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Add manpages under gnu/usr.bin/binutils, since they are generated.

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Dimitry Andric 2010-11-01 19:45:15 +00:00
parent 28b535d1e0
commit 8bdf879215
Notes: svn2git 2020-12-20 02:59:44 +00:00 
svn path=/projects/binutils-2.17/; revision=214640
12 changed files with 7367 additions and 0 deletions
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gnu/usr.bin/binutils/addr2line/addr2line.1 Normal file
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.\" $FreeBSD$
.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.23 (Pod::Simple 3.14)
.\"
.\" Standard preamble:
.\" ========================================================================
.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
.if t .sp .5v
.if n .sp
..
.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
.ft CW
.nf
.ne \\$1
..
.de Ve \" End verbatim text
.ft R
.fi
..
.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will
.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. \*(C+ will
.\" give a nicer C++. Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
.\" therefore won't be available. \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
.tr \(*W-
.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
.ie n \{\
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. if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
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. ds R" ""
. ds C` ""
. ds C' ""
'br\}
.el\{\
. ds -- \|\(em\|
. ds PI \(*p
. ds L" ``
. ds R" ''
'br\}
.\"
.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.\"
.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
.\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the
.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
.ie \nF \{\
. de IX
. tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
..
. nr % 0
. rr F
.\}
.el \{\
. de IX
..
.\}
.\"
.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
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. \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
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. ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
. ds #V .6m
. ds #F 0
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.\}
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.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
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.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
. \" corrections for vroff
.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
. \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
\{\
. ds : e
. ds 8 ss
. ds o a
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.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "ADDR2LINE 1"
.TH ADDR2LINE 1 "2010-10-30" "binutils-2.17.50" "GNU Development Tools"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
addr2line \- convert addresses into file names and line numbers.
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
addr2line [\fB\-b\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
[\fB\-C\fR|\fB\-\-demangle\fR[=\fIstyle\fR]]
[\fB\-e\fR \fIfilename\fR|\fB\-\-exe=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
[\fB\-f\fR|\fB\-\-functions\fR] [\fB\-s\fR|\fB\-\-basename\fR]
[\fB\-i\fR|\fB\-\-inlines\fR]
[\fB\-j\fR|\fB\-\-section=\fR\fIname\fR]
[\fB\-H\fR|\fB\-\-help\fR] [\fB\-V\fR|\fB\-\-version\fR]
[addr addr ...]
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
\&\fBaddr2line\fR translates addresses into file names and line numbers.
Given an address in an executable or an offset in a section of a relocatable
object, it uses the debugging information to figure out which file name and
line number are associated with it.
.PP
The executable or relocatable object to use is specified with the \fB\-e\fR
option. The default is the file \fIa.out\fR. The section in the relocatable
object to use is specified with the \fB\-j\fR option.
.PP
\&\fBaddr2line\fR has two modes of operation.
.PP
In the first, hexadecimal addresses are specified on the command line,
and \fBaddr2line\fR displays the file name and line number for each
address.
.PP
In the second, \fBaddr2line\fR reads hexadecimal addresses from
standard input, and prints the file name and line number for each
address on standard output. In this mode, \fBaddr2line\fR may be used
in a pipe to convert dynamically chosen addresses.
.PP
The format of the output is \fB\s-1FILENAME:LINENO\s0\fR. The file name and
line number for each address is printed on a separate line. If the
\&\fB\-f\fR option is used, then each \fB\s-1FILENAME:LINENO\s0\fR line is
preceded by a \fB\s-1FUNCTIONNAME\s0\fR line which is the name of the function
containing the address.
.PP
If the file name or function name can not be determined,
\&\fBaddr2line\fR will print two question marks in their place. If the
line number can not be determined, \fBaddr2line\fR will print 0.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are
equivalent.
.IP "\fB\-b\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
.IX Item "-b bfdname"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
.IX Item "--target=bfdname"
.PD
Specify that the object-code format for the object files is
\&\fIbfdname\fR.
.IP "\fB\-C\fR" 4
.IX Item "-C"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-demangle[=\fR\fIstyle\fR\fB]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--demangle[=style]"
.PD
Decode (\fIdemangle\fR) low-level symbol names into user-level names.
Besides removing any initial underscore prepended by the system, this
makes \*(C+ function names readable. Different compilers have different
mangling styles. The optional demangling style argument can be used to
choose an appropriate demangling style for your compiler.
.IP "\fB\-e\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4
.IX Item "-e filename"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-exe=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
.IX Item "--exe=filename"
.PD
Specify the name of the executable for which addresses should be
translated. The default file is \fIa.out\fR.
.IP "\fB\-f\fR" 4
.IX Item "-f"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-functions\fR" 4
.IX Item "--functions"
.PD
Display function names as well as file and line number information.
.IP "\fB\-s\fR" 4
.IX Item "-s"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-basenames\fR" 4
.IX Item "--basenames"
.PD
Display only the base of each file name.
.IP "\fB\-i\fR" 4
.IX Item "-i"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-inlines\fR" 4
.IX Item "--inlines"
.PD
If the address belongs to a function that was inlined, the source
information for all enclosing scopes back to the first non-inlined
function will also be printed. For example, if \f(CW\*(C`main\*(C'\fR inlines
\&\f(CW\*(C`callee1\*(C'\fR which inlines \f(CW\*(C`callee2\*(C'\fR, and address is from
\&\f(CW\*(C`callee2\*(C'\fR, the source information for \f(CW\*(C`callee1\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`main\*(C'\fR
will also be printed.
.IP "\fB\-j\fR" 4
.IX Item "-j"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-section\fR" 4
.IX Item "--section"
.PD
Read offsets relative to the specified section instead of absolute addresses.
.IP "\fB@\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
.IX Item "@file"
Read command-line options from \fIfile\fR. The options read are
inserted in place of the original @\fIfile\fR option. If \fIfile\fR
does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated
literally, and not removed.
.Sp
Options in \fIfile\fR are separated by whitespace. A whitespace
character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire
option in either single or double quotes. Any character (including a
backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included
with a backslash. The \fIfile\fR may itself contain additional
@\fIfile\fR options; any such options will be processed recursively.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
Info entries for \fIbinutils\fR.
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.PP
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
section entitled \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License\*(R".

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.\" $FreeBSD$
.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.23 (Pod::Simple 3.14)
.\"
.\" Standard preamble:
.\" ========================================================================
.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
.if t .sp .5v
.if n .sp
..
.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
.ft CW
.nf
.ne \\$1
..
.de Ve \" End verbatim text
.ft R
.fi
..
.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will
.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. \*(C+ will
.\" give a nicer C++. Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
.\" therefore won't be available. \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
.tr \(*W-
.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
.ie n \{\
. ds -- \(*W-
. ds PI pi
. if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
. if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch
. ds L" ""
. ds R" ""
. ds C` ""
. ds C' ""
'br\}
.el\{\
. ds -- \|\(em\|
. ds PI \(*p
. ds L" ``
. ds R" ''
'br\}
.\"
.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.\"
.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
.\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the
.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
.ie \nF \{\
. de IX
. tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
..
. nr % 0
. rr F
.\}
.el \{\
. de IX
..
.\}
.\"
.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
.\" Fear. Run. Save yourself. No user-serviceable parts.
. \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
. ds #H 0
. ds #V .8m
. ds #F .3m
. ds #[ \f1
. ds #] \fP
.\}
.if t \{\
. ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
. ds #V .6m
. ds #F 0
. ds #[ \&
. ds #] \&
.\}
. \" simple accents for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
. ds ' \&
. ds ` \&
. ds ^ \&
. ds , \&
. ds ~ ~
. ds /
.\}
.if t \{\
. ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
. ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
. ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
. ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
. ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
. ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
.\}
. \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
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.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
. \" corrections for vroff
.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
. \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
\{\
. ds : e
. ds 8 ss
. ds o a
. ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
. ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
. ds th \o'bp'
. ds Th \o'LP'
. ds ae ae
. ds Ae AE
.\}
.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "AR 1"
.TH AR 1 "2010-10-30" "binutils-2.17.50" "GNU Development Tools"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
ar \- create, modify, and extract from archives
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
ar [\fB\-X32_64\fR] [\fB\-\fR]\fIp\fR[\fImod\fR [\fIrelpos\fR] [\fIcount\fR]] \fIarchive\fR [\fImember\fR...]
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
The \s-1GNU\s0 \fBar\fR program creates, modifies, and extracts from
archives. An \fIarchive\fR is a single file holding a collection of
other files in a structure that makes it possible to retrieve
the original individual files (called \fImembers\fR of the archive).
