
# the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03).
# From Alexander Konzurovski (2018-12-20):
-# Qyzyolrda Region (Asia/Qyzylorda) is changing its time zone from
-# UTC+6 to UTC+5 effective December 21st, 2018. The legal document is
-# located here: http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1800000817 (russian language).
+# (Asia/Qyzylorda) is changing its time zone from UTC+6 to UTC+5
+# effective December 21st, 2018....
+# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1800000817 (russian language).
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
#
@@ -2744,20 +2736,8 @@ Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 -
Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
#
-# peninsular Malaysia
-# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
-# https://web.archive.org/web/20190822231045/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mathelmr/teaching/timezone.html
-# This agrees with Singapore since 1905-06-01.
-# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
- 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
- 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
- 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
- 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
- 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
- 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
- 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
- 8:00 - +08
+# For peninsular Malaysia see Asia/Singapore.
+#
# Sabah & Sarawak
# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
@@ -2768,12 +2748,14 @@ Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16
9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
8:00 - +08
+Link Asia/Kuching Asia/Brunei
# Maldives
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Malé
4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Malé Mean Time
5:00 - +05
+Link Indian/Maldives Indian/Kerguelen
# Mongolia
@@ -3608,6 +3590,7 @@ Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
8:00 - +08
+Link Asia/Singapore Asia/Kuala_Lumpur
# Spratly Is
# no information
@@ -3842,7 +3825,7 @@ Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
+ 5:00 1:00 +06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
5:00 - +05
# Thailand
@@ -3852,6 +3835,7 @@ Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
7:00 - +07
Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia
Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos
+Link Asia/Bangkok Indian/Christmas
# Turkmenistan
# From Shanks & Pottenger.
@@ -3867,6 +3851,8 @@ Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
4:00 - +04
Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman
+Link Asia/Dubai Indian/Mahe
+Link Asia/Dubai Indian/Reunion
# Uzbekistan
# Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
@@ -3878,7 +3864,8 @@ Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2
6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
5:00 - +05
-# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
+# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8.
+ #STDOFF 4:37:10.8
Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00
@@ -3897,7 +3884,7 @@ Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
# City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
+# From Paul Eggert (2022-07-27) after a 2014 heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
# Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)"
# (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50,
# is quoted verbatim in:
@@ -3909,8 +3896,8 @@ Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
# The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to
# Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104° 17' 17" east of Paris.
# It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or
-# the Paris Meridian (2° 20' 14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333...
-# and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30,
+# the Paris Meridian; for now guess the former and round the exact
+# 07:06:30.1333... to 07:06:30.13 as the legal spec used 66 2/3 ms precision.
# which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory
# is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT.
#
@@ -3937,7 +3924,8 @@ Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
# NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
+ #STDOFF 7:06:30.13
+Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:30 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 # Phù Liễn MT
7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00
8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00
diff --git a/australasia b/australasia
index 77c2c69f0974..d6d11718e032 100644
--- a/australasia
+++ b/australasia
@@ -252,16 +252,10 @@ Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov
10:00 AT AE%sT
# Christmas
-# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
- 7:00 - +07
+# See Asia/Bangkok.
# Cocos (Keeling) Is
-# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
-# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
-# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
- 6:30 - +0630
+# See Asia/Yangon.
# Fiji
@@ -478,6 +472,11 @@ Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
12:00 - +12
+Link Pacific/Tarawa Pacific/Funafuti
+Link Pacific/Tarawa Pacific/Majuro
+Link Pacific/Tarawa Pacific/Wake
+Link Pacific/Tarawa Pacific/Wallis
+
Zone Pacific/Kanton 0 - -00 1937 Aug 31
-12:00 - -12 1979 Oct
-11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31
@@ -491,15 +490,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
# See Pacific/Guam.
# Marshall Is
+# See Pacific/Tarawa for most locations.
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
- 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
- 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
- 11:00 - +11 1937
- 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
- 9:00 - +09 1944 Jan 30
- 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
- 12:00 - +12
Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
11:00 - +11 1937
10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
@@ -509,22 +501,9 @@ Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
12:00 - +12
# Micronesia
+# For Chuuk and Yap see Pacific/Port_Moresby.
+# For Pohnpei see Pacific/Guadalcanal.
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
- 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
- 10:00 - +10 1914 Oct
- 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
- 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
- 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug
- 10:00 - +10
-Zone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia
- 10:32:52 - LMT 1901
- 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
- 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
- 11:00 - +11 1937
- 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
- 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug
- 11:00 - +11
Zone Pacific/Kosrae -13:08:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
10:51:56 - LMT 1901
11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
@@ -594,12 +573,12 @@ Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 -
Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
12:00 NZ NZ%sT
+Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
+
Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1
12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345
-Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
-
# Auckland Is
# uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
# and scientific personnel have wintered
@@ -658,7 +637,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Rarotonga 13:20:56 - LMT 1899 Dec 26 # Avarua
# Niue
-# See Pacific/Raratonga comments for 1952 transition.
+# See Pacific/Rarotonga comments for 1952 transition.
#
# From Tim Parenti (2021-09-13):
# Consecutive contemporaneous editions of The Air Almanac listed -11:20 for
@@ -694,6 +673,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
10:00 - +10
Link Pacific/Port_Moresby Antarctica/DumontDUrville
+Link Pacific/Port_Moresby Pacific/Chuuk
#
# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
@@ -821,6 +801,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
11:00 - +11
+Link Pacific/Guadalcanal Pacific/Pohnpei
# Tokelau
#
@@ -861,9 +842,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:12 - LMT 1945 Sep 10
13:00 Tonga +13/+14
# Tuvalu
-# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
- 12:00 - +12
+# See Pacific/Tarawa.
# US minor outlying islands
@@ -922,9 +901,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
# Wake
-# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
- 12:00 - +12
+# See Pacific/Tarawa.
# Vanuatu
@@ -963,9 +940,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12
# Wallis and Futuna
-# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
- 12:00 - +12
+# See Pacific/Tarawa.
###############################################################################
@@ -1283,6 +1258,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# to have the extra hour of sunshine removed from their area." See:
# Daylight saving coming to WA in 2019. Guardian Express. 2018-04-01.
# https://www.communitynews.com.au/guardian-express/news/exclusive-daylight-savings-coming-wa-summer-2018/
+# [The article ends with "Today's date is April 1."]
# Queensland
@@ -1826,16 +1802,12 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# "In Marshall Islands, Friday is followed by Sunday", NY Times. 1993-08-22.
# https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/22/world/in-marshall-islands-friday-is-followed-by-sunday.html
-# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
-# ... pointed out that
-# currently tzdata say Pacific/Kwajalein switched from GMT+11 to GMT-12 in
-# 1969 October without explanation, however an 1993 article from NYT say it
-# synchorized its day with US mainland about 40 years ago and thus the switch
-# should occur at around 1950s instead.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
-# The NYT (actually, AP) article is vague and possibly wrong about this.
-# The article says the earlier switch was "40 years ago when the United States
+# From Paul Eggert (2022-03-31):
+# Phake Nick (2018-10-27) noted 's
+# citation of a 1993 AP article published in the New York Times saying
+# Kwajalein synchronized its day with the US mainland about 40 years earlier.
+# However the AP article is vague and possibly wrong about this. The article
+# says the earlier switch was "about 40 years ago when the United States
# Army established a missile test range here". However, the Kwajalein Test
# Center was established on 1960-10-01 and was run by the US Navy. It was
# transferred to the US Army on 1964-07-01. See "Seize the High Ground"
@@ -1882,13 +1854,6 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# Like the Ladrones (see Guam commentary), assume the Spanish East Indies
# kept American time until the Philippines switched at the end of 1844.
-# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
-# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
-# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
-#
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11
-# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
-
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
@@ -2219,7 +2184,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now.
# From David Wade (2017-10-18):
-# In August government was disolved by the King. The current prime minister
+# In August government was dissolved by the King. The current prime minister
# continued in office in care taker mode. It is easy to see that few
# decisions will be made until elections 16th November.
#
@@ -2227,26 +2192,6 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing.
-# Wake
-
-# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
-# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
-#
-# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the
-# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
-# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
-# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
-# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
-# impossible.
-#
-# https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
-# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
-
-# See also the commentary for Micronesia.
-
-
###############################################################################
# The International Date Line
diff --git a/backward b/backward
index 7685c7429c50..e162eebc81ee 100644
--- a/backward
+++ b/backward
@@ -4,10 +4,15 @@
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
# This file provides links from old or merged timezone names to current ones.
-# Many names changed in late 1993. Several of these names are
+# Many names changed in late 1993, and many merged names moved here
+# in the period from 2013 through 2022. Several of these names are
# also present in the file 'backzone', which has data important only
# for pre-1970 timestamps and so is out of scope for tzdb proper.
+# Although this file is optional and tzdb will work if you omit it by
+# building with 'make BACKWARD=', in practice downstream users
+# typically use this file for backward compatibility.
+
# Link TARGET LINK-NAME
Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmera
Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Timbuktu
@@ -48,7 +53,7 @@ Link Asia/Thimphu Asia/Thimbu
Link Asia/Makassar Asia/Ujung_Pandang
Link Asia/Ulaanbaatar Asia/Ulan_Bator
Link Atlantic/Faroe Atlantic/Faeroe
-Link Europe/Oslo Atlantic/Jan_Mayen
+Link Europe/Berlin Atlantic/Jan_Mayen
Link Australia/Sydney Australia/ACT
Link Australia/Sydney Australia/Canberra
Link Australia/Hobart Australia/Currie
@@ -83,6 +88,7 @@ Link Africa/Cairo Egypt
Link Europe/Dublin Eire
Link Etc/UTC Etc/UCT
Link Europe/London Europe/Belfast
+Link Europe/Kyiv Europe/Kiev
Link Europe/Chisinau Europe/Tiraspol
Link Europe/London GB
Link Europe/London GB-Eire
@@ -91,7 +97,7 @@ Link Etc/GMT GMT-0
Link Etc/GMT GMT0
Link Etc/GMT Greenwich
Link Asia/Hong_Kong Hongkong
-Link Atlantic/Reykjavik Iceland
+Link Africa/Abidjan Iceland
Link Asia/Tehran Iran
Link Asia/Jerusalem Israel
Link America/Jamaica Jamaica
@@ -107,10 +113,10 @@ Link America/Denver Navajo
Link Asia/Shanghai PRC
Link Pacific/Kanton Pacific/Enderbury
Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston
-Link Pacific/Pohnpei Pacific/Ponape
+Link Pacific/Guadalcanal Pacific/Ponape
Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Samoa
-Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Truk
-Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Yap
+Link Pacific/Port_Moresby Pacific/Truk
+Link Pacific/Port_Moresby Pacific/Yap
Link Europe/Warsaw Poland
Link Europe/Lisbon Portugal
Link Asia/Taipei ROC
diff --git a/backzone b/backzone
index 879a14025183..e2e124fdaf56 100644
--- a/backzone
+++ b/backzone
@@ -65,6 +65,11 @@
# Zones are sorted by zone name. Each zone is preceded by the
# name of the country that the zone is in, along with any other
# commentary and rules associated with the entry.
+# If the zone overrides links in the main data, it
+# is followed by the corresponding Link lines.
