ccdcontrol from NetBSD-1.1. Note it was called "ccdconfig" originally.

This commit is contained in:
Satoshi Asami 1995-12-27 10:51:05 +00:00
parent 9919b89437
commit 89a7b2b714
Notes: svn2git 2020-12-20 02:59:44 +00:00
svn path=/cvs2svn/branches/FREEBSD/; revision=13044
2 changed files with 877 additions and 0 deletions

154
sbin/ccdconfig/ccdconfig.8 Normal file
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.\" $NetBSD: ccdconfig.8,v 1.1.2.1 1995/11/11 02:43:33 thorpej Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1995 Jason R. Thorpe.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
.\" This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project
.\" by Jason R. Thorpe.
.\" 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
.\" BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
.\" LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
.\" AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
.\" OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.Dd July 17, 1995
.Dt CCDCONFIG 8
.Os NetBSD
.Sh NAME
.Nm ccdconfig
.Nd configuration utility for the concatenated disk driver
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm ccdconfig
.Op Fl cv
.Ar ccd
.Ar ileave
.Op Ar flags
.Ar dev
.Op Ar ...
.Nm ccdconfig
.Fl C
.Op Fl v
.Op Fl f Ar config_file
.Nm ccdconfig
.Fl u
.Op Fl v
.Ar ccd
.Op Ar ...
.Nm ccdconfig
.Fl U
.Op Fl v
.Op Fl f Ar config_file
.Nm ccdconfig
.Fl g
.Op Fl M Ar core
.Op Fl N Ar system
.Oo
.Ar ccd Oo ...
.Oc
.Oc
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Ccdconfig
is used to dynamically configure and unconfigure concatenated disk
devices, or ccds. For more information about the ccd, see
.Xr ccd 4 .
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl c
Configure a ccd. This is the default behavior of
.Nm ccdconfig .
.It Fl C
Configure all ccd devices listed in the ccd configuration file.
.It Fl f Ar config_file
When configuring or unconfiguring all devices, read the file
.Pa config_file
instead of the default
.Pa /etc/ccd.conf .
.It Fl g
Dump the current ccd configuration in a format suitable for use as the
ccd configuration file. If no arguments are specified, every configured
ccd is dumped. Otherwise, the configuration of each listed ccd is dumped.
.It Fl M Ar core
Extract values associated with the name list from
.Pa core
instead of the default
.Pa /dev/mem .
.It Fl N Ar system
Extract the name list from
.Pa system
instead of the default
.Pa /netbsd .
.It Fl u
Unconfigure a ccd.
.It Fl U
Unconfigure all ccd devices listed the ccd configuration file.
.It Fl v
Causes
.Nm ccdconfig
to be verbose.
.El
.Pp
A ccd is described on the command line and in the ccd configuration
file by the name of the ccd, the interleave factor, the ccd configuration
flags, and a list of one or more devices. The flags may be represented
as a decimal number, a hexadecimal number, a comma-separated list
of strings, or the word
.Dq none .
The flags are as follows:
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
CCDF_SWAP 0x01 Interleave should be dmmax
CCDF_UNIFORM 0x02 Use uniform interleave
.Ed
.Pp
The format in the
configuration file appears exactly as if it were entered on the command line.
Note that on the command line and in the configuration file, the
.Pa flags
argument is optional.
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
#
# /etc/ccd.conf
# Configuration file for concatenated disk devices
#
.Pp
# ccd ileave flags component devices
ccd0 16 none /dev/sd2e /dev/sd3e
.Ed
.Pp
.Sh EXAMPLE
The following command, executed from the command line, would configure ccd0
with 4 components (/dev/sd2e, /dev/sd3e, /dev/sd4e, /dev/sd5e), and an
interleave factor of 32 blocks.
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
# ccdconfig ccd0 32 0 /dev/sd2e /dev/sd3e /dev/sd4e /dev/sd5e
.Ed
.Pp
.Sh FILES
/etc/ccd.conf - default ccd configuration file.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr ccd 4 ,
.Xr rc 8 .
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm ccdconfig
command first appeared in
.Nx 1.0a .

723
sbin/ccdconfig/ccdconfig.c Normal file
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/* $NetBSD: ccdconfig.c,v 1.2.2.1 1995/11/11 02:43:35 thorpej Exp $ */
/*
* Copyright (c) 1995 Jason R. Thorpe.