.PP
The original files' contents, mode (permissions), timestamp, owner, and
group are preserved in the archive, and can be restored on
extraction.
.PP
\&\s-1GNU\s0 \fBar\fR can maintain archives whose members have names of any
length; however, depending on how \fBar\fR is configured on your
system, a limit on member-name length may be imposed for compatibility
with archive formats maintained with other tools. If it exists, the
limit is often 15 characters (typical of formats related to a.out) or 16
characters (typical of formats related to coff).
.PP
\&\fBar\fR is considered a binary utility because archives of this sort
are most often used as \fIlibraries\fR holding commonly needed
subroutines.
.PP
\&\fBar\fR creates an index to the symbols defined in relocatable
object modules in the archive when you specify the modifier \fBs\fR.
Once created, this index is updated in the archive whenever \fBar\fR
makes a change to its contents (save for the \fBq\fR update operation).
An archive with such an index speeds up linking to the library, and
allows routines in the library to call each other without regard to
their placement in the archive.
.PP
You may use \fBnm \-s\fR or \fBnm \-\-print\-armap\fR to list this index
table. If an archive lacks the table, another form of \fBar\fR called
\&\fBranlib\fR can be used to add just the table.
.PP
\&\s-1GNU\s0 \fBar\fR is designed to be compatible with two different
facilities. You can control its activity using command-line options,
like the different varieties of \fBar\fR on Unix systems; or, if you
specify the single command-line option \fB\-M\fR, you can control it
with a script supplied via standard input, like the \s-1MRI\s0 \*(L"librarian\*(R"
program.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
\&\s-1GNU\s0 \fBar\fR allows you to mix the operation code \fIp\fR and modifier
flags \fImod\fR in any order, within the first command-line argument.
.PP
If you wish, you may begin the first command-line argument with a
dash.
.PP
The \fIp\fR keyletter specifies what operation to execute; it may be
any of the following, but you must specify only one of them:
.IP "\fBd\fR" 4
.IX Item "d"
\&\fIDelete\fR modules from the archive. Specify the names of modules to
be deleted as \fImember\fR...; the archive is untouched if you
specify no files to delete.
.Sp
If you specify the \fBv\fR modifier, \fBar\fR lists each module
as it is deleted.
.IP "\fBm\fR" 4
.IX Item "m"
Use this operation to \fImove\fR members in an archive.
.Sp
The ordering of members in an archive can make a difference in how
programs are linked using the library, if a symbol is defined in more
than one member.
.Sp
If no modifiers are used with \f(CW\*(C`m\*(C'\fR, any members you name in the
\&\fImember\fR arguments are moved to the \fIend\fR of the archive;
you can use the \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, or \fBi\fR modifiers to move them to a
specified place instead.
.IP "\fBp\fR" 4
.IX Item "p"
\&\fIPrint\fR the specified members of the archive, to the standard
output file. If the \fBv\fR modifier is specified, show the member
name before copying its contents to standard output.
.Sp
If you specify no \fImember\fR arguments, all the files in the archive are
printed.
.IP "\fBq\fR" 4
.IX Item "q"
\&\fIQuick append\fR; Historically, add the files \fImember\fR... to the end of
\&\fIarchive\fR, without checking for replacement.
.Sp
The modifiers \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, and \fBi\fR do \fInot\fR affect this
operation; new members are always placed at the end of the archive.
.Sp
The modifier \fBv\fR makes \fBar\fR list each file as it is appended.
.Sp
Since the point of this operation is speed, the archive's symbol table
index is not updated, even if it already existed; you can use \fBar s\fR or
\&\fBranlib\fR explicitly to update the symbol table index.
.Sp
However, too many different systems assume quick append rebuilds the
index, so \s-1GNU\s0 \fBar\fR implements \fBq\fR as a synonym for \fBr\fR.
.IP "\fBr\fR" 4
.IX Item "r"
Insert the files \fImember\fR... into \fIarchive\fR (with
\&\fIreplacement\fR). This operation differs from \fBq\fR in that any
previously existing members are deleted if their names match those being
added.
.Sp
If one of the files named in \fImember\fR... does not exist, \fBar\fR
displays an error message, and leaves undisturbed any existing members
of the archive matching that name.
.Sp
By default, new members are added at the end of the file; but you may
use one of the modifiers \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, or \fBi\fR to request
placement relative to some existing member.
.Sp
The modifier \fBv\fR used with this operation elicits a line of
output for each file inserted, along with one of the letters \fBa\fR or
\&\fBr\fR to indicate whether the file was appended (no old member
deleted) or replaced.
.IP "\fBt\fR" 4
.IX Item "t"
Display a \fItable\fR listing the contents of \fIarchive\fR, or those
of the files listed in \fImember\fR... that are present in the
archive. Normally only the member name is shown; if you also want to
see the modes (permissions), timestamp, owner, group, and size, you can
request that by also specifying the \fBv\fR modifier.
.Sp
If you do not specify a \fImember\fR, all files in the archive
are listed.
.Sp
If there is more than one file with the same name (say, \fBfie\fR) in
an archive (say \fBb.a\fR), \fBar t b.a fie\fR lists only the
first instance; to see them all, you must ask for a complete
listing\-\-\-in our example, \fBar t b.a\fR.
.IP "\fBx\fR" 4
.IX Item "x"
\&\fIExtract\fR members (named \fImember\fR) from the archive. You can
use the \fBv\fR modifier with this operation, to request that
\&\fBar\fR list each name as it extracts it.
.Sp
If you do not specify a \fImember\fR, all files in the archive
are extracted.
.PP
A number of modifiers (\fImod\fR) may immediately follow the \fIp\fR
keyletter, to specify variations on an operation's behavior:
.IP "\fBa\fR" 4
.IX Item "a"
Add new files \fIafter\fR an existing member of the
archive. If you use the modifier \fBa\fR, the name of an existing archive
member must be present as the \fIrelpos\fR argument, before the
\&\fIarchive\fR specification.
.IP "\fBb\fR" 4
.IX Item "b"
Add new files \fIbefore\fR an existing member of the
archive. If you use the modifier \fBb\fR, the name of an existing archive
member must be present as the \fIrelpos\fR argument, before the
\&\fIarchive\fR specification. (same as \fBi\fR).
.IP "\fBc\fR" 4
.IX Item "c"
\&\fICreate\fR the archive. The specified \fIarchive\fR is always
created if it did not exist, when you request an update. But a warning is
issued unless you specify in advance that you expect to create it, by
using this modifier.
.IP "\fBf\fR" 4
.IX Item "f"
Truncate names in the archive. \s-1GNU\s0 \fBar\fR will normally permit file
names of any length. This will cause it to create archives which are
not compatible with the native \fBar\fR program on some systems. If
this is a concern, the \fBf\fR modifier may be used to truncate file
names when putting them in the archive.
.IP "\fBi\fR" 4
.IX Item "i"
Insert new files \fIbefore\fR an existing member of the
archive. If you use the modifier \fBi\fR, the name of an existing archive
member must be present as the \fIrelpos\fR argument, before the
\&\fIarchive\fR specification. (same as \fBb\fR).
.IP "\fBl\fR" 4
.IX Item "l"
This modifier is accepted but not used.
.IP "\fBN\fR" 4
.IX Item "N"
Uses the \fIcount\fR parameter. This is used if there are multiple
entries in the archive with the same name. Extract or delete instance
\&\fIcount\fR of the given name from the archive.
.IP "\fBo\fR" 4
.IX Item "o"
Preserve the \fIoriginal\fR dates of members when extracting them. If
you do not specify this modifier, files extracted from the archive
are stamped with the time of extraction.
.IP "\fBP\fR" 4
.IX Item "P"
Use the full path name when matching names in the archive. \s-1GNU\s0
\&\fBar\fR can not create an archive with a full path name (such archives
are not \s-1POSIX\s0 complaint), but other archive creators can. This option
will cause \s-1GNU\s0 \fBar\fR to match file names using a complete path
name, which can be convenient when extracting a single file from an
archive created by another tool.
.IP "\fBs\fR" 4
.IX Item "s"
Write an object-file index into the archive, or update an existing one,
even if no other change is made to the archive. You may use this modifier
flag either with any operation, or alone. Running \fBar s\fR on an
archive is equivalent to running \fBranlib\fR on it.
.IP "\fBS\fR" 4
.IX Item "S"
Do not generate an archive symbol table. This can speed up building a
large library in several steps. The resulting archive can not be used
with the linker. In order to build a symbol table, you must omit the
\&\fBS\fR modifier on the last execution of \fBar\fR, or you must run
\&\fBranlib\fR on the archive.