+# If the zone overrides main-data links only when building with
+# PACKRATLIST=zone.tab, it is followed by a commented-out Link line
+# that starts with "#PACKRATLIST zone.tab".
#
# As explained in the zic man page, the zone columns are:
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
@@ -181,6 +186,7 @@ Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912
0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
-1:00 - -01 1960 Jun 20
0:00 - GMT
+#PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link Africa/Bamako Africa/Timbuktu
# Central African Republic
Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912
@@ -498,6 +504,7 @@ Zone America/Atikokan -6:06:28 - LMT 1895
-6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
-6:00 Canada C%sT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
-5:00 - EST
+#PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link America/Atikokan America/Coral_Harbour
# Quebec east of Natashquan
@@ -829,6 +836,35 @@ Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole
Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - -00 1957 Jan 29
3:00 - +03
+# Vostok, Antarctica
+#
+# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
+# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15):
+# http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP
+# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
+# time as Moscow, Russia.
+#
+# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
+# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
+# what they had to say about time there:
+# "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
+# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
+# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
+# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
+# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT."
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
+# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
+# in person. He said that some Antarctic locations set their local
+# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
+# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
+# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
+# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time
+# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess +06.
+#
+Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - -00 1957 Dec 16
+ 6:00 - +06
+
# Yemen
# Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden,
# and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia.
@@ -867,6 +903,11 @@ Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1941 Jul 20 # Manamah
4:00 - +04 1972 Jun
3:00 - +03
+# Brunei
+Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
+ 7:30 - +0730 1933
+ 8:00 - +08
+
# India
#
# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
@@ -922,6 +963,20 @@ Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
5:00 - +05 1980 May
8:00 PRC C%sT
+# peninsular Malaysia
+# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
+# https://web.archive.org/web/20190822231045/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mathelmr/teaching/timezone.html
+# This agrees with Singapore since 1905-06-01.
+Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
+ 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
+ 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
+ 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
+ 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
+ 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
+ 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
+ 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
+ 8:00 - +08
+
# Kuwait
Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
3:00 - +03
@@ -995,6 +1050,64 @@ Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
# From Whitman:
Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - -01
+# Iceland
+#
+# From Adam David (1993-11-06):
+# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
+#
+# (1993-12-05):
+# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
+# Iceland Almanak.
+#
+# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
+# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
+# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavík mean solar time which
+# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
+#
+# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
+# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
+# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
+# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
+#
+# (1993-12-10):
+# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
+# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
+# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
+# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
+# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
+# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
+# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
+# might mean something else (???).
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22):
+# The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see
+# http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html
+#
+Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
+Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
+Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 -
+Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 -
+Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 -
+Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 -
+# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
+Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 -
+Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
+# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
+Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 -
+# 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week
+Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
+Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
+Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
+
+Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908
+ -1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
+ 0:00 - GMT
+Link Atlantic/Reykjavik Iceland
+
# St Helena
Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown
-0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time
@@ -1006,6 +1119,82 @@ Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
10:00 Aus AE%sT 1968 Oct 15
10:00 AT AE%sT
+
+# Netherlands
+
+# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
+# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
+
+# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
+# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
+# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
+# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
+# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
+# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
+# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
+# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
+# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
+#
+# (2001-04-08):
+# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
+# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
+# practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
+#
+# (2001-04-09):
+# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
+# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
+# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
+# actually followed.
+#
+# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
+# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
+# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
+# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
+# adopted Amsterdam mean time.
+#
+# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
+# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
+# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
+# Amsterdam mean time.
+
+# The data entries before 1945 are taken from
+# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-09):
+# I invented the abbreviations AMT for Amsterdam Mean Time and NST for
+# Netherlands Summer Time, used in the Netherlands from 1835 to 1937.
+
+Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
+Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
+Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
+Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
+Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
+Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT
+Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
+Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
+Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
+Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
+Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
+# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
+# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
+Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
+Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
+Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
+Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
+Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
+ #STDOFF 0:19:32.13
+Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
+ 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
+ 0:20 Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16 0:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
+ 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+
# Northern Ireland
Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
-0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00
@@ -1017,6 +1206,60 @@ Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
0:00 EU GMT/BST
+
+# Denmark
+
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
+# the law [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
+# The page https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1893/83
+# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
+#
+# The EU [actually, EEC and Euratom] treaty with effect from 1973:
+# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1972/21100
+#
+# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
+# in subsequent decrees with the law
+# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1974/223
+#
+# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have
+# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
+# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
+# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from
+# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know
+# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
+# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
+# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
+# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
+# was suspended on that night):
+# https://web.archive.org/web/20140104053304/https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=60267
+
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
+# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
+# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
+# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
+# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.
+
+Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
+Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
+#
+Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
+ 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT
+ 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
+ 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
# Guernsey
# Data from Joseph S. Myers
# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html
@@ -1072,6 +1315,86 @@ Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884
1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+# Luxembourg
+
+# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
+# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
+Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
+Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
+Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
+Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
+Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
+Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
+Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
+Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
+
+Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
+ 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
+ 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
+ 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
+ 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+# Monaco
+#
+# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12):
+# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1892-05-24, online at
+# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/b1c67c12c5af11b41ea888fb048e4fe8.pdf
+# we read: ...
+# [In virtue of a Sovereign Ordinance of the May 13 of the current [year],
+# legal time in the Principality will be set to, from the date of June 1,
+# 1892 onwards, to the meridian of Paris, as in France.]
+# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1911-03-28, online at
+# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/de74ffb7db53d4f599059fe8f0ed482a.pdf
+# we read an ordinance of 1911-03-16: ...
+# [Legal time in the Principality will be set, from the date of promulgation
+# of the present ordinance, to legal time in France.... Consequently, legal
+# time will be retarded by 9 minutes and 21 seconds.]
+#
+Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1892 Jun 1
+ 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 29 # Paris Mean Time
+ 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
+ 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+
+# Norway
+
+# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
+# Pottenger.
+Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
+Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
+
+Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
+ 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
+ 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
+#PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link Europe/Oslo Atlantic/Jan_Mayen
+
# Bosnia and Herzegovina
Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884
1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
@@ -1089,6 +1412,62 @@ Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884
1:00 EU CE%sT
+# Sweden
+
+# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
+#
+# The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
+# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
+# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
+# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
+# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
+#
+# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18° 03' 30"
+# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
+# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
+#
+# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
+# författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
+# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
+# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
+# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
+# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
+# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
+# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
+#
+# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states
+# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
+# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
+# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
+#
+# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
+# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
+# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
+# in Swedish): (type
+# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
+# the Sök-button).
+#
+# (2001-05-13):
+#
+# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
+# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
+# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some
+# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
+# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
+# hour before the event took place.
+#
+# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
+
+# An extra-special abbreviation style is SET for Swedish Time (svensk
+# normaltid) 1879-1899, 3° west of the Stockholm Observatory.
+
+Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
+ 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time
+ 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00
+ 1:00 - CET 1980
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
# Moldova / Transnistria
Zone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880
@@ -1102,6 +1481,15 @@ Zone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD
# Liechtenstein
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2022-07-21):
+# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich starting June 1894.
+
+# From Alois Treindl (2019-07-04):
+# I was able to access the online archive of the Vaduz paper Vaterland ...
+# I could confirm from the paper that Liechtenstein did in fact follow
+# the same DST in 1941 and 1942 as Switzerland did.
+
Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
1:00 EU CE%sT
@@ -1120,14 +1508,87 @@ Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul
3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s
3:00 - EAT
+# Christmas
+Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
+ 7:00 - +07
+
+# Cocos (Keeling) Is
+# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
+# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
+Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
+ 6:30 - +0630
+
# Comoros
Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
3:00 - EAT
+# Kerguelen
+Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - -00 1950 # Port-aux-Français
+ 5:00 - +05
+
+# Seychelles
+#
+# From P Chan (2020-11-27):
+# Standard Time was adopted on 1907-01-01.
+#
+# Standard Time Ordinance (Chapter 237)
+# The Laws of Seychelles in Force on the 31st December, 1971, Vol. 6, p 571
+# https://books.google.com/books?id=efE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA571
+#
+# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-05):
+# A footnote on https://books.google.com/books?id=DYdDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1689
+# confirms that Ordinance No. 9 of 1906 "was brought into force on the 1st
+# January, 1907."
+
+Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1907 Jan 1 # Victoria
+ 4:00 - +04
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
+# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
+# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
+# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
+# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
+# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
+
+
# Mayotte
Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
3:00 - EAT
+# Réunion
+Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
+ 4:00 - +04
+#
+# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
+# The following information about them is taken from
+# Îles Éparses (, 1997-07-22,
+# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
+# We have no info about their time zone histories.
