From 932b1e2fe869d3139ade8cc800912f254347187e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ruslan Ermilov Date: Thu, 21 Sep 2006 07:45:37 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Updated manpages for 3.4.6 release. OK'ed by: kan Obtained from: gcc-3.4.6.tar.bz2 --- contrib/gcc/doc/cpp.1 | 491 ++- contrib/gcc/doc/gcc.1 | 8568 +++++++++++++++++++++++----------------- contrib/gcc/doc/gcov.1 | 422 +- 3 files changed, 5499 insertions(+), 3982 deletions(-) diff --git a/contrib/gcc/doc/cpp.1 b/contrib/gcc/doc/cpp.1 index 8b7412325911..17fdd0136c21 100644 --- a/contrib/gcc/doc/cpp.1 +++ b/contrib/gcc/doc/cpp.1 @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man version 1.15 -.\" Wed Feb 5 03:13:55 2003 +.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man v1.37, Pod::Parser v1.14 .\" .\" Standard preamble: -.\" ====================================================================== +.\" ======================================================================== .de Sh \" Subsection heading .br .if t .Sp @@ -15,12 +14,6 @@ .if t .sp .5v .if n .sp .. -.de Ip \" List item -.br -.ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3 -.el .ne 3 -.IP "\\$1" \\$2 -.. .de Vb \" Begin verbatim text .ft CW .nf @@ -28,15 +21,14 @@ .. .de Ve \" End verbatim text .ft R - .fi .. .\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will .\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left .\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. | will give a -.\" real vertical bar. \*(C+ will give a nicer C++. Capital omega is used -.\" to do unbreakable dashes and therefore won't be available. \*(C` and -.\" \*(C' expand to `' in nroff, nothing in troff, for use with C<> +.\" real vertical bar. \*(C+ will give a nicer C++. Capital omega is used to +.\" do unbreakable dashes and therefore won't be available. \*(C` and \*(C' +.\" expand to `' in nroff, nothing in troff, for use with C<>. .tr \(*W-|\(bv\*(Tr .ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p' .ie n \{\ @@ -56,10 +48,10 @@ . ds R" '' 'br\} .\" -.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr -.\" for titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.Sh), items (.Ip), and -.\" index entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process -.\" the output yourself in some meaningful fashion. +.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for +.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.Sh), items (.Ip), and index +.\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the +.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion. .if \nF \{\ . de IX . tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2" @@ -68,14 +60,13 @@ . rr F .\} .\" -.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it -.\" makes way too many mistakes in technical documents. +.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes +.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. .hy 0 .if n .na .\" .\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2). .\" Fear. Run. Save yourself. No user-serviceable parts. -.bd B 3 . \" fudge factors for nroff and troff .if n \{\ . ds #H 0 @@ -135,11 +126,10 @@ . ds Ae AE .\} .rm #[ #] #H #V #F C -.\" ====================================================================== +.\" ======================================================================== .\" .IX Title "CPP 1" -.TH CPP 1 "gcc-3.2.2" "2003-02-05" "GNU" -.UC +.TH CPP 1 "2006-03-06" "gcc-3.4.6" "GNU" .SH "NAME" cpp \- The C Preprocessor .SH "SYNOPSIS" @@ -147,7 +137,9 @@ cpp \- The C Preprocessor cpp [\fB\-D\fR\fImacro\fR[=\fIdefn\fR]...] [\fB\-U\fR\fImacro\fR] [\fB\-I\fR\fIdir\fR...] [\fB\-W\fR\fIwarn\fR...] [\fB\-M\fR|\fB\-MM\fR] [\fB\-MG\fR] [\fB\-MF\fR \fIfilename\fR] - [\fB\-MP\fR] [\fB\-MQ\fR \fItarget\fR...] [\fB\-MT\fR \fItarget\fR...] + [\fB\-MP\fR] [\fB\-MQ\fR \fItarget\fR...] + [\fB\-MT\fR \fItarget\fR...] + [\fB\-P\fR] [\fB\-fno\-working\-directory\fR] [\fB\-x\fR \fIlanguage\fR] [\fB\-std=\fR\fIstandard\fR] \fIinfile\fR \fIoutfile\fR .PP @@ -166,12 +158,12 @@ text processor. It will choke on input which does not obey C's lexical rules. For example, apostrophes will be interpreted as the beginning of character constants, and cause errors. Also, you cannot rely on it preserving characteristics of the input which are not significant to -C-family languages. If a Makefile is preprocessed, all the hard tabs +C\-family languages. If a Makefile is preprocessed, all the hard tabs will be removed, and the Makefile will not work. .PP Having said that, you can often get away with using cpp on things which are not C. Other Algol-ish programming languages are often safe -(Pascal, Ada, etc.) So is assembly, with caution. \fB\-traditional\fR +(Pascal, Ada, etc.) So is assembly, with caution. \fB\-traditional\-cpp\fR mode preserves more white space, and is otherwise more permissive. Many of the problems can be avoided by writing C or \*(C+ style comments instead of native language comments, and keeping macros simple. @@ -191,6 +183,16 @@ of a program which does not expect them. To get strict \s-1ISO\s0 Standard C, you should use the \fB\-std=c89\fR or \fB\-std=c99\fR options, depending on which version of the standard you want. To get all the mandatory diagnostics, you must also use \fB\-pedantic\fR. +.PP +This manual describes the behavior of the \s-1ISO\s0 preprocessor. To +minimize gratuitous differences, where the \s-1ISO\s0 preprocessor's +behavior does not conflict with traditional semantics, the +traditional preprocessor should behave the same way. The various +differences that do exist are detailed in the section \fBTraditional +Mode\fR. +.PP +For clarity, unless noted otherwise, references to \fB\s-1CPP\s0\fR in this +manual refer to \s-1GNU\s0 \s-1CPP\s0. .SH "OPTIONS" .IX Header "OPTIONS" The C preprocessor expects two file names as arguments, \fIinfile\fR and @@ -198,10 +200,10 @@ The C preprocessor expects two file names as arguments, \fIinfile\fR and other files it specifies with \fB#include\fR. All the output generated by the combined input files is written in \fIoutfile\fR. .PP -Either \fIinfile\fR or \fIoutfile\fR may be \fB-\fR, which as +Either \fIinfile\fR or \fIoutfile\fR may be \fB\-\fR, which as \&\fIinfile\fR means to read from standard input and as \fIoutfile\fR means to write to standard output. Also, if either file is omitted, it -means the same as if \fB-\fR had been specified for that file. +means the same as if \fB\-\fR had been specified for that file. .PP Unless otherwise noted, or the option ends in \fB=\fR, all options which take an argument may have that argument appear either immediately @@ -211,16 +213,20 @@ after the option, or with a space between option and argument: Many options have multi-letter names; therefore multiple single-letter options may \fInot\fR be grouped: \fB\-dM\fR is very different from \&\fB\-d\ \-M\fR. -.Ip "\fB\-D\fR \fIname\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-D\fR \fIname\fR" 4 .IX Item "-D name" -Predefine \fIname\fR as a macro, with definition \f(CW\*(C`1\*(C'\fR. -.Ip "\fB\-D\fR \fIname\fR\fB=\fR\fIdefinition\fR" 4 +Predefine \fIname\fR as a macro, with definition \f(CW1\fR. +.IP "\fB\-D\fR \fIname\fR\fB=\fR\fIdefinition\fR" 4 .IX Item "-D name=definition" Predefine \fIname\fR as a macro, with definition \fIdefinition\fR. -There are no restrictions on the contents of \fIdefinition\fR, but if -you are invoking the preprocessor from a shell or shell-like program you -may need to use the shell's quoting syntax to protect characters such as -spaces that have a meaning in the shell syntax. +The contents of \fIdefinition\fR are tokenized and processed as if +they appeared during translation phase three in a \fB#define\fR +directive. In particular, the definition will be truncated by +embedded newline characters. +.Sp +If you are invoking the preprocessor from a shell or shell-like +program you may need to use the shell's quoting syntax to protect +characters such as spaces that have a meaning in the shell syntax. .Sp If you wish to define a function-like macro on the command line, write its argument list with surrounding parentheses before the equals sign @@ -232,90 +238,132 @@ to quote the option. With \fBsh\fR and \fBcsh\fR, are given on the command line. All \fB\-imacros\fR \fIfile\fR and \&\fB\-include\fR \fIfile\fR options are processed after all \&\fB\-D\fR and \fB\-U\fR options. -.Ip "\fB\-U\fR \fIname\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-U\fR \fIname\fR" 4 .IX Item "-U name" Cancel any previous definition of \fIname\fR, either built in or provided with a \fB\-D\fR option. -.Ip "\fB\-undef\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-undef\fR" 4 .IX Item "-undef" -Do not predefine any system-specific macros. The common predefined -macros remain defined. -.Ip "\fB\-I\fR \fIdir\fR" 4 +Do not predefine any system-specific or GCC-specific macros. The +standard predefined macros remain defined. +.IP "\fB\-I\fR \fIdir\fR" 4 .IX Item "-I dir" Add the directory \fIdir\fR to the list of directories to be searched for header files. .Sp Directories named by \fB\-I\fR are searched before the standard -system include directories. -.Sp -It is dangerous to specify a standard system include directory in an -\&\fB\-I\fR option. This defeats the special treatment of system -headers -\&. It can also defeat the repairs to buggy system headers which \s-1GCC\s0 -makes when it is installed. -.Ip "\fB\-o\fR \fIfile\fR" 4 +system include directories. If the directory \fIdir\fR is a standard +system include directory, the option is ignored to ensure that the +default search order for system directories and the special treatment +of system headers are not defeated +\&. +.IP "\fB\-o\fR \fIfile\fR" 4 .IX Item "-o file" Write output to \fIfile\fR. This is the same as specifying \fIfile\fR as the second non-option argument to \fBcpp\fR. \fBgcc\fR has a different interpretation of a second non-option argument, so you must use \fB\-o\fR to specify the output file. -.Ip "\fB\-Wall\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-Wall\fR" 4 .IX Item "-Wall" -Turns on all optional warnings which are desirable for normal code. At -present this is \fB\-Wcomment\fR and \fB\-Wtrigraphs\fR. Note that -many of the preprocessor's warnings are on by default and have no -options to control them. -.Ip "\fB\-Wcomment\fR" 4 +Turns on all optional warnings which are desirable for normal code. +At present this is \fB\-Wcomment\fR, \fB\-Wtrigraphs\fR, +\&\fB\-Wmultichar\fR and a warning about integer promotion causing a +change of sign in \f(CW\*(C`#if\*(C'\fR expressions. Note that many of the +preprocessor's warnings are on by default and have no options to +control them. +.IP "\fB\-Wcomment\fR" 4 .IX Item "-Wcomment" .PD 0 -.Ip "\fB\-Wcomments\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-Wcomments\fR" 4 .IX Item "-Wcomments" .PD Warn whenever a comment-start sequence \fB/*\fR appears in a \fB/*\fR comment, or whenever a backslash-newline appears in a \fB//\fR comment. (Both forms have the same effect.) -.Ip "\fB\-Wtrigraphs\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-Wtrigraphs\fR" 4 .IX Item "-Wtrigraphs" -Warn if any trigraphs are encountered. This option used to take effect -only if \fB\-trigraphs\fR was also specified, but now works -independently. Warnings are not given for trigraphs within comments, as -they do not affect the meaning of the program. -.Ip "\fB\-Wtraditional\fR" 4 +@anchor{Wtrigraphs} +Most trigraphs in comments cannot affect the meaning of the program. +However, a trigraph that would form an escaped newline (\fB??/\fR at +the end of a line) can, by changing where the comment begins or ends. +Therefore, only trigraphs that would form escaped newlines produce +warnings inside a comment. +.Sp +This option is implied by \fB\-Wall\fR. If \fB\-Wall\fR is not +given, this option is still enabled unless trigraphs are enabled. To +get trigraph conversion without warnings, but get the other +\&\fB\-Wall\fR warnings, use \fB\-trigraphs \-Wall \-Wno\-trigraphs\fR. +.IP "\fB\-Wtraditional\fR" 4 .IX Item "-Wtraditional" Warn about certain constructs that behave differently in traditional and \&\s-1ISO\s0 C. Also warn about \s-1ISO\s0 C constructs that have no traditional C equivalent, and problematic constructs which should be avoided. -.Ip "\fB\-Wimport\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-Wimport\fR" 4 .IX Item "-Wimport" Warn the first time \fB#import\fR is used. -.Ip "\fB\-Wundef\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-Wundef\fR" 4 .IX Item "-Wundef" Warn whenever an identifier which is not a macro is encountered in an \&\fB#if\fR directive, outside of \fBdefined\fR. Such identifiers are replaced with zero. -.Ip "\fB\-Werror\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-Wunused\-macros\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-Wunused-macros" +Warn about macros defined in the main file that are unused. A macro +is \fIused\fR if it is expanded or tested for existence at least once. +The preprocessor will also warn if the macro has not been used at the +time it is redefined or undefined. +.Sp +Built-in macros, macros defined on the command line, and macros +defined in include files are not warned about. +.Sp +\&\fBNote:\fR If a macro is actually used, but only used in skipped +conditional blocks, then \s-1CPP\s0 will report it as unused. To avoid the +warning in such a case, you might improve the scope of the macro's +definition by, for example, moving it into the first skipped block. +Alternatively, you could provide a dummy use with something like: +.Sp +.Vb 2 +\& #if defined the_macro_causing_the_warning +\& #endif +.Ve +.IP "\fB\-Wendif\-labels\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-Wendif-labels" +Warn whenever an \fB#else\fR or an \fB#endif\fR are followed by text. +This usually happens in code of the form +.Sp +.Vb 5 +\& #if FOO +\& ... +\& #else FOO +\& ... +\& #endif FOO +.Ve +.Sp +The second and third \f(CW\*(C`FOO\*(C'\fR should be in comments, but often are not +in older programs. This warning is on by default. +.IP "\fB\-Werror\fR" 4 .IX Item "-Werror" Make all warnings into hard errors. Source code which triggers warnings will be rejected. -.Ip "\fB\-Wsystem-headers\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-Wsystem\-headers\fR" 4 .IX Item "-Wsystem-headers" Issue warnings for code in system headers. These are normally unhelpful in finding bugs in your own code, therefore suppressed. If you are responsible for the system library, you may want to see them. -.Ip "\fB\-w\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-w\fR" 4 .IX Item "-w" Suppress all warnings, including those which \s-1GNU\s0 \s-1CPP\s0 issues by default. -.Ip "\fB\-pedantic\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-pedantic\fR" 4 .IX Item "-pedantic" Issue all the mandatory diagnostics listed in the C standard. Some of them are left out by default, since they trigger frequently on harmless code. -.Ip "\fB\-pedantic-errors\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-pedantic\-errors\fR" 4 .IX Item "-pedantic-errors" Issue all the mandatory diagnostics, and make all mandatory diagnostics into errors. This includes mandatory diagnostics that \s-1GCC\s0 issues without \fB\-pedantic\fR but treats as warnings. -.Ip "\fB\-M\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-M\fR" 4 .IX Item "-M" Instead of outputting the result of preprocessing, output a rule suitable for \fBmake\fR describing the dependencies of the main @@ -337,8 +385,9 @@ rules you should explicitly specify the dependency output file with \&\fB\s-1DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT\s0\fR. Debug output will still be sent to the regular output stream as normal. .Sp -Passing \fB\-M\fR to the driver implies \fB\-E\fR. -.Ip "\fB\-MM\fR" 4 +Passing \fB\-M\fR to the driver implies \fB\-E\fR, and suppresses +warnings with an implicit \fB\-w\fR. +.IP "\fB\-MM\fR" 4 .IX Item "-MM" Like \fB\-M\fR but do not mention header files that are found in system header directories, nor header files that are included, @@ -348,9 +397,10 @@ This implies that the choice of angle brackets or double quotes in an \&\fB#include\fR directive does not in itself determine whether that header will appear in \fB\-MM\fR dependency output. This is a slight change in semantics from \s-1GCC\s0 versions 3.0 and earlier. -.Ip "\fB\-MF\fR \fIfile\fR" 4 +.Sp +@anchor{dashMF} +.IP "\fB\-MF\fR \fIfile\fR" 4 .IX Item "-MF file" -@anchor{\-MF} When used with \fB\-M\fR or \fB\-MM\fR, specifies a file to write the dependencies to. If no \fB\-MF\fR switch is given the preprocessor sends the rules to the same place it would have sent @@ -358,15 +408,18 @@ preprocessed output. .Sp When used with the driver options \fB\-MD\fR or \fB\-MMD\fR, \&\fB\-MF\fR overrides the default dependency output file. -.Ip "\fB\-MG\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-MG\fR" 4 .IX Item "-MG" -When used with \fB\-M\fR or \fB\-MM\fR, \fB\-MG\fR says to treat missing -header files as generated files and assume they live in the same -directory as the source file. It