.IP "\fBu\fR" 4
.IX Item "u"
Normally, \fBar r\fR... inserts all files
listed into the archive. If you would like to insert \fIonly\fR those
of the files you list that are newer than existing members of the same
names, use this modifier. The \fBu\fR modifier is allowed only for the
operation \fBr\fR (replace). In particular, the combination \fBqu\fR is
not allowed, since checking the timestamps would lose any speed
advantage from the operation \fBq\fR.
.IP "\fBv\fR" 4
.IX Item "v"
This modifier requests the \fIverbose\fR version of an operation. Many
operations display additional information, such as filenames processed,
when the modifier \fBv\fR is appended.
.IP "\fBV\fR" 4
.IX Item "V"
This modifier shows the version number of \fBar\fR.
.PP
\&\fBar\fR ignores an initial option spelt \fB\-X32_64\fR, for
compatibility with \s-1AIX\s0. The behaviour produced by this option is the
default for \s-1GNU\s0 \fBar\fR. \fBar\fR does not support any of the other
\&\fB\-X\fR options; in particular, it does not support \fB\-X32\fR
which is the default for \s-1AIX\s0 \fBar\fR.
.IP "\fB@\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
.IX Item "@file"
Read command-line options from \fIfile\fR. The options read are
inserted in place of the original @\fIfile\fR option. If \fIfile\fR
does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated
literally, and not removed.
.Sp
Options in \fIfile\fR are separated by whitespace. A whitespace
character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire
option in either single or double quotes. Any character (including a
backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included
with a backslash. The \fIfile\fR may itself contain additional
@\fIfile\fR options; any such options will be processed recursively.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\fInm\fR\|(1), \fIranlib\fR\|(1), and the Info entries for \fIbinutils\fR.
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.PP
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
section entitled \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License\*(R".

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.\" $FreeBSD$
.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.23 (Pod::Simple 3.14)
.\"
.\" Standard preamble:
.\" ========================================================================
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.if t .sp .5v
.if n .sp
..
.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
.ft CW
.nf
.ne \\$1
..
.de Ve \" End verbatim text
.ft R
.fi
..
.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will
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.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. \*(C+ will
.\" give a nicer C++. Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
.\" therefore won't be available. \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
.tr \(*W-
.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
.ie n \{\
. ds -- \(*W-
. ds PI pi
. if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
. if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch
. ds L" ""
. ds R" ""
. ds C` ""
. ds C' ""
'br\}
.el\{\
. ds -- \|\(em\|
. ds PI \(*p
. ds L" ``
. ds R" ''
'br\}
.\"
.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.\"
.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
.\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the
.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
.ie \nF \{\
. de IX
. tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
..
. nr % 0
. rr F
.\}
.el \{\
. de IX
..
.\}
.\"
.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
.\" Fear. Run. Save yourself. No user-serviceable parts.
. \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
. ds #H 0
. ds #V .8m
. ds #F .3m
. ds #[ \f1
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.\}
.if t \{\
. ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
. ds #V .6m
. ds #F 0
. ds #[ \&
. ds #] \&
.\}
. \" simple accents for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
. ds ' \&
. ds ` \&
. ds ^ \&
. ds , \&
. ds ~ ~
. ds /
.\}
.if t \{\
. ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
. ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
. ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
. ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
. ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
. ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
.\}
. \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
. \" corrections for vroff
.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
. \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
\{\
. ds : e
. ds 8 ss
. ds o a
. ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
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. ds th \o'bp'
. ds Th \o'LP'
. ds ae ae
. ds Ae AE
.\}
.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "NM 1"
.TH NM 1 "2010-10-30" "binutils-2.17.50" "GNU Development Tools"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
nm \- list symbols from object files
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
nm [\fB\-a\fR|\fB\-\-debug\-syms\fR] [\fB\-g\fR|\fB\-\-extern\-only\fR]
[\fB\-B\fR] [\fB\-C\fR|\fB\-\-demangle\fR[=\fIstyle\fR]] [\fB\-D\fR|\fB\-\-dynamic\fR]
[\fB\-S\fR|\fB\-\-print\-size\fR] [\fB\-s\fR|\fB\-\-print\-armap\fR]
[\fB\-A\fR|\fB\-o\fR|\fB\-\-print\-file\-name\fR][\fB\-\-special\-syms\fR]
[\fB\-n\fR|\fB\-v\fR|\fB\-\-numeric\-sort\fR] [\fB\-p\fR|\fB\-\-no\-sort\fR]
[\fB\-r\fR|\fB\-\-reverse\-sort\fR] [\fB\-\-size\-sort\fR] [\fB\-u\fR|\fB\-\-undefined\-only\fR]
[\fB\-t\fR \fIradix\fR|\fB\-\-radix=\fR\fIradix\fR] [\fB\-P\fR|\fB\-\-portability\fR]
[\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR] [\fB\-f\fR\fIformat\fR|\fB\-\-format=\fR\fIformat\fR]
[\fB\-\-defined\-only\fR] [\fB\-l\fR|\fB\-\-line\-numbers\fR] [\fB\-\-no\-demangle\fR]
[\fB\-V\fR|\fB\-\-version\fR] [\fB\-X 32_64\fR] [\fB\-\-help\fR] [\fIobjfile\fR...]
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
\&\s-1GNU\s0 \fBnm\fR lists the symbols from object files \fIobjfile\fR....
If no object files are listed as arguments, \fBnm\fR assumes the file
\&\fIa.out\fR.
.PP
For each symbol, \fBnm\fR shows:
.IP "\(bu" 4
The symbol value, in the radix selected by options (see below), or
hexadecimal by default.
.IP "\(bu" 4
The symbol type. At least the following types are used; others are, as
well, depending on the object file format. If lowercase, the symbol is
local; if uppercase, the symbol is global (external).
.RS 4
.ie n .IP """A""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWA\fR" 4
.IX Item "A"
The symbol's value is absolute, and will not be changed by further
linking.
.ie n .IP """B""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWB\fR" 4
.IX Item "B"
The symbol is in the uninitialized data section (known as \s-1BSS\s0).
.ie n .IP """C""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWC\fR" 4
.IX Item "C"
The symbol is common. Common symbols are uninitialized data. When
linking, multiple common symbols may appear with the same name. If the
symbol is defined anywhere, the common symbols are treated as undefined
references.
.ie n .IP """D""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWD\fR" 4
.IX Item "D"
The symbol is in the initialized data section.
.ie n .IP """G""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWG\fR" 4
.IX Item "G"
The symbol is in an initialized data section for small objects. Some
object file formats permit more efficient access to small data objects,
such as a global int variable as opposed to a large global array.
.ie n .IP """I""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWI\fR" 4
.IX Item "I"
The symbol is an indirect reference to another symbol. This is a \s-1GNU\s0
extension to the a.out object file format which is rarely used.
.ie n .IP """N""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWN\fR" 4
.IX Item "N"
The symbol is a debugging symbol.
.ie n .IP """R""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWR\fR" 4
.IX Item "R"
The symbol is in a read only data section.
.ie n .IP """S""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWS\fR" 4
.IX Item "S"
The symbol is in an uninitialized data section for small objects.
.ie n .IP """T""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWT\fR" 4
.IX Item "T"
The symbol is in the text (code) section.
.ie n .IP """U""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWU\fR" 4
.IX Item "U"
The symbol is undefined.
.ie n .IP """V""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWV\fR" 4
.IX Item "V"
The symbol is a weak object. When a weak defined symbol is linked with
a normal defined symbol, the normal defined symbol is used with no error.
When a weak undefined symbol is linked and the symbol is not defined,
the value of the weak symbol becomes zero with no error.
.ie n .IP """W""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWW\fR" 4
.IX Item "W"
The symbol is a weak symbol that has not been specifically tagged as a
weak object symbol. When a weak defined symbol is linked with a normal
defined symbol, the normal defined symbol is used with no error.
When a weak undefined symbol is linked and the symbol is not defined,
the value of the symbol is determined in a system-specific manner without
error. On some systems, uppercase indicates that a default value has been
specified.
.ie n .IP """\-""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW\-\fR" 4
.IX Item "-"
The symbol is a stabs symbol in an a.out object file. In this case, the
next values printed are the stabs other field, the stabs desc field, and
the stab type. Stabs symbols are used to hold debugging information.
.ie n .IP """?""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW?\fR" 4
.IX Item "?"
The symbol type is unknown, or object file format specific.