+#
+# Bassas da India - uninhabited
+# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
+# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
+# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
+# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
+
+# Micronesia
+# Also see Pacific/Pohnpei and commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
+# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
+# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
+# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
+# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11
+# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
+Zone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
+ 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
+ 10:00 - +10 1914 Oct
+ 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
+ 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
+ 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug
+ 10:00 - +10
+Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Truk
+Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Yap
+
# Phoenix Islands, Kiribati
# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-27):
# Enderbury was inhabited 1860/1880s to mine guano, and 1938-03-06/1942-02-09
@@ -1140,9 +1601,23 @@ Zone Pacific/Enderbury 0 - -00 1860
-12:00 - -12 1942 Feb 9
0 - -00
+# Tuvalu
+Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
+ 12:00 - +12
+
# Johnston
Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
+# Marshall Is
+Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
+ 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
+ 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
+ 11:00 - +11 1937
+ 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
+ 9:00 - +09 1944 Jan 30
+ 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
+ 12:00 - +12
+
# Midway
#
# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
@@ -1160,6 +1635,18 @@ Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
-11:00 1:00 -10 1956 Sep 2
-11:00 - -11
+# Micronesia
+# Also see Pacific/Chuuk and commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'.
+Zone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia
+ 10:32:52 - LMT 1901
+ 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
+ 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
+ 11:00 - +11 1937
+ 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
+ 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug
+ 11:00 - +11
+Link Pacific/Pohnpei Pacific/Ponape
+
# N Mariana Is
Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
9:43:00 - LMT 1901
@@ -1167,6 +1654,33 @@ Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
10:00 - +10 2000 Dec 23
10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
+
+# Wake
+
+# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
+# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
+#
+# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the
+# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
+# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
+# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
+# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
+# impossible.
+#
+# https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
+# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
+
+# Also see commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'.
+Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
+ 12:00 - +12
+
+
+# Wallis and Futuna
+Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+ 12:00 - +12
+
# Local Variables:
# coding: utf-8
# End:
diff --git a/calendars b/calendars
index 8bc70626eb5a..f4ed9e434e50 100644
--- a/calendars
+++ b/calendars
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ kalenderväsen" by Lars-Olof Lodén (1968).
Grotefend's data
-From: "Michael Palmer" [with one obvious typo fixed]
+From: "Michael Palmer" [with two obvious typos fixed]
Subject: Re: Gregorian Calendar (was Re: Another FHC related question
Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.german
Date: Tue, 9 Feb 1999 02:32:48 -800
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ Gregorian calendar:
31 Dec 1700/
12 Jan 1701 - Friesland, Groningen, Zürich, Bern, Basel, Geneva,
- Turgau, and Schaffhausen
+ Thurgau, and Schaffhausen
1724 - Glarus, Appenzell, and the city of St. Gallen
diff --git a/etcetera b/etcetera
index 1dc7411f04cf..a7e0eb4168ad 100644
--- a/etcetera
+++ b/etcetera
@@ -17,12 +17,16 @@
# behind GMT but uses the completely misleading abbreviation "GMT".
Zone Etc/GMT 0 - GMT
+
+# The following zone is used by tzcode functions like gmtime,
+# which load the "UTC" file to handle seconds properly.
Zone Etc/UTC 0 - UTC
# The following link uses older naming conventions,
# but it belongs here, not in the file 'backward',
-# as functions like gmtime load the "GMT" file to handle leap seconds properly.
-# We want this to work even on installations that omit the other older names.
+# as it is needed for tzcode releases through 2022a,
+# where functions like gmtime load "GMT" instead of the "Etc/UTC".
+# We want this to work even on installations that omit 'backward'.
Link Etc/GMT GMT
Link Etc/UTC Etc/Universal
diff --git a/europe b/europe
index 208585de50e6..c3a3cc4701c6 100644
--- a/europe
+++ b/europe
@@ -303,8 +303,7 @@
# UT-00:25:22 and cites the International Telegraph Bureau. As it is
# not clear that there was any practical significance to the change
# from UT-00:25:22 to UT-00:25:21.1 in civil timekeeping, omit this
-# transition for now and just use the latter value, omitting its
-# fraction since our format cannot represent fractions.
+# transition for now and just use the latter value.
# "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time
# was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that
@@ -500,7 +499,7 @@ Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
+Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
@@ -538,7 +537,8 @@ Rule Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u -1:00 -
Rule Eire 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u -1:00 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
+ #STDOFF -0:25:21.1
+Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
-0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00s
-0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
@@ -961,6 +961,8 @@ Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1:00 EU CE%sT
+Link Europe/Brussels Europe/Amsterdam
+Link Europe/Brussels Europe/Luxembourg
# Bosnia and Herzegovina
# See Europe/Belgrade.
@@ -1023,62 +1025,12 @@ Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
# End of rearguard section.
1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
1:00 EU CE%sT
-# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
+Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
+
# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
+# For Denmark see Europe/Berlin.
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
-# the law [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
-# The page https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1893/83
-# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
-#
-# The EU [actually, EEC and Euratom] treaty with effect from 1973:
-# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1972/21100
-#
-# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
-# in subsequent decrees with the law
-# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1974/223
-#
-# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have
-# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
-# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
-# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from
-# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know
-# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
-# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
-# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
-# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
-# was suspended on that night):
-# https://web.archive.org/web/20140104053304/https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=60267
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
-# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
-# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
-# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
-# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
-Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
-#
-# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
- 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT
- 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
- 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn
0:00 - WET 1981
0:00 EU WE%sT
@@ -1298,10 +1250,10 @@ Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 -
Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
-# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document);
-# round to nearest.
+# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document).
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ #STDOFF 1:39:49.2
Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31
1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983
@@ -1448,6 +1400,7 @@ Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 16
0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1:00 EU CE%sT
+Link Europe/Paris Europe/Monaco
# Germany
@@ -1491,21 +1444,11 @@ Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946
1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
1:00 EU CE%sT
+Link Europe/Berlin Arctic/Longyearbyen
+Link Europe/Berlin Europe/Copenhagen
+Link Europe/Berlin Europe/Oslo
+Link Europe/Berlin Europe/Stockholm
-# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
-# Büsingen , surrounded by the Swiss canton
-# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
-# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
-# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
-# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
-#
-# Source for the time in Büsingen 1980:
-# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
-# Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
-
-Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen
# Georgia
# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
@@ -1514,7 +1457,7 @@ Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen
# Gibraltar
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s
+Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
1:00 - CET 1982
1:00 EU CE%sT
@@ -1625,62 +1568,7 @@ Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Nov 1
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Iceland
-#
-# From Adam David (1993-11-06):
-# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
-#
-# (1993-12-05):
-# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
-# Iceland Almanak.
-#
-# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
-# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
-# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavík mean solar time which
-# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
-#
-# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
-# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
-# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
-# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
-#
-# (1993-12-10):
-# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
-# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
-# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
-# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
-# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
-# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
-# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
-# might mean something else (???).
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22):
-# The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see
-# http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html
-#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
-Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
-Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 -
-Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 -
-Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 -
-Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 -
-# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
-Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 -
-Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
-# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
-Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 -
-# 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week
-Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
-Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
-Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
-# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908
- -1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
- 0:00 - GMT
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
# Italy
#
@@ -1796,19 +1684,19 @@ Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Dec 12
- 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Oct 31 23:49:56 # Rome Mean
+ 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Oct 31 23:00u # Rome Mean
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1943 Sep 10
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jun 4
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1:00 EU CE%sT
+Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
+Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
+
# Kosovo
# See Europe/Belgrade.
-Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
-Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
-
# Latvia
# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
@@ -1892,16 +1780,7 @@ Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Liechtenstein
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich.
-
-# From Alois Treindl (2019-07-04):
-# I was able to access the online archive of the Vaduz paper Vaterland ...
-# I could confirm from the paper that Liechtenstein did in fact follow
-# the same DST in 1941 and 1942 as Switzerland did.
-
-Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
+# See Europe/Zurich.
# Lithuania
@@ -1957,40 +1836,7 @@ Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Luxembourg
-# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
-# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
- 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
- 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
- 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
- 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
- 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
+# See Europe/Brussels.
# North Macedonia
# See Europe/Belgrade.
@@ -2009,7 +1855,7 @@ Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta
+Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1:00 EU CE%sT
@@ -2091,126 +1937,16 @@ Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
2:00 Moldova EE%sT
# Monaco
-#
-# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12):
-# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1892-05-24, online at
-# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/b1c67c12c5af11b41ea888fb048e4fe8.pdf
-# we read: ...
-# [In virtue of a Sovereign Ordinance of the May 13 of the current [year],
-# legal time in the Principality will be set to, from the date of June 1,
-# 1892 onwards, to the meridian of Paris, as in France.]
-# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1911-03-28, online at
-# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/de74ffb7db53d4f599059fe8f0ed482a.pdf
-# we read an ordinance of 1911-03-16: ...
-# [Legal time in the Principality will be set, from the date of promulgation
-# of the present ordinance, to legal time in France.... Consequently, legal
-# time will be retarded by 9 minutes and 21 seconds.]
-#
-# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1892 Jun 1
- 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 29 # Paris Mean Time
- 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
- 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
+# See Europe/Paris.
# Montenegro
# See Europe/Belgrade.
# Netherlands
-
-# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
-# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
-
-# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
-# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
-# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
-# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
-# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
-# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
-# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
-# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
-# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
-#
-# (2001-04-08):
-# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
-# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
-# practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
-#
-# (2001-04-09):
-# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
-# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
-# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
-# actually followed.
-#
-# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
-# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
-# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
-# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
-# adopted Amsterdam mean time.
-#
-# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
-# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
-# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
-# Amsterdam mean time.
-
-# The data entries before 1945 are taken from
-# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-09):
-# I invented the abbreviations AMT for Amsterdam Mean Time and NST for
-# Netherlands Summer Time, used in the Netherlands from 1835 to 1937.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
-Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
-Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
-Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
-Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
-Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT
-Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
-Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
-Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
-Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
-Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
-# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
-# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
-Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
-Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
-Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
-Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
-Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
-#
-# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13, but the .13 is omitted
-# below because the current format requires STDOFF to be an integer.
-# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
- 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
- 0:20 Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16 0:00
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
- 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
+# See Europe/Brussels.
# Norway
-# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
-# Pottenger.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
-Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
-Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
-# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
- 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
- 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
+# See Europe/Berlin.
# Svalbard & Jan Mayen
@@ -2257,9 +1993,9 @@ Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
#
-# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo
+# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Berlin
# for these regions.
-Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
+
# Poland
@@ -2313,7 +2049,6 @@ Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
# https://dre.pt/application/dir/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
# Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00.
-# Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett....