suppresses preprocessed output, as a -missing header file is ordinarily an error. +In conjunction with an option such as \fB\-M\fR requesting +dependency generation, \fB\-MG\fR assumes missing header files are +generated files and adds them to the dependency list without raising +an error. The dependency filename is taken directly from the +\&\f(CW\*(C`#include\*(C'\fR directive without prepending any path. \fB\-MG\fR +also suppresses preprocessed output, as a missing header file renders +this useless. .Sp This feature is used in automatic updating of makefiles. -.Ip "\fB\-MP\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-MP\fR" 4 .IX Item "-MP" This option instructs \s-1CPP\s0 to add a phony target for each dependency other than the main file, causing each to depend on nothing. These @@ -378,10 +431,11 @@ This is typical output: .Vb 1 \& test.o: test.c test.h .Ve +.Sp .Vb 1 \& test.h: .Ve -.Ip "\fB\-MT\fR \fItarget\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-MT\fR \fItarget\fR" 4 .IX Item "-MT target" Change the target of the rule emitted by dependency generation. By default \s-1CPP\s0 takes the name of the main input file, including any path, @@ -397,7 +451,7 @@ For example, \fB\-MT\ '$(objpfx)foo.o'\fR might give .Vb 1 \& $(objpfx)foo.o: foo.c .Ve -.Ip "\fB\-MQ\fR \fItarget\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-MQ\fR \fItarget\fR" 4 .IX Item "-MQ target" Same as \fB\-MT\fR, but it quotes any characters which are special to Make. \fB\-MQ\ '$(objpfx)foo.o'\fR gives @@ -405,9 +459,10 @@ Make. \fB\-MQ\ '$(objpfx)foo.o'\fR gives .Vb 1 \& $$(objpfx)foo.o: foo.c .Ve +.Sp The default target is automatically quoted, as if it were given with \&\fB\-MQ\fR. -.Ip "\fB\-MD\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-MD\fR" 4 .IX Item "-MD" \&\fB\-MD\fR is equivalent to \fB\-M \-MF\fR \fIfile\fR, except that \&\fB\-E\fR is not implied. The driver determines \fIfile\fR based on @@ -417,26 +472,26 @@ basename of the input file and applies a \fI.d\fR suffix. .Sp If \fB\-MD\fR is used in conjunction with \fB\-E\fR, any \&\fB\-o\fR switch is understood to specify the dependency output file -(but \f(CW@pxref\fR{\-MF}), but if used without \fB\-E\fR, each \fB\-o\fR +(but \f(CW@pxref\fR{dashMF,,\-MF}), but if used without \fB\-E\fR, each \fB\-o\fR is understood to specify a target object file. .Sp Since \fB\-E\fR is not implied, \fB\-MD\fR can be used to generate a dependency output file as a side-effect of the compilation process. -.Ip "\fB\-MMD\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-MMD\fR" 4 .IX Item "-MMD" Like \fB\-MD\fR except mention only user header files, not system \&\-header files. -.Ip "\fB\-x c\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-x c\fR" 4 .IX Item "-x c" .PD 0 -.Ip "\fB\-x c++\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-x c++\fR" 4 .IX Item "-x c++" -.Ip "\fB\-x objective-c\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-x objective-c\fR" 4 .IX Item "-x objective-c" -.Ip "\fB\-x assembler-with-cpp\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-x assembler-with-cpp\fR" 4 .IX Item "-x assembler-with-cpp" .PD -Specify the source language: C, \*(C+, Objective-C, or assembly. This has +Specify the source language: C, \*(C+, Objective\-C, or assembly. This has nothing to do with standards conformance or extensions; it merely selects which base syntax to expect. If you give none of these options, cpp will deduce the language from the extension of the source file: @@ -449,89 +504,97 @@ generic mode. which selected both the language and the standards conformance level. This option has been removed, because it conflicts with the \fB\-l\fR option. -.Ip "\fB\-std=\fR\fIstandard\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-std=\fR\fIstandard\fR" 4 .IX Item "-std=standard" .PD 0 -.Ip "\fB\-ansi\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-ansi\fR" 4 .IX Item "-ansi" .PD -Specify the standard to which the code should conform. Currently cpp -only knows about the standards for C; other language standards will be -added in the future. +Specify the standard to which the code should conform. Currently \s-1CPP\s0 +knows about C and \*(C+ standards; others may be added in the future. .Sp \&\fIstandard\fR may be one of: .RS 4 -.if n .Ip "\f(CW""""iso9899:1990""""\fR" 4 -.el .Ip "\f(CWiso9899:1990\fR" 4 +.ie n .IP """iso9899:1990""" 4 +.el .IP "\f(CWiso9899:1990\fR" 4 .IX Item "iso9899:1990" .PD 0 -.if n .Ip "\f(CW""""c89""""\fR" 4 -.el .Ip "\f(CWc89\fR" 4 +.ie n .IP """c89""" 4 +.el .IP "\f(CWc89\fR" 4 .IX Item "c89" .PD The \s-1ISO\s0 C standard from 1990. \fBc89\fR is the customary shorthand for this version of the standard. .Sp The \fB\-ansi\fR option is equivalent to \fB\-std=c89\fR. -.if n .Ip "\f(CW""""iso9899:199409""""\fR" 4 -.el .Ip "\f(CWiso9899:199409\fR" 4 +.ie n .IP """iso9899:199409""" 4 +.el .IP "\f(CWiso9899:199409\fR" 4 .IX Item "iso9899:199409" The 1990 C standard, as amended in 1994. -.if n .Ip "\f(CW""""iso9899:1999""""\fR" 4 -.el .Ip "\f(CWiso9899:1999\fR" 4 +.ie n .IP """iso9899:1999""" 4 +.el .IP "\f(CWiso9899:1999\fR" 4 .IX Item "iso9899:1999" .PD 0 -.if n .Ip "\f(CW""""c99""""\fR" 4 -.el .Ip "\f(CWc99\fR" 4 +.ie n .IP """c99""" 4 +.el .IP "\f(CWc99\fR" 4 .IX Item "c99" -.if n .Ip "\f(CW""""iso9899:199x""""\fR" 4 -.el .Ip "\f(CWiso9899:199x\fR" 4 +.ie n .IP """iso9899:199x""" 4 +.el .IP "\f(CWiso9899:199x\fR" 4 .IX Item "iso9899:199x" -.if n .Ip "\f(CW""""c9x""""\fR" 4 -.el .Ip "\f(CWc9x\fR" 4 +.ie n .IP """c9x""" 4 +.el .IP "\f(CWc9x\fR" 4 .IX Item "c9x" .PD The revised \s-1ISO\s0 C standard, published in December 1999. Before publication, this was known as C9X. -.if n .Ip "\f(CW""""gnu89""""\fR" 4 -.el .Ip "\f(CWgnu89\fR" 4 +.ie n .IP """gnu89""" 4 +.el .IP "\f(CWgnu89\fR" 4 .IX Item "gnu89" The 1990 C standard plus \s-1GNU\s0 extensions. This is the default. -.if n .Ip "\f(CW""""gnu99""""\fR" 4 -.el .Ip "\f(CWgnu99\fR" 4 +.ie n .IP """gnu99""" 4 +.el .IP "\f(CWgnu99\fR" 4 .IX Item "gnu99" .PD 0 -.if n .Ip "\f(CW""""gnu9x""""\fR" 4 -.el .Ip "\f(CWgnu9x\fR" 4 +.ie n .IP """gnu9x""" 4 +.el .IP "\f(CWgnu9x\fR" 4 .IX Item "gnu9x" .PD The 1999 C standard plus \s-1GNU\s0 extensions. +.ie n .IP """c++98""" 4 +.el .IP "\f(CWc++98\fR" 4 +.IX Item "c++98" +The 1998 \s-1ISO\s0 \*(C+ standard plus amendments. +.ie n .IP """gnu++98""" 4 +.el .IP "\f(CWgnu++98\fR" 4 +.IX Item "gnu++98" +The same as \fB\-std=c++98\fR plus \s-1GNU\s0 extensions. This is the +default for \*(C+ code. .RE .RS 4 .RE -.Ip "\fB\-I-\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-I\-\fR" 4 .IX Item "-I-" Split the include path. Any directories specified with \fB\-I\fR -options before \fB\-I-\fR are searched only for headers requested with +options before \fB\-I\-\fR are searched only for headers requested with \&\f(CW\*(C`#include\ "\f(CIfile\f(CW"\*(C'\fR; they are not searched for \&\f(CW\*(C`#include\ <\f(CIfile\f(CW>\*(C'\fR. If additional directories are -specified with \fB\-I\fR options after the \fB\-I-\fR, those +specified with \fB\-I\fR options after the \fB\-I\-\fR, those directories are searched for all \fB#include\fR directives. .Sp -In addition, \fB\-I-\fR inhibits the use of the directory of the current +In addition, \fB\-I\-\fR inhibits the use of the directory of the current file directory as the first search directory for \f(CW\*(C`#include\ "\f(CIfile\f(CW"\*(C'\fR. -.Ip "\fB\-nostdinc\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-nostdinc\fR" 4 .IX Item "-nostdinc" Do not search the standard system directories for header files. Only the directories you have specified with \fB\-I\fR options (and the directory of the current file, if appropriate) are searched. -.Ip "\fB\-nostdinc++\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-nostdinc++\fR" 4 .IX Item "-nostdinc++" Do not search for header files in the \*(C+\-specific standard directories, but do still search the other standard directories. (This option is used when building the \*(C+ library.) -.Ip "\fB\-include\fR \fIfile\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-include\fR \fIfile\fR" 4 .IX Item "-include file" Process \fIfile\fR as if \f(CW\*(C`#include "file"\*(C'\fR appeared as the first line of the primary source file. However, the first directory searched @@ -542,7 +605,7 @@ chain as normal. .Sp If multiple \fB\-include\fR options are given, the files are included in the order they appear on the command line. -.Ip "\fB\-imacros\fR \fIfile\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-imacros\fR \fIfile\fR" 4 .IX Item "-imacros file" Exactly like \fB\-include\fR, except that any output produced by scanning \fIfile\fR is thrown away. Macros it defines remain defined. @@ -551,35 +614,37 @@ processing its declarations. .Sp All files specified by \fB\-imacros\fR are processed before all files specified by \fB\-include\fR. -.Ip "\fB\-idirafter\fR \fIdir\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-idirafter\fR \fIdir\fR" 4 .IX Item "-idirafter dir" Search \fIdir\fR for header files, but do it \fIafter\fR all directories specified with \fB\-I\fR and the standard system directories have been exhausted. \fIdir\fR is treated as a system include directory. -.Ip "\fB\-iprefix\fR \fIprefix\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-iprefix\fR \fIprefix\fR" 4 .IX Item "-iprefix prefix" Specify \fIprefix\fR as the prefix for subsequent \fB\-iwithprefix\fR options. If the prefix represents a directory, you should include the final \fB/\fR. -.Ip "\fB\-iwithprefix\fR \fIdir\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-iwithprefix\fR \fIdir\fR" 4 .IX Item "-iwithprefix dir" .PD 0 -.Ip "\fB\-iwithprefixbefore\fR \fIdir\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-iwithprefixbefore\fR \fIdir\fR" 4 .IX Item "-iwithprefixbefore dir" .PD Append \fIdir\fR to the prefix specified previously with \&\fB\-iprefix\fR, and add the resulting directory to the include search path. \fB\-iwithprefixbefore\fR puts it in the same place \fB\-I\fR would; \fB\-iwithprefix\fR puts it where \fB\-idirafter\fR would. -.Sp -Use of these options is discouraged. -.Ip "\fB\-isystem\fR \fIdir\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-isystem\fR \fIdir\fR" 4 .IX Item "-isystem dir" Search \fIdir\fR for header files, after all directories specified by \&\fB\-I\fR but before the standard system directories. Mark it as a system directory, so that it gets the same special treatment as is applied to the standard system directories. -.Ip "\fB\-fpreprocessed\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-fdollars\-in\-identifiers\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fdollars-in-identifiers" +@anchor{fdollars\-in\-identifiers} +Accept \fB$\fR in identifiers. +.IP "\fB\-fpreprocessed\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fpreprocessed" Indicate to the preprocessor that the input file has already been preprocessed. This suppresses things like macro expansion, trigraph @@ -592,35 +657,65 @@ a tokenizer for the front ends. \&\fB\-fpreprocessed\fR is implicit if the input file has one of the extensions \fB.i\fR, \fB.ii\fR or \fB.mi\fR. These are the extensions that \s-1GCC\s0 uses for preprocessed files created by -\&\fB\-save-temps\fR. -.Ip "\fB\-ftabstop=\fR\fIwidth\fR" 4 +\&\fB\-save\-temps\fR. +.IP "\fB\-ftabstop=\fR\fIwidth\fR" 4 .IX Item "-ftabstop=width" Set the distance between tab stops. This helps the preprocessor report correct column numbers in warnings or errors, even if tabs appear on the line. If the value is less than 1 or greater than 100, the option is ignored. The default is 8. -.Ip "\fB\-fno-show-column\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-fexec\-charset=\fR\fIcharset\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fexec-charset=charset" +Set the execution character set, used for string and character +constants. The default is \s-1UTF\-8\s0. \fIcharset\fR can be any encoding +supported by the system's \f(CW\*(C`iconv\*(C'\fR library routine. +.IP "\fB\-fwide\-exec\-charset=\fR\fIcharset\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fwide-exec-charset=charset" +Set the wide execution character set, used for wide string and +character constants. The default is \s-1UTF\-32\s0 or \s-1UTF\-16\s0, whichever +corresponds to the width of \f(CW\*(C`wchar_t\*(C'\fR. As with +\&\fB\-ftarget\-charset\fR, \fIcharset\fR can be any encoding supported +by the system's \f(CW\*(C`iconv\*(C'\fR library routine; however, you will have +problems with encodings that do not fit exactly in \f(CW\*(C`wchar_t\*(C'\fR. +.IP "\fB\-finput\-charset=\fR\fIcharset\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-finput-charset=charset" +Set the input character set, used for translation from the character +set of the input file to the source character set used by \s-1GCC\s0. If the +locale does not specify, or \s-1GCC\s0 cannot get this information from the +locale, the default is \s-1UTF\-8\s0. This can be overridden by either the locale +or this command line option. Currently the command line option takes +precedence if there's a conflict. \fIcharset\fR can be any encoding +supported by the system's \f(CW\*(C`iconv\*(C'\fR library routine. +.IP "\fB\-fworking\-directory\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fworking-directory" +Enable generation of linemarkers in the preprocessor output that will +let the compiler know the current working directory at the time of +preprocessing. When this option is enabled, the preprocessor will +emit, after the initial linemarker, a second linemarker with the +current working directory followed by two slashes. \s-1GCC\s0 will use this +directory, when it's present in the preprocessed input, as the +directory emitted as the current working directory in some debugging +information formats. This option is implicitly enabled if debugging +information is enabled, but this can be inhibited with the negated +form \fB\-fno\-working\-directory\fR. If the \fB\-P\fR flag is +present in the command line, this option has no effect, since no +\&\f(CW\*(C`#line\*(C'\fR directives are emitted whatsoever. +.IP "\fB\-fno\-show\-column\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fno-show-column" Do not print column numbers in diagnostics. This may be necessary if diagnostics are being scanned by a program that does not understand the column numbers, such as \fBdejagnu\fR. -.Ip "\fB\-A\fR \fIpredicate\fR\fB=\fR\fIanswer\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-A\fR \fIpredicate\fR\fB=\fR\fIanswer\fR" 4 .IX Item "-A predicate=answer" Make an assertion with the predicate \fIpredicate\fR and answer \&\fIanswer\fR. This form is preferred to the older form \fB\-A\fR \&\fIpredicate\fR\fB(\fR\fIanswer\fR\fB)\fR, which is still supported, because it does not use shell special characters. -.Ip "\fB\-A -\fR\fIpredicate\fR\fB=\fR\fIanswer\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-A \-\fR\fIpredicate\fR\fB=\fR\fIanswer\fR" 4 .IX Item "-A -predicate=answer" Cancel an assertion with the predicate \fIpredicate\fR and answer \&\fIanswer\fR. -.Ip "\fB\-A-\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-A-" -Cancel all predefined assertions and all assertions preceding it on -the command line. Also, undefine all predefined macros and all -macros preceding it on the command line. (This is a historical wart and -may change in the future.) -.Ip "\fB\-dCHARS\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-dCHARS\fR" 4 .IX Item "-dCHARS" \&\fI\s-1CHARS\s0\fR is a sequence of one or more of the following characters, and must not be preceded by a space. Other characters are interpreted @@ -628,7 +723,7 @@ by the compiler proper, or reserved for future versions of \s-1GCC\s0, and so are silently ignored. If you specify characters whose behavior conflicts, the result is undefined. .RS 4 -.Ip "\fBM\fR" 4 +.IP "\fBM\fR" 4 .IX Item "M" Instead of the normal output, generate a list of \fB#define\fR directives for all the macros defined during the execution of the @@ -639,30 +734,31 @@ Assuming you have no file \fIfoo.h\fR, the command .Vb 1 \& touch foo.h; cpp -dM foo.h .Ve +.Sp will show all the predefined macros. -.Ip "\fBD\fR" 4 +.IP "\fBD\fR" 4 .IX Item "D" Like \fBM\fR except in two respects: it does \fInot\fR include the predefined macros, and it outputs \fIboth\fR the \fB#define\fR directives and the result of preprocessing. Both kinds of output go to the standard output file. -.Ip "\fBN\fR" 4 +.IP "\fBN\fR" 4 .IX Item "N" Like \fBD\fR, but emit only the macro names, not their expansions. -.Ip "\fBI\fR" 4 +.IP "\fBI\fR" 4 .IX Item "I" Output \fB#include\fR directives in addition to the result of preprocessing. .RE .RS 4 .RE -.Ip "\fB\-P\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-P\fR" 4 .IX Item "-P" Inhibit generation of linemarkers in the output from the preprocessor. This might be useful when running the preprocessor on something that is not C code, and will be sent to a program which might be confused by the linemarkers. -.Ip "\fB\-C\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-C\fR" 4 .IX Item "-C" Do not discard comments. All comments are passed through to the output file, except for comments in processed directives, which are deleted @@ -673,52 +769,54 @@ causes the preprocessor to treat comments as tokens in their own right. For example, comments appearing at the start of what would be a directive line have the effect of turning that line into an ordinary source line, since the first token on the line is no longer a \fB#\fR. -.Ip "\fB\-gcc\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-gcc" -Define the macros _\|_GNUC_\|_, _\|_GNUC_MINOR_\|_ and -_\|_GNUC_PATCHLEVEL_\|_. These are defined automatically when you use -\&\fBgcc \-E\fR; you can turn them off in that case with -\&\fB\-no-gcc\fR. -.Ip "\fB\-traditional\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-traditional" -Try to imitate the behavior of old-fashioned C, as opposed to \s-1ISO\s0 -C. -.Ip "\fB\-trigraphs\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-CC\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-CC" +Do not discard comments, including during macro expansion. This is +like \fB\-C\fR, except that comments contained within macros are +also passed through to the output file where the macro is expanded. +.Sp +In addition to the side-effects of the \fB\-C\fR option, the +\&\fB\-CC\fR option causes all \*(C+\-style comments inside a macro +to be converted to C\-style comments. This is to prevent later use +of that macro from inadvertently commenting out the remainder of +the source line. +.Sp +The \fB\-CC\fR option is generally used to support lint comments. +.IP "\fB\-traditional\-cpp\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-traditional-cpp" +Try to imitate the behavior of old-fashioned C preprocessors, as +opposed to \s-1ISO\s0 C preprocessors. +.IP "\fB\-trigraphs\fR" 4 .IX Item "-trigraphs" Process trigraph sequences. -.Ip "\fB\-remap\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-remap\fR" 4 .IX Item "-remap" Enable special code to work around file systems which only permit very -short file names, such as \s-1MS-DOS\s0. -.Ip "\fB\-$\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-$" -Forbid the use of \fB$\fR in identifiers. The C standard allows -implementations to define extra characters that can appear in -identifiers. By default \s-1GNU\s0 \s-1CPP\s0 permits \fB$\fR, a common extension. -.Ip "\fB\-h\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-h" +short file names, such as \s-1MS\-DOS\s0. +.