.RE
.RS 4
.RE
.IP "\(bu" 4
The symbol name.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are
equivalent.
.IP "\fB\-A\fR" 4
.IX Item "-A"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-o\fR" 4
.IX Item "-o"
.IP "\fB\-\-print\-file\-name\fR" 4
.IX Item "--print-file-name"
.PD
Precede each symbol by the name of the input file (or archive member)
in which it was found, rather than identifying the input file once only,
before all of its symbols.
.IP "\fB\-a\fR" 4
.IX Item "-a"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-debug\-syms\fR" 4
.IX Item "--debug-syms"
.PD
Display all symbols, even debugger-only symbols; normally these are not
listed.
.IP "\fB\-B\fR" 4
.IX Item "-B"
The same as \fB\-\-format=bsd\fR (for compatibility with the \s-1MIPS\s0 \fBnm\fR).
.IP "\fB\-C\fR" 4
.IX Item "-C"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-demangle[=\fR\fIstyle\fR\fB]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--demangle[=style]"
.PD
Decode (\fIdemangle\fR) low-level symbol names into user-level names.
Besides removing any initial underscore prepended by the system, this
makes \*(C+ function names readable. Different compilers have different
mangling styles. The optional demangling style argument can be used to
choose an appropriate demangling style for your compiler.
.IP "\fB\-\-no\-demangle\fR" 4
.IX Item "--no-demangle"
Do not demangle low-level symbol names. This is the default.
.IP "\fB\-D\fR" 4
.IX Item "-D"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-dynamic\fR" 4
.IX Item "--dynamic"
.PD
Display the dynamic symbols rather than the normal symbols. This is
only meaningful for dynamic objects, such as certain types of shared
libraries.
.IP "\fB\-f\fR \fIformat\fR" 4
.IX Item "-f format"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-format=\fR\fIformat\fR" 4
.IX Item "--format=format"
.PD
Use the output format \fIformat\fR, which can be \f(CW\*(C`bsd\*(C'\fR,
\&\f(CW\*(C`sysv\*(C'\fR, or \f(CW\*(C`posix\*(C'\fR. The default is \f(CW\*(C`bsd\*(C'\fR.
Only the first character of \fIformat\fR is significant; it can be
either upper or lower case.
.IP "\fB\-g\fR" 4
.IX Item "-g"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-extern\-only\fR" 4
.IX Item "--extern-only"
.PD
Display only external symbols.
.IP "\fB\-l\fR" 4
.IX Item "-l"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-line\-numbers\fR" 4
.IX Item "--line-numbers"
.PD
For each symbol, use debugging information to try to find a filename and
line number. For a defined symbol, look for the line number of the
address of the symbol. For an undefined symbol, look for the line
number of a relocation entry which refers to the symbol. If line number
information can be found, print it after the other symbol information.
.IP "\fB\-n\fR" 4
.IX Item "-n"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4
.IX Item "-v"
.IP "\fB\-\-numeric\-sort\fR" 4
.IX Item "--numeric-sort"
.PD
Sort symbols numerically by their addresses, rather than alphabetically
by their names.
.IP "\fB\-p\fR" 4
.IX Item "-p"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-no\-sort\fR" 4
.IX Item "--no-sort"
.PD
Do not bother to sort the symbols in any order; print them in the order
encountered.
.IP "\fB\-P\fR" 4
.IX Item "-P"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-portability\fR" 4
.IX Item "--portability"
.PD
Use the \s-1POSIX\s0.2 standard output format instead of the default format.
Equivalent to \fB\-f posix\fR.
.IP "\fB\-S\fR" 4
.IX Item "-S"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-print\-size\fR" 4
.IX Item "--print-size"
.PD
Print size, not the value, of defined symbols for the \f(CW\*(C`bsd\*(C'\fR output format.
.IP "\fB\-s\fR" 4
.IX Item "-s"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-print\-armap\fR" 4
.IX Item "--print-armap"
.PD
When listing symbols from archive members, include the index: a mapping
(stored in the archive by \fBar\fR or \fBranlib\fR) of which modules
contain definitions for which names.
.IP "\fB\-r\fR" 4
.IX Item "-r"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-reverse\-sort\fR" 4
.IX Item "--reverse-sort"
.PD
Reverse the order of the sort (whether numeric or alphabetic); let the
last come first.
.IP "\fB\-\-size\-sort\fR" 4
.IX Item "--size-sort"
Sort symbols by size. The size is computed as the difference between
the value of the symbol and the value of the symbol with the next higher
value. If the \f(CW\*(C`bsd\*(C'\fR output format is used the size of the symbol
is printed, rather than the value, and \fB\-S\fR must be used in order
both size and value to be printed.
.IP "\fB\-\-special\-syms\fR" 4
.IX Item "--special-syms"
Display symbols which have a target-specific special meaning. These
symbols are usually used by the target for some special processing and
are not normally helpful when included included in the normal symbol
lists. For example for \s-1ARM\s0 targets this option would skip the mapping
symbols used to mark transitions between \s-1ARM\s0 code, \s-1THUMB\s0 code and
data.
.IP "\fB\-t\fR \fIradix\fR" 4
.IX Item "-t radix"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-radix=\fR\fIradix\fR" 4
.IX Item "--radix=radix"
.PD
Use \fIradix\fR as the radix for printing the symbol values. It must be
\&\fBd\fR for decimal, \fBo\fR for octal, or \fBx\fR for hexadecimal.
.IP "\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
.IX Item "--target=bfdname"
Specify an object code format other than your system's default format.
.IP "\fB\-u\fR" 4
.IX Item "-u"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-undefined\-only\fR" 4
.IX Item "--undefined-only"
.PD
Display only undefined symbols (those external to each object file).
.IP "\fB\-\-defined\-only\fR" 4
.IX Item "--defined-only"
Display only defined symbols for each object file.
.IP "\fB\-V\fR" 4
.IX Item "-V"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
.IX Item "--version"
.PD
Show the version number of \fBnm\fR and exit.
.IP "\fB\-X\fR" 4
.IX Item "-X"
This option is ignored for compatibility with the \s-1AIX\s0 version of
\&\fBnm\fR. It takes one parameter which must be the string
\&\fB32_64\fR. The default mode of \s-1AIX\s0 \fBnm\fR corresponds
to \fB\-X 32\fR, which is not supported by \s-1GNU\s0 \fBnm\fR.
.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
.IX Item "--help"
Show a summary of the options to \fBnm\fR and exit.
.IP "\fB@\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
.IX Item "@file"
Read command-line options from \fIfile\fR. The options read are
inserted in place of the original @\fIfile\fR option. If \fIfile\fR
does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated
literally, and not removed.
.Sp
Options in \fIfile\fR are separated by whitespace. A whitespace
character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire
option in either single or double quotes. Any character (including a
backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included
with a backslash. The \fIfile\fR may itself contain additional
@\fIfile\fR options; any such options will be processed recursively.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\fIar\fR\|(1), \fIobjdump\fR\|(1), \fIranlib\fR\|(1), and the Info entries for \fIbinutils\fR.
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.PP
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
section entitled \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License\*(R".