#
# From Michael Deckers (2018-02-15):
# article 5 [of the 1911 decree; Deckers's translation] ...:
@@ -2400,6 +2135,7 @@ Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
#
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ #STDOFF -0:36:44.68
Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884
-0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 0:00u # Lisbon MT
0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
@@ -2408,9 +2144,13 @@ Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884
0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
0:00 EU WE%sT
-# This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
-1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 2:00u # Horta MT
+# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support %z.
+# -2:00 Port %z 1966 Apr 3 2:00
+# -1:00 Port %z 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
+# -1:00 W-Eur %z 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
+# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking %z; see ziguard.awk.
-2:00 Port -02/-01 1942 Apr 25 22:00s
-2:00 Port +00 1942 Aug 15 22:00s
-2:00 Port -02/-01 1943 Apr 17 22:00s
@@ -2422,11 +2162,14 @@ Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
-2:00 Port -02/-01 1966 Apr 3 2:00
-1:00 Port -01/+00 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
-1:00 W-Eur -01/+00 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
+# End of rearguard section.
0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
-1:00 EU -01/+00
-# This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
-1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u # Funchal MT
+# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support %z.
+# -1:00 Port %z 1966 Apr 3 2:00
+# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking %z; see ziguard.awk.
-1:00 Port -01/+00 1942 Apr 25 22:00s
-1:00 Port +01 1942 Aug 15 22:00s
-1:00 Port -01/+00 1943 Apr 17 22:00s
@@ -2436,6 +2179,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
-1:00 Port -01/+00 1945 Apr 21 22:00s
-1:00 Port +01 1945 Aug 25 22:00s
-1:00 Port -01/+00 1966 Apr 3 2:00
+# End of rearguard section.
0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
0:00 EU WE%sT
@@ -2854,20 +2598,19 @@ Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 20
# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
#
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
-# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
+# From Paul Eggert (2022-07-21):
+# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reported that central Crimea switched
+# from Kyiv to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
-# changed in May.
+# changed in May. This change evidently didn't last long; see below.
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
-# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
- 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s
+# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also said that Kerch is still like Kyiv.
+ 3:00 C-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s
3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
-# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
+# IATA SSIM (1997-09) said Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
@@ -3036,11 +2779,12 @@ Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk 3:13:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
# Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak
# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.
-# Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest.
+# Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9.
# Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05.
# Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard.
# The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks.
+ #STDOFF 4:02:32.9
Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3
3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
@@ -3352,8 +3096,8 @@ Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
# 14-28 **** Tomponsky District
# 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District
-# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
-# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
+# From Arthur David Olson (2022-03-21):
+# Tomponsky and Ust-Maysky switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
# in 2011.
# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
@@ -3478,8 +3222,8 @@ Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
# Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
# 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District
-# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
-# Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from
+# From Arthur David Olson (2022-03-21):
+# Oymyakonsky and the Kuril Islands switched from
# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
#
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
@@ -3553,7 +3297,7 @@ Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # North Macedonia
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
# Slovakia
-Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
+# See Europe/Prague.
# Slovenia
# See Europe/Belgrade.
@@ -3642,7 +3386,7 @@ Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1900 Dec 31 23:45:16
+Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00u
0:00 Spain WE%sT 1940 Mar 16 23:00
1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
1:00 EU CE%sT
@@ -3664,61 +3408,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
# Sweden
-
-# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
-#
-# The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
-# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
-# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
-# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
-# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
-#
-# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18° 03' 30"
-# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
-# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
-#
-# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
-# författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
-# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
-# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
-# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
-# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
-# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
-# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
-#
-# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states
-# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
-# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
-# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
-#
-# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
-# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
-# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
-# in Swedish): (type
-# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
-# the Sök-button).
-#
-# (2001-05-13):
-#
-# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
-# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
-# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some
-# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
-# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
-# hour before the event took place.
-#
-# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
-
-# An extra-special abbreviation style is SET for Swedish Time (svensk
-# normaltid) 1879-1899, 3° west of the Stockholm Observatory.
-
-# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
- 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time
- 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00
- 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00
- 1:00 - CET 1980
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
+# See Europe/Berlin.
# Switzerland
# From Howse:
@@ -3812,6 +3502,19 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
+# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
+# Büsingen , surrounded by the Swiss canton
+# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
+# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
+# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
+# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
+#
+# Source for the time in Büsingen 1980:
+# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
+#
+# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
+# Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
@@ -3820,6 +3523,9 @@ Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
1:00 EU CE%sT
+Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen
+Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
+
# Turkey
@@ -4028,7 +3734,7 @@ Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
# Ukraine
#
-# From Alois Triendl (2014-03-01):
+# From Alois Treindl (2014-03-01):
# REGULATION A N O V A on March 20, 1992 N 139 ... means that from
# 1992 on, Ukraine had DST with begin time at 02:00 am, on last Sunday
# in March, and end time 03:00 am, last Sunday in September....
@@ -4088,7 +3794,7 @@ Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
# The law documents themselves are at
# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484
-# From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28):
+# From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kyiv time 1991/2 (2014-02-28):
# First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST:
# 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST
# 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
@@ -4116,23 +3822,23 @@ Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139.
# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-10-03):
+# From Paul Eggert (2022-04-12):
# As is usual in tzdb, Ukrainian zones use the most common English spellings.
-# For example, tzdb uses Europe/Kiev, as "Kiev" is the most common spelling in
-# English for Ukraine's capital, even though it is certainly wrong as a
-# transliteration of the Ukrainian "Київ". This is similar to tzdb's use of
-# Europe/Prague, which is certainly wrong as a transliteration of the Czech
-# "Praha". ("Kiev" came from old Slavic via Russian to English, and "Prague"
-# came from old Slavic via French to English, so the two cases have something
-# in common.) Admittedly English-language spelling of Ukrainian names is
-# controversial, and some day "Kyiv" may become substantially more popular in
-# English; in the meantime, stick with the traditional English "Kiev" as that
-# means less disruption for our users.
+# In particular, tzdb's name Europe/Kyiv uses the most common spelling in
+# English for Ukraine's capital. Although tzdb's former name was Europe/Kiev,
+# "Kyiv" is now more common due to widespread reporting of the current conflict.
+# Conversely, tzdb continues to use the names Europe/Uzhgorod and
+# Europe/Zaporozhye; this is similar to tzdb's use of Europe/Prague, which is
+# certainly wrong as a transliteration of the Czech "Praha".
+# English-language spelling of Ukrainian names is in flux, and
+# some day "Uzhhorod" or "Zaporizhzhia" may become substantially more
+# common in English; in the meantime, do not change these
+# English spellings as that means less disruption for our users.
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-# This represents most of Ukraine. See above for the spelling of "Kiev".
-Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
- 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time
+# This represents most of Ukraine. See above for the spelling of "Kyiv".
+Zone Europe/Kyiv 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
+ 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kyiv Mean Time
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
@@ -4155,7 +3861,7 @@ Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1996 May 13
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
-# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
+# "Zaporizhzhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English
# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
# portable Posix file names.
diff --git a/leap-seconds.list b/leap-seconds.list
index 0f43115c8e53..5b519b703e0e 100644
--- a/leap-seconds.list
+++ b/leap-seconds.list
@@ -204,10 +204,10 @@
# current -- the update time stamp, the data and the name of the file
# will not change.
#
-# Updated through IERS Bulletin C63
-# File expires on: 28 December 2022
+# Updated through IERS Bulletin C64
+# File expires on: 28 June 2023
#
-#@ 3881174400
+#@ 3896899200
#
2272060800 10 # 1 Jan 1972
2287785600 11 # 1 Jul 1972
@@ -252,4 +252,4 @@
# the hash line is also ignored in the
# computation.
#
-#h 732b2044 5863a938 b7e43179 1339c710 ded63837
+#h 2c413af9 124e1031 f165174 ff527c6b 756ae00b
diff --git a/leapseconds b/leapseconds
index ffa5eb806bf8..6826ac4a32f5 100644
--- a/leapseconds
+++ b/leapseconds
@@ -72,11 +72,11 @@ Leap 2016 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S
# Any additional leap seconds will come after this.
# This Expires line is commented out for now,
# so that pre-2020a zic implementations do not reject this file.
-#Expires 2022 Dec 28 00:00:00
+#Expires 2023 Jun 28 00:00:00
# POSIX timestamps for the data in this file:
#updated 1467936000 (2016-07-08 00:00:00 UTC)
-#expires 1672185600 (2022-12-28 00:00:00 UTC)
+#expires 1687910400 (2023-06-28 00:00:00 UTC)
-# Updated through IERS Bulletin C63
-# File expires on: 28 December 2022
+# Updated through IERS Bulletin C64
+# File expires on: 28 June 2023
diff --git a/leapseconds.awk b/leapseconds.awk
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/northamerica b/northamerica
index fb5c94bb7fb6..13fb064a9499 100644
--- a/northamerica
+++ b/northamerica
@@ -344,8 +344,7 @@ Zone PST8PDT -8:00 US P%sT
# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
# Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 44, 4 (1884-02-08), 208
# says that New York City Hall time was 3 minutes 58.4 seconds fast of
-# Eastern time (i.e., -4:56:01.6) just before the 1883 switch. Round to the
-# nearest second.
+# Eastern time (i.e., -4:56:01.6) just before the 1883 switch.
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
Rule NYC 1920 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
@@ -354,7 +353,8 @@ Rule NYC 1921 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule NYC 1921 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule NYC 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/New_York -4:56:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
+ #STDOFF -4:56:01.6
+Zone America/New_York -4:56:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 17:00u
-5:00 US E%sT 1920
-5:00 NYC E%sT 1942
-5:00 US E%sT 1946
@@ -2818,7 +2818,7 @@ Zone America/Tijuana -7:48:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:11:56
# Barbados
-# For 1899 Milne gives -3:58:29.2; round that.
+# For 1899 Milne gives -3:58:29.2.