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--help" .PD 0 -.Ip "\fB\*(--help\fR" 4 -.IX Item "help" -.Ip "\fB\*(--target-help\fR" 4 -.IX Item "target-help" +.IP "\fB\-\-target\-help\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--target-help" .PD Print text describing all the command line options instead of preprocessing anything. -.Ip "\fB\-v\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4 .IX Item "-v" Verbose mode. Print out \s-1GNU\s0 \s-1CPP\s0's version number at the beginning of execution, and report the final form of the include path. -.Ip "\fB\-H\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-H\fR" 4 .IX Item "-H" Print the name of each header file used, in addition to other normal activities. Each name is indented to show how deep in the -\&\fB#include\fR stack it is. -.Ip "\fB\-version\fR" 4 +\&\fB#include\fR stack it is. Precompiled header files are also +printed, even if they are found to be invalid; an invalid precompiled +header file is printed with \fB...x\fR and a valid one with \fB...!\fR . +.IP "\fB\-version\fR" 4 .IX Item "-version" .PD 0 -.Ip "\fB\*(--version\fR" 4 -.IX Item "version" +.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--version" .PD Print out \s-1GNU\s0 \s-1CPP\s0's version number. With one dash, proceed to preprocess as normal. With two dashes, exit immediately. @@ -733,25 +831,25 @@ Note that you can also specify places to search using options such as \&\fB\-M\fR. These take precedence over environment variables, which in turn take precedence over the configuration of \s-1GCC\s0. -.Ip "\fB\s-1CPATH\s0\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\s-1CPATH\s0\fR" 4 .IX Item "CPATH" .PD 0 -.Ip "\fBC_INCLUDE_PATH\fR" 4 +.IP "\fBC_INCLUDE_PATH\fR" 4 .IX Item "C_INCLUDE_PATH" -.Ip "\fB\s-1CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH\s0\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\s-1CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH\s0\fR" 4 .IX Item "CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH" -.Ip "\fB\s-1OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH\s0\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\s-1OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH\s0\fR" 4 .IX Item "OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH" .PD Each variable's value is a list of directories separated by a special character, much like \fB\s-1PATH\s0\fR, in which to look for header files. The special character, \f(CW\*(C`PATH_SEPARATOR\*(C'\fR, is target-dependent and -determined at \s-1GCC\s0 build time. For Windows-based targets it is a +determined at \s-1GCC\s0 build time. For Microsoft Windows-based targets it is a semicolon, and for almost all other targets it is a colon. .Sp \&\fB\s-1CPATH\s0\fR specifies a list of directories to be searched as if specified with \fB\-I\fR, but after any paths given with \fB\-I\fR -options on the command line. The environment variable is used +options on the command line. This environment variable is used regardless of which language is being preprocessed. .Sp The remaining environment variables apply only when preprocessing the @@ -759,10 +857,13 @@ particular language indicated. Each specifies a list of directories to be searched as if specified with \fB\-isystem\fR, but after any paths given with \fB\-isystem\fR options on the command line. .Sp -See also \f(CW@ref\fR{Search Path}. -.Ip "\fB\s-1DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT\s0\fR" 4 +In all these variables, an empty element instructs the compiler to +search its current working directory. Empty elements can appear at the +beginning or end of a path. For instance, if the value of +\&\fB\s-1CPATH\s0\fR is \f(CW\*(C`:/special/include\*(C'\fR, that has the same +effect as \fB\-I.\ \-I/special/include\fR. +.IP "\fB\s-1DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT\s0\fR" 4 .IX Item "DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT" -@anchor{\s-1DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT\s0} If this variable is set, its value specifies how to output dependencies for Make based on the non-system header files processed by the compiler. System header files are ignored in the dependency @@ -777,22 +878,21 @@ file \fIfile\fR using \fItarget\fR as the target name. In other words, this environment variable is equivalent to combining the options \fB\-MM\fR and \fB\-MF\fR, with an optional \fB\-MT\fR switch too. -.Ip "\fB\s-1SUNPRO_DEPENDENCIES\s0\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\s-1SUNPRO_DEPENDENCIES\s0\fR" 4 .IX Item "SUNPRO_DEPENDENCIES" -This variable is the same as the environment variable -\&\fB\s-1DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT\s0\fR, except that -system header files are not ignored, so it implies \fB\-M\fR rather -than \fB\-MM\fR. However, the dependence on the main input file is -omitted. +This variable is the same as \fB\s-1DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT\s0\fR (see above), +except that system header files are not ignored, so it implies +\&\fB\-M\fR rather than \fB\-MM\fR. However, the dependence on the +main input file is omitted. .SH "SEE ALSO" .IX Header "SEE ALSO" -\&\fIgpl\fR\|(7), \fIgfdl\fR\|(7), \fIfsf-funding\fR\|(7), +\&\fIgpl\fR\|(7), \fIgfdl\fR\|(7), \fIfsf\-funding\fR\|(7), \&\fIgcc\fR\|(1), \fIas\fR\|(1), \fIld\fR\|(1), and the Info entries for \fIcpp\fR, \fIgcc\fR, and \&\fIbinutils\fR. .SH "COPYRIGHT" .IX Header "COPYRIGHT" Copyright (c) 1987, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, -1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 +1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. .PP Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document @@ -808,6 +908,7 @@ This manual contains no Invariant Sections. The Front-Cover Texts are .Vb 1 \& A GNU Manual .Ve +.PP (b) The \s-1FSF\s0's Back-Cover Text is: .PP .Vb 3 diff --git a/contrib/gcc/doc/gcc.1 b/contrib/gcc/doc/gcc.1 index 16a2b28300fd..1fd2c2bcea67 100644 --- a/contrib/gcc/doc/gcc.1 +++ b/contrib/gcc/doc/gcc.1 @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man version 1.15 -.\" Wed Feb 5 03:13:56 2003 +.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man v1.37, Pod::Parser v1.14 .\" .\" Standard preamble: -.\" ====================================================================== +.\" ======================================================================== .de Sh \" Subsection heading .br .if t .Sp @@ -15,12 +14,6 @@ .if t .sp .5v .if n .sp .. -.de Ip \" List item -.br -.ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3 -.el .ne 3 -.IP "\\$1" \\$2 -.. .de Vb \" Begin verbatim text .ft CW .nf @@ -28,15 +21,14 @@ .. .de Ve \" End verbatim text .ft R - .fi .. .\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will .\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left .\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. | will give a -.\" real vertical bar. \*(C+ will give a nicer C++. Capital omega is used -.\" to do unbreakable dashes and therefore won't be available. \*(C` and -.\" \*(C' expand to `' in nroff, nothing in troff, for use with C<> +.\" real vertical bar. \*(C+ will give a nicer C++. Capital omega is used to +.\" do unbreakable dashes and therefore won't be available. \*(C` and \*(C' +.\" expand to `' in nroff, nothing in troff, for use with C<>. .tr \(*W-|\(bv\*(Tr .ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p' .ie n \{\ @@ -56,10 +48,10 @@ . ds R" '' 'br\} .\" -.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr -.\" for titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.Sh), items (.Ip), and -.\" index entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process -.\" the output yourself in some meaningful fashion. +.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for +.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.Sh), items (.Ip), and index +.\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the +.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion. .if \nF \{\ . de IX . tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2" @@ -68,14 +60,13 @@ . rr F .\} .\" -.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it -.\" makes way too many mistakes in technical documents. +.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes +.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. .hy 0 .if n .na .\" .\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2). .\" Fear. Run. Save yourself. No user-serviceable parts. -.bd B 3 . \" fudge factors for nroff and troff .if n \{\ . ds #H 0 @@ -135,13 +126,12 @@ . ds Ae AE .\} .rm #[ #] #H #V #F C -.\" ====================================================================== +.\" ======================================================================== .\" .IX Title "GCC 1" -.TH GCC 1 "gcc-3.2.2" "2003-02-05" "GNU" -.UC +.TH GCC 1 "2006-03-06" "gcc-3.4.6" "GNU" .SH "NAME" -gcc \- \s-1GNU\s0 project C and \*(C+ compiler +gcc \- GNU project C and C++ compiler .SH "SYNOPSIS" .IX Header "SYNOPSIS" gcc [\fB\-c\fR|\fB\-S\fR|\fB\-E\fR] [\fB\-std=\fR\fIstandard\fR] @@ -183,10 +173,10 @@ of the same kind; for example, if you specify \fB\-L\fR more than once, the directories are searched in the order specified. .PP Many options have long names starting with \fB\-f\fR or with -\&\fB\-W\fR\-\-\-for example, \fB\-fforce-mem\fR, -\&\fB\-fstrength-reduce\fR, \fB\-Wformat\fR and so on. Most of +\&\fB\-W\fR\-\-\-for example, \fB\-fforce\-mem\fR, +\&\fB\-fstrength\-reduce\fR, \fB\-Wformat\fR and so on. Most of these have both positive and negative forms; the negative form of -\&\fB\-ffoo\fR would be \fB\-fno-foo\fR. This manual documents +\&\fB\-ffoo\fR would be \fB\-fno\-foo\fR. This manual documents only one of these two forms, whichever one is not the default. .SH "OPTIONS" .IX Header "OPTIONS" @@ -194,623 +184,645 @@ only one of these two forms, whichever one is not the default. .IX Subsection "Option Summary" Here is a summary of all the options, grouped by type. Explanations are in the following sections. -.Ip "\fIOverall Options\fR" 4 +.IP "\fIOverall Options\fR" 4 .IX Item "Overall Options" -\&\fB\-c \-S \-E \-o\fR \fIfile\fR \fB\-pipe \-pass-exit-codes \-x\fR \fIlanguage\fR -\&\fB\-v \-### \-\-help \-\-target-help \-\-version\fR -.Ip "\fIC Language Options\fR" 4 +\&\fB\-c \-S \-E \-o\fR \fIfile\fR \fB\-pipe \-pass\-exit\-codes +\&\-x\fR \fIlanguage\fR \fB\-v \-### \-\-help \-\-target\-help \-\-version\fR +.IP "\fIC Language Options\fR" 4 .IX Item "C Language Options" -\&\fB\-ansi \-std=\fR\fIstandard\fR \fB\-aux-info\fR \fIfilename\fR -\&\fB\-fno-asm \-fno-builtin \-fno-builtin-\fR\fIfunction\fR -\&\fB\-fhosted \-ffreestanding -\&\-trigraphs \-no-integrated-cpp \-traditional \-traditional-cpp -\&\-fallow-single-precision \-fcond-mismatch -\&\-fsigned-bitfields \-fsigned-char -\&\-funsigned-bitfields \-funsigned-char -\&\-fwritable-strings\fR -.Ip "\fI\*(C+ Language Options\fR" 4 +\&\fB\-ansi \-std=\fR\fIstandard\fR \fB\-aux\-info\fR \fIfilename\fR +\&\fB\-fno\-asm \-fno\-builtin \-fno\-builtin\-\fR\fIfunction\fR +\&\fB\-fhosted \-ffreestanding \-fms\-extensions +\&\-trigraphs \-no\-integrated\-cpp \-traditional \-traditional\-cpp +\&\-fallow\-single\-precision \-fcond\-mismatch +\&\-fsigned\-bitfields \-fsigned\-char +\&\-funsigned\-bitfields \-funsigned\-char +\&\-fwritable\-strings\fR +.IP "\fI\*(C+ Language Options\fR" 4 .IX Item " Language Options" -\&\fB\-fno-access-control \-fcheck-new \-fconserve-space -\&\-fno-const-strings \-fdollars-in-identifiers -\&\-fno-elide-constructors -\&\-fno-enforce-eh-specs \-fexternal-templates -\&\-falt-external-templates -\&\-ffor-scope \-fno-for-scope \-fno-gnu-keywords -\&\-fno-implicit-templates -\&\-fno-implicit-inline-templates -\&\-fno-implement-inlines \-fms-extensions -\&\-fno-nonansi-builtins \-fno-operator-names -\&\-fno-optional-diags \-fpermissive -\&\-frepo \-fno-rtti \-fstats \-ftemplate-depth-\fR\fIn\fR -\&\fB\-fuse-cxa-atexit \-fvtable-gc \-fno-weak \-nostdinc++ -\&\-fno-default-inline \-Wabi \-Wctor-dtor-privacy -\&\-Wnon-virtual-dtor \-Wreorder -\&\-Weffc++ \-Wno-deprecated -\&\-Wno-non-template-friend \-Wold-style-cast -\&\-Woverloaded-virtual \-Wno-pmf-conversions -\&\-Wsign-promo \-Wsynth\fR -.Ip "\fIObjective-C Language Options\fR" 4 +\&\fB\-fabi\-version=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-fno\-access\-control \-fcheck\-new +\&\-fconserve\-space \-fno\-const\-strings +\&\-fno\-elide\-constructors +\&\-fno\-enforce\-eh\-specs +\&\-ffor\-scope \-fno\-for\-scope \-fno\-gnu\-keywords +\&\-fno\-implicit\-templates +\&\-fno\-implicit\-inline\-templates +\&\-fno\-implement\-inlines \-fms\-extensions +\&\-fno\-nonansi\-builtins \-fno\-operator\-names +\&\-fno\-optional\-diags \-fpermissive +\&\-frepo \-fno\-rtti \-fstats \-ftemplate\-depth\-\fR\fIn\fR +\&\fB\-fuse\-cxa\-atexit \-fno\-weak \-nostdinc++ +\&\-fno\-default\-inline \-Wabi \-Wctor\-dtor\-privacy +\&\-Wnon\-virtual\-dtor \-Wreorder +\&\-Weffc++ \-Wno\-deprecated +\&\-Wno\-non\-template\-friend \-Wold\-style\-cast +\&\-Woverloaded\-virtual \-Wno\-pmf\-conversions +\&\-Wsign\-promo\fR +.IP "\fIObjective-C Language Options\fR" 4 .IX Item "Objective-C Language Options" -\&\fB\-fconstant-string-class=\fR\fIclass-name\fR -\&\fB\-fgnu-runtime \-fnext-runtime \-gen-decls -\&\-Wno-protocol \-Wselector\fR -.Ip "\fILanguage Independent Options\fR" 4 +\&\fB\-fconstant\-string\-class=\fR\fIclass-name\fR +\&\fB\-fgnu\-runtime \-fnext\-runtime +\&\-fno\-nil\-receivers +\&\-fobjc\-exceptions +\&\-freplace\-objc\-classes +\&\-fzero\-link +\&\-gen\-decls +\&\-Wno\-protocol \-Wselector \-Wundeclared\-selector\fR +.IP "\fILanguage Independent Options\fR" 4 .IX Item "Language Independent Options" -\&\fB\-fmessage-length=\fR\fIn\fR -\&\fB\-fdiagnostics-show-location=\fR[\fBonce\fR|\fBevery-line\fR] -.Ip "\fIWarning Options\fR" 4 +\&\fB\-fmessage\-length=\fR\fIn\fR +\&\fB\-fdiagnostics\-show\-location=\fR[\fBonce\fR|\fBevery-line\fR] +.IP "\fIWarning Options\fR" 4 .IX Item "Warning Options" -\&\fB\-fsyntax-only \-pedantic \-pedantic-errors -\&\-w \-W \-Wall \-Waggregate-return -\&\-Wcast-align \-Wcast-qual \-Wchar-subscripts \-Wcomment -\&\-Wconversion \-Wno-deprecated-declarations -\&\-Wdisabled-optimization \-Wdiv-by-zero \-Werror -\&\-Wfloat-equal \-Wformat \-Wformat=2 -\&\-Wformat-nonliteral \-Wformat-security -\&\-Wimplicit \-Wimplicit-int -\&\-Wimplicit-function-declaration -\&\-Werror-implicit-function-declaration -\&\-Wimport \-Winline -\&\-Wlarger-than-\fR\fIlen\fR \fB\-Wlong-long -\&\-Wmain \-Wmissing-braces -\&\-Wmissing-format-attribute \-Wmissing-noreturn -\&\-Wmultichar \-Wno-format-extra-args \-Wno-format-y2k -\&\-Wno-import \-Wpacked \-Wpadded -\&\-Wparentheses \-Wpointer-arith \-Wredundant-decls -\&\-Wreturn-type \-Wsequence-point \-Wshadow -\&\-Wsign-compare \-Wswitch \-Wsystem-headers -\&\-Wtrigraphs \-Wundef \-Wuninitialized -\&\-Wunknown-pragmas \-Wunreachable-code -\&\-Wunused \-Wunused-function \-Wunused-label \-Wunused-parameter -\&\-Wunused-value \-Wunused-variable \-Wwrite-strings\fR -.Ip "\fIC-only Warning Options\fR" 4 +\&\fB\-fsyntax\-only \-pedantic \-pedantic\-errors +\&\-w \-Wextra \-Wall \-Waggregate\-return +\&\-Wcast\-align \-Wcast\-qual \-Wchar\-subscripts \-Wcomment +\&\-Wconversion \-Wno\-deprecated\-declarations +\&\-Wdisabled\-optimization \-Wno\-div\-by\-zero \-Wendif\-labels +\&\-Werror \-Werror\-implicit\-function\-declaration +\&\-Wfloat\-equal \-Wformat \-Wformat=2 +\&\-Wno\-format\-extra\-args \-Wformat\-nonliteral +\&\-Wformat\-security \-Wformat\-y2k +\&\-Wimplicit \-Wimplicit\-function\-declaration \-Wimplicit\-int +\&\-Wimport \-Wno\-import \-Winit\-self \-Winline +\&\-Wno\-invalid\-offsetof \-Winvalid\-pch +\&\-Wlarger\-than\-\fR\fIlen\fR \fB\-Wlong\-long +\&\-Wmain \-Wmissing\-braces +\&\-Wmissing\-format\-attribute \-Wmissing\-noreturn +\&\-Wno\-multichar \-Wnonnull \-Wpacked \-Wpadded +\&\-Wparentheses \-Wpointer\-arith \-Wredundant\-decls +\&\-Wreturn\-type \-Wsequence\-point \-Wshadow +\&\-Wsign\-compare \-Wstrict\-aliasing +\&\-Wswitch \-Wswitch\-default \-Wswitch\-enum +\&\-Wsystem\-headers \-Wtrigraphs \-Wundef \-Wuninitialized +\&\-Wunknown\-pragmas \-Wunreachable\-code +\&\-Wunused \-Wunused\-function \-Wunused\-label \-Wunused\-parameter +\&\-Wunused\-value \-Wunused\-variable \-Wwrite\-strings\fR +.IP "\fIC\-only Warning Options\fR" 4 .IX Item "C-only Warning Options" -\&\fB\-Wbad-function-cast \-Wmissing-declarations -\&\-Wmissing-prototypes \-Wnested-externs -\&\-Wstrict-prototypes \-Wtraditional\fR -.Ip "\fIDebugging Options\fR" 4 +\&\fB\-Wbad\-function\-cast \-Wmissing\-declarations +\&\-Wmissing\-prototypes \-Wnested\-externs \-Wold\-style\-definition +\&\-Wstrict\-prototypes \-Wtraditional +\&\-Wdeclaration\-after\-statement\fR +.IP "\fIDebugging Options\fR" 4 .IX Item "Debugging Options" \&\fB\-d\fR\fIletters\fR \fB\-dumpspecs \-dumpmachine \-dumpversion -\&\-fdump-unnumbered \-fdump-translation-unit\fR[\fB-\fR\fIn\fR] -\&\fB\-fdump-class-hierarchy\fR[\fB-\fR\fIn\fR] -\&\fB\-fdump-tree-original\fR[\fB-\fR\fIn\fR] \fB\-fdump-tree-optimized\fR[\fB-\fR\fIn\fR] -\&\fB\-fdump-tree-inlined\fR[\fB-\fR\fIn\fR] -\&\fB\-fmem-report \-fpretend-float -\&\-fprofile-arcs \-fsched-verbose=\fR\fIn\fR -\&\fB\-ftest-coverage \-ftime-report -\&\-g \-g\fR\fIlevel\fR \fB\-gcoff \-gdwarf \-gdwarf-1 \-gdwarf-1+ \-gdwarf-2 +\&\-fdump\-unnumbered \-fdump\-translation\-unit\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIn\fR] +\&\fB\-fdump\-class\-hierarchy\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIn\fR] +\&\fB\-fdump\-tree\-original\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIn\fR] +\&\fB\-fdump\-tree\-optimized\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIn\fR] +\&\fB\-fdump\-tree\-inlined\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIn\fR] +\&\fB\-feliminate\-dwarf2\-dups \-feliminate\-unused\-debug\-types +\&\-feliminate\-unused\-debug\-symbols \-fmem\-report \-fprofile\-arcs +\&\-frandom\-seed=\fR\fIstring\fR \fB\-fsched\-verbose=\fR\fIn\fR +\&\fB\-ftest\-coverage \-ftime\-report +\&\-g \-g\fR\fIlevel\fR \fB\-gcoff \-gdwarf\-2 \&\-ggdb \-gstabs \-gstabs+ \-gvms \-gxcoff \-gxcoff+ -\&\-p \-pg \-print-file-name=\fR\fIlibrary\fR \fB\-print-libgcc-file-name -\&\-print-multi-directory \-print-multi-lib -\&\-print-prog-name=\fR\fIprogram\fR \fB\-print-search-dirs \-Q -\&\-save-temps \-time\fR -.Ip "\fIOptimization Options\fR" 4 +\&\-p \-pg \-print\-file\-name=\fR\fIlibrary\fR \fB\-print\-libgcc\-file\-name +\&\-print\-multi\-directory \-print\-multi\-lib +\&\-print\-prog\-name=\fR\fIprogram\fR \fB\-print\-search\-dirs \-Q +\&\-save\-temps \-time\fR +.IP "\fIOptimization Options\fR" 4 .IX Item "Optimization Options" -\&\fB\-falign-functions=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-falign-jumps=\fR\fIn\fR -\&\fB\-falign-labels=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-falign-loops=\fR\fIn\fR -\&\fB\-fbounds-check -\&\-fbranch-probabilities \-fcaller-saves \-fcprop-registers -\&\-fcse-follow-jumps \-fcse-skip-blocks \-fdata-sections -\&\-fdelayed-branch \-fdelete-null-pointer-checks -\&\-fexpensive-optimizations \-ffast-math \-ffloat-store -\&\-fforce-addr \-fforce-mem \-ffunction-sections -\&\-fgcse \-fgcse-lm \-fgcse-sm -\&\-finline-functions \-finline-limit=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-fkeep-inline-functions -\&\-fkeep-static-consts \-fmerge-constants \-fmerge-all-constants -\&\-fmove-all-movables \-fno-branch-count-reg -\&\-fno-default-inline \-fno-defer-pop -\&\-fno-function-cse \-fno-guess-branch-probability -\&\-fno-inline \-fno-math-errno \-fno-peephole \-fno-peephole2 -\&\-funsafe-math-optimizations \-fno-trapping-math -\&\-fomit-frame-pointer \-foptimize-register-move -\&\-foptimize-sibling-calls \-fprefetch-loop-arrays -\&\-freduce-all-givs \-fregmove \-frename-registers -\&\-frerun-cse-after-loop \-frerun-loop-opt -\&\-fschedule-insns \-fschedule-insns2 -\&\-fno-sched-interblock \-fno-sched-spec -\&\-fsched-spec-load \-fsched-spec-load-dangerous -\&\-fsingle-precision-constant \-fssa \-fssa-ccp \-fssa-dce -\&\-fstrength-reduce \-fstrict-aliasing \-fthread-jumps -\&\-ftrapv \-funroll-all-loops \-funroll-loops +\&\fB\-falign\-functions=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-falign\-jumps=\fR\fIn\fR +\&\fB\-falign\-labels=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-falign\-loops=\fR\fIn\fR +\&\fB\-fbranch\-probabilities \-fprofile\-values \-fvpt \-fbranch\-target\-load\-optimize +\&\-fbranch\-target\-load\-optimize2 \-fcaller\-saves \-fcprop\-registers +\&\-fcse\-follow\-jumps \-fcse\-skip\-blocks \-fdata\-sections +\&\-fdelayed\-branch \-fdelete\-null\-pointer\-checks +\&\-fexpensive\-optimizations \-ffast\-math \-ffloat\-store +\&\-fforce\-addr \-fforce\-mem \-ffunction\-sections +\&\-fgcse \-fgcse\-lm \-fgcse\-sm \-fgcse\-las \-floop\-optimize +\&\-fcrossjumping \-fif\-conversion \-fif\-conversion2 +\&\-finline\-functions \-finline\-limit=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-fkeep\-inline\-functions +\&\-fkeep\-static\-consts \-fmerge\-constants \-fmerge\-all\-constants +\&\-fmove\-all\-movables \-fnew\-ra \-fno\-branch\-count\-reg +\&\-fno\-default\-inline \-fno\-defer\-pop +\&\-fno\-function\-cse \-fno\-guess\-branch\-probability +\&\-fno\-inline \-fno\-math\-errno \-fno\-peephole \-fno\-peephole2 +\&\-funsafe\-math\-optimizations \-ffinite\-math\-only +\&\-fno\-trapping\-math \-fno\-zero\-initialized\-in\-bss +\&\-fomit\-frame\-pointer \-foptimize\-register\-move +\&\-foptimize\-sibling\-calls \-fprefetch\-loop\-arrays +\&\-fprofile\-generate \-fprofile\-use +\&\-freduce\-all\-givs \-fregmove \-frename\-registers +\&\-freorder\-blocks \-freorder\-functions +\&\-frerun\-cse\-after\-loop \-frerun\-loop\-opt +\&\-frounding\-math \-fschedule\-insns \-fschedule\-insns2 +\&\-fno\-sched\-interblock \-fno\-sched\-spec \-fsched\-spec\-load +\&\-fsched\-spec\-load\-dangerous +\&\-fsched\-stalled\-insns=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-sched\-stalled\-insns\-dep=\fR\fIn\fR +\&\fB\-fsched2\-use\-superblocks +\&\-fsched2\-use\-traces \-fsignaling\-nans +\&\-fsingle\-precision\-constant +\&\-fstrength\-reduce \-fstrict\-aliasing \-ftracer \-fthread\-jumps +\&\-funroll\-all\-loops \-funroll\-loops \-fpeel\-loops +\&\-funswitch\-loops \-fold\-unroll\-loops \-fold\-unroll\-all\-loops \&\-\-param\fR \fIname\fR\fB=\fR\fIvalue\fR \&\fB\-O \-O0 \-O1 \-O2 \-O3 \-Os\fR -.Ip "\fIPreprocessor Options\fR" 4 +.IP "\fIPreprocessor Options\fR" 4 .IX Item "Preprocessor Options" -\&\fB\-$ \-A\fR\fIquestion\fR\fB=\fR\fIanswer\fR \fB\-A-\fR\fIquestion\fR[\fB=\fR\fIanswer\fR] +\&\fB\-A\fR\fIquestion\fR\fB=\fR\fIanswer\fR +\&\fB\-A\-\fR\fIquestion\fR[\fB=\fR\fIanswer\fR] \&\fB\-C \-dD \-dI \-dM \-dN \&\-D\fR\fImacro\fR[\fB=\fR\fIdefn\fR] \fB\-E \-H \&\-idirafter\fR \fIdir\fR \&\fB\-include\fR \fIfile\fR \fB\-imacros\fR \fIfile\fR \&\fB\-iprefix\fR \fIfile\fR \fB\-iwithprefix\fR \fIdir\fR \&\fB\-iwithprefixbefore\fR \fIdir\fR \fB\-isystem\fR \fIdir\fR -\&\fB\-M \-MM \-MF \-MG \-MP \-MQ \-MT \-nostdinc \-P \-remap -\&\-trigraphs \-undef \-U\fR\fImacro\fR \fB\-Wp,\fR\fIoption\fR -.Ip "\fIAssembler Option\fR" 4 +\&\fB\-M \-MM \-MF \-MG \-MP \-MQ \-MT \-nostdinc +\&\-P \-fworking\-directory \-remap +\&\-trigraphs \-undef \-U\fR\fImacro\fR \fB\-Wp,\fR\fIoption\fR +\&\fB\-Xpreprocessor\fR \fIoption\fR +.IP "\fIAssembler Option\fR" 4 .IX Item "Assembler Option" -\&\fB\-Wa,\fR\fIoption\fR -.Ip "\fILinker Options\fR" 4 +\&\fB\-Wa,\fR\fIoption\fR \fB\-Xassembler\fR \fIoption\fR +.IP "\fILinker Options\fR" 4 .IX Item "Linker Options" -\&\fB -\&\fR\fIobject-file-name\fR \fB\-l\fR\fIlibrary\fR -\&\fB\-nostartfiles \-nodefaultlibs \-nostdlib -\&\-s \-static \-static-libgcc \-shared \-shared-libgcc \-symbolic +\&\fIobject-file-name\fR \fB\-l\fR\fIlibrary\fR +\&\fB\-nostartfiles \-nodefaultlibs \-nostdlib \-pie +\&\-s \-static \-static\-libgcc \-shared \-shared\-libgcc \-symbolic \&\-Wl,\fR\fIoption\fR \fB\-Xlinker\fR \fIoption\fR \&\fB\-u\fR \fIsymbol\fR -.Ip "\fIDirectory Options\fR" 4 +.IP "\fIDirectory Options\fR" 4 .IX Item "Directory Options" -\&\fB\-B\fR\fIprefix\fR \fB\-I\fR\fIdir\fR \fB\-I- \-L\fR\fIdir\fR \fB\-specs=\fR\fIfile\fR -.Ip "\fITarget Options\fR" 4 +\&\fB\-B\fR\fIprefix\fR \fB\-I\fR\fIdir\fR \fB\-I\- \-L\fR\fIdir\fR \fB\-specs=\fR\fIfile\fR +.IP "\fITarget Options\fR" 4 .IX Item "Target Options" -\&\fB\-b\fR \fImachine\fR \fB\-V\fR \fIversion\fR -.Ip "\fIMachine Dependent Options\fR" 4 +\&\fB\-V\fR \fIversion\fR \fB\-b\fR \fImachine\fR +.IP "\fIMachine Dependent Options\fR" 4 .IX Item "Machine Dependent Options" \&\fIM680x0 Options\fR -.Sp \&\fB\-m68000 \-m68020 \-m68020\-40 \-m68020\-60 \-m68030 \-m68040 \&\-m68060 \-mcpu32 \-m5200 \-m68881 \-mbitfield \-mc68000 \-mc68020 -\&\-mfpa \-mnobitfield \-mrtd \-mshort \-msoft-float \-mpcrel -\&\-malign-int \-mstrict-align\fR +\&\-mnobitfield \-mrtd \-mshort \-msoft\-float \-mpcrel +\&\-malign\-int \-mstrict\-align \-msep\-data \-mno\-sep\-data +\&\-mshared\-library\-id=n \-mid\-shared\-library \-mno\-id\-shared\-library\fR .Sp \&\fIM68hc1x Options\fR -.Sp -\&\fB\-m6811 \-m6812 \-m68hc11 \-m68hc12 -\&\-mauto-incdec \-mshort \-msoft-reg-count=\fR\fIcount\fR +\&\fB\-m6811 \-m6812 \-m68hc11 \-m68hc12 \-m68hcs12 +\&\-mauto\-incdec \-minmax \-mlong\-calls \-mshort +\&\-msoft\-reg\-count=\fR\fIcount\fR .Sp \&\fI\s-1VAX\s0 Options\fR -.Sp \&\fB\-mg \-mgnu \-munix\fR .Sp \&\fI\s-1SPARC\s0 Options\fR -.Sp \&\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR \&\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR \&\fB\-mcmodel=\fR\fIcode-model\fR -\&\fB\-m32 \-m64 -\&\-mapp-regs \-mbroken-saverestore \-mcypress -\&\-mfaster-structs \-mflat -\&\-mfpu \-mhard-float \-mhard-quad-float -\&\-mimpure-text \-mlive-g0 \-mno-app-regs -\&\-mno-faster-structs \-mno-flat \-mno-fpu -\&\-mno-impure-text \-mno-stack-bias \-mno-unaligned-doubles -\&\-msoft-float \-msoft-quad-float \-msparclite \-mstack-bias -\&\-msupersparc \-munaligned-doubles \-mv8\fR -.Sp -\&\fIConvex Options\fR -.Sp -\&\fB\-mc1 \-mc2 \-mc32 \-mc34 \-mc38 -\&\-margcount \-mnoargcount -\&\-mlong32 \-mlong64 -\&\-mvolatile-cache \-mvolatile-nocache\fR -.Sp -\&\fI\s-1AMD29K\s0 Options\fR -.Sp -\&\fB\-m29000 \-m29050 \-mbw \-mnbw \-mdw \-mndw -\&\-mlarge \-mnormal \-msmall -\&\-mkernel-registers \-mno-reuse-arg-regs -\&\-mno-stack-check \-mno-storem-bug -\&\-mreuse-arg-regs \-msoft-float \-mstack-check -\&\-mstorem-bug \-muser-registers\fR +\&\fB\-m32 \-m64 \-mapp\-regs \-mno\-app\-regs +\&\-mfaster\-structs \-mno\-faster\-structs +\&\-mflat \-mno\-flat \-mfpu \-mno\-fpu +\&\-mhard\-float \-msoft\-float +\&\-mhard\-quad\-float \-msoft\-quad\-float +\&\-mimpure\-text \-mno\-impure\-text \-mlittle\-endian +\&\-mstack\-bias \-mno\-stack\-bias +\&\-munaligned\-doubles \-mno\-unaligned\-doubles +\&\-mv8plus \-mno\-v8plus \-mvis \-mno\-vis +\&\-mcypress \-mf930 \-mf934 +\&\-msparclite \-msupersparc \-mv8 +\&\-threads \-pthreads\fR .Sp \&\fI\s-1ARM\s0 Options\fR -.Sp -\&\fB\-mapcs-frame \-mno-apcs-frame -\&\-mapcs-26 \-mapcs-32 -\&\-mapcs-stack-check \-mno-apcs-stack-check -\&\-mapcs-float \-mno-apcs-float -\&\-mapcs-reentrant \-mno-apcs-reentrant -\&\-msched-prolog \-mno-sched-prolog -\&\-mlittle-endian \-mbig-endian \-mwords-little-endian -\&\-malignment-traps \-mno-alignment-traps -\&\-msoft-float \-mhard-float \-mfpe -\&\-mthumb-interwork \-mno-thumb-interwork +\&\fB\-mapcs\-frame \-mno\-apcs\-frame +\&\-mapcs\-26 \-mapcs\-32 +\&\-mapcs\-stack\-check \-mno\-apcs\-stack\-check +\&\-mapcs\-float \-mno\-apcs\-float +\&\-mapcs\-reentrant \-mno\-apcs\-reentrant +\&\-msched\-prolog \-mno\-sched\-prolog +\&\-mlittle\-endian \-mbig\-endian \-mwords\-little\-endian +\&\-malignment\-traps \-mno\-alignment\-traps +\&\-msoft\-float \-mhard\-float \-mfpe +\&\-mthumb\-interwork \-mno\-thumb\-interwork \&\-mcpu=\fR\fIname\fR \fB\-march=\fR\fIname\fR \fB\-mfpe=\fR\fIname\fR -\&\fB\-mstructure-size-boundary=\fR\fIn\fR -\&\fB\-mbsd \-mxopen \-mno-symrename -\&\-mabort-on-noreturn -\&\-mlong-calls \-mno-long-calls -\&\-msingle-pic-base \-mno-single-pic-base -\&\-mpic-register=\fR\fIreg\fR -\&\fB\-mnop-fun-dllimport -\&\-mpoke-function-name +\&\fB\-mstructure\-size\-boundary=\fR\fIn\fR +\&\fB\-mabort\-on\-noreturn +\&\-mlong\-calls \-mno\-long\-calls +\&\-msingle\-pic\-base \-mno\-single\-pic\-base +\&\-mpic\-register=\fR\fIreg\fR +\&\fB\-mnop\-fun\-dllimport +\&\-mcirrus\-fix\-invalid\-insns \-mno\-cirrus\-fix\-invalid\-insns +\&\-mpoke\-function\-name \&\-mthumb \-marm -\&\-mtpcs-frame \-mtpcs-leaf-frame -\&\-mcaller-super-interworking \-mcallee-super-interworking\fR -.Sp -\&\fI\s-1MN10200\s0 Options\fR -.Sp -\&\fB\-mrelax\fR +\&\-mtpcs\-frame \-mtpcs\-leaf\-frame +\&\-mcaller\-super\-interworking \-mcallee\-super\-interworking\fR .Sp \&\fI\s-1MN10300\s0 Options\fR -.Sp -\&\fB\-mmult-bug \-mno-mult-bug -\&\-mam33 \-mno-am33 -\&\-mno-crt0 \-mrelax\fR +\&\fB\-mmult\-bug \-mno\-mult\-bug +\&\-mam33 \-mno\-am33 +\&\-mam33\-2 \-mno\-am33\-2 +\&\-mno\-crt0 \-mrelax\fR .Sp \&\fIM32R/D Options\fR -.Sp -\&\fB\-m32rx \-m32r \-mcode-model=\fR\fImodel-type\fR \fB\-msdata=\fR\fIsdata-type\fR +\&\fB\-m32r2 \-m32rx \-m32r +\&\-mdebug +\&\-malign\-loops \-mno\-align\-loops +\&\-missue\-rate=\fR\fInumber\fR +\&\fB\-mbranch\-cost=\fR\fInumber\fR +\&\fB\-mmodel=\fR\fIcode-size-model-type\fR +\&\fB\-msdata=\fR\fIsdata-type\fR +\&\fB\-mno\-flush\-func \-mflush\-func=\fR\fIname\fR +\&\fB\-mno\-flush\-trap \-mflush\-trap=\fR\fInumber\fR \&\fB\-G\fR \fInum\fR .Sp -\&\fIM88K Options\fR -.Sp -\&\fB\-m88000 \-m88100 \-m88110 \-mbig-pic -\&\-mcheck-zero-division \-mhandle-large-shift -\&\-midentify-revision \-mno-check-zero-division -\&\-mno-ocs-debug-info \-mno-ocs-frame-position -\&\-mno-optimize-arg-area \-mno-serialize-volatile -\&\-mno-underscores \-mocs-debug-info -\&\-mocs-frame-position \-moptimize-arg-area -\&\-mserialize-volatile \-mshort-data-\fR\fInum\fR \fB\-msvr3 -\&\-msvr4 \-mtrap-large-shift \-muse-div-instruction -\&\-mversion-03.00 \-mwarn-passed-structs\fR -.Sp \&\fI\s-1RS/6000\s0 and PowerPC Options\fR -.Sp \&\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR \&\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR -\&\fB\-mpower \-mno-power \-mpower2 \-mno-power2 -\&\-mpowerpc \-mpowerpc64 \-mno-powerpc -\&\-maltivec \-mno-altivec -\&\-mpowerpc-gpopt \-mno-powerpc-gpopt -\&\-mpowerpc-gfxopt \-mno-powerpc-gfxopt -\&\-mnew-mnemonics \-mold-mnemonics -\&\-mfull-toc \-mminimal-toc \-mno-fp-in-toc \-mno-sum-in-toc -\&\-m64 \-m32 \-mxl-call \-mno-xl-call \-mpe -\&\-msoft-float \-mhard-float \-mmultiple \-mno-multiple -\&\-mstring \-mno-string \-mupdate \-mno-update -\&\-mfused-madd \-mno-fused-madd \-mbit-align \-mno-bit-align -\&\-mstrict-align \-mno-strict-align \-mrelocatable -\&\-mno-relocatable \-mrelocatable-lib \-mno-relocatable-lib -\&\-mtoc \-mno-toc \-mlittle \-mlittle-endian \-mbig \-mbig-endian -\&\-mcall-aix \-mcall-sysv \-mcall-netbsd -\&\-maix-struct-return \-msvr4\-struct-return -\&\-mabi=altivec \-mabi=no-altivec -\&\-mprototype \-mno-prototype -\&\-msim \-mmvme \-mads \-myellowknife \-memb \-msdata -\&\-msdata=\fR\fIopt\fR \fB\-mvxworks \-G\fR \fInum\fR \fB\-pthread\fR +\&\fB\-mpower \-mno\-power \-mpower2 \-mno\-power2 +\&\-mpowerpc \-mpowerpc64 \-mno\-powerpc +\&\-maltivec \-mno\-altivec +\&\-mpowerpc\-gpopt \-mno\-powerpc\-gpopt +\&\-mpowerpc\-gfxopt \-mno\-powerpc\-gfxopt +\&\-mnew\-mnemonics \-mold\-mnemonics +\&\-mfull\-toc \-mminimal\-toc \-mno\-fp\-in\-toc \-mno\-sum\-in\-toc +\&\-m64 \-m32 \-mxl\-compat \-mno\-xl\-compat \-mpe +\&\-malign\-power \-malign\-natural +\&\-msoft\-float \-mhard\-float \-mmultiple \-mno\-multiple +\&\-mstring \-mno\-string \-mupdate \-mno\-update +\&\-mfused\-madd \-mno\-fused\-madd \-mbit\-align \-mno\-bit\-align +\&\-mstrict\-align \-mno\-strict\-align \-mrelocatable +\&\-mno\-relocatable \-mrelocatable\-lib \-mno\-relocatable\-lib +\&\-mtoc \-mno\-toc \-mlittle \-mlittle\-endian \-mbig \-mbig\-endian +\&\-mdynamic\-no\-pic +\&\-mprioritize\-restricted\-insns=\fR\fIpriority\fR +\&\fB\-msched\-costly\-dep=\fR\fIdependence_type\fR +\&\fB\-minsert\-sched\-nops=\fR\fIscheme\fR +\&\fB\-mcall\-sysv \-mcall\-netbsd +\&\-maix\-struct\-return \-msvr4\-struct\-return +\&\-mabi=altivec \-mabi=no\-altivec +\&\-mabi=spe \-mabi=no\-spe +\&\-misel=yes \-misel=no +\&\-mspe=yes \-mspe=no +\&\-mfloat\-gprs=yes \-mfloat\-gprs=no +\&\-mprototype \-mno\-prototype +\&\-msim \-mmvme \-mads \-myellowknife \-memb \-msdata +\&\-msdata=\fR\fIopt\fR \fB\-mvxworks \-mwindiss \-G\fR \fInum\fR \fB\-pthread\fR .Sp -\&\fI\s-1RT\s0 Options\fR -.Sp -\&\fB\-mcall-lib-mul \-mfp-arg-in-fpregs \-mfp-arg-in-gregs -\&\-mfull-fp-blocks \-mhc-struct-return \-min-line-mul -\&\-mminimum-fp-blocks \-mnohc-struct-return\fR +\&\fIDarwin Options\fR +\&\fB\-all_load \-allowable_client \-arch \-arch_errors_fatal +\&\-arch_only \-bind_at_load \-bundle \-bundle_loader +\&\-client_name \-compatibility_version \-current_version +\&\-dependency\-file \-dylib_file \-dylinker_install_name +\&\-dynamic \-dynamiclib \-exported_symbols_list +\&\-filelist \-flat_namespace \-force_cpusubtype_ALL +\&\-force_flat_namespace \-headerpad_max_install_names +\&\-image_base \-init \-install_name \-keep_private_externs +\&\-multi_module \-multiply_defined \-multiply_defined_unused +\&\-noall_load \-nofixprebinding \-nomultidefs \-noprebind \-noseglinkedit +\&\-pagezero_size \-prebind \-prebind_all_twolevel_modules +\&\-private_bundle \-read_only_relocs \-sectalign +\&\-sectobjectsymbols \-whyload \-seg1addr +\&\-sectcreate \-sectobjectsymbols \-sectorder +\&\-seg_addr_table \-seg_addr_table_filename \-seglinkedit +\&\-segprot \-segs_read_only_addr \-segs_read_write_addr +\&\-single_module \-static \-sub_library \-sub_umbrella +\&\-twolevel_namespace \-umbrella \-undefined +\&\-unexported_symbols_list \-weak_reference_mismatches +\&\-whatsloaded\fR .Sp \&\fI\s-1MIPS\s0 Options\fR -.Sp -\&\fB\-mabicalls \-march=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR \fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu=type\fR -\&\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR \fB\-membedded-data \-muninit-const-in-rodata -\&\-membedded-pic \-mfp32 \-mfp64 \-mfused-madd \-mno-fused-madd -\&\-mgas \-mgp32 \-mgp64 -\&\-mgpopt \-mhalf-pic \-mhard-float \-mint64 \-mips1 -\&\-mips2 \-mips3 \-mips4 \-mlong64 \-mlong32 \-mlong-calls \-mmemcpy -\&\-mmips-as \-mmips-tfile \-mno-abicalls -\&\-mno-embedded-data \-mno-uninit-const-in-rodata -\&\-mno-embedded-pic \-mno-gpopt \-mno-long-calls -\&\-mno-memcpy \-mno-mips-tfile \-mno-rnames \-mno-stats -\&\-mrnames \-msoft-float -\&\-m4650 \-msingle-float \-mmad -\&\-mstats \-EL \-EB \-G\fR \fInum\fR \fB\-nocpp -\&\-mabi=32 \-mabi=n32 \-mabi=64 \-mabi=eabi -\&\-mfix7000 \-mno-crt0 \-mflush-func=\fR\fIfunc\fR \fB\-mno-flush-func\fR +\&\fB\-EL \-EB \-march=\fR\fIarch\fR \fB\-mtune=\fR\fIarch\fR +\&\fB\-mips1 \-mips2 \-mips3 \-mips4 \-mips32 \-mips32r2 \-mips64 +\&\-mips16 \-mno\-mips16 \-mabi=\fR\fIabi\fR \fB\-mabicalls \-mno\-abicalls +\&\-mxgot \-mno\-xgot \-membedded\-pic \-mno\-embedded\-pic +\&\-mgp32 \-mgp64 \-mfp32 \-mfp64 \-mhard\-float \-msoft\-float +\&\-msingle\-float \-mdouble\-float \-mint64 \-mlong64 \-mlong32 +\&\-G\fR\fInum\fR \fB\-membedded\-data \-mno\-embedded\-data +\&\-muninit\-const\-in\-rodata \-mno\-uninit\-const\-in\-rodata +\&\-msplit\-addresses \-mno\-split\-addresses +\&\-mexplicit\-relocs \-mno\-explicit\-relocs +\&\-mrnames \-mno\-rnames +\&\-mcheck\-zero\-division \-mno\-check\-zero\-division +\&\-mmemcpy \-mno\-memcpy \-mlong\-calls \-mno\-long\-calls +\&\-mmad \-mno\-mad \-mfused\-madd \-mno\-fused\-madd \-nocpp +\&\-mfix\-sb1 \-mno\-fix\-sb1 \-mflush\-func=\fR\fIfunc\fR +\&\fB\-mno\-flush\-func \-mbranch\-likely \-mno\-branch\-likely\fR .Sp \&\fIi386 and x86\-64 Options\fR -.Sp -\&\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR \fB\-march=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR \fB\-mfpmath=\fR\fIunit\fR -\&\fB\-masm=\fR\fIdialect\fR \fB\-mno-fancy-math-387 -\&\-mno-fp-ret-in-387 \-msoft-float \-msvr3\-shlib -\&\-mno-wide-multiply \-mrtd \-malign-double -\&\-mpreferred-stack-boundary=\fR\fInum\fR -\&\fB\-mmmx \-msse \-msse2 \-m3dnow -\&\-mthreads \-mno-align-stringops \-minline-all-stringops -\&\-mpush-args \-maccumulate-outgoing-args \-m128bit-long-double -\&\-m96bit-long-double \-mregparm=\fR\fInum\fR \fB\-momit-leaf-frame-pointer -\&\-mno-red-zone +\&\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR \fB\-march=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR +\&\fB\-mfpmath=\fR\fIunit\fR +\&\fB\-masm=\fR\fIdialect\fR \fB\-mno\-fancy\-math\-387 +\&\-mno\-fp\-ret\-in\-387 \-msoft\-float \-msvr3\-shlib +\&\-mno\-wide\-multiply \-mrtd \-malign\-double +\&\-mpreferred\-stack\-boundary=\fR\fInum\fR +\&\fB\-mmmx \-msse \-msse2 \-msse3 \-m3dnow +\&\-mthreads \-mno\-align\-stringops \-minline\-all\-stringops +\&\-mpush\-args \-maccumulate\-outgoing\-args \-m128bit\-long\-double +\&\-m96bit\-long\-double \-mregparm=\fR\fInum\fR \fB\-momit\-leaf\-frame\-pointer +\&\-mno\-red\-zone \-mno\-tls\-direct\-seg\-refs \&\-mcmodel=\fR\fIcode-model\fR -\&\fB\-m32 \-m64\fR +\&\fB\-m32 \-m64\fR .Sp \&\fI\s-1HPPA\s0 Options\fR -.Sp \&\fB\-march=\fR\fIarchitecture-type\fR -\&\fB\-mbig-switch \-mdisable-fpregs \-mdisable-indexing -\&\-mfast-indirect-calls \-mgas \-mjump-in-delay -\&\-mlong-load-store \-mno-big-switch \-mno-disable-fpregs -\&\-mno-disable-indexing \-mno-fast-indirect-calls \-mno-gas -\&\-mno-jump-in-delay \-mno-long-load-store -\&\-mno-portable-runtime \-mno-soft-float -\&\-mno-space-regs \-msoft-float \-mpa-risc-1\-0 -\&\-mpa-risc-1\-1 \-mpa-risc-2\-0 \-mportable-runtime -\&\-mschedule=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR \fB\-mspace-regs\fR +\&\fB\-mbig\-switch \-mdisable\-fpregs \-mdisable\-indexing +\&\-mfast\-indirect\-calls \-mgas \-mgnu\-ld \-mhp\-ld +\&\-mjump\-in\-delay \-mlinker\-opt \-mlong\-calls +\&\-mlong\-load\-store \-mno\-big\-switch \-mno\-disable\-fpregs +\&\-mno\-disable\-indexing \-mno\-fast\-indirect\-calls \-mno\-gas +\&\-mno\-jump\-in\-delay \-mno\-long\-load\-store +\&\-mno\-portable\-runtime \-mno\-soft\-float +\&\-mno\-space\-regs \-msoft\-float \-mpa\-risc\-1\-0 +\&\-mpa\-risc\-1\-1 \-mpa\-risc\-2\-0 \-mportable\-runtime +\&\-mschedule=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR \fB\-mspace\-regs \-msio \-mwsio +\&\-nolibdld \-static \-threads\fR .Sp \&\fIIntel 960 Options\fR -.Sp -\&\fB\-m\fR\fIcpu-type\fR \fB\-masm-compat \-mclean-linkage -\&\-mcode-align \-mcomplex-addr \-mleaf-procedures -\&\-mic-compat \-mic2.0\-compat \-mic3.0\-compat -\&\-mintel-asm \-mno-clean-linkage \-mno-code-align -\&\-mno-complex-addr \-mno-leaf-procedures -\&\-mno-old-align \-mno-strict-align \-mno-tail-call -\&\-mnumerics \-mold-align \-msoft-float \-mstrict-align -\&\-mtail-call\fR +\&\fB\-m\fR\fIcpu-type\fR \fB\-masm\-compat \-mclean\-linkage +\&\-mcode\-align \-mcomplex\-addr \-mleaf\-procedures +\&\-mic\-compat \-mic2.0\-compat \-mic3.0\-compat +\&\-mintel\-asm \-mno\-clean\-linkage \-mno\-code\-align +\&\-mno\-complex\-addr \-mno\-leaf\-procedures +\&\-mno\-old\-align \-mno\-strict\-align \-mno\-tail\-call +\&\-mnumerics \-mold\-align \-msoft\-float \-mstrict\-align +\&\-mtail\-call\fR .Sp \&\fI\s-1DEC\s0 Alpha Options\fR -.Sp -\&\fB\-mno-fp-regs \-msoft-float \-malpha-as \-mgas -\&\-mieee \-mieee-with-inexact \-mieee-conformant -\&\-mfp-trap-mode=\fR\fImode\fR \fB\-mfp-rounding-mode=\fR\fImode\fR -\&\fB\-mtrap-precision=\fR\fImode\fR \fB\-mbuild-constants +\&\fB\-mno\-fp\-regs \-msoft\-float \-malpha\-as \-mgas +\&\-mieee \-mieee\-with\-inexact \-mieee\-conformant +\&\-mfp\-trap\-mode=\fR\fImode\fR \fB\-mfp\-rounding\-mode=\fR\fImode\fR +\&\fB\-mtrap\-precision=\fR\fImode\fR \fB\-mbuild\-constants \&\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR \fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR \&\fB\-mbwx \-mmax \-mfix \-mcix -\&\-mfloat-vax \-mfloat-ieee -\&\-mexplicit-relocs \-msmall-data \-mlarge-data -\&\-mmemory-latency=\fR\fItime\fR +\&\-mfloat\-vax \-mfloat\-ieee +\&\-mexplicit\-relocs \-msmall\-data \-mlarge\-data +\&\-msmall\-text \-mlarge\-text +\&\-mmemory\-latency=\fR\fItime\fR .Sp \&\fI\s-1DEC\s0 Alpha/VMS Options\fR -.Sp -\&\fB\-mvms-return-codes\fR -.Sp -\&\fIClipper Options\fR -.Sp -\&\fB\-mc300 \-mc400\fR +\&\fB\-mvms\-return\-codes\fR .Sp \&\fIH8/300 Options\fR -.Sp -\&\fB\-mrelax \-mh \-ms \-mint32 \-malign-300\fR +\&\fB\-mrelax \-mh \-ms \-mn \-mint32 \-malign\-300\fR .Sp \&\fI\s-1SH\s0 Options\fR -.Sp -\&\fB\-m1 \-m2 \-m3 \-m3e -\&\-m4\-nofpu \-m4\-single-only \-m4\-single \-m4 -\&\-m5\-64media \-m5\-64media-nofpu -\&\-m5\-32media \-m5\-32media-nofpu -\&\-m5\-compact \-m5\-compact-nofpu +\&\fB\-m1 \-m2 \-m2e \-m3 \-m3e +\&\-m4\-nofpu \-m4\-single\-only \-m4\-single \-m4 +\&\-m5\-64media \-m5\-64media\-nofpu +\&\-m5\-32media \-m5\-32media\-nofpu +\&\-m5\-compact \-m5\-compact\-nofpu \&\-mb \-ml \-mdalign \-mrelax \&\-mbigtable \-mfmovd \-mhitachi \-mnomacsave \&\-mieee \-misize \-mpadstruct \-mspace \&\-mprefergot \-musermode\fR .Sp \&\fISystem V Options\fR -.Sp \&\fB\-Qy \-Qn \-YP,\fR\fIpaths\fR \fB\-Ym,\fR\fIdir\fR .Sp \&\fI\s-1ARC\s0 Options\fR -.Sp \&\fB\-EB \-EL -\&\-mmangle-cpu \-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR \fB\-mtext=\fR\fItext-section\fR +\&\-mmangle\-cpu \-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR \fB\-mtext=\fR\fItext-section\fR \&\fB\-mdata=\fR\fIdata-section\fR \fB\-mrodata=\fR\fIreadonly-data-section\fR .Sp \&\fITMS320C3x/C4x Options\fR -.Sp \&\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR \fB\-mbig \-msmall \-mregparm \-mmemparm -\&\-mfast-fix \-mmpyi \-mbk \-mti \-mdp-isr-reload -\&\-mrpts=\fR\fIcount\fR \fB\-mrptb \-mdb \-mloop-unsigned -\&\-mparallel-insns \-mparallel-mpy \-mpreserve-float\fR +\&\-mfast\-fix \-mmpyi \-mbk \-mti \-mdp\-isr\-reload +\&\-mrpts=\fR\fIcount\fR \fB\-mrptb \-mdb \-mloop\-unsigned +\&\-mparallel\-insns \-mparallel\-mpy \-mpreserve\-float\fR .Sp \&\fIV850 Options\fR -.Sp -\&\fB\-mlong-calls \-mno-long-calls \-mep \-mno-ep -\&\-mprolog-function \-mno-prolog-function \-mspace +\&\fB\-mlong\-calls \-mno\-long\-calls \-mep \-mno\-ep +\&\-mprolog\-function \-mno\-prolog\-function \-mspace \&\-mtda=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-msda=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-mzda=\fR\fIn\fR -\&\fB\-mv850 \-mbig-switch\fR +\&\fB\-mapp\-regs \-mno\-app\-regs +\&\-mdisable\-callt \-mno\-disable\-callt +\&\-mv850e1 +\&\-mv850e +\&\-mv850 \-mbig\-switch\fR .Sp \&\fI\s-1NS32K\s0 Options\fR -.Sp \&\fB\-m32032 \-m32332 \-m32532 \-m32081 \-m32381 -\&\-mmult-add \-mnomult-add \-msoft-float \-mrtd \-mnortd +\&\-mmult\-add \-mnomult\-add \-msoft\-float \-mrtd \-mnortd \&\-mregparam \-mnoregparam \-msb \-mnosb \&\-mbitfield \-mnobitfield \-mhimem \-mnohimem\fR .Sp \&\fI\s-1AVR\s0 Options\fR -.Sp -\&\fB\-mmcu=\fR\fImcu\fR \fB\-msize \-minit-stack=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-mno-interrupts -\&\-mcall-prologues \-mno-tablejump \-mtiny-stack\fR +\&\fB\-mmcu=\fR\fImcu\fR \fB\-msize \-minit\-stack=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-mno\-interrupts +\&\-mcall\-prologues \-mno\-tablejump \-mtiny\-stack\fR .Sp \&\fIMCore Options\fR -.Sp -\&\fB\-mhardlit \-mno-hardlit \-mdiv \-mno-div \-mrelax-immediates -\&\-mno-relax-immediates \-mwide-bitfields \-mno-wide-bitfields -\&\-m4byte-functions \-mno-4byte-functions \-mcallgraph-data -\&\-mno-callgraph-data \-mslow-bytes \-mno-slow-bytes \-mno-lsim -\&\-mlittle-endian \-mbig-endian \-m210 \-m340 \-mstack-increment\fR +\&\fB\-mhardlit \-mno\-hardlit \-mdiv \-mno\-div \-mrelax\-immediates +\&\-mno\-relax\-immediates \-mwide\-bitfields \-mno\-wide\-bitfields +\&\-m4byte\-functions \-mno\-4byte\-functions \-mcallgraph\-data +\&\-mno\-callgraph\-data \-mslow\-bytes \-mno\-slow\-bytes \-mno\-lsim +\&\-mlittle\-endian \-mbig\-endian \-m210 \-m340 \-mstack\-increment\fR .Sp \&\fI\s-1MMIX\s0 Options\fR +\&\fB\-mlibfuncs \-mno\-libfuncs \-mepsilon \-mno\-epsilon \-mabi=gnu +\&\-mabi=mmixware \-mzero\-extend \-mknuthdiv \-mtoplevel\-symbols +\&\-melf \-mbranch\-predict \-mno\-branch\-predict \-mbase\-addresses +\&\-mno\-base\-addresses \-msingle\-exit \-mno\-single\-exit\fR .Sp -\&\fB\-mlibfuncs \-mno-libfuncs \-mepsilon \-mno-epsilon \-mabi=gnu -\&\-mabi=mmixware \-mzero-extend \-mknuthdiv \-mtoplevel-symbols -\&\-melf \-mbranch-predict \-mno-branch-predict \-mbase-addresses -\&\-mno-base-addresses\fR -.Sp -\&\fI\s-1IA-64\s0 Options\fR -.Sp -\&\fB\-mbig-endian \-mlittle-endian \-mgnu-as \-mgnu-ld \-mno-pic -\&\-mvolatile-asm-stop \-mb-step \-mregister-names \-mno-sdata -\&\-mconstant-gp \-mauto-pic \-minline-divide-min-latency -\&\-minline-divide-max-throughput \-mno-dwarf2\-asm -\&\-mfixed-range=\fR\fIregister-range\fR +\&\fI\s-1IA\-64\s0 Options\fR +\&\fB\-mbig\-endian \-mlittle\-endian \-mgnu\-as \-mgnu\-ld \-mno\-pic +\&\-mvolatile\-asm\-stop \-mb\-step \-mregister\-names \-mno\-sdata +\&\-mconstant\-gp \-mauto\-pic \-minline\-float\-divide\-min\-latency +\&\-minline\-float\-divide\-max\-throughput +\&\-minline\-int\-divide\-min\-latency +\&\-minline\-int\-divide\-max\-throughput +\&\-minline\-sqrt\-min\-latency \-minline\-sqrt\-max\-throughput +\&\-mno\-dwarf2\-asm \-mearly\-stop\-bits +\&\-mfixed\-range=\fR\fIregister-range\fR \fB\-mtls\-size=\fR\fItls-size\fR +\&\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR \fB\-mt \-pthread \-milp32 \-mlp64\fR .Sp \&\fID30V Options\fR -.Sp -\&\fB\-mextmem \-mextmemory \-monchip \-mno-asm-optimize -\&\-masm-optimize \-mbranch-cost=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-mcond-exec=\fR\fIn\fR +\&\fB\-mextmem \-mextmemory \-monchip \-mno\-asm\-optimize +\&\-masm\-optimize \-mbranch\-cost=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-mcond\-exec=\fR\fIn\fR .Sp \&\fIS/390 and zSeries Options\fR -.Sp -\&\fB\-mhard-float \-msoft-float \-mbackchain \-mno-backchain -\&\-msmall-exec \-mno-small-exec \-mmvcle \-mno-mvcle -\&\-m64 \-m31 \-mdebug \-mno-debug\fR +\&\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR \fB\-march=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR +\&\fB\-mhard\-float \-msoft\-float \-mbackchain \-mno\-backchain +\&\-msmall\-exec \-mno\-small\-exec \-mmvcle \-mno\-mvcle +\&\-m64 \-m31 \-mdebug \-mno\-debug \-mesa \-mzarch \-mfused\-madd \-mno\-fused\-madd\fR .Sp \&\fI\s-1CRIS\s0 Options\fR +\&\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR \fB\-march=\fR\fIcpu\fR \fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu\fR +\&\fB\-mmax\-stack\-frame=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-melinux\-stacksize=\fR\fIn\fR +\&\fB\-metrax4 \-metrax100 \-mpdebug \-mcc\-init \-mno\-side\-effects +\&\-mstack\-align \-mdata\-align \-mconst\-align +\&\-m32\-bit \-m16\-bit \-m8\-bit \-mno\-prologue\-epilogue \-mno\-gotplt +\&\-melf \-maout \-melinux \-mlinux \-sim \-sim2 +\&\-mmul\-bug\-workaround \-mno\-mul\-bug\-workaround\fR .Sp -\&\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR \fB\-march=\fR\fIcpu\fR \fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu\fR -\&\fB\-mmax-stack-frame=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-melinux-stacksize=\fR\fIn\fR -\&\fB\-metrax4 \-metrax100 \-mpdebug \-mcc-init \-mno-side-effects -\&\-mstack-align \-mdata-align \-mconst-align -\&\-m32\-bit \-m16\-bit \-m8\-bit \-mno-prologue-epilogue \-mno-gotplt -\&\-melf \-maout \-melinux \-mlinux \-sim \-sim2\fR -.Sp -\&\fI\s-1PDP-11\s0 Options\fR -.Sp -\&\fB\-mfpu \-msoft-float \-mac0 \-mno-ac0 \-m40 \-m45 \-m10 -\&\-mbcopy \-mbcopy-builtin \-mint32 \-mno-int16 -\&\-mint16 \-mno-int32 \-mfloat32 \-mno-float64 -\&\-mfloat64 \-mno-float32 \-mabshi \-mno-abshi -\&\-mbranch-expensive \-mbranch-cheap -\&\-msplit \-mno-split \-munix-asm \-mdec-asm\fR +\&\fI\s-1PDP\-11\s0 Options\fR +\&\fB\-mfpu \-msoft\-float \-mac0 \-mno\-ac0 \-m40 \-m45 \-m10 +\&\-mbcopy \-mbcopy\-builtin \-mint32 \-mno\-int16 +\&\-mint16 \-mno\-int32 \-mfloat32 \-mno\-float64 +\&\-mfloat64 \-mno\-float32 \-mabshi \-mno\-abshi +\&\-mbranch\-expensive \-mbranch\-cheap +\&\-msplit \-mno\-split \-munix\-asm \-mdec\-asm\fR .Sp \&\fIXstormy16 Options\fR -.Sp \&\fB\-msim\fR .Sp \&\fIXtensa Options\fR +\&\fB\-mconst16 \-mno\-const16 +\&\-mfused\-madd \-mno\-fused\-madd +\&\-mtext\-section\-literals \-mno\-text\-section\-literals +\&\-mtarget\-align \-mno\-target\-align +\&\-mlongcalls \-mno\-longcalls\fR .Sp -\&\fB\-mbig-endian \-mlittle-endian -\&\-mdensity \-mno-density -\&\-mmac16 \-mno-mac16 -\&\-mmul16 \-mno-mul16 -\&\-mmul32 \-mno-mul32 -\&\-mnsa \-mno-nsa -\&\-mminmax \-mno-minmax -\&\-msext \-mno-sext -\&\-mbooleans \-mno-booleans -\&\-mhard-float \-msoft-float -\&\-mfused-madd \-mno-fused-madd -\&\-mserialize-volatile \-mno-serialize-volatile -\&\-mtext-section-literals \-mno-text-section-literals -\&\-mtarget-align \-mno-target-align -\&\-mlongcalls \-mno-longcalls\fR -.Ip "\fICode Generation Options\fR" 4 +\&\fI\s-1FRV\s0 Options\fR +\&\fB\-mgpr\-32 \-mgpr\-64 \-mfpr\-32 \-mfpr\-64 +\&\-mhard\-float \-msoft\-float +\&\-malloc\-cc \-mfixed\-cc \-mdword \-mno\-dword +\&\-mdouble \-mno\-double +\&\-mmedia \-mno\-media \-mmuladd \-mno\-muladd +\&\-mlibrary\-pic \-macc\-4 \-macc\-8 +\&\-mpack \-mno\-pack \-mno\-eflags \-mcond\-move \-mno\-cond\-move +\&\-mscc \-mno\-scc \-mcond\-exec \-mno\-cond\-exec +\&\-mvliw\-branch \-mno\-vliw\-branch +\&\-mmulti\-cond\-exec \-mno\-multi\-cond\-exec \-mnested\-cond\-exec +\&\-mno\-nested\-cond\-exec \-mtomcat\-stats +\&\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR +.IP "\fICode Generation Options\fR" 4 .IX Item "Code Generation Options" -\&\fB\-fcall-saved-\fR\fIreg\fR \fB\-fcall-used-\fR\fIreg\fR -\&\fB\-ffixed-\fR\fIreg\fR \fB\-fexceptions -\&\-fnon-call-exceptions \-funwind-tables -\&\-fasynchronous-unwind-tables -\&\-finhibit-size-directive \-finstrument-functions -\&\-fno-common \-fno-ident \-fno-gnu-linker -\&\-fpcc-struct-return \-fpic \-fPIC -\&\-freg-struct-return \-fshared-data \-fshort-enums -\&\-fshort-double \-fshort-wchar \-fvolatile -\&\-fvolatile-global \-fvolatile-static -\&\-fverbose-asm \-fpack-struct \-fstack-check -\&\-fstack-limit-register=\fR\fIreg\fR \fB\-fstack-limit-symbol=\fR\fIsym\fR -\&\fB\-fargument-alias \-fargument-noalias -\&\-fargument-noalias-global \-fleading-underscore\fR +\&\fB\-fcall\-saved\-\fR\fIreg\fR \fB\-fcall\-used\-\fR\fIreg\fR +\&\fB\-ffixed\-\fR\fIreg\fR \fB\-fexceptions +\&\-fnon\-call\-exceptions \-funwind\-tables +\&\-fasynchronous\-unwind\-tables +\&\-finhibit\-size\-directive \-finstrument\-functions +\&\-fno\-common \-fno\-ident +\&\-fpcc\-struct\-return \-fpic \-fPIC \-fpie \-fPIE +\&\-freg\-struct\-return \-fshared\-data \-fshort\-enums +\&\-fshort\-double \-fshort\-wchar +\&\-fverbose\-asm \-fpack\-struct \-fstack\-check +\&\-fstack\-limit\-register=\fR\fIreg\fR \fB\-fstack\-limit\-symbol=\fR\fIsym\fR +\&\fB\-fargument\-alias \-fargument\-noalias +\&\-fargument\-noalias\-global \-fleading\-underscore +\&\-ftls\-model=\fR\fImodel\fR +\&\fB\-ftrapv \-fwrapv \-fbounds\-check\fR .Sh "Options Controlling the Kind of Output" .IX Subsection "Options Controlling the Kind of Output" Compilation can involve up to four stages: preprocessing, compilation -proper, assembly and linking, always in that order. The first three -stages apply to an individual source file, and end by producing an -object file; linking combines all the object files (those newly -compiled, and those specified as input) into an executable file. +proper, assembly and linking, always in that order. \s-1GCC\s0 is capable of +preprocessing and compiling several files either into several +assembler input files, or into one assembler input file; then each +assembler input file produces an object file, and linking combines all +the object files (those newly compiled, and those specified as input) +into an executable file. .PP For any given input file, the file name suffix determines what kind of compilation is done: -.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.c\fR" 4 +.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.c\fR" 4 .IX Item "file.c" C source code which must be preprocessed. -.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.i\fR" 4 +.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.i\fR" 4 .IX Item "file.i" C source code which should not be preprocessed. -.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.ii\fR" 4 +.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.ii\fR" 4 .IX Item "file.ii" \&\*(C+ source code which should not be preprocessed. -.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.m\fR" 4 +.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.m\fR" 4 .IX Item "file.m" Objective-C source code. Note that you must link with the library \&\fIlibobjc.a\fR to make an Objective-C program work. -.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.mi\fR" 4 +.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.mi\fR" 4 .IX Item "file.mi" Objective-C source code which should not be preprocessed. -.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.h\fR" 4 +.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.h\fR" 4 .IX Item "file.h" -C header file (not to be compiled or linked). -.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.cc\fR" 4 +C or \*(C+ header file to be turned into a precompiled header. +.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.cc\fR" 4 .IX Item "file.cc" .PD 0 -.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.cp\fR" 4 +.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.cp\fR" 4 .IX Item "file.cp" -.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.cxx\fR" 4 +.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.cxx\fR" 4 .IX Item "file.cxx" -.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.cpp\fR" 4 +.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.cpp\fR" 4 .IX Item "file.cpp" -.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.c++\fR" 4 +.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.CPP\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.CPP" +.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.c++\fR" 4 .IX Item "file.c++" -.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.C\fR" 4 +.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.C\fR" 4 .IX Item "file.C" .PD \&\*(C+ source code which must be preprocessed. Note that in \fB.cxx\fR, the last two letters must both be literally \fBx\fR. Likewise, \&\fB.C\fR refers to a literal capital C. -.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.f\fR" 4 +.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.hh\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.hh" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.H\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.H" +.PD +\&\*(C+ header file to be turned into a precompiled header. +.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.f\fR" 4 .IX Item "file.f" .PD 0 -.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.for\fR" 4 +.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.for\fR" 4 .IX Item "file.for" -.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.FOR\fR" 4 +.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.FOR\fR" 4 .IX Item "file.FOR" .PD Fortran source code which should not be preprocessed. -.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.F\fR" 4 +.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.F\fR" 4 .IX Item "file.F" .PD 0 -.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.fpp\fR" 4 +.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.fpp\fR" 4 .IX Item "file.fpp" -.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.FPP\fR" 4 +.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.FPP\fR" 4 .IX Item "file.FPP" .PD Fortran source code which must be preprocessed (with the traditional preprocessor). -.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.r\fR" 4 +.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.r\fR" 4 .IX Item "file.r" Fortran source code which must be preprocessed with a \s-1RATFOR\s0 preprocessor (not included with \s-1GCC\s0). -.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.ads\fR" 4 +.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.ads\fR" 4 .IX Item "file.ads" Ada source code file which contains a library unit declaration (a declaration of a package, subprogram, or generic, or a generic instantiation), or a library unit renaming declaration (a package, generic, or subprogram renaming declaration). Such files are also called \fIspecs\fR. -.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.adb\fR" 4 +.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.adb\fR" 4 .IX Item "file.adb" Ada source code file containing a library unit body (a subprogram or package body). Such files are also called \fIbodies\fR. -.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.s\fR" 4 +.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.s\fR" 4 .IX Item "file.s" Assembler code. -.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.S\fR" 4 +.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.S\fR" 4 .IX Item "file.S" Assembler code which must be preprocessed. -.Ip "\fIother\fR" 4 +.IP "\fIother\fR" 4 .IX Item "other" An object file to be fed straight into linking. Any file name with no recognized suffix is treated this way. .PP You can specify the input language explicitly with the \fB\-x\fR option: -.Ip "\fB\-x\fR \fIlanguage\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-x\fR \fIlanguage\fR" 4 .IX Item "-x language" Specify explicitly the \fIlanguage\fR for the following input files (rather than letting the compiler choose a default based on the file name suffix). This option applies to all following input files until the next \fB\-x\fR option. Possible values for \fIlanguage\fR are: .Sp -.Vb 7 +.Vb 8 \& c c-header cpp-output -\& c++ c++-cpp-output -\& objective-c objc-cpp-output +\& c++ c++-header c++-cpp-output +\& objective-c objective-c-header objc-cpp-output \& assembler assembler-with-cpp \& ada \& f77 f77-cpp-input ratfor \& java +\& treelang .Ve -.Ip "\fB\-x none\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-x none\fR" 4 .IX Item "-x none" Turn off any specification of a language, so that subsequent files are handled according to their file name suffixes (as they are if \fB\-x\fR has not been used at all). -.Ip "\fB\-pass-exit-codes\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-pass\-exit\-codes\fR" 4 .IX Item "-pass-exit-codes" Normally the \fBgcc\fR program will exit with the code of 1 if any phase of the compiler returns a non-success return code. If you specify -\&\fB\-pass-exit-codes\fR, the \fBgcc\fR program will instead return with +\&\fB\-pass\-exit\-codes\fR, the \fBgcc\fR program will instead return with numerically highest error produced by any phase that returned an error indication. .PP @@ -819,7 +831,7 @@ If you only want some of the stages of compilation, you can use one of the options \fB\-c\fR, \fB\-S\fR, or \fB\-E\fR to say where \&\fBgcc\fR is to stop. Note that some combinations (for example, \&\fB\-x cpp-output \-E\fR) instruct \fBgcc\fR to do nothing at all. -.Ip "\fB\-c\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-c\fR" 4 .IX Item "-c" Compile or assemble the source files, but do not link. The linking stage simply is not done. The ultimate output is in the form of an @@ -830,7 +842,7 @@ the suffix \fB.c\fR, \fB.i\fR, \fB.s\fR, etc., with \fB.o\fR. .Sp Unrecognized input files, not requiring compilation or assembly, are ignored. -.Ip "\fB\-S\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-S\fR" 4 .IX Item "-S" Stop after the stage of compilation proper; do not assemble. The output is in the form of an assembler code file for each non-assembler input @@ -840,76 +852,78 @@ By default, the assembler file name for a source file is made by replacing the suffix \fB.c\fR, \fB.i\fR, etc., with \fB.s\fR. .Sp Input files that don't require compilation are ignored. -.Ip "\fB\-E\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-E\fR" 4 .IX Item "-E" Stop after the preprocessing stage; do not run the compiler proper. The output is in the form of preprocessed source code, which is sent to the standard output. .Sp Input files which don't require preprocessing are ignored. -.Ip "\fB\-o\fR \fIfile\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-o\fR \fIfile\fR" 4 .IX Item "-o file" Place output in file \fIfile\fR. This applies regardless to whatever sort of output is being produced, whether it be an executable file, an object file, an assembler file or preprocessed C code. .Sp -Since only one output file can be specified, it does not make sense to -use \fB\-o\fR when compiling more than one input file, unless you are -producing an executable file as output. +If you specify \fB\-o\fR when compiling more than one input file, or +you are producing an executable file as output, all the source files +on the command line will be compiled at once. .Sp If \fB\-o\fR is not specified, the default is to put an executable file in \fIa.out\fR, the object file for \fI\fIsource\fI.\fIsuffix\fI\fR in \&\fI\fIsource\fI.o\fR, its assembler file in \fI\fIsource\fI.s\fR, and all preprocessed C source on standard output. -.Ip "\fB\-v\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4 .IX Item "-v" Print (on standard error output) the commands executed to run the stages of compilation. Also print the version number of the compiler driver program and of the preprocessor and the compiler proper. -.Ip "\fB\-###\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-###\fR" 4 .IX Item "-###" Like \fB\-v\fR except the commands are not executed and all command arguments are quoted. This is useful for shell scripts to capture the driver-generated command lines. -.Ip "\fB\-pipe\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-pipe\fR" 4 .IX Item "-pipe" Use pipes rather than temporary files for communication between the various stages of compilation. This fails to work on some systems where the assembler is unable to read from a pipe; but the \s-1GNU\s0 assembler has no trouble. -.Ip "\fB\*(--help\fR" 4 -.IX Item "help" +.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--help" Print (on the standard output) a description of the command line options understood by \fBgcc\fR. If the \fB\-v\fR option is also specified -then \fB\*(--help\fR will also be passed on to the various processes +then \fB\-\-help\fR will also be passed on to the various processes invoked by \fBgcc\fR, so that they can display the command line options -they accept. If the \fB\-W\fR option is also specified then command +they accept. If the \fB\-Wextra\fR option is also specified then command line options which have no documentation associated with them will also be displayed. -.Ip "\fB\*(--target-help\fR" 4 -.IX Item "target-help" +.IP "\fB\-\-target\-help\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--target-help" Print (on the standard output) a description of target specific command line options for each tool. -.Ip "\fB\*(--version\fR" 4 -.IX Item "version" +.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--version" Display the version number and copyrights of the invoked \s-1GCC\s0. .Sh "Compiling \*(C+ Programs" .IX Subsection "Compiling Programs" \&\*(C+ source files conventionally use one of the suffixes \fB.C\fR, -\&\fB.cc\fR, \fB.cpp\fR, \fB.c++\fR, \fB.cp\fR, or \fB.cxx\fR; +\&\fB.cc\fR, \fB.cpp\fR, \fB.CPP\fR, \fB.c++\fR, \fB.cp\fR, or +\&\fB.cxx\fR; \*(C+ header files often use \fB.hh\fR or \fB.H\fR; and preprocessed \*(C+ files use the suffix \fB.ii\fR. \s-1GCC\s0 recognizes files with these names and compiles them as \*(C+ programs even if you -call the compiler the same way as for compiling C programs (usually with -the name \fBgcc\fR). +call the compiler the same way as for compiling C programs (usually +with the name \fBgcc\fR). .PP However, \*(C+ programs often require class libraries as well as a compiler that understands the \*(C+ language\-\-\-and under some -circumstances, you might want to compile programs from standard input, -or otherwise without a suffix that flags them as \*(C+ programs. -\&\fBg++\fR is a program that calls \s-1GCC\s0 with the default language -set to \*(C+, and automatically specifies linking against the \*(C+ -library. On many systems, \fBg++\fR is also -installed with the name \fBc++\fR. +circumstances, you might want to compile programs or header files from +standard input, or otherwise without a suffix that flags them as \*(C+ +programs. You might also like to precompile a C header file with a +\&\fB.h\fR extension to be used in \*(C+ compilations. \fBg++\fR is a +program that calls \s-1GCC\s0 with the default language set to \*(C+, and +automatically specifies linking against the \*(C+ library. On many +systems, \fBg++\fR is also installed with the name \fBc++\fR. .PP When you compile \*(C+ programs, you may specify many of the same command-line options that you use for compiling programs in any @@ -918,14 +932,14 @@ languages; or options that are meaningful only for \*(C+ programs. .Sh "Options Controlling C Dialect" .IX Subsection "Options Controlling C Dialect" The following options control the dialect of C (or languages derived -from C, such as \*(C+ and Objective-C) that the compiler accepts: -.Ip "\fB\-ansi\fR" 4 +from C, such as \*(C+ and Objective\-C) that the compiler accepts: +.IP "\fB\-ansi\fR" 4 .IX Item "-ansi" -In C mode, support all \s-1ISO\s0 C89 programs. In \*(C+ mode, +In C mode, support all \s-1ISO\s0 C90 programs. In \*(C+ mode, remove \s-1GNU\s0 extensions that conflict with \s-1ISO\s0 \*(C+. .Sp This turns off certain features of \s-1GCC\s0 that are incompatible with \s-1ISO\s0 -C89 (when compiling C code), or of standard \*(C+ (when compiling \*(C+ code), +C90 (when compiling C code), or of standard \*(C+ (when compiling \*(C+ code), such as the \f(CW\*(C`asm\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`typeof\*(C'\fR keywords, and predefined macros such as \f(CW\*(C`unix\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`vax\*(C'\fR that identify the type of system you are using. It also enables the undesirable and @@ -954,46 +968,53 @@ programs that might use these names for other things. Functions which would normally be built in but do not have semantics defined by \s-1ISO\s0 C (such as \f(CW\*(C`alloca\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`ffs\*(C'\fR) are not built-in functions with \fB\-ansi\fR is used. -.Ip "\fB\-std=\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-std=\fR" 4 .IX Item "-std=" Determine the language standard. This option is currently only -supported when compiling C. A value for this option must be provided; -possible values are +supported when compiling C or \*(C+. A value for this option must be +provided; possible values are .RS 4 -.Ip "\fBc89\fR" 4 +.IP "\fBc89\fR" 4 .IX Item "c89" .PD 0 -.Ip "\fBiso9899:1990\fR" 4 +.IP "\fBiso9899:1990\fR" 4 .IX Item "iso9899:1990" .PD -\&\s-1ISO\s0 C89 (same as \fB\-ansi\fR). -.Ip "\fBiso9899:199409\fR" 4 +\&\s-1ISO\s0 C90 (same as \fB\-ansi\fR). +.IP "\fBiso9899:199409\fR" 4 .IX Item "iso9899:199409" -\&\s-1ISO\s0 C89 as modified in amendment 1. -.Ip "\fBc99\fR" 4 +\&\s-1ISO\s0 C90 as modified in amendment 1. +.IP "\fBc99\fR" 4 .IX Item "c99" .PD 0 -.Ip "\fBc9x\fR" 4 +.IP "\fBc9x\fR" 4 .IX Item "c9x" -.Ip "\fBiso9899:1999\fR" 4 +.IP "\fBiso9899:1999\fR" 4 .IX Item "iso9899:1999" -.Ip "\fBiso9899:199x\fR" 4 +.IP "\fBiso9899:199x\fR" 4 .IX Item "iso9899:199x" .PD \&\s-1ISO\s0 C99. Note that this standard is not yet fully supported; see -<\fBhttp://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-3.1/c99status.html\fR> for more information. The +<\fBhttp://gcc.gnu.org/gcc\-3.4/c99status.html\fR> for more information. The names \fBc9x\fR and \fBiso9899:199x\fR are deprecated. -.Ip "\fBgnu89\fR" 4 +.IP "\fBgnu89\fR" 4 .IX Item "gnu89" -Default, \s-1ISO\s0 C89 plus \s-1GNU\s0 extensions (including some C99 features). -.Ip "\fBgnu99\fR" 4 +Default, \s-1ISO\s0 C90 plus \s-1GNU\s0 extensions (including some C99 features). +.IP "\fBgnu99\fR" 4 .IX Item "gnu99" .PD 0 -.Ip "\fBgnu9x\fR" 4 +.IP "\fBgnu9x\fR" 4 .IX Item "gnu9x" .PD \&\s-1ISO\s0 C99 plus \s-1GNU\s0 extensions. When \s-1ISO\s0 C99 is fully implemented in \s-1GCC\s0, this will become the default. The name \fBgnu9x\fR is deprecated. +.IP "\fBc++98\fR" 4 +.IX Item "c++98" +The 1998 \s-1ISO\s0 \*(C+ standard plus amendments. +.IP "\fBgnu++98\fR" 4 +.IX Item "gnu++98" +The same as \fB\-std=c++98\fR plus \s-1GNU\s0 extensions. This is the +default for \*(C+ code. .RE .RS 4 .Sp @@ -1003,11 +1024,11 @@ previous C standards. For example, you may use \f(CW\*(C`_\|_restrict_\|_\*(C'\ when \fB\-std=c99\fR is not specified. .Sp The \fB\-std\fR options specifying some version of \s-1ISO\s0 C have the same -effects as \fB\-ansi\fR, except that features that were not in \s-1ISO\s0 C89 +effects as \fB\-ansi\fR, except that features that were not in \s-1ISO\s0 C90 but are in the specified version (for example, \fB//\fR comments and the \f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR keyword in \s-1ISO\s0 C99) are not disabled. .RE -.Ip "\fB\-aux-info\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-aux\-info\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4 .IX Item "-aux-info filename" Output to the given filename prototyped declarations for all functions declared and/or defined in a translation unit, including those in header @@ -1019,27 +1040,27 @@ implicit, prototyped or unprototyped (\fBI\fR, \fBN\fR for new or \&\fBO\fR for old, respectively, in the first character after the line number and the colon), and whether it came from a declaration or a definition (\fBC\fR or \fBF\fR, respectively, in the following -character). In the case of function definitions, a K&R-style list of +character). In the case of function definitions, a K&R\-style list of arguments followed by their declarations is also provided, inside comments, after the declaration. -.Ip "\fB\-fno-asm\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-fno\-asm\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fno-asm" Do not recognize \f(CW\*(C`asm\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`typeof\*(C'\fR as a keyword, so that code can use these words as identifiers. You can use the keywords \f(CW\*(C`_\|_asm_\|_\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`_\|_inline_\|_\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`_\|_typeof_\|_\*(C'\fR -instead. \fB\-ansi\fR implies \fB\-fno-asm\fR. +instead. \fB\-ansi\fR implies \fB\-fno\-asm\fR. .Sp In \*(C+, this switch only affects the \f(CW\*(C`typeof\*(C'\fR keyword, since \&\f(CW\*(C`asm\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR are standard keywords. You may want to -use the \fB\-fno-gnu-keywords\fR flag instead, which has the same +use the \fB\-fno\-gnu\-keywords\fR flag instead, which has the same effect. In C99 mode (\fB\-std=c99\fR or \fB\-std=gnu99\fR), this switch only affects the \f(CW\*(C`asm\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`typeof\*(C'\fR keywords, since \&\f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR is a standard keyword in \s-1ISO\s0 C99. -.Ip "\fB\-fno-builtin\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-fno\-builtin\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fno-builtin" .PD 0 -.Ip "\fB\-fno-builtin-\fR\fIfunction\fR\fB \fR(C and Objective-C only)" 4 -.IX Item "-fno-builtin-function (C and Objective-C only)" +.IP "\fB\-fno\-builtin\-\fR\fIfunction\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fno-builtin-function" .PD Don't recognize built-in functions that do not begin with \&\fB_\|_builtin_\fR as prefix. @@ -1052,117 +1073,66 @@ and faster, but since the function calls no longer appear as such, you cannot set a breakpoint on those calls, nor can you change the behavior of the functions by linking with a different library. .Sp -In \*(C+, \fB\-fno-builtin\fR is always in effect. The \fB\-fbuiltin\fR -option has no effect. Therefore, in \*(C+, the only way to get the -optimization benefits of built-in functions is to call the function -using the \fB_\|_builtin_\fR prefix. The \s-1GNU\s0 \*(C+ Standard Library uses -built-in functions to implement many functions (like -\&\f(CW\*(C`std::strchr\*(C'\fR), so that you automatically get efficient code. -.Sp -With the \fB\-fno-builtin-\fR\fIfunction\fR option, not available -when compiling \*(C+, only the built-in function \fIfunction\fR is +With the \fB\-fno\-builtin\-\fR\fIfunction\fR option +only the built-in function \fIfunction\fR is disabled. \fIfunction\fR must not begin with \fB_\|_builtin_\fR. If a function is named this is not built-in in this version of \s-1GCC\s0, this option is ignored. There is no corresponding -\&\fB\-fbuiltin-\fR\fIfunction\fR option; if you wish to enable -built-in functions selectively when using \fB\-fno-builtin\fR or +\&\fB\-fbuiltin\-\fR\fIfunction\fR option; if you wish to enable +built-in functions selectively when using \fB\-fno\-builtin\fR or \&\fB\-ffreestanding\fR, you may define macros such as: .Sp .Vb 2 \& #define abs(n) __builtin_abs ((n)) \& #define strcpy(d, s) __builtin_strcpy ((d), (s)) .Ve -.Ip "\fB\-fhosted\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-fhosted\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fhosted" Assert that compilation takes place in a hosted environment. This implies \&\fB\-fbuiltin\fR. A hosted environment is one in which the entire standard library is available, and in which \f(CW\*(C`main\*(C'\fR has a return type of \f(CW\*(C`int\*(C'\fR. Examples are nearly everything except a kernel. -This is equivalent to \fB\-fno-freestanding\fR. -.Ip "\fB\-ffreestanding\fR" 4 +This is equivalent to \fB\-fno\-freestanding\fR. +.IP "\fB\-ffreestanding\fR" 4 .IX Item "-ffreestanding" Assert that compilation takes place in a freestanding environment. This -implies \fB\-fno-builtin\fR. A freestanding environment +implies \fB\-fno\-builtin\fR. A freestanding environment is one in which the standard library may not exist, and program startup may not necessarily be at \f(CW\*(C`main\*(C'\fR. The most obvious example is an \s-1OS\s0 kernel. -This is equivalent to \fB\-fno-hosted\fR. -.Ip "\fB\-trigraphs\fR" 4 +This is equivalent to \fB\-fno\-hosted\fR. +.IP "\fB\-fms\-extensions\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fms-extensions" +Accept some non-standard constructs used in Microsoft header files. +.IP "\fB\-trigraphs\fR" 4 .IX Item "-trigraphs" Support \s-1ISO\s0 C trigraphs. The \fB\-ansi\fR option (and \fB\-std\fR options for strict \s-1ISO\s0 C conformance) implies \fB\-trigraphs\fR. -.Ip "\fB\-no-integrated-cpp\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-no\-integrated\-cpp\fR" 4 .IX Item "-no-integrated-cpp" -Invoke the external cpp during compilation. The default is to use the -integrated cpp (internal cpp). This option also allows a -user-supplied cpp via the \fB\-B\fR option. This flag is applicable -in both C and \*(C+ modes. +Performs a compilation in two passes: preprocessing and compiling. This +option allows a user supplied \*(L"cc1\*(R", \*(L"cc1plus\*(R", or \*(L"cc1obj\*(R" via the +\&\fB\-B\fR option. The user supplied compilation step can then add in +an additional preprocessing step after normal preprocessing but before +compiling. The default is to use the integrated cpp (internal cpp) .Sp -We do not guarantee to retain this option in future, and we may change -its semantics. -.Ip "\fB\-traditional\fR" 4 +The semantics of this option will change if \*(L"cc1\*(R", \*(L"cc1plus\*(R", and +\&\*(L"cc1obj\*(R" are merged. +.IP "\fB\-traditional\fR" 4 .IX Item "-traditional" -Attempt to support some aspects of traditional C compilers. -Specifically: -.RS 4 -.Ip "\(bu" 4 -All \f(CW\*(C`extern\*(C'\fR declarations take effect globally even if they -are written inside of a function definition. This includes implicit -declarations of functions. -.Ip "\(bu" 4 -The newer keywords \f(CW\*(C`typeof\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`signed\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`const\*(C'\fR -and \f(CW\*(C`volatile\*(C'\fR are not recognized. (You can still use the -alternative keywords such as \f(CW\*(C`_\|_typeof_\|_\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`_\|_inline_\|_\*(C'\fR, and -so on.) -.Ip "\(bu" 4 -Comparisons between pointers and integers are always allowed. -.Ip "\(bu" 4 -Integer types \f(CW\*(C`unsigned short\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`unsigned char\*(C'\fR promote -to \f(CW\*(C`unsigned int\*(C'\fR. -.Ip "\(bu" 4 -Out-of-range floating point literals are not an error. -.Ip "\(bu" 4 -Certain constructs which \s-1ISO\s0 regards as a single invalid preprocessing -number, such as \fB0xe-0xd\fR, are treated as expressions instead. -.Ip "\(bu" 4 -String ``constants'' are not necessarily constant; they are stored in -writable space, and identical looking constants are allocated -separately. (This is the same as the effect of -\&\fB\-fwritable-strings\fR.) -.Ip "\(bu" 4 -All automatic variables not declared \f(CW\*(C`register\*(C'\fR are preserved by -\&\f(CW\*(C`longjmp\*(C'\fR. Ordinarily, \s-1GNU\s0 C follows \s-1ISO\s0 C: automatic variables -not declared \f(CW\*(C`volatile\*(C'\fR may be clobbered. -.Ip "\(bu" 4 -The character escape sequences \fB\ex\fR and \fB\ea\fR evaluate as the -literal characters \fBx\fR and \fBa\fR respectively. Without -\&\fB\-traditional\fR, \fB\ex\fR is a prefix for the hexadecimal -representation of a character, and \fB\ea\fR produces a bell. -.RE -.RS 4 -.Sp -This option is deprecated and may be removed. -.Sp -You may wish to use \fB\-fno-builtin\fR as well as \fB\-traditional\fR -if your program uses names that are normally \s-1GNU\s0 C built-in functions for -other purposes of its own. -.Sp -You cannot use \fB\-traditional\fR if you include any header files that -rely on \s-1ISO\s0 C features. Some vendors are starting to ship systems with -\&\s-1ISO\s0 C header files and you cannot use \fB\-traditional\fR on such -systems to compile files that include any system headers. -.Sp -The \fB\-traditional\fR option also enables \fB\-traditional-cpp\fR. -.RE -.Ip "\fB\-traditional-cpp\fR" 4 +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-traditional\-cpp\fR" 4 .IX Item "-traditional-cpp" -Attempt to support some aspects of traditional C preprocessors. -See the \s-1GNU\s0 \s-1CPP\s0 manual for details. -.Ip "\fB\-fcond-mismatch\fR" 4 +.PD +Formerly, these options caused \s-1GCC\s0 to attempt to emulate a pre-standard +C compiler. They are now only supported with the \fB\-E\fR switch. +The preprocessor continues to support a pre-standard mode. See the \s-1GNU\s0 +\&\s-1CPP\s0 manual for details. +.IP "\fB\-fcond\-mismatch\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fcond-mismatch" Allow conditional expressions with mismatched types in the second and third arguments. The value of such an expression is void. This option is not supported for \*(C+. -.Ip "\fB\-funsigned-char\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-funsigned\-char\fR" 4 .IX Item "-funsigned-char" Let the type \f(CW\*(C`char\*(C'\fR be unsigned, like \f(CW\*(C`unsigned char\*(C'\fR. .Sp @@ -1180,51 +1150,37 @@ make such a program work with the opposite default. The type \f(CW\*(C`char\*(C'\fR is always a distinct type from each of \&\f(CW\*(C`signed char\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`unsigned char\*(C'\fR, even though its behavior is always just like one of those two. -.Ip "\fB\-fsigned-char\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-fsigned\-char\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fsigned-char" Let the type \f(CW\*(C`char\*(C'\fR be signed, like \f(CW\*(C`signed char\*(C'\fR. .Sp -Note that this is equivalent to \fB\-fno-unsigned-char\fR, which is -the negative form of \fB\-funsigned-char\fR. Likewise, the option -\&\fB\-fno-signed-char\fR is equivalent to \fB\-funsigned-char\fR. -.Ip "\fB\-fsigned-bitfields\fR" 4 +Note that this is equivalent to \fB\-fno\-unsigned\-char\fR, which is +the negative form of \fB\-funsigned\-char\fR. Likewise, the option +\&\fB\-fno\-signed\-char\fR is equivalent to \fB\-funsigned\-char\fR. +.IP "\fB\-fsigned\-bitfields\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fsigned-bitfields" .PD 0 -.Ip "\fB\-funsigned-bitfields\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-funsigned\-bitfields\fR" 4 .IX Item "-funsigned-bitfields" -.Ip "\fB\-fno-signed-bitfields\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-fno\-signed\-bitfields\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fno-signed-bitfields" -.Ip "\fB\-fno-unsigned-bitfields\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-fno\-unsigned\-bitfields\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fno-unsigned-bitfields" .PD These options control whether a bit-field is signed or unsigned, when the declaration does not use either \f(CW\*(C`signed\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`unsigned\*(C'\fR. By default, such a bit-field is signed, because this is consistent: the basic integer types such as \f(CW\*(C`int\*(C'\fR are signed types. -.Sp -However, when \fB\-traditional\fR is used, bit-fields are all unsigned -no matter what. -.Ip "\fB\-fwritable-strings\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-fwritable\-strings\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fwritable-strings" Store string constants in the writable data segment and don't uniquize them. This is for compatibility with old programs which assume they can -write into string constants. The option \fB\-traditional\fR also has -this effect. +write into string constants. .Sp Writing into string constants is a very bad idea; ``constants'' should be constant. -.Ip "\fB\-fallow-single-precision\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-fallow-single-precision" -Do not promote single precision math operations to double precision, -even when compiling with \fB\-traditional\fR. .Sp -Traditional K&R C promotes all floating point operations to double -precision, regardless of the sizes of the operands. On the -architecture for which you are compiling, single precision may be faster -than double precision. If you must use \fB\-traditional\fR, but want -to use single precision operations when the operands are single -precision, use this option. This option has no effect when compiling -with \s-1ISO\s0 or \s-1GNU\s0 C conventions (the default). +This option is deprecated. .Sh "Options Controlling \*(C+ Dialect" .IX Subsection "Options Controlling Dialect" This section describes the command-line options that are only meaningful @@ -1235,27 +1191,38 @@ might compile a file \f(CW\*(C`firstClass.C\*(C'\fR like this: .Vb 1 \& g++ -g -frepo -O -c firstClass.C .Ve +.PP In this example, only \fB\-frepo\fR is an option meant only for \*(C+ programs; you can use the other options with any language supported by \s-1GCC\s0. .PP Here is a list of options that are \fIonly\fR for compiling \*(C+ programs: -.Ip "\fB\-fno-access-control\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-fabi\-version=\fR\fIn\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fabi-version=n" +Use version \fIn\fR of the \*(C+ \s-1ABI\s0. Version 2 is the version of the +\&\*(C+ \s-1ABI\s0 that first appeared in G++ 3.4. Version 1 is the version of +the \*(C+ \s-1ABI\s0 that first appeared in G++ 