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
* must display the following acknowledgement:
* This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project
* by Jason R. Thorpe.
* 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
* derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
* OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
* BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
* LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
* AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
* OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/disklabel.h>
#include <sys/device.h>
#include <sys/disk.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <kvm.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <nlist.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <dev/ccdvar.h>
#include "pathnames.h"
extern char *__progname;
static int lineno = 0;
static int verbose = 0;
static char *ccdconf = _PATH_CCDCONF;
static char *core = NULL;
static char *kernel = NULL;
struct flagval {
char *fv_flag;
int fv_val;
} flagvaltab[] = {
{ "CCDF_SWAP", CCDF_SWAP },
{ "CCDF_UNIFORM", CCDF_UNIFORM },
{ NULL, 0 },
};
static struct nlist nl[] = {
{ "_ccd_softc" },
#define SYM_CCDSOFTC 0
{ "_numccd" },
#define SYM_NUMCCD 1
{ NULL },
};
#define CCD_CONFIG 0 /* configure a device */
#define CCD_CONFIGALL 1 /* configure all devices */
#define CCD_UNCONFIG 2 /* unconfigure a device */
#define CCD_UNCONFIGALL 3 /* unconfigure all devices */
#define CCD_DUMP 4 /* dump a ccd's configuration */
static int checkdev __P((char *));
static int do_io __P((char *, u_long, struct ccd_ioctl *));
static int do_single __P((int, char **, int));
static int do_all __P((int));
static int dump_ccd __P((int, char **));
static int getmaxpartitions __P((void));
static int getrawpartition __P((void));
static int flags_to_val __P((char *));
static int pathtodevt __P((char *, dev_t *));
static void print_ccd_info __P((struct ccd_softc *, kvm_t *));
static char *resolve_ccdname __P((char *));
static void usage __P((void));
int
main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
int ch, options = 0, action = CCD_CONFIG;
while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "cCf:gM:N:uUv")) != -1) {
switch (ch) {
case 'c':
action = CCD_CONFIG;
++options;
break;
case 'C':
action = CCD_CONFIGALL;
++options;
break;
case 'f':
ccdconf = optarg;
break;
case 'g':
action = CCD_DUMP;
break;
case 'M':
core = optarg;
break;
case 'N':
kernel = optarg;
break;
case 'u':
action = CCD_UNCONFIG;
++options;
break;
case 'U':
action = CCD_UNCONFIGALL;
++options;
break;
case 'v':
verbose = 1;
break;
default:
usage();
}
}
argc -= optind;
argv += optind;
if (options > 1)
usage();
switch (action) {
case CCD_CONFIG:
case CCD_UNCONFIG:
exit(do_single(argc, argv, action));
/* NOTREACHED */
case CCD_CONFIGALL:
case CCD_UNCONFIGALL:
exit(do_all(action));
/* NOTREACHED */
case CCD_DUMP:
exit(dump_ccd(argc, argv));
/* NOTREACHED */
}
/* NOTREACHED */
}
static int
do_single(argc, argv, action)
int argc;
char **argv;
int action;
{
struct ccd_ioctl ccio;
char *ccd, *cp, *cp2, **disks;
int noflags = 0, i, ileave, flags, j, error;
bzero(&ccio, sizeof(ccio));
/*
* If unconfiguring, all arguments are treated as ccds.