# From P Chan (2020-12-09 and 2020-12-11):
# Standard time of GMT-4 was adopted in 1911.
@@ -2862,6 +2862,7 @@ Rule Barb 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Barb 1979 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
Rule Barb 1980 only - Sep 25 2:00 0 S
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ #STDOFF -3:58:29.2
Zone America/Barbados -3:58:29 - LMT 1911 Aug 28 # Bridgetown
-4:00 Barb A%sT 1944
-4:00 Barb AST/-0330 1945
@@ -2922,10 +2923,10 @@ Zone America/Belize -5:52:48 - LMT 1912 Apr 1
# Bermuda
-# From Paul Eggert (2020-11-24):
+# From Paul Eggert (2022-07-27):
# For 1899 Milne gives -4:19:18.3 as the meridian of the clock tower,
# Bermuda dockyard, Ireland I. This agrees with standard offset given in the
-# Daylight Saving Act, 1917 cited below. Round that to the nearest second.
+# Daylight Saving Act, 1917 cited below.
# It is not known when this time became standard for Bermuda; guess 1890.
# The transition to -04 was specified by:
# 1930: The Time Zone Act, 1929 (1929: No. 39) [1929-11-08]
@@ -3020,6 +3021,7 @@ Rule Bermuda 1956 only - May Sun>=22 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Bermuda 1956 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ #STDOFF -4:19:18.3
Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:18 - LMT 1890 # Hamilton
-4:19:18 Bermuda BMT/BST 1930 Jan 1 2:00
-4:00 Bermuda A%sT 1974 Apr 28 2:00
@@ -3034,7 +3036,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:18 - LMT 1890 # Hamilton
# Costa Rica
-# Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San José mean time; round to nearest.
+# Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San José mean time.
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule CR 1979 1980 - Feb lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
@@ -3046,6 +3048,7 @@ Rule CR 1991 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
# There are too many San Josés elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ #STDOFF -5:36:13.3
Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:13 - LMT 1890 # San José
-5:36:13 - SJMT 1921 Jan 15 # San José Mean Time
-6:00 CR C%sT
@@ -3468,7 +3471,7 @@ Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 - LMT 1921 Apr
# Jamaica
# Shanks & Pottenger give -5:07:12, but Milne records -5:07:10.41 from an
# unspecified official document, and says "This time is used throughout the
-# island". Go with Milne. Round to the nearest second as required by zic.
+# island". Go with Milne.
#
# Shanks & Pottenger give April 28 for the 1974 spring-forward transition, but
# Lance Neita writes that Prime Minister Michael Manley decreed it January 5.
@@ -3481,6 +3484,7 @@ Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 - LMT 1921 Apr
# http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/The-politician-in-all-of-us_17573647
#
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ #STDOFF -5:07:10.41
Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:10 - LMT 1890 # Kingston
-5:07:10 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
-5:00 - EST 1974
@@ -3678,6 +3682,7 @@ Zone America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 1911 May 15 # St Pierre
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890
+ #STDOFF -5:07:10.41
-5:07:10 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
-5:00 - EST 1979
-5:00 US E%sT 2015 Mar 8 2:00
diff --git a/southamerica b/southamerica
index c6249cd71710..2f2c87331c51 100644
--- a/southamerica
+++ b/southamerica
@@ -400,6 +400,7 @@ Rule Arg 2008 only - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 -
#
# Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF),
Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ #STDOFF -4:16:48.25
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Córdoba Mean Time
-4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
@@ -417,6 +418,7 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
# - Santiago del Estero switched to -4:00 on 1991-04-01,
# then to -3:00 on 1991-04-26.
#
+ #STDOFF -4:16:48.25
Zone America/Argentina/Cordoba -4:16:48 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
@@ -429,6 +431,7 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Cordoba -4:16:48 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
#
# Salta (SA), La Pampa (LP), Neuquén (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
Zone America/Argentina/Salta -4:21:40 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ #STDOFF -4:16:48.25
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
@@ -441,6 +444,7 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Salta -4:21:40 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
#
# Tucumán (TM)
Zone America/Argentina/Tucuman -4:20:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ #STDOFF -4:16:48.25
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
@@ -454,6 +458,7 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Tucuman -4:20:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
#
# La Rioja (LR)
Zone America/Argentina/La_Rioja -4:27:24 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ #STDOFF -4:16:48.25
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
@@ -468,6 +473,7 @@ Zone America/Argentina/La_Rioja -4:27:24 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
#
# San Juan (SJ)
Zone America/Argentina/San_Juan -4:34:04 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ #STDOFF -4:16:48.25
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
@@ -482,6 +488,7 @@ Zone America/Argentina/San_Juan -4:34:04 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
#
# Jujuy (JY)
Zone America/Argentina/Jujuy -4:21:12 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ #STDOFF -4:16:48.25
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
@@ -497,6 +504,7 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Jujuy -4:21:12 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
#
# Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH)
Zone America/Argentina/Catamarca -4:23:08 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ #STDOFF -4:16:48.25
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
@@ -511,6 +519,7 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Catamarca -4:23:08 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
#
# Mendoza (MZ)
Zone America/Argentina/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ #STDOFF -4:16:48.25
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
@@ -533,6 +542,7 @@ Rule SanLuis 2008 2009 - Mar Sun>=8 0:00 0 -
Rule SanLuis 2007 2008 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 -
Zone America/Argentina/San_Luis -4:25:24 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ #STDOFF -4:16:48.25
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
@@ -551,6 +561,7 @@ Zone America/Argentina/San_Luis -4:25:24 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
#
# Santa Cruz (SC)
Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ #STDOFF -4:16:48.25
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
@@ -563,6 +574,7 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
#
# Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur (TF)
Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ #STDOFF -4:16:48.25
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
@@ -645,7 +657,7 @@ Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
# From Rodrigo Severo (2004-10-04):
# It's just the biannual change made necessary by the much hyped, supposedly
-# modern Brazilian eletronic voting machines which, apparently, can't deal
+# modern Brazilian ... voting machines which, apparently, can't deal
# with a time change between the first and the second rounds of the elections.
# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-20):
@@ -1141,7 +1153,7 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco -4:31:12 - LMT 1914
# this is known to work for DST transitions starting in 2008 and
# may well be true for earlier transitions.
-# From Tim Parenti (2022-03-15):
+# From Tim Parenti (2022-07-06):
# For a brief period of roughly six weeks in 1946, DST was only observed on an
# emergency basis in specific regions of central Chile; namely, "the national
# territory between the provinces of Coquimbo and Concepción, inclusive".
@@ -1159,7 +1171,14 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco -4:31:12 - LMT 1914
# Law Number 8,522, promulgated 1946-08-27, reunified Chilean clocks at their
# new "Summer Time" of -04, reckoned as that of "the meridian of the
# Astronomical Observatory of Lo Espejo, advanced by 42 minutes and 45
-# seconds".
+# seconds". Although this law specified the new Summer Time to start on 1
+# September each year, a special "transitional article" started it a few days
+# early, as soon as the law took effect. As the law was to take force "from
+# the date of its publication in the 'Diario Oficial', which happened the
+# following day, presume the change took place in Santiago and its environs
+# from 24:00 -03 to 23:00 -04 on Wednesday 1946-08-28. Although this was a
+# no-op for wall clocks in the north and south of the country, put their formal
+# start to DST an hour later when they reached 24:00 -04.
# https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/versiones-anteriores/do-h/19460828/#page/1
# After a brief "Winter Time" stint at -05 beginning 1947-04-01, Law Number
# 8,777, promulgated 1947-05-17, established year-round -04 "from 23:00 on the
@@ -1279,11 +1298,19 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco -4:31:12 - LMT 1914
# So we extend the new rules on Saturdays at 24:00 mainland time indefinitely.
# From Juan Correa (2019-02-04):
# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2018/11/23/42212/01/1498738.pdf
-# From Paul Eggert (2019-09-01):
-# The above says the Magallanes exception expires 2022-04-02 at 24:00,
-# so in theory, they will revert to -04/-03 after that.
-# For now, assume that they will not revert,
-# since they have extended the expiration date once already.
+
+# From Juan Correa (2022-04-02):
+# I found there was a decree published last Thursday that will keep
+# Magallanes region to UTC -3 "indefinitely". The decree is available at
+# https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2022/03/31/43217-B/01/2108910.pdf
+
+# From Juan Correa (2022-08-09):
+# the Internal Affairs Ministry (Ministerio del Interior) informed DST
+# for America/Santiago will start on midnight of September 11th;
+# and will end on April 1st, 2023. Magallanes region (America/Punta_Arenas)
+# will keep UTC -3 "indefinitely"... This is because on September 4th
+# we will have a voting whether to approve a new Constitution....
+# https://www.interior.gob.cl/noticias/2022/08/09/comunicado-el-proximo-sabado-10-de-septiembre-los-relojes-se-deben-adelantar-una-hora/
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Chile 1927 1931 - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 -
@@ -1321,7 +1348,9 @@ Rule Chile 2012 2014 - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 -
Rule Chile 2016 2018 - May Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
Rule Chile 2016 2018 - Aug Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 -
Rule Chile 2019 max - Apr Sun>=2 3:00u 0 -
-Rule Chile 2019 max - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 -
+Rule Chile 2019 2021 - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 -
+Rule Chile 2022 only - Sep Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 -
+Rule Chile 2023 max - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 -
# IATA SSIM anomalies: (1992-02) says 1992-03-14;
# (1996-09) says 1998-03-08. Ignore these.
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
@@ -1334,9 +1363,9 @@ Zone America/Santiago -4:42:45 - LMT 1890
-5:00 Chile -05/-04 1932 Sep 1
-4:00 - -04 1942 Jun 1
-5:00 - -05 1942 Aug 1
- -4:00 - -04 1946 Jul 15
- -4:00 1:00 -03 1946 Sep 1 # central Chile
- -4:00 - -04 1947 Apr 1
+ -4:00 - -04 1946 Jul 14 24:00
+ -4:00 1:00 -03 1946 Aug 28 24:00 # central CL
+ -5:00 1:00 -04 1947 Mar 31 24:00
-5:00 - -05 1947 May 21 23:00
-4:00 Chile -04/-03
Zone America/Punta_Arenas -4:43:40 - LMT 1890
@@ -1348,7 +1377,8 @@ Zone America/Punta_Arenas -4:43:40 - LMT 1890
-5:00 Chile -05/-04 1932 Sep 1
-4:00 - -04 1942 Jun 1
-5:00 - -05 1942 Aug 1
- -4:00 - -04 1947 Apr 1
+ -4:00 - -04 1946 Aug 28 24:00
+ -5:00 1:00 -04 1947 Mar 31 24:00
-5:00 - -05 1947 May 21 23:00
-4:00 Chile -04/-03 2016 Dec 4
-3:00 - -03
@@ -1382,13 +1412,14 @@ Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - -00 1965
# Colombia
-# Milne gives 4:56:16.4 for Bogotá time in 1899; round to nearest. He writes,
+# Milne gives 4:56:16.4 for Bogotá time in 1899. He writes,
# "A variation of fifteen minutes in the public clocks of Bogota is not rare."
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule CO 1992 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 -
Rule CO 1993 only - Apr 4 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ #STDOFF -4:56:16.4
Zone America/Bogota -4:56:16 - LMT 1884 Mar 13
-4:56:16 - BMT 1914 Nov 23 # Bogotá Mean Time
-5:00 CO -05/-04
diff --git a/theory.html b/theory.html
index 28cc88eafdef..2b14c5114686 100644
--- a/theory.html
+++ b/theory.html
@@ -376,9 +376,11 @@ The source file etcetera
defines names that may be useful
on platforms that do not support POSIX-style TZ
strings;
no other source file other than backward
contains links to its zones.