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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "OBJCOPY 1"
.TH OBJCOPY 1 "2010-10-30" "binutils-2.17.50" "GNU Development Tools"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
objcopy \- copy and translate object files
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
objcopy [\fB\-F\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
[\fB\-I\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-input\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
[\fB\-O\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-output\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
[\fB\-B\fR \fIbfdarch\fR|\fB\-\-binary\-architecture=\fR\fIbfdarch\fR]
[\fB\-S\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-all\fR]
[\fB\-g\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR]
[\fB\-K\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
[\fB\-N\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
[\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
[\fB\-G\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
[\fB\-\-localize\-hidden\fR]
[\fB\-L\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
[\fB\-\-globalize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
[\fB\-W\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
[\fB\-w\fR|\fB\-\-wildcard\fR]
[\fB\-x\fR|\fB\-\-discard\-all\fR]
[\fB\-X\fR|\fB\-\-discard\-locals\fR]
[\fB\-b\fR \fIbyte\fR|\fB\-\-byte=\fR\fIbyte\fR]
[\fB\-i\fR \fIinterleave\fR|\fB\-\-interleave=\fR\fIinterleave\fR]
[\fB\-j\fR \fIsectionname\fR|\fB\-\-only\-section=\fR\fIsectionname\fR]
[\fB\-R\fR \fIsectionname\fR|\fB\-\-remove\-section=\fR\fIsectionname\fR]
[\fB\-p\fR|\fB\-\-preserve\-dates\fR]
[\fB\-\-debugging\fR]
[\fB\-\-gap\-fill=\fR\fIval\fR]
[\fB\-\-pad\-to=\fR\fIaddress\fR]
[\fB\-\-set\-start=\fR\fIval\fR]
[\fB\-\-adjust\-start=\fR\fIincr\fR]
[\fB\-\-change\-addresses=\fR\fIincr\fR]
[\fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR \fIsection\fR{=,+,\-}\fIval\fR]
[\fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\fR \fIsection\fR{=,+,\-}\fIval\fR]
[\fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\fR \fIsection\fR{=,+,\-}\fIval\fR]
[\fB\-\-change\-warnings\fR] [\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR]
[\fB\-\-set\-section\-flags\fR \fIsection\fR=\fIflags\fR]
[\fB\-\-add\-section\fR \fIsectionname\fR=\fIfilename\fR]
[\fB\-\-rename\-section\fR \fIoldname\fR=\fInewname\fR[,\fIflags\fR]]
[\fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fR] [\fB\-\-remove\-leading\-char\fR]
[\fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=\fR\fInum\fR]
[\fB\-\-srec\-len=\fR\fIival\fR] [\fB\-\-srec\-forceS3\fR]
[\fB\-\-redefine\-sym\fR \fIold\fR=\fInew\fR]
[\fB\-\-redefine\-syms=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
[\fB\-\-weaken\fR]
[\fB\-\-keep\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
[\fB\-\-strip\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
[\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
[\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
[\fB\-\-localize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
[\fB\-\-globalize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
[\fB\-\-weaken\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
[\fB\-\-alt\-machine\-code=\fR\fIindex\fR]
[\fB\-\-prefix\-symbols=\fR\fIstring\fR]
[\fB\-\-prefix\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR]
[\fB\-\-prefix\-alloc\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR]
[\fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=\fR\fIpath-to-file\fR]
[\fB\-\-keep\-file\-symbols\fR]
[\fB\-\-only\-keep\-debug\fR]
[\fB\-\-extract\-symbol\fR]
[\fB\-\-writable\-text\fR]
[\fB\-\-readonly\-text\fR]
[\fB\-\-pure\fR]
[\fB\-\-impure\fR]
[\fB\-v\fR|\fB\-\-verbose\fR]
[\fB\-V\fR|\fB\-\-version\fR]
[\fB\-\-help\fR] [\fB\-\-info\fR]
\fIinfile\fR [\fIoutfile\fR]
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
The \s-1GNU\s0 \fBobjcopy\fR utility copies the contents of an object
file to another. \fBobjcopy\fR uses the \s-1GNU\s0 \s-1BFD\s0 Library to
read and write the object files. It can write the destination object
file in a format different from that of the source object file. The
exact behavior of \fBobjcopy\fR is controlled by command-line options.
Note that \fBobjcopy\fR should be able to copy a fully linked file
between any two formats. However, copying a relocatable object file
between any two formats may not work as expected.
.PP
\&\fBobjcopy\fR creates temporary files to do its translations and
deletes them afterward. \fBobjcopy\fR uses \s-1BFD\s0 to do all its
translation work; it has access to all the formats described in \s-1BFD\s0
and thus is able to recognize most formats without being told
explicitly.
.PP
\&\fBobjcopy\fR can be used to generate S\-records by using an output
target of \fBsrec\fR (e.g., use \fB\-O srec\fR).
.PP
\&\fBobjcopy\fR can be used to generate a raw binary file by using an
output target of \fBbinary\fR (e.g., use \fB\-O binary\fR). When
\&\fBobjcopy\fR generates a raw binary file, it will essentially produce
a memory dump of the contents of the input object file. All symbols and
relocation information will be discarded. The memory dump will start at
the load address of the lowest section copied into the output file.
.PP
When generating an S\-record or a raw binary file, it may be helpful to
use \fB\-S\fR to remove sections containing debugging information. In
some cases \fB\-R\fR will be useful to remove sections which contain
information that is not needed by the binary file.
.PP
Note\-\-\-\fBobjcopy\fR is not able to change the endianness of its input
files. If the input format has an endianness (some formats do not),
\&\fBobjcopy\fR can only copy the inputs into file formats that have the
same endianness or which have no endianness (e.g., \fBsrec\fR).
(However, see the \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes\fR option.)
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
.IP "\fIinfile\fR" 4
.IX Item "infile"
.PD 0
.IP "\fIoutfile\fR" 4
.IX Item "outfile"
.PD
The input and output files, respectively.
If you do not specify \fIoutfile\fR, \fBobjcopy\fR creates a
temporary file and destructively renames the result with
the name of \fIinfile\fR.
.IP "\fB\-I\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
.IX Item "-I bfdname"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-input\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
.IX Item "--input-target=bfdname"
.PD
Consider the source file's object format to be \fIbfdname\fR, rather than
attempting to deduce it.
.IP "\fB\-O\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
.IX Item "-O bfdname"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-output\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
.IX Item "--output-target=bfdname"
.PD
Write the output file using the object format \fIbfdname\fR.
.IP "\fB\-F\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
.IX Item "-F bfdname"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
.IX Item "--target=bfdname"
.PD
Use \fIbfdname\fR as the object format for both the input and the output
file; i.e., simply transfer data from source to destination with no
translation.
.IP "\fB\-B\fR \fIbfdarch\fR" 4
.IX Item "-B bfdarch"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-binary\-architecture=\fR\fIbfdarch\fR" 4
.IX Item "--binary-architecture=bfdarch"
.PD
Useful when transforming a raw binary input file into an object file.
In this case the output architecture can be set to \fIbfdarch\fR. This
option will be ignored if the input file has a known \fIbfdarch\fR. You
can access this binary data inside a program by referencing the special
symbols that are created by the conversion process. These symbols are
called _binary_\fIobjfile\fR_start, _binary_\fIobjfile\fR_end and
_binary_\fIobjfile\fR_size. e.g. you can transform a picture file into
an object file and then access it in your code using these symbols.
.IP "\fB\-j\fR \fIsectionname\fR" 4
.IX Item "-j sectionname"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-only\-section=\fR\fIsectionname\fR" 4
.IX Item "--only-section=sectionname"
.PD
Copy only the named section from the input file to the output file.
This option may be given more than once. Note that using this option
inappropriately may make the output file unusable.
.IP "\fB\-R\fR \fIsectionname\fR" 4
.IX Item "-R sectionname"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-remove\-section=\fR\fIsectionname\fR" 4
.IX Item "--remove-section=sectionname"
.PD
Remove any section named \fIsectionname\fR from the output file. This
option may be given more than once. Note that using this option
inappropriately may make the output file unusable.
.IP "\fB\-S\fR" 4
.IX Item "-S"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-all\fR" 4
.IX Item "--strip-all"
.PD
Do not copy relocation and symbol information from the source file.
.IP "\fB\-g\fR" 4
.IX Item "-g"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR" 4
.IX Item "--strip-debug"
.PD
Do not copy debugging symbols or sections from the source file.
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\fR" 4
.IX Item "--strip-unneeded"
Strip all symbols that are not needed for relocation processing.
.IP "\fB\-K\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
.IX Item "-K symbolname"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
.IX Item "--keep-symbol=symbolname"
.PD
When stripping symbols, keep symbol \fIsymbolname\fR even if it would
normally be stripped. This option may be given more than once.
.IP "\fB\-N\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
.IX Item "-N symbolname"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
.IX Item "--strip-symbol=symbolname"
.PD
Do not copy symbol \fIsymbolname\fR from the source file. This option
may be given more than once.
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
.IX Item "--strip-unneeded-symbol=symbolname"
Do not copy symbol \fIsymbolname\fR from the source file unless it is needed
by a relocation. This option may be given more than once.
.IP "\fB\-G\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
.IX Item "-G symbolname"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
.IX Item "--keep-global-symbol=symbolname"
.PD
Keep only symbol \fIsymbolname\fR global. Make all other symbols local
to the file, so that they are not visible externally. This option may
be given more than once.
.IP "\fB\-\-localize\-hidden\fR" 4
.IX Item "--localize-hidden"
In an \s-1ELF\s0 object, mark all symbols that have hidden or internal visibility
as local. This option applies on top of symbol-specific localization options
such as \fB\-L\fR.
.IP "\fB\-L\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
.IX Item "-L symbolname"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
.IX Item "--localize-symbol=symbolname"
.PD
Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fR local to the file, so that it is not
visible externally. This option may be given more than once.
.IP "\fB\-W\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
.IX Item "-W symbolname"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
.IX Item "--weaken-symbol=symbolname"
.PD
Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fR weak. This option may be given more than once.