*/
if (action == CCD_UNCONFIG || action == CCD_UNCONFIGALL) {
for (i = 0; argc != 0; ) {
cp = *argv++; --argc;
if ((ccd = resolve_ccdname(cp)) == NULL) {
warnx("invalid ccd name: %s", cp);
i = 1;
continue;
}
if (do_io(ccd, CCDIOCCLR, &ccio))
i = 1;
else
if (verbose)
printf("%s unconfigured\n", cp);
}
return (i);
}
/* Make sure there are enough arguments. */
if (argc < 4)
if (argc == 3) {
/* Assume that no flags are specified. */
noflags = 1;
} else {
if (action == CCD_CONFIGALL) {
warnx("%s: bad line: %d", ccdconf, lineno);
return (1);
} else
usage();
}
/* First argument is the ccd to configure. */
cp = *argv++; --argc;
if ((ccd = resolve_ccdname(cp)) == NULL) {
warnx("invalid ccd name: %s", cp);
return (1);
}
/* Next argument is the interleave factor. */
cp = *argv++; --argc;
errno = 0; /* to check for ERANGE */
ileave = (int)strtol(cp, &cp2, 10);
if ((errno == ERANGE) || (ileave < 0) || (*cp2 != '\0')) {
warnx("invalid interleave factor: %s", cp);
return (1);
}
if (noflags == 0) {
/* Next argument is the ccd configuration flags. */
cp = *argv++; --argc;
if ((flags = flags_to_val(cp)) < 0) {
warnx("invalid flags argument: %s", cp);
return (1);
}
}
/* Next is the list of disks to make the ccd from. */
disks = malloc(argc * sizeof(char *));
if (disks == NULL) {
warnx("no memory to configure ccd");
return (1);
}
for (i = 0; argc != 0; ) {
cp = *argv++; --argc;
if ((j = checkdev(cp)) == 0)
disks[i++] = cp;
else {
warnx("%s: %s", cp, strerror(j));
return (1);
}
}
/* Fill in the ccio. */
ccio.ccio_disks = disks;
ccio.ccio_ndisks = i;
ccio.ccio_ileave = ileave;
ccio.ccio_flags = flags;
if (do_io(ccd, CCDIOCSET, &ccio)) {
free(disks);
return (1);
}
if (verbose) {
printf("ccd%d: %d components ", ccio.ccio_unit,
ccio.ccio_ndisks);
for (i = 0; i < ccio.ccio_ndisks; ++i) {
if ((cp2 = strrchr(disks[i], '/')) != NULL)
++cp2;
else
cp2 = disks[i];
printf("%c%s%c",
i == 0 ? '(' : ' ', cp2,
i == ccio.ccio_ndisks - 1 ? ')' : ',');
}
printf(", %d blocks ", ccio.ccio_size);
if (ccio.ccio_ileave != 0)
printf("interleaved at %d blocks\n", ccio.ccio_ileave);
else
printf("concatenated\n");
}
free(disks);
return (0);
}
static int
do_all(action)
int action;
{
FILE *f;
char line[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX];
char *cp, **argv;
int argc, rval;
if ((f = fopen(ccdconf, "r")) == NULL) {
warn("fopen: %s", ccdconf);
return (1);
}
while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f) != NULL) {
argc = 0;
argv = NULL;
++lineno;
if ((cp = strrchr(line, '\n')) != NULL)
*cp = '\0';
/* Break up the line and pass it's contents to do_single(). */
if (line[0] == '\0')
goto end_of_line;
for (cp = line; (cp = strtok(cp, " \t")) != NULL; cp = NULL) {
if (*cp == '#')
break;
if ((argv = realloc(argv,
sizeof(char *) * ++argc)) == NULL) {
warnx("no memory to configure ccds");
return (1);
}
argv[argc - 1] = cp;
/*
* If our action is to unconfigure all, then pass
* just the first token to do_single() and ignore
* the rest. Since this will be encountered on
* our first pass through the line, the Right
* Thing will happen.