-One of etcetera
's names is GMT
,
+One of etcetera
's names is Etc/UTC
,
used by functions like gmtime
to obtain leap
second information on platforms that support leap seconds.
+Another etcetera
name, GMT
,
+is used by older code releases.
@@ -468,6 +470,7 @@ in decreasing order of importance:
PST/PDT Philippine,
SAST South Africa,
SST Samoa,
+ UTC Universal,
WAT/WAST West Africa,
WET/WEST/WEMT Western European,
WIB Waktu Indonesia Barat,
@@ -502,7 +505,7 @@ in decreasing order of importance:
HMT Havana, Helsinki, Horta, Howrah;
IMT Irkutsk, Istanbul;
JMT Jerusalem;
- KMT Kaunas, Kiev, Kingston;
+ KMT Kaunas, Kyiv, Kingston;
LMT Lima, Lisbon, local, Luanda;
MMT Macassar, Madras, Malé, Managua, Minsk, Monrovia, Montevideo,
Moratuwa, Moscow;
@@ -720,8 +723,8 @@ href="https://www.dissentmagazine.org/blog/booked-a-global-history-of-time-vanes
than what the tz
code can handle.
For example, from 1880 to 1916 clocks in Ireland observed Dublin Mean
Time (estimated to be UT
- −00:25:21.1), but the tz
- code cannot represent the fractional second.
+ −00:25:21.1); although the tz
+ source data can represent the .1 second, TZif files and the code cannot.
In practice these old specifications were rarely if ever
implemented to subsecond precision.
@@ -1295,7 +1298,8 @@ Because a leap second adjustment may be needed even
if no time zone correction is desired,
calls to gmtime
-like functions
also need to consult a TZif file,
-conventionally named GMT,
+conventionally named Etc/UTC
+(GMT in previous versions),
to see whether leap second corrections are needed.
To convert an application's time_t
timestamps to or from
POSIX time_t
timestamps (for use when, say,
diff --git a/version b/version
index ca002de23bcd..7c9f279dc3c4 100644
--- a/version
+++ b/version
@@ -1 +1 @@
-2022a
+2022b
diff --git a/ziguard.awk b/ziguard.awk
index 2be6d52b0143..0728baa51343 100644
--- a/ziguard.awk
+++ b/ziguard.awk
@@ -9,7 +9,11 @@
# it does not do these nonessential tasks now.
#
# Although main and vanguard forms are currently equivalent,
-# this need not always be the case.
+# this need not always be the case. When the two forms differ,
+# this script can convert either from main to vanguard form (needed then),
+# or from vanguard to main form (this conversion would be needed later,
+# after main became rearguard and vanguard became main).
+# There is no need to convert rearguard to other forms.
#
# When converting to vanguard form, the output can use negative SAVE
# values.
@@ -19,14 +23,69 @@
# of the input data as best it can within the constraints of the
# rearguard format.
+# Given a FIELD like "-0:30", return a minute count like -30.
+function get_minutes(field, \
+ sign, hours, minutes)
+{
+ sign = field ~ /^-/ ? -1 : 1
+ hours = +field
+ if (field ~ /:/) {
+ minutes = field
+ sub(/[^:]*:/, "", minutes)
+ }
+ return 60 * hours + sign * minutes
+}
+
+# Given an OFFSET, which is a minute count like 300 or 330,
+# return a %z-style abbreviation like "+05" or "+0530".
+function offset_abbr(offset, \
+ hours, minutes, sign)
+{
+ hours = int(offset / 60)
+ minutes = offset % 60
+ if (minutes) {
+ return sprintf("%+.4d", hours * 100 + minutes);
+ } else {
+ return sprintf("%+.2d", hours)
+ }
+}
+
+# Round TIMESTAMP (a +-hh:mm:ss.dddd string) to the nearest second.
+function round_to_second(timestamp, \
+ hh, mm, ss, seconds, dot_dddd, subseconds)
+{
+ dot_dddd = timestamp
+ if (!sub(/^[+-]?[0-9]+:[0-9]+:[0-9]+\./, ".", dot_dddd))
+ return timestamp
+ hh = mm = ss = timestamp
+ sub(/^[-+]?[0-9]+:[0-9]+:/, "", ss)
+ sub(/^[-+]?[0-9]+:/, "", mm)
+ sub(/^[-+]?/, "", hh)
+ seconds = 3600 * hh + 60 * mm + ss
+ subseconds = +dot_dddd
+ seconds += 0.5 < subseconds || ((subseconds == 0.5) && (seconds % 2));
+ return sprintf("%s%d:%.2d:%.2d", timestamp ~ /^-/ ? "-" : "", \
+ seconds / 3600, seconds / 60 % 60, seconds % 60)
+}
+
BEGIN {
dataform_type["vanguard"] = 1
dataform_type["main"] = 1
dataform_type["rearguard"] = 1
+ if (PACKRATLIST) {
+ while (getline =8 25:00"
- # to "Sun>=9 1:00", to cater to zic before 2007 and to older Java.
- if (!vanguard && $1 == "Rule" && $7 == "Sat>=8" && $8 == "25:00") {
- sub(/Sat>=8/, "Sun>=9")
- sub(/25:00/, " 1:00")
- }
-
- # In rearguard format, change the Morocco lines with negative SAVE values
- # to use positive SAVE values.
- if (!vanguard && $1 == "Rule" && $2 == "Morocco" && $4 == 2018 \
- && $6 == "Oct") {
- sub(/\t2018\t/, "\t2017\t")
- }
- if (!vanguard && $1 == "Rule" && $2 == "Morocco" && 2019 <= $3) {
- if ($9 == "0") {
- last_std_date = $3 " " $6 " " $7 " " $8
- sub(/\t0\t/, "\t1:00\t")
- } else {
- sub(/\t-1:00\t/, "\t0\t")
+ # Prefer %z in vanguard form, explicit abbreviations otherwise.
+ if (DATAFORM == "vanguard") {
+ sub(/^(Zone[\t ]+[^\t ]+)?[\t ]+[^\t ]+[\t ]+[^\t ]+[\t ]+[-+][^\t ]+/, \
+ "&CHANGE-TO-%z")
+ sub(/-00CHANGE-TO-%z/, "-00")
+ sub(/[-+][^\t ]+CHANGE-TO-/, "")
+ } else {
+ if (/^[^#]*%z/) {
+ stdoff_column = 2 * /^Zone/ + 1
+ rules_column = stdoff_column + 1
+ stdoff = get_minutes($stdoff_column)
+ rules = $rules_column
+ stdabbr = offset_abbr(stdoff)
+ if (rules == "-") {
+ abbr = stdabbr
+ } else {
+ dstabbr_only = rules ~ /^[+0-9-]/
+ if (dstabbr_only) {
+ dstoff = get_minutes(rules)
+ } else {
+ # The DST offset is normally an hour, but there are special cases.
+ if (rules == "Morocco" && NF == 3) {
+ dstoff = -60
+ } else if (rules == "NBorneo") {
+ dstoff = 20
+ } else if (((rules == "Cook" || rules == "LH") && NF == 3) \
+ || (rules == "Uruguay" \
+ && /[\t ](1942 Dec 14|1960|1970|1974 Dec 22)$/)) {
+ dstoff = 30
+ } else if (rules == "Uruguay" && /[\t ]1974 Mar 10$/) {
+ dstoff = 90
+ } else {
+ dstoff = 60
+ }
+ }
+ dstabbr = offset_abbr(stdoff + dstoff)
+ if (dstabbr_only) {
+ abbr = dstabbr
+ } else {
+ abbr = stdabbr "/" dstabbr
+ }
+ }
+ sub(/%z/, abbr)
}
}
- if (!vanguard && $1 == "1:00" && $2 == "Morocco" && $3 == "+01/+00") {
- # This introduces a transition from 01:59:59 +00 to 03:00:00 +01
- # with both times being standard (i.e., a change to standard UT offset).
- # This is rearguard's way to approximate the actual prediction,
- # which is that of an ordinary transition from DST to standard time.
- sub(/1:00\tMorocco\t\+01\/\+00$/,
- "0:00\tMorocco\t+00/+01\t" last_std_date "\n\t\t\t 1:00\t-\t+01")
+
+ # Normally, prefer whole seconds. However, prefer subseconds
+ # if generating vanguard form and the otherwise-undocumented
+ # VANGUARD_SUBSECONDS environment variable is set.
+ # This relies on #STDOFF comment lines in the data.
+ # It is for hypothetical clients that support UT offsets that are
+ # not integer multiples of one second (e.g., Europe/Lisbon, 1884 to 1912).
+ # No known clients need this currently, and this experimental
+ # feature may be changed or withdrawn in future releases.