.IP "\fB\-\-globalize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
.IX Item "--globalize-symbol=symbolname"
Give symbol \fIsymbolname\fR global scoping so that it is visible
outside of the file in which it is defined. This option may be given
more than once.
.IP "\fB\-w\fR" 4
.IX Item "-w"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-wildcard\fR" 4
.IX Item "--wildcard"
.PD
Permit regular expressions in \fIsymbolname\fRs used in other command
line options. The question mark (?), asterisk (*), backslash (\e) and
square brackets ([]) operators can be used anywhere in the symbol
name. If the first character of the symbol name is the exclamation
point (!) then the sense of the switch is reversed for that symbol.
For example:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& \-w \-W !foo \-W fo*
.Ve
.Sp
would cause objcopy to weaken all symbols that start with \*(L"fo\*(R"
except for the symbol \*(L"foo\*(R".
.IP "\fB\-x\fR" 4
.IX Item "-x"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-discard\-all\fR" 4
.IX Item "--discard-all"
.PD
Do not copy non-global symbols from the source file.
.IP "\fB\-X\fR" 4
.IX Item "-X"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-discard\-locals\fR" 4
.IX Item "--discard-locals"
.PD
Do not copy compiler-generated local symbols.
(These usually start with \fBL\fR or \fB.\fR.)
.IP "\fB\-b\fR \fIbyte\fR" 4
.IX Item "-b byte"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-byte=\fR\fIbyte\fR" 4
.IX Item "--byte=byte"
.PD
Keep only every \fIbyte\fRth byte of the input file (header data is not
affected). \fIbyte\fR can be in the range from 0 to \fIinterleave\fR\-1,
where \fIinterleave\fR is given by the \fB\-i\fR or \fB\-\-interleave\fR
option, or the default of 4. This option is useful for creating files
to program \s-1ROM\s0. It is typically used with an \f(CW\*(C`srec\*(C'\fR output
target.
.IP "\fB\-i\fR \fIinterleave\fR" 4
.IX Item "-i interleave"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-interleave=\fR\fIinterleave\fR" 4
.IX Item "--interleave=interleave"
.PD
Only copy one out of every \fIinterleave\fR bytes. Select which byte to
copy with the \fB\-b\fR or \fB\-\-byte\fR option. The default is 4.
\&\fBobjcopy\fR ignores this option if you do not specify either \fB\-b\fR or
\&\fB\-\-byte\fR.
.IP "\fB\-p\fR" 4
.IX Item "-p"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-preserve\-dates\fR" 4
.IX Item "--preserve-dates"
.PD
Set the access and modification dates of the output file to be the same
as those of the input file.
.IP "\fB\-\-debugging\fR" 4
.IX Item "--debugging"
Convert debugging information, if possible. This is not the default
because only certain debugging formats are supported, and the
conversion process can be time consuming.
.IP "\fB\-\-gap\-fill\fR \fIval\fR" 4
.IX Item "--gap-fill val"
Fill gaps between sections with \fIval\fR. This operation applies to
the \fIload address\fR (\s-1LMA\s0) of the sections. It is done by increasing
the size of the section with the lower address, and filling in the extra
space created with \fIval\fR.
.IP "\fB\-\-pad\-to\fR \fIaddress\fR" 4
.IX Item "--pad-to address"
Pad the output file up to the load address \fIaddress\fR. This is
done by increasing the size of the last section. The extra space is
filled in with the value specified by \fB\-\-gap\-fill\fR (default zero).
.IP "\fB\-\-set\-start\fR \fIval\fR" 4
.IX Item "--set-start val"
Set the start address of the new file to \fIval\fR. Not all object file
formats support setting the start address.
.IP "\fB\-\-change\-start\fR \fIincr\fR" 4
.IX Item "--change-start incr"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-start\fR \fIincr\fR" 4
.IX Item "--adjust-start incr"
.PD
Change the start address by adding \fIincr\fR. Not all object file
formats support setting the start address.
.IP "\fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR \fIincr\fR" 4
.IX Item "--change-addresses incr"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-vma\fR \fIincr\fR" 4
.IX Item "--adjust-vma incr"
.PD
Change the \s-1VMA\s0 and \s-1LMA\s0 addresses of all sections, as well as the start
address, by adding \fIincr\fR. Some object file formats do not permit
section addresses to be changed arbitrarily. Note that this does not
relocate the sections; if the program expects sections to be loaded at a
certain address, and this option is used to change the sections such
that they are loaded at a different address, the program may fail.
.IP "\fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR \fIsection\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4
.IX Item "--change-section-address section{=,+,-}val"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-section\-vma\fR \fIsection\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4
.IX Item "--adjust-section-vma section{=,+,-}val"
.PD
Set or change both the \s-1VMA\s0 address and the \s-1LMA\s0 address of the named
\&\fIsection\fR. If \fB=\fR is used, the section address is set to
\&\fIval\fR. Otherwise, \fIval\fR is added to or subtracted from the
section address. See the comments under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR,
above. If \fIsection\fR does not exist in the input file, a warning will
be issued, unless \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR is used.
.IP "\fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\fR \fIsection\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4
.IX Item "--change-section-lma section{=,+,-}val"
Set or change the \s-1LMA\s0 address of the named \fIsection\fR. The \s-1LMA\s0
address is the address where the section will be loaded into memory at
program load time. Normally this is the same as the \s-1VMA\s0 address, which
is the address of the section at program run time, but on some systems,
especially those where a program is held in \s-1ROM\s0, the two can be
different. If \fB=\fR is used, the section address is set to
\&\fIval\fR. Otherwise, \fIval\fR is added to or subtracted from the
section address. See the comments under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR,
above. If \fIsection\fR does not exist in the input file, a warning
will be issued, unless \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR is used.
.IP "\fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\fR \fIsection\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4
.IX Item "--change-section-vma section{=,+,-}val"
Set or change the \s-1VMA\s0 address of the named \fIsection\fR. The \s-1VMA\s0
address is the address where the section will be located once the
program has started executing. Normally this is the same as the \s-1LMA\s0
address, which is the address where the section will be loaded into
memory, but on some systems, especially those where a program is held in
\&\s-1ROM\s0, the two can be different. If \fB=\fR is used, the section address
is set to \fIval\fR. Otherwise, \fIval\fR is added to or subtracted
from the section address. See the comments under
\&\fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR, above. If \fIsection\fR does not exist in
the input file, a warning will be issued, unless
\&\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR is used.
.IP "\fB\-\-change\-warnings\fR" 4
.IX Item "--change-warnings"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-warnings\fR" 4
.IX Item "--adjust-warnings"
.PD
If \fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR or \fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\fR or
\&\fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\fR is used, and the named section does not
exist, issue a warning. This is the default.
.IP "\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR" 4
.IX Item "--no-change-warnings"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-no\-adjust\-warnings\fR" 4
.IX Item "--no-adjust-warnings"
.PD
Do not issue a warning if \fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR or
\&\fB\-\-adjust\-section\-lma\fR or \fB\-\-adjust\-section\-vma\fR is used, even
if the named section does not exist.
.IP "\fB\-\-set\-section\-flags\fR \fIsection\fR\fB=\fR\fIflags\fR" 4
.IX Item "--set-section-flags section=flags"
Set the flags for the named section. The \fIflags\fR argument is a
comma separated string of flag names. The recognized names are
\&\fBalloc\fR, \fBcontents\fR, \fBload\fR, \fBnoload\fR,
\&\fBreadonly\fR, \fBcode\fR, \fBdata\fR, \fBrom\fR, \fBshare\fR, and
\&\fBdebug\fR. You can set the \fBcontents\fR flag for a section which
does not have contents, but it is not meaningful to clear the
\&\fBcontents\fR flag of a section which does have contents\*(--just remove
the section instead. Not all flags are meaningful for all object file
formats.
.IP "\fB\-\-add\-section\fR \fIsectionname\fR\fB=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
.IX Item "--add-section sectionname=filename"
Add a new section named \fIsectionname\fR while copying the file. The
contents of the new section are taken from the file \fIfilename\fR. The
size of the section will be the size of the file. This option only
works on file formats which can support sections with arbitrary names.
.IP "\fB\-\-rename\-section\fR \fIoldname\fR\fB=\fR\fInewname\fR\fB[,\fR\fIflags\fR\fB]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--rename-section oldname=newname[,flags]"
Rename a section from \fIoldname\fR to \fInewname\fR, optionally
changing the section's flags to \fIflags\fR in the process. This has
the advantage over usng a linker script to perform the rename in that
the output stays as an object file and does not become a linked
executable.