*/
if (action == CCD_UNCONFIGALL) {
if (do_single(argc, argv, action))
rval = 1;
goto end_of_line;
}
}
if (argc != 0)
if (do_single(argc, argv, action))
rval = 1;
end_of_line:
if (argv != NULL)
free(argv);
}
(void)fclose(f);
return (rval);
}
static int
checkdev(path)
char *path;
{
struct stat st;
if (stat(path, &st) != 0)
return (errno);
if (!S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) && !S_ISCHR(st.st_mode))
return (EINVAL);
return (0);
}
static int
pathtounit(path, unitp)
char *path;
int *unitp;
{
struct stat st;
dev_t dev;
int maxpartitions;
if (stat(path, &st) != 0)
return (errno);
if (!S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) && !S_ISCHR(st.st_mode))
return (EINVAL);
if ((maxpartitions = getmaxpartitions()) < 0)
return (errno);
*unitp = minor(st.st_rdev) / maxpartitions;
return (0);
}
static char *
resolve_ccdname(name)
char *name;
{
char c, *cp, *path;
size_t len, newlen;
int rawpart;
if (name[0] == '/' || name[0] == '.') {
/* Assume they gave the correct pathname. */
return (strdup(name));
}
len = strlen(name);
c = name[len - 1];
newlen = len + 8;
if ((path = malloc(newlen)) == NULL)
return (NULL);
bzero(path, newlen);
if (isdigit(c)) {
if ((rawpart = getrawpartition()) < 0) {
free(path);
return (NULL);
}
(void)sprintf(path, "/dev/%s%c", name, 'a' + rawpart);
} else
(void)sprintf(path, "/dev/%s", name);
return (path);
}
static int
do_io(path, cmd, cciop)
char *path;
u_long cmd;
struct ccd_ioctl *cciop;
{
int fd;
char *cp;
if ((fd = open(path, O_RDWR, 0640)) < 0) {
warn("open: %s", path);
return (1);
}
if (ioctl(fd, cmd, cciop) < 0) {
switch (cmd) {
case CCDIOCSET:
cp = "CCDIOCSET";
break;
case CCDIOCCLR:
cp = "CCDIOCCLR";
break;
default:
cp = "unknown";
}
warn("ioctl (%s): %s", cp, path);
return (1);
}
return (0);
}
#define KVM_ABORT(kd, str) { \
(void)kvm_close((kd)); \
warnx((str)); \
warnx(kvm_geterr((kd))); \
return (1); \
}
static int
dump_ccd(argc, argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
char errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX], *ccd, *cp;
struct ccd_softc *cs, *kcs;
size_t readsize;
int i, error, numccd, numconfiged = 0;
kvm_t *kd;
bzero(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
if ((kd = kvm_openfiles(kernel, core, NULL, O_RDONLY,
errbuf)) == NULL) {
warnx("can't open kvm: %s", errbuf);
return (1);
}
if (kvm_nlist(kd, nl))
KVM_ABORT(kd, "ccd-related symbols not available");
/* Check to see how many ccds are currently configured. */
if (kvm_read(kd, nl[SYM_NUMCCD].n_value, (char *)&numccd,
sizeof(numccd)) != sizeof(numccd))
KVM_ABORT(kd, "can't determine number of configured ccds");
if (numccd == 0) {
printf("ccd driver in kernel, but is uninitialized\n");
goto done;
}
/* Allocate space for the configuration data. */
readsize = numccd * sizeof(struct ccd_softc);
if ((cs = malloc(readsize)) == NULL) {
warnx("no memory for configuration data");
goto bad;
}
bzero(cs, readsize);
/*
* Read the ccd configuration data from the kernel and dump
* it to stdout.
*/
if (kvm_read(kd, nl[SYM_CCDSOFTC].n_value, (char *)&kcs,
sizeof(kcs)) != sizeof(kcs)) {
free(cs);
KVM_ABORT(kd, "can't find pointer to configuration data");
}
if (kvm_read(kd, (u_long)kcs, (char *)cs, readsize) != readsize) {
free(cs);
KVM_ABORT(kd, "can't read configuration data");
}
if (argc == 0) {
for (i = 0; i < numccd; ++i)
if (cs[i].sc_flags & CCDF_INITED) {
++numconfiged;
print_ccd_info(&cs[i], kd);
}
if (numconfiged == 0)
printf("no concatenated disks configured\n");
} else {
while (argc) {
cp = *argv++; --argc;
if ((ccd = resolve_ccdname(cp)) == NULL) {
warnx("invalid ccd name: %s", cp);
continue;
}
if ((error = pathtounit(ccd, &i)) != 0) {