+ if ($1 == "#STDOFF") {
+ stdoff = $2
+ rounded_stdoff = round_to_second(stdoff)
+ if (DATAFORM == "vanguard" && ENVIRON["VANGUARD_SUBSECONDS"]) {
+ stdoff_subst[0] = rounded_stdoff
+ stdoff_subst[1] = stdoff
+ } else {
+ stdoff_subst[0] = stdoff
+ stdoff_subst[1] = rounded_stdoff
+ }
+ } else if (stdoff_subst[0]) {
+ stdoff_column = 2 * /^Zone/ + 1
+ stdoff_column_val = $stdoff_column
+ if (stdoff_column_val == stdoff_subst[0]) {
+ sub(stdoff_subst[0], stdoff_subst[1])
+ } else if (stdoff_column_val != stdoff_subst[1]) {
+ stdoff_subst[0] = 0
+ }
}
+
+ # In rearguard form, change the Japan rule line with "Sat>=8 25:00"
+ # to "Sun>=9 1:00", to cater to zic before 2007 and to older Java.
+ if (/^Rule/ && $2 == "Japan") {
+ if (DATAFORM == "rearguard") {
+ if ($7 == "Sat>=8" && $8 == "25:00") {
+ sub(/Sat>=8/, "Sun>=9")
+ sub(/25:00/, " 1:00")
+ }
+ } else {
+ if ($7 == "Sun>=9" && $8 == "1:00") {
+ sub(/Sun>=9/, "Sat>=8")
+ sub(/ 1:00/, "25:00")
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ # In rearguard form, change the Morocco lines with negative SAVE values
+ # to use positive SAVE values.
+ if ($2 == "Morocco") {
+ if (/^Rule/) {
+ if ($4 ~ /^201[78]$/ && $6 == "Oct") {
+ if (DATAFORM == "rearguard") {
+ sub(/\t2018\t/, "\t2017\t")
+ } else {
+ sub(/\t2017\t/, "\t2018\t")
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (2019 <= $3) {
+ if ($8 == "2:00") {
+ if (DATAFORM == "rearguard") {
+ sub(/\t0\t/, "\t1:00\t")
+ } else {
+ sub(/\t1:00\t/, "\t0\t")
+ }
+ } else {
+ if (DATAFORM == "rearguard") {
+ sub(/\t-1:00\t/, "\t0\t")
+ } else {
+ sub(/\t0\t/, "\t-1:00\t")
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ if ($1 ~ /^[+0-9-]/ && NF == 3) {
+ if (DATAFORM == "rearguard") {
+ sub(/1:00\tMorocco/, "0:00\tMorocco")
+ sub(/\t\+01\/\+00$/, "\t+00/+01")
+ } else {
+ sub(/0:00\tMorocco/, "1:00\tMorocco")
+ sub(/\t\+00\/+01$/, "\t+01/+00")
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/^Zone/ {
+ packrat_ignored = FILENAME == PACKRATDATA && PACKRATLIST && !packratlist[$2];
+}
+packrat_ignored && !/^Rule/ {
+ sub(/^/, "#")
}
# If a Link line is followed by a Link or Zone line for the same data, comment
diff --git a/zishrink.awk b/zishrink.awk
index 1947c7c519b9..66968e8648e0 100644
--- a/zishrink.awk
+++ b/zishrink.awk
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ function record_hash(n, name)
function gen_rule_name(name, \
n)
{
- # Use a simple memonic: the first two letters.
+ # Use a simple mnemonic: the first two letters.
n = substr(name, 1, 2)
record_hash(n, name)
# printf "# %s = %s\n", n, name
@@ -150,10 +150,19 @@ function prehash_rule_names( \
}
}
+function make_line(n, field, \
+ f, r)
+{
+ r = field[1]
+ for (f = 2; f <= n; f++)
+ r = r " " field[f]
+ return r
+}
+
# Process the input line LINE and save it for later output.
function process_input_line(line, \
- field, end, i, n, startdef, \
+ f, field, end, i, n, r, startdef, \
linkline, ruleline, zoneline)
{
# Remove comments, normalize spaces, and append a space to each line.
@@ -218,12 +227,11 @@ function process_input_line(line, \
n = split(line, field)
- # Abbreviate rule names.
- i = zoneline ? 4 : linkline ? 0 : 2
- if (i && field[i] ~ /^[^-+0-9]/) {
- if (!rule[field[i]])
- rule[field[i]] = gen_rule_name(field[i])
- field[i] = rule[field[i]]
+ # Record which rule names are used, and generate their abbreviations.
+ f = zoneline ? 4 : linkline || ruleline ? 0 : 2
+ r = field[f]
+ if (r ~ /^[^-+0-9]/) {
+ rule_used[r] = 1
}
# If this zone supersedes an earlier one, delete the earlier one
@@ -246,10 +254,38 @@ function process_input_line(line, \
zonedef[zonename] = nout + 1
# Save the line for later output.
- line = field[1]
- for (i = 2; i <= n; i++)
- line = line " " field[i]
- output_line[nout++] = line
+ output_line[nout++] = make_line(n, field)
+}
+
+function omit_unused_rules( \
+ i, field)
+{
+ for (i = 0; i < nout; i++) {
+ split(output_line[i], field)
+ if (field[1] == "R" && !rule_used[field[2]]) {
+ output_line[i] = ""
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+function abbreviate_rule_names( \
+ abbr, f, field, i, n, r)
+{
+ for (i = 0; i < nout; i++) {
+ n = split(output_line[i], field)
+ if (n) {
+ f = field[1] == "Z" ? 4 : field[1] == "L" ? 0 : 2
+ r = field[f]
+ if (r ~ /^[^-+0-9]/) {
+ abbr = rule[r]
+ if (!abbr) {
+ rule[r] = abbr = gen_rule_name(r)
+ }
+ field[f] = abbr
+ output_line[i] = make_line(n, field)
+ }
+ }
+ }
}
function output_saved_lines( \
@@ -314,5 +350,7 @@ BEGIN {
}
END {
+ omit_unused_rules()
+ abbreviate_rule_names()
output_saved_lines()
}
diff --git a/zone.tab b/zone.tab
index 086458fb2073..1f73ddaf8ee9 100644
--- a/zone.tab
+++ b/zone.tab
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ CA +690650-1050310 America/Cambridge_Bay Mountain - NU (west)
CA +6227-11421 America/Yellowknife Mountain - NT (central)
CA +682059-1334300 America/Inuvik Mountain - NT (west)
CA +4906-11631 America/Creston MST - BC (Creston)
-CA +5946-12014 America/Dawson_Creek MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John)
+CA +5546-12014 America/Dawson_Creek MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John)
CA +5848-12242 America/Fort_Nelson MST - BC (Ft Nelson)
CA +6043-13503 America/Whitehorse MST - Yukon (east)
CA +6404-13925 America/Dawson MST - Yukon (west)
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ TT +1039-06131 America/Port_of_Spain
TV -0831+17913 Pacific/Funafuti
TW +2503+12130 Asia/Taipei
TZ -0648+03917 Africa/Dar_es_Salaam
-UA +5026+03031 Europe/Kiev Ukraine (most areas)
+UA +5026+03031 Europe/Kyiv Ukraine (most areas)
UA +4837+02218 Europe/Uzhgorod Transcarpathia
UA +4750+03510 Europe/Zaporozhye Zaporozhye and east Lugansk
UG +0019+03225 Africa/Kampala
diff --git a/zone1970.tab b/zone1970.tab
index c614be81f401..3e1948cbb741 100644
--- a/zone1970.tab
+++ b/zone1970.tab
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
#country-
#codes coordinates TZ comments
AD +4230+00131 Europe/Andorra
-AE,OM +2518+05518 Asia/Dubai
+AE,OM,RE,SC,TF +2518+05518 Asia/Dubai UAE, Oman, Réunion, Seychelles, Crozet, Scattered Is
AF +3431+06912 Asia/Kabul
AL +4120+01950 Europe/Tirane
AM +4011+04430 Asia/Yerevan
@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ AQ -6736+06253 Antarctica/Mawson Mawson
AQ -6448-06406 Antarctica/Palmer Palmer
AQ -6734-06808 Antarctica/Rothera Rothera
AQ -720041+0023206 Antarctica/Troll Troll
-AQ -7824+10654 Antarctica/Vostok Vostok
AR -3436-05827 America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires Buenos Aires (BA, CF)
AR -3124-06411 America/Argentina/Cordoba Argentina (most areas: CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
AR -2447-06525 America/Argentina/Salta Salta (SA, LP, NQ, RN)
@@ -74,10 +73,9 @@ AU -3143+12852 Australia/Eucla Western Australia (Eucla)
AZ +4023+04951 Asia/Baku
BB +1306-05937 America/Barbados
BD +2343+09025 Asia/Dhaka
-BE +5050+00420 Europe/Brussels
+BE,LU,NL +5050+00420 Europe/Brussels
BG +4241+02319 Europe/Sofia
BM +3217-06446 Atlantic/Bermuda
-BN +0456+11455 Asia/Brunei
BO -1630-06809 America/La_Paz
BR -0351-03225 America/Noronha Atlantic islands
BR -0127-04829 America/Belem Pará (east); Amapá
@@ -118,30 +116,27 @@ CA +5333-11328 America/Edmonton Mountain - AB; BC (E); SK (W)
CA +690650-1050310 America/Cambridge_Bay Mountain - NU (west)
CA +6227-11421 America/Yellowknife Mountain - NT (central)
CA +682059-1334300 America/Inuvik Mountain - NT (west)