.Sp
This option is particularly helpful when the input format is binary,
since this will always create a section called .data. If for example,
you wanted instead to create a section called .rodata containing binary
data you could use the following command line to achieve it:
.Sp
.Vb 3
\& objcopy \-I binary \-O <output_format> \-B <architecture> \e
\& \-\-rename\-section .data=.rodata,alloc,load,readonly,data,contents \e
\& <input_binary_file> <output_object_file>
.Ve
.IP "\fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fR" 4
.IX Item "--change-leading-char"
Some object file formats use special characters at the start of
symbols. The most common such character is underscore, which compilers
often add before every symbol. This option tells \fBobjcopy\fR to
change the leading character of every symbol when it converts between
object file formats. If the object file formats use the same leading
character, this option has no effect. Otherwise, it will add a
character, or remove a character, or change a character, as
appropriate.
.IP "\fB\-\-remove\-leading\-char\fR" 4
.IX Item "--remove-leading-char"
If the first character of a global symbol is a special symbol leading
character used by the object file format, remove the character. The
most common symbol leading character is underscore. This option will
remove a leading underscore from all global symbols. This can be useful
if you want to link together objects of different file formats with
different conventions for symbol names. This is different from
\&\fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fR because it always changes the symbol name
when appropriate, regardless of the object file format of the output
file.
.IP "\fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=\fR\fInum\fR" 4
.IX Item "--reverse-bytes=num"
Reverse the bytes in a section with output contents. A section length must
be evenly divisible by the value given in order for the swap to be able to
take place. Reversing takes place before the interleaving is performed.
.Sp
This option is used typically in generating \s-1ROM\s0 images for problematic
target systems. For example, on some target boards, the 32\-bit words
fetched from 8\-bit ROMs are re-assembled in little-endian byte order
regardless of the \s-1CPU\s0 byte order. Depending on the programming model, the
endianness of the \s-1ROM\s0 may need to be modified.
.Sp
Consider a simple file with a section containing the following eight
bytes: \f(CW12345678\fR.
.Sp
Using \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=2\fR for the above example, the bytes in the
output file would be ordered \f(CW21436587\fR.
.Sp
Using \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=4\fR for the above example, the bytes in the
output file would be ordered \f(CW43218765\fR.
.Sp
By using \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=2\fR for the above example, followed by
\&\fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=4\fR on the output file, the bytes in the second
output file would be ordered \f(CW34127856\fR.
.IP "\fB\-\-srec\-len=\fR\fIival\fR" 4
.IX Item "--srec-len=ival"
Meaningful only for srec output. Set the maximum length of the Srecords
being produced to \fIival\fR. This length covers both address, data and
crc fields.
.IP "\fB\-\-srec\-forceS3\fR" 4
.IX Item "--srec-forceS3"
Meaningful only for srec output. Avoid generation of S1/S2 records,
creating S3\-only record format.
.IP "\fB\-\-redefine\-sym\fR \fIold\fR\fB=\fR\fInew\fR" 4
.IX Item "--redefine-sym old=new"
Change the name of a symbol \fIold\fR, to \fInew\fR. This can be useful
when one is trying link two things together for which you have no
source, and there are name collisions.
.IP "\fB\-\-redefine\-syms=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
.IX Item "--redefine-syms=filename"
Apply \fB\-\-redefine\-sym\fR to each symbol pair "\fIold\fR \fInew\fR"
listed in the file \fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file,
with one symbol pair per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash
character. This option may be given more than once.
.IP "\fB\-\-weaken\fR" 4
.IX Item "--weaken"
Change all global symbols in the file to be weak. This can be useful
when building an object which will be linked against other objects using
the \fB\-R\fR option to the linker. This option is only effective when
using an object file format which supports weak symbols.
.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
.IX Item "--keep-symbols=filename"
Apply \fB\-\-keep\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
\&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
This option may be given more than once.
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
.IX Item "--strip-symbols=filename"
Apply \fB\-\-strip\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
\&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
This option may be given more than once.
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
.IX Item "--strip-unneeded-symbols=filename"
Apply \fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in
the file \fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one
symbol name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash
character. This option may be given more than once.
.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
.IX Item "--keep-global-symbols=filename"
Apply \fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the
file \fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one
symbol name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash
character. This option may be given more than once.
.IP "\fB\-\-localize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
.IX Item "--localize-symbols=filename"
Apply \fB\-\-localize\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
\&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
This option may be given more than once.
.IP "\fB\-\-globalize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
.IX Item "--globalize-symbols=filename"
Apply \fB\-\-globalize\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
\&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
This option may be given more than once.
.IP "\fB\-\-weaken\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
.IX Item "--weaken-symbols=filename"
Apply \fB\-\-weaken\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
\&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
This option may be given more than once.
.IP "\fB\-\-alt\-machine\-code=\fR\fIindex\fR" 4
.IX Item "--alt-machine-code=index"
If the output architecture has alternate machine codes, use the
\&\fIindex\fRth code instead of the default one. This is useful in case
a machine is assigned an official code and the tool-chain adopts the
new code, but other applications still depend on the original code
being used. For \s-1ELF\s0 based architectures if the \fIindex\fR
alternative does not exist then the value is treated as an absolute
number to be stored in the e_machine field of the \s-1ELF\s0 header.
.IP "\fB\-\-writable\-text\fR" 4
.IX Item "--writable-text"
Mark the output text as writable. This option isn't meaningful for all
object file formats.
.IP "\fB\-\-readonly\-text\fR" 4
.IX Item "--readonly-text"
Make the output text write protected. This option isn't meaningful for all
object file formats.
.IP "\fB\-\-pure\fR" 4
.IX Item "--pure"
Mark the output file as demand paged. This option isn't meaningful for all
object file formats.
.IP "\fB\-\-impure\fR" 4
.IX Item "--impure"
Mark the output file as impure. This option isn't meaningful for all
object file formats.
.IP "\fB\-\-prefix\-symbols=\fR\fIstring\fR" 4
.IX Item "--prefix-symbols=string"
Prefix all symbols in the output file with \fIstring\fR.
.IP "\fB\-\-prefix\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR" 4
.IX Item "--prefix-sections=string"
Prefix all section names in the output file with \fIstring\fR.
.IP "\fB\-\-prefix\-alloc\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR" 4
.IX Item "--prefix-alloc-sections=string"
Prefix all the names of all allocated sections in the output file with
\&\fIstring\fR.
.IP "\fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=\fR\fIpath-to-file\fR" 4
.IX Item "--add-gnu-debuglink=path-to-file"
Creates a .gnu_debuglink section which contains a reference to \fIpath-to-file\fR
and adds it to the output file.
.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-file\-symbols\fR" 4
.IX Item "--keep-file-symbols"
When stripping a file, perhaps with \fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR or
\&\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\fR, retain any symbols specifying source file names,
which would otherwise get stripped.
.IP "\fB\-\-only\-keep\-debug\fR" 4
.IX Item "--only-keep-debug"
Strip a file, removing contents of any sections that would not be
stripped by \fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR and leaving the debugging sections
intact. In \s-1ELF\s0 files, this preserves all note sections in the output.
.Sp
The intention is that this option will be used in conjunction with
\&\fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink\fR to create a two part executable. One a
stripped binary which will occupy less space in \s-1RAM\s0 and in a
distribution and the second a debugging information file which is only
needed if debugging abilities are required. The suggested procedure
to create these files is as follows:
.RS 4
.IP "1.<Link the executable as normal. Assuming that is is called>" 4
.IX Item "1.<Link the executable as normal. Assuming that is is called>"
\&\f(CW\*(C`foo\*(C'\fR then...
.ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-only\-keep\-debug foo foo.dbg"" to>" 4
.el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-only\-keep\-debug foo foo.dbg\fR to>" 4
.IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --only-keep-debug foo foo.dbg to>"
create a file containing the debugging info.
.ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo"" to create a>" 4
.el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo\fR to create a>" 4
.IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --strip-debug foo to create a>"
stripped executable.
.ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.dbg foo"">" 4
.el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.dbg foo\fR>" 4
.IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=foo.dbg foo>"
to add a link to the debugging info into the stripped executable.