warnx("%s: %s", ccd, strerror(error));
continue;
}
if (i >= numccd) {
warnx("ccd%d not configured", i);
continue;
}
if (cs[i].sc_flags & CCDF_INITED)
print_ccd_info(&cs[i], kd);
else
printf("ccd%d not configured\n", i);
}
}
free(cs);
done:
(void)kvm_close(kd);
return (0);
bad:
(void)kvm_close(kd);
return (1);
}
static void
print_ccd_info(cs, kd)
struct ccd_softc *cs;
kvm_t *kd;
{
static int header_printed = 0;
struct ccdcinfo *cip;
size_t readsize;
char path[MAXPATHLEN];
int i;
if (header_printed == 0 && verbose) {
printf("# ccd\t\tileave\tflags\tcompnent devices\n");
header_printed = 1;
}
readsize = cs->sc_nccdisks * sizeof(struct ccdcinfo);
if ((cip = malloc(readsize)) == NULL) {
warn("ccd%d: can't allocate memory for component info",
cs->sc_unit);
return;
}
bzero(cip, readsize);
/* Dump out softc information. */
printf("ccd%d\t\t%d\t%d\t", cs->sc_unit, cs->sc_ileave,
cs->sc_cflags & CCDF_USERMASK);
fflush(stdout);
/* Read in the component info. */
if (kvm_read(kd, (u_long)cs->sc_cinfo, (char *)cip,
readsize) != readsize) {
printf("\n");
warnx("can't read component info");
warnx(kvm_geterr(kd));
goto done;
}
/* Read component pathname and display component info. */
for (i = 0; i < cs->sc_nccdisks; ++i) {
if (kvm_read(kd, (u_long)cip[i].ci_path, (char *)path,
cip[i].ci_pathlen) != cip[i].ci_pathlen) {
printf("\n");
warnx("can't read component pathname");
warnx(kvm_geterr(kd));
goto done;
}
printf((i + 1 < cs->sc_nccdisks) ? "%s " : "%s\n", path);
fflush(stdout);
}
done:
free(cip);
}
static int
getmaxpartitions()
{
int maxpart, mib[2];
size_t varlen;
mib[0] = CTL_KERN;
mib[1] = KERN_MAXPARTITIONS;
varlen = sizeof(maxpart);
if (sysctl(mib, 2, &maxpart, &varlen, NULL, 0) < 0)
return (-1);
return (maxpart);
}
static int
getrawpartition()
{
int rawpart, mib[2];
size_t varlen;
mib[0] = CTL_KERN;
mib[1] = KERN_RAWPARTITION;
varlen = sizeof(rawpart);
if (sysctl(mib, 2, &rawpart, &varlen, NULL, 0) < 0)
return (-1);
return (rawpart);
}
static int
flags_to_val(flags)
char *flags;
{
char *cp, *tok;
int i, tmp, val = ~CCDF_USERMASK;
size_t flagslen;
/*
* The most common case is that of NIL flags, so check for
* those first.
*/
if (strcmp("none", flags) == 0 || strcmp("0x0", flags) == 0 ||
strcmp("0", flags) == 0)
return (0);
flagslen = strlen(flags);
/* Check for values represented by strings. */
if ((cp = strdup(flags)) == NULL)
err(1, "no memory to parse flags");
tmp = 0;
for (tok = cp; (tok = strtok(tok, ",")) != NULL; tok = NULL) {
for (i = 0; flagvaltab[i].fv_flag != NULL; ++i)
if (strcmp(tok, flagvaltab[i].fv_flag) == 0)
break;
if (flagvaltab[i].fv_flag == NULL) {
free(cp);
goto bad_string;
}
tmp |= flagvaltab[i].fv_val;
}
/* If we get here, the string was ok. */
free(cp);
val = tmp;
goto out;
bad_string:
/* Check for values represented in hex. */
if (flagslen > 2 && flags[0] == '0' && flags[1] == 'x') {
errno = 0; /* to check for ERANGE */
val = (int)strtol(&flags[2], &cp, 16);
if ((errno == ERANGE) || (*cp != '\0'))
return (-1);
goto out;
}
/* Check for values represented in decimal. */
errno = 0; /* to check for ERANGE */
val = (int)strtol(flags, &cp, 10);
if ((errno == ERANGE) || (*cp != '\0'))
return (-1);
out:
return (((val & ~CCDF_USERMASK) == 0) ? val : -1);
}
static void
usage()
{
fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s [-cv] ccd ileave [flags] %s\n", __progname,
"dev [...]");
fprintf(stderr, " %s -C [-v] [-f config_file]\n", __progname);
fprintf(stderr, " %s -u [-v] ccd [...]\n", __progname);
fprintf(stderr, " %s -U [-v] [-f config_file]\n", __progname);
fprintf(stderr, " %s -g [-M core] [-N system] %s\n", __progname,
"[ccd [...]]");
exit(1);
}