-CA +5946-12014 America/Dawson_Creek MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John)
+CA +5546-12014 America/Dawson_Creek MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John)
CA +5848-12242 America/Fort_Nelson MST - BC (Ft Nelson)
CA +6043-13503 America/Whitehorse MST - Yukon (east)
CA +6404-13925 America/Dawson MST - Yukon (west)
CA +4916-12307 America/Vancouver Pacific - BC (most areas)
-CC -1210+09655 Indian/Cocos
CH,DE,LI +4723+00832 Europe/Zurich Swiss time
-CI,BF,GH,GM,GN,ML,MR,SH,SL,SN,TG +0519-00402 Africa/Abidjan
+CI,BF,GH,GM,GN,IS,ML,MR,SH,SL,SN,TG +0519-00402 Africa/Abidjan
CK -2114-15946 Pacific/Rarotonga
CL -3327-07040 America/Santiago Chile (most areas)
CL -5309-07055 America/Punta_Arenas Region of Magallanes
CL -2709-10926 Pacific/Easter Easter Island
CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai Beijing Time
-CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Xinjiang Time
+CN,AQ +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Xinjiang Time, Vostok
CO +0436-07405 America/Bogota
CR +0956-08405 America/Costa_Rica
CU +2308-08222 America/Havana
CV +1455-02331 Atlantic/Cape_Verde
-CX -1025+10543 Indian/Christmas
CY +3510+03322 Asia/Nicosia Cyprus (most areas)
CY +3507+03357 Asia/Famagusta Northern Cyprus
CZ,SK +5005+01426 Europe/Prague
-DE +5230+01322 Europe/Berlin Germany (most areas)
-DK +5540+01235 Europe/Copenhagen
+DE,DK,NO,SE,SJ +5230+01322 Europe/Berlin Germany (most areas), Scandinavia
DO +1828-06954 America/Santo_Domingo
DZ +3647+00303 Africa/Algiers
EC -0210-07950 America/Guayaquil Ecuador (mainland)
@@ -155,11 +150,9 @@ ES +2806-01524 Atlantic/Canary Canary Islands
FI,AX +6010+02458 Europe/Helsinki
FJ -1808+17825 Pacific/Fiji
FK -5142-05751 Atlantic/Stanley
-FM +0725+15147 Pacific/Chuuk Chuuk/Truk, Yap
-FM +0658+15813 Pacific/Pohnpei Pohnpei/Ponape
FM +0519+16259 Pacific/Kosrae Kosrae
FO +6201-00646 Atlantic/Faroe
-FR +4852+00220 Europe/Paris
+FR,MC +4852+00220 Europe/Paris
GB,GG,IM,JE +513030-0000731 Europe/London
GE +4143+04449 Asia/Tbilisi
GF +0456-05220 America/Cayenne
@@ -188,14 +181,13 @@ IN +2232+08822 Asia/Kolkata
IO -0720+07225 Indian/Chagos
IQ +3321+04425 Asia/Baghdad
IR +3540+05126 Asia/Tehran
-IS +6409-02151 Atlantic/Reykjavik
IT,SM,VA +4154+01229 Europe/Rome
JM +175805-0764736 America/Jamaica
JO +3157+03556 Asia/Amman
JP +353916+1394441 Asia/Tokyo
KE,DJ,ER,ET,KM,MG,SO,TZ,UG,YT -0117+03649 Africa/Nairobi
KG +4254+07436 Asia/Bishkek
-KI +0125+17300 Pacific/Tarawa Gilbert Islands
+KI,MH,TV,UM,WF +0125+17300 Pacific/Tarawa Gilberts, Marshalls, Tuvalu, Wallis & Futuna, Wake
KI -0247-17143 Pacific/Kanton Phoenix Islands
KI +0152-15720 Pacific/Kiritimati Line Islands
KP +3901+12545 Asia/Pyongyang
@@ -211,15 +203,12 @@ LB +3353+03530 Asia/Beirut
LK +0656+07951 Asia/Colombo
LR +0618-01047 Africa/Monrovia
LT +5441+02519 Europe/Vilnius
-LU +4936+00609 Europe/Luxembourg
LV +5657+02406 Europe/Riga
LY +3254+01311 Africa/Tripoli
MA +3339-00735 Africa/Casablanca
-MC +4342+00723 Europe/Monaco
MD +4700+02850 Europe/Chisinau
-MH +0709+17112 Pacific/Majuro Marshall Islands (most areas)
MH +0905+16720 Pacific/Kwajalein Kwajalein
-MM +1647+09610 Asia/Yangon
+MM,CC +1647+09610 Asia/Yangon
MN +4755+10653 Asia/Ulaanbaatar Mongolia (most areas)
MN +4801+09139 Asia/Hovd Bayan-Ölgii, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan
MN +4804+11430 Asia/Choibalsan Dornod, Sükhbaatar
@@ -227,7 +216,7 @@ MO +221150+1133230 Asia/Macau
MQ +1436-06105 America/Martinique
MT +3554+01431 Europe/Malta
MU -2010+05730 Indian/Mauritius
-MV +0410+07330 Indian/Maldives
+MV,TF +0410+07330 Indian/Maldives Maldives, Kerguelen, St Paul I, Amsterdam I
MX +1924-09909 America/Mexico_City Central Time
MX +2105-08646 America/Cancun Eastern Standard Time - Quintana Roo
MX +2058-08937 America/Merida Central Time - Campeche, Yucatán
@@ -239,16 +228,13 @@ MX +2934-10425 America/Ojinaga Mountain Time US - Chihuahua (US border)
MX +2904-11058 America/Hermosillo Mountain Standard Time - Sonora
MX +3232-11701 America/Tijuana Pacific Time US - Baja California
MX +2048-10515 America/Bahia_Banderas Central Time - Bahía de Banderas
-MY +0310+10142 Asia/Kuala_Lumpur Malaysia (peninsula)
-MY +0133+11020 Asia/Kuching Sabah, Sarawak
+MY,BN +0133+11020 Asia/Kuching Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei
MZ,BI,BW,CD,MW,RW,ZM,ZW -2558+03235 Africa/Maputo Central Africa Time
NA -2234+01706 Africa/Windhoek
NC -2216+16627 Pacific/Noumea
NF -2903+16758 Pacific/Norfolk
NG,AO,BJ,CD,CF,CG,CM,GA,GQ,NE +0627+00324 Africa/Lagos West Africa Time
NI +1209-08617 America/Managua
-NL +5222+00454 Europe/Amsterdam
-NO,SJ +5955+01045 Europe/Oslo
NP +2743+08519 Asia/Kathmandu
NR -0031+16655 Pacific/Nauru
NU -1901-16955 Pacific/Niue
@@ -259,7 +245,7 @@ PE -1203-07703 America/Lima
PF -1732-14934 Pacific/Tahiti Society Islands
PF -0900-13930 Pacific/Marquesas Marquesas Islands
PF -2308-13457 Pacific/Gambier Gambier Islands
-PG,AQ -0930+14710 Pacific/Port_Moresby Papua New Guinea (most areas), Dumont d'Urville
+PG,AQ,FM -0930+14710 Pacific/Port_Moresby Papua New Guinea (most areas), Chuuk, Yap, Dumont d'Urville
PG -0613+15534 Pacific/Bougainville Bougainville
PH +1435+12100 Asia/Manila
PK +2452+06703 Asia/Karachi
@@ -275,7 +261,6 @@ PT +3744-02540 Atlantic/Azores Azores
PW +0720+13429 Pacific/Palau
PY -2516-05740 America/Asuncion
QA,BH +2517+05132 Asia/Qatar
-RE,TF -2052+05528 Indian/Reunion Réunion, Crozet, Scattered Islands
RO +4426+02606 Europe/Bucharest
RS,BA,HR,ME,MK,SI +4450+02030 Europe/Belgrade
RU +5443+02030 Europe/Kaliningrad MSK-01 - Kaliningrad
@@ -307,10 +292,8 @@ RU +6728+15343 Asia/Srednekolymsk MSK+08 - Sakha (E); North Kuril Is
RU +5301+15839 Asia/Kamchatka MSK+09 - Kamchatka
RU +6445+17729 Asia/Anadyr MSK+09 - Bering Sea
SA,AQ,KW,YE +2438+04643 Asia/Riyadh Arabia, Syowa
-SB -0932+16012 Pacific/Guadalcanal
-SC -0440+05528 Indian/Mahe
+SB,FM -0932+16012 Pacific/Guadalcanal Solomons, Pohnpei
SD +1536+03232 Africa/Khartoum
-SE +5920+01803 Europe/Stockholm
SG,MY +0117+10351 Asia/Singapore Singapore, peninsular Malaysia
SR +0550-05510 America/Paramaribo
SS +0451+03137 Africa/Juba
@@ -319,8 +302,7 @@ SV +1342-08912 America/El_Salvador
SY +3330+03618 Asia/Damascus
TC +2128-07108 America/Grand_Turk
TD +1207+01503 Africa/Ndjamena
-TF -492110+0701303 Indian/Kerguelen Kerguelen, St Paul Island, Amsterdam Island
-TH,KH,LA,VN +1345+10031 Asia/Bangkok Indochina (most areas)
+TH,CX,KH,LA,VN +1345+10031 Asia/Bangkok Indochina (most areas)
TJ +3835+06848 Asia/Dushanbe
TK -0922-17114 Pacific/Fakaofo
TL -0833+12535 Asia/Dili
@@ -328,12 +310,10 @@ TM +3757+05823 Asia/Ashgabat
TN +3648+01011 Africa/Tunis
TO -210800-1751200 Pacific/Tongatapu
TR +4101+02858 Europe/Istanbul
-TV -0831+17913 Pacific/Funafuti
TW +2503+12130 Asia/Taipei
-UA +5026+03031 Europe/Kiev Ukraine (most areas)
+UA +5026+03031 Europe/Kyiv Ukraine (most areas)
UA +4837+02218 Europe/Uzhgorod Transcarpathia
UA +4750+03510 Europe/Zaporozhye Zaporozhye and east Lugansk
-UM +1917+16637 Pacific/Wake Wake Island
US +404251-0740023 America/New_York Eastern (most areas)
US +421953-0830245 America/Detroit Eastern - MI (most areas)
US +381515-0854534 America/Kentucky/Louisville Eastern - KY (Louisville area)
@@ -369,6 +349,5 @@ UZ +4120+06918 Asia/Tashkent Uzbekistan (east)
VE +1030-06656 America/Caracas
VN +1045+10640 Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh Vietnam (south)
VU -1740+16825 Pacific/Efate
-WF -1318-17610 Pacific/Wallis
WS -1350-17144 Pacific/Apia
ZA,LS,SZ -2615+02800 Africa/Johannesburg