3.2. Version 0 will always be +the version that conforms most closely to the \*(C+ \s-1ABI\s0 specification. +Therefore, the \s-1ABI\s0 obtained using version 0 will change as \s-1ABI\s0 bugs +are fixed. +.Sp +The default is version 2. +.IP "\fB\-fno\-access\-control\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fno-access-control" Turn off all access checking. This switch is mainly useful for working around bugs in the access control code. -.Ip "\fB\-fcheck-new\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-fcheck\-new\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fcheck-new" Check that the pointer returned by \f(CW\*(C`operator new\*(C'\fR is non-null -before attempting to modify the storage allocated. The current Working -Paper requires that \f(CW\*(C`operator new\*(C'\fR never return a null pointer, so -this check is normally unnecessary. -.Sp -An alternative to using this option is to specify that your -\&\f(CW\*(C`operator new\*(C'\fR does not throw any exceptions; if you declare it -\&\fB\f(BIthrow()\fB\fR, G++ will check the return value. See also \fBnew -(nothrow)\fR. -.Ip "\fB\-fconserve-space\fR" 4 +before attempting to modify the storage allocated. This check is +normally unnecessary because the \*(C+ standard specifies that +\&\f(CW\*(C`operator new\*(C'\fR will only return \f(CW0\fR if it is declared +\&\fB\f(BIthrow()\fB\fR, in which case the compiler will always check the +return value even without this option. In all other cases, when +\&\f(CW\*(C`operator new\*(C'\fR has a non-empty exception specification, memory +exhaustion is signalled by throwing \f(CW\*(C`std::bad_alloc\*(C'\fR. See also +\&\fBnew (nothrow)\fR. +.IP "\fB\-fconserve\-space\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fconserve-space" Put uninitialized or runtime-initialized global variables into the common segment, as C does. This saves space in the executable at the @@ -1266,59 +1233,39 @@ two definitions were merged. .Sp This option is no longer useful on most targets, now that support has been added for putting variables into \s-1BSS\s0 without making them common. -.Ip "\fB\-fno-const-strings\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-fno\-const\-strings\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fno-const-strings" Give string constants type \f(CW\*(C`char *\*(C'\fR instead of type \f(CW\*(C`const char *\*(C'\fR. By default, G++ uses type \f(CW\*(C`const char *\*(C'\fR as required by -the standard. Even if you use \fB\-fno-const-strings\fR, you cannot +the standard. Even if you use \fB\-fno\-const\-strings\fR, you cannot actually modify the value of a string constant, unless you also use -\&\fB\-fwritable-strings\fR. +\&\fB\-fwritable\-strings\fR. .Sp This option might be removed in a future release of G++. For maximum portability, you should structure your code so that it works with string constants that have type \f(CW\*(C`const char *\*(C'\fR. -.Ip "\fB\-fdollars-in-identifiers\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-fdollars-in-identifiers" -Accept \fB$\fR in identifiers. You can also explicitly prohibit use of -\&\fB$\fR with the option \fB\-fno-dollars-in-identifiers\fR. (\s-1GNU\s0 C allows -\&\fB$\fR by default on most target systems, but there are a few exceptions.) -Traditional C allowed the character \fB$\fR to form part of -identifiers. However, \s-1ISO\s0 C and \*(C+ forbid \fB$\fR in identifiers. -.Ip "\fB\-fno-elide-constructors\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-fno\-elide\-constructors\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fno-elide-constructors" The \*(C+ standard allows an implementation to omit creating a temporary which is only used to initialize another object of the same type. Specifying this option disables that optimization, and forces G++ to call the copy constructor in all cases. -.Ip "\fB\-fno-enforce-eh-specs\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-fno\-enforce\-eh\-specs\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fno-enforce-eh-specs" Don't check for violation of exception specifications at runtime. This option violates the \*(C+ standard, but may be useful for reducing code size in production builds, much like defining \fB\s-1NDEBUG\s0\fR. The compiler will still optimize based on the exception specifications. -.Ip "\fB\-fexternal-templates\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-fexternal-templates" -Cause \fB#pragma interface\fR and \fBimplementation\fR to apply to -template instantiation; template instances are emitted or not according -to the location of the template definition. -.Sp -This option is deprecated. -.Ip "\fB\-falt-external-templates\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-falt-external-templates" -Similar to \fB\-fexternal-templates\fR, but template instances are -emitted or not according to the place where they are first instantiated. -.Sp -This option is deprecated. -.Ip "\fB\-ffor-scope\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-ffor\-scope\fR" 4 .IX Item "-ffor-scope" .PD 0 -.Ip "\fB\-fno-for-scope\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-fno\-for\-scope\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fno-for-scope" .PD -If \fB\-ffor-scope\fR is specified, the scope of variables declared in +If \fB\-ffor\-scope\fR is specified, the scope of variables declared in a \fIfor-init-statement\fR is limited to the \fBfor\fR loop itself, as specified by the \*(C+ standard. -If \fB\-fno-for-scope\fR is specified, the scope of variables declared in +If \fB\-fno\-for\-scope\fR is specified, the scope of variables declared in a \fIfor-init-statement\fR extends to the end of the enclosing scope, as was the case in old versions of G++, and other (traditional) implementations of \*(C+. @@ -1326,55 +1273,54 @@ implementations of \*(C+. The default if neither flag is given to follow the standard, but to allow and give a warning for old-style code that would otherwise be invalid, or have different behavior. -.Ip "\fB\-fno-gnu-keywords\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-fno\-gnu\-keywords\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fno-gnu-keywords" Do not recognize \f(CW\*(C`typeof\*(C'\fR as a keyword, so that code can use this word as an identifier. You can use the keyword \f(CW\*(C`_\|_typeof_\|_\*(C'\fR instead. -\&\fB\-ansi\fR implies \fB\-fno-gnu-keywords\fR. -.Ip "\fB\-fno-implicit-templates\fR" 4 +\&\fB\-ansi\fR implies \fB\-fno\-gnu\-keywords\fR. +.IP "\fB\-fno\-implicit\-templates\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fno-implicit-templates" Never emit code for non-inline templates which are instantiated implicitly (i.e. by use); only emit code for explicit instantiations. -.Ip "\fB\-fno-implicit-inline-templates\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-fno\-implicit\-inline\-templates\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fno-implicit-inline-templates" Don't emit code for implicit instantiations of inline templates, either. The default is to handle inlines differently so that compiles with and without optimization will need the same set of explicit instantiations. -.Ip "\fB\-fno-implement-inlines\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-fno\-implement\-inlines\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fno-implement-inlines" To save space, do not emit out-of-line copies of inline functions controlled by \fB#pragma implementation\fR. This will cause linker errors if these functions are not inlined everywhere they are called. -.Ip "\fB\-fms-extensions\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-fms\-extensions\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fms-extensions" Disable pedantic warnings about constructs used in \s-1MFC\s0, such as implicit int and getting a pointer to member function via non-standard syntax. -.Ip "\fB\-fno-nonansi-builtins\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-fno\-nonansi\-builtins\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fno-nonansi-builtins" Disable built-in declarations of functions that are not mandated by \&\s-1ANSI/ISO\s0 C. These include \f(CW\*(C`ffs\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`alloca\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`_exit\*(C'\fR, \&\f(CW\*(C`index\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`bzero\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`conjf\*(C'\fR, and other related functions. -.Ip "\fB\-fno-operator-names\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-fno\-operator\-names\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fno-operator-names" Do not treat the operator name keywords \f(CW\*(C`and\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`bitand\*(C'\fR, \&\f(CW\*(C`bitor\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`compl\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`not\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`or\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`xor\*(C'\fR as synonyms as keywords. -.Ip "\fB\-fno-optional-diags\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-fno\-optional\-diags\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fno-optional-diags" Disable diagnostics that the standard says a compiler does not need to issue. Currently, the only such diagnostic issued by G++ is the one for a name having multiple meanings within a class. -.Ip "\fB\-fpermissive\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-fpermissive\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fpermissive" -Downgrade messages about nonconformant code from errors to warnings. By -default, G++ effectively sets \fB\-pedantic-errors\fR without -\&\fB\-pedantic\fR; this option reverses that. This behavior and this -option are superseded by \fB\-pedantic\fR, which works as it does for \s-1GNU\s0 C. -.Ip "\fB\-frepo\fR" 4 +Downgrade some diagnostics about nonconformant code from errors to +warnings. Thus, using \fB\-fpermissive\fR will allow some +nonconforming code to compile. +.IP "\fB\-frepo\fR" 4 .IX Item "-frepo" Enable automatic template instantiation at link time. This option also -implies \fB\-fno-implicit-templates\fR. -.Ip "\fB\-fno-rtti\fR" 4 +implies \fB\-fno\-implicit\-templates\fR. +.IP "\fB\-fno\-rtti\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fno-rtti" Disable generation of information about every class with virtual functions for use by the \*(C+ runtime type identification features @@ -1382,41 +1328,31 @@ functions for use by the \*(C+ runtime type identification features of the language, you can save some space by using this flag. Note that exception handling uses the same information, but it will generate it as needed. -.Ip "\fB\-fstats\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-fstats\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fstats" Emit statistics about front-end processing at the end of the compilation. This information is generally only useful to the G++ development team. -.Ip "\fB\-ftemplate-depth-\fR\fIn\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-ftemplate\-depth\-\fR\fIn\fR" 4 .IX Item "-ftemplate-depth-n" Set the maximum instantiation depth for template classes to \fIn\fR. A limit on the template instantiation depth is needed to detect endless recursions during template class instantiation. \s-1ANSI/ISO\s0 \*(C+ conforming programs must not rely on a maximum depth greater than 17. -.Ip "\fB\-fuse-cxa-atexit\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-fuse\-cxa\-atexit\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fuse-cxa-atexit" Register destructors for objects with static storage duration with the \&\f(CW\*(C`_\|_cxa_atexit\*(C'\fR function rather than the \f(CW\*(C`atexit\*(C'\fR function. This option is required for fully standards-compliant handling of static destructors, but will only work if your C library supports \&\f(CW\*(C`_\|_cxa_atexit\*(C'\fR. -.Ip "\fB\-fvtable-gc\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-fvtable-gc" -Emit special relocations for vtables and virtual function references -so that the linker can identify unused virtual functions and zero out -vtable slots that refer to them. This is most useful with -\&\fB\-ffunction-sections\fR and \fB\-Wl,\-\-gc-sections\fR, in order to -also discard the functions themselves. -.Sp -This optimization requires \s-1GNU\s0 as and \s-1GNU\s0 ld. Not all systems support -this option. \fB\-Wl,\-\-gc-sections\fR is ignored without \fB\-static\fR. -.Ip "\fB\-fno-weak\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-fno\-weak\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fno-weak" Do not use weak symbol support, even if it is provided by the linker. By default, G++ will use weak symbols if they are available. This -option exists only for testing, and should not be used by end-users; +option exists only for testing, and should not be used by end\-users; it will result in inferior code and has no benefits. This option may be removed in a future release of G++. -.Ip "\fB\-nostdinc++\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-nostdinc++\fR" 4 .IX Item "-nostdinc++" Do not search for header files in the standard directories specific to \&\*(C+, but do still search the other standard directories. (This option @@ -1424,17 +1360,17 @@ is used when building the \*(C+ library.) .PP In addition, these optimization, warning, and code generation options have meanings only for \*(C+ programs: -.Ip "\fB\-fno-default-inline\fR" 4 +.IP "\fB\-fno\-default\-inline\fR" 4 .IX Item "-fno-default-inline" Do not assume \fBinline\fR for functions defined inside a class scope. Note that these functions will have linkage like inline functions; they just won't be inlined by default. -.Ip "\fB\-Wabi\fR (\*(C+ only)" 4 +.IP "\fB\-Wabi\fR (\*(C+ only)" 4 .IX Item "-Wabi ( only)" Warn when G++ generates code that is probably not compatible with the vendor-neutral \*(C+ \s-1ABI\s0. Although an effort has been made to warn about -all such cases, there are probably some cases that are not warned about, +all such cases, there are probably some cases that are not warned about, even though G++ is generating incompatible code. There may also be cases where warnings are emitted even though the code that is generated will be compatible. @@ -1443,22 +1379,23 @@ You should rewrite your code to avoid these warnings if you are concerned about the fact that code generated by G++ may not be binary compatible with code generated by other compilers. .Sp -The known incompatibilites at this point include: +The known incompatibilities at this point include: .RS 4 -.Ip "\(bu" 4 -Incorrect handling of tail-padding for bit-fields. G++ may attempt to +.IP "*" 4 +Incorrect handling of tail-padding for bit\-fields. G++ may attempt to pack data into the same byte as a base class. For example: .Sp .Vb 2 \& struct A { virtual void f(); int f1 : 1; }; \& struct B : public A { int f2 : 1; }; .Ve +.Sp In this case, G++ will place \f(CW\*(C`B::f2\*(C'\fR into the same byte -as\f(CW\*(C`A::f1\*(C'\fR; other compilers will not. You can avoid this problem +as\f(CW\*(C`A::f1\*(C'\fR; other compilers will not. You can avoid this problem by explicitly padding \f(CW\*(C`A\*(C'\fR so that its size is a multiple of the byte size on your platform; that will cause G++ and other compilers to layout \f(CW\*(C`B\*(C'\fR identically. -.Ip "\(bu" 4 +.IP "*" 4 Incorrect handling of tail-padding for virtual bases. G++ does not use tail padding when laying out virtual bases. For example: .Sp @@ -1467,24 +1404,73 @@ tail padding when laying out virtual bases. For example: \& struct B { B(); char c2; }; \& struct C : public A, public virtual B {}; .Ve +.Sp In this case, G++ will not place \f(CW\*(C`B\*(C'\fR into the tail-padding for \&\f(CW\*(C`A\*(C'\fR; other compilers will. You can avoid this problem by explicitly padding \f(CW\*(C`A\*(C'\fR so that its size is a multiple of its alignment (ignoring virtual base classes); that will cause G++ and other compilers to layout \f(CW\*(C`C\*(C'\fR identically. +.IP "*" 4 +Incorrect handling of bit-fields with declared widths greater than that +of their underlying types, when the bit-fields appear in a union. For +example: +.Sp +.Vb 1 +\& union U { int i : 4096; }; +.Ve +.Sp +Assuming that an \f(CW\*(C`int\*(C'\fR does not have 4096 bits, G++ will make the +union too small by the number of bits in an \f(CW\*(C`int\*(C'\fR. +.IP "*" 4 +Empty classes can be placed at incorrect offsets. For example: +.Sp +.Vb 1 +\& struct A {}; +.Ve +.Sp +.Vb 4 +\& struct B { +\& A a; +\& virtual void f (); +\& }; +.Ve +.Sp +.Vb 1 +\& struct C : public B, public A {}; +.Ve +.Sp +G++ will place the \f(CW\*(C`A\*(C'\fR base class of \f(CW\*(C`C\*(C'\fR at a nonzero offset; +it should be placed at offset zero. G++ mistakenly believes that the +\&\f(CW\*(C`A\*(C'\fR data member of \f(CW\*(C`B\*(C'\fR is already at offset zero. +.IP "*" 4 +Names of template functions whose types involve \f(CW\*(C`typename\*(C'\fR or +template template parameters can be mangled incorrectly. +.Sp +.Vb 2 +\& template +\& void f(typename Q::X) {} +.Ve +.Sp +.Vb 2 +\& template