.RE
.RS 4
.Sp
Note \- the choice of \f(CW\*(C`.dbg\*(C'\fR as an extension for the debug info
file is arbitrary. Also the \f(CW\*(C`\-\-only\-keep\-debug\*(C'\fR step is
optional. You could instead do this:
.IP "1.<Link the executable as normal.>" 4
.IX Item "1.<Link the executable as normal.>"
.PD 0
.ie n .IP "1.<Copy ""foo"" to ""foo.full"">" 4
.el .IP "1.<Copy \f(CWfoo\fR to \f(CWfoo.full\fR>" 4
.IX Item "1.<Copy foo to foo.full>"
.ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo"">" 4
.el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo\fR>" 4
.IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --strip-debug foo>"
.ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.full foo"">" 4
.el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.full foo\fR>" 4
.IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=foo.full foo>"
.RE
.RS 4
.PD
.Sp
i.e., the file pointed to by the \fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink\fR can be the
full executable. It does not have to be a file created by the
\&\fB\-\-only\-keep\-debug\fR switch.
.Sp
Note \- this switch is only intended for use on fully linked files. It
does not make sense to use it on object files where the debugging
information may be incomplete. Besides the gnu_debuglink feature
currently only supports the presence of one filename containing
debugging information, not multiple filenames on a one-per-object-file
basis.
.RE
.IP "\fB\-\-extract\-symbol\fR" 4
.IX Item "--extract-symbol"
Keep the file's section flags and symbols but remove all section data.
Specifically, the option:
.RS 4
.IP "*<sets the virtual and load addresses of every section to zero;>" 4
.IX Item "*<sets the virtual and load addresses of every section to zero;>"
.PD 0
.IP "*<removes the contents of all sections;>" 4
.IX Item "*<removes the contents of all sections;>"
.IP "*<sets the size of every section to zero; and>" 4
.IX Item "*<sets the size of every section to zero; and>"
.IP "*<sets the file's start address to zero.>" 4
.IX Item "*<sets the file's start address to zero.>"
.RE
.RS 4
.PD
.Sp
This option is used to build a \fI.sym\fR file for a VxWorks kernel.
It can also be a useful way of reducing the size of a \fB\-\-just\-symbols\fR
linker input file.
.RE
.IP "\fB\-V\fR" 4
.IX Item "-V"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
.IX Item "--version"
.PD
Show the version number of \fBobjcopy\fR.
.IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4
.IX Item "-v"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-verbose\fR" 4
.IX Item "--verbose"
.PD
Verbose output: list all object files modified. In the case of
archives, \fBobjcopy \-V\fR lists all members of the archive.
.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
.IX Item "--help"
Show a summary of the options to \fBobjcopy\fR.
.IP "\fB\-\-info\fR" 4
.IX Item "--info"
Display a list showing all architectures and object formats available.
.IP "\fB@\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
.IX Item "@file"
Read command-line options from \fIfile\fR. The options read are
inserted in place of the original @\fIfile\fR option. If \fIfile\fR
does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated
literally, and not removed.
.Sp
Options in \fIfile\fR are separated by whitespace. A whitespace
character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire
option in either single or double quotes. Any character (including a
backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included
with a backslash. The \fIfile\fR may itself contain additional
@\fIfile\fR options; any such options will be processed recursively.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\fIld\fR\|(1), \fIobjdump\fR\|(1), and the Info entries for \fIbinutils\fR.
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.PP
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
section entitled \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License\*(R".

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\{\
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.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "OBJDUMP 1"
.TH OBJDUMP 1 "2010-10-30" "binutils-2.17.50" "GNU Development Tools"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
objdump \- display information from object files.
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
objdump [\fB\-a\fR|\fB\-\-archive\-headers\fR]
[\fB\-b\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
[\fB\-C\fR|\fB\-\-demangle\fR[=\fIstyle\fR] ]
[\fB\-d\fR|\fB\-\-disassemble\fR]
[\fB\-D\fR|\fB\-\-disassemble\-all\fR]
[\fB\-z\fR|\fB\-\-disassemble\-zeroes\fR]
[\fB\-EB\fR|\fB\-EL\fR|\fB\-\-endian=\fR{big | little }]
[\fB\-f\fR|\fB\-\-file\-headers\fR]
[\fB\-\-file\-start\-context\fR]
[\fB\-g\fR|\fB\-\-debugging\fR]
[\fB\-e\fR|\fB\-\-debugging\-tags\fR]
[\fB\-h\fR|\fB\-\-section\-headers\fR|\fB\-\-headers\fR]
[\fB\-i\fR|\fB\-\-info\fR]
[\fB\-j\fR \fIsection\fR|\fB\-\-section=\fR\fIsection\fR]
[\fB\-l\fR|\fB\-\-line\-numbers\fR]
[\fB\-S\fR|\fB\-\-source\fR]
[\fB\-m\fR \fImachine\fR|\fB\-\-architecture=\fR\fImachine\fR]
[\fB\-M\fR \fIoptions\fR|\fB\-\-disassembler\-options=\fR\fIoptions\fR]
[\fB\-p\fR|\fB\-\-private\-headers\fR]
[\fB\-r\fR|\fB\-\-reloc\fR]
[\fB\-R\fR|\fB\-\-dynamic\-reloc\fR]
[\fB\-s\fR|\fB\-\-full\-contents\fR]
[\fB\-W\fR|\fB\-\-dwarf\fR]
[\fB\-G\fR|\fB\-\-stabs\fR]
[\fB\-t\fR|\fB\-\-syms\fR]
[\fB\-T\fR|\fB\-\-dynamic\-syms\fR]
[\fB\-x\fR|\fB\-\-all\-headers\fR]
[\fB\-w\fR|\fB\-\-wide\fR]
[\fB\-\-start\-address=\fR\fIaddress\fR]
[\fB\-\-stop\-address=\fR\fIaddress\fR]
[\fB\-\-prefix\-addresses\fR]
[\fB\-\-[no\-]show\-raw\-insn\fR]
[\fB\-\-adjust\-vma=\fR\fIoffset\fR]
[\fB\-\-special\-syms\fR]
[\fB\-V\fR|\fB\-\-version\fR]
[\fB\-H\fR|\fB\-\-help\fR]
\fIobjfile\fR...
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
\&\fBobjdump\fR displays information about one or more object files.
The options control what particular information to display. This
information is mostly useful to programmers who are working on the
compilation tools, as opposed to programmers who just want their
program to compile and work.
.PP
\&\fIobjfile\fR... are the object files to be examined. When you
specify archives, \fBobjdump\fR shows information on each of the member
object files.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are
equivalent. At least one option from the list
\&\fB\-a,\-d,\-D,\-e,\-f,\-g,\-G,\-h,\-H,\-p,\-r,\-R,\-s,\-S,\-t,\-T,\-V,\-x\fR must be given.
.IP "\fB\-a\fR" 4
.IX Item "-a"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-archive\-header\fR" 4
.IX Item "--archive-header"
.PD
If any of the \fIobjfile\fR files are archives, display the archive
header information (in a format similar to \fBls \-l\fR). Besides the
information you could list with \fBar tv\fR, \fBobjdump \-a\fR shows
the object file format of each archive member.
.IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-vma=\fR\fIoffset\fR" 4
.IX Item "--adjust-vma=offset"
When dumping information, first add \fIoffset\fR to all the section
addresses. This is useful if the section addresses do not correspond to
the symbol table, which can happen when putting sections at particular
addresses when using a format which can not represent section addresses,
such as a.out.
.IP "\fB\-b\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
.IX Item "-b bfdname"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
.IX Item "--target=bfdname"
.PD
Specify that the object-code format for the object files is
\&\fIbfdname\fR. This option may not be necessary; \fIobjdump\fR can
automatically recognize many formats.
.Sp
For example,
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& objdump \-b oasys \-m vax \-h fu.o
.Ve
.Sp
displays summary information from the section headers (\fB\-h\fR) of
\&\fIfu.o\fR, which is explicitly identified (\fB\-m\fR) as a \s-1VAX\s0 object
file in the format produced by Oasys compilers. You can list the
formats available with the \fB\-i\fR option.
.IP "\fB\-C\fR" 4
.IX Item "-C"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-demangle[=\fR\fIstyle\fR\fB]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--demangle[=style]"
.PD
Decode (\fIdemangle\fR) low-level symbol names into user-level names.
Besides removing any initial underscore prepended by the system, this
makes \*(C+ function names readable. Different compilers have different
mangling styles. The optional demangling style argument can be used to
choose an appropriate demangling style for your compiler.
.IP "\fB\-g\fR" 4
.IX Item "-g"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-debugging\fR" 4
.IX Item "--debugging"
.PD
Display debugging information. This attempts to parse debugging
information stored in the file and print it out using a C like syntax.
Only certain types of debugging information have been implemented.
Some other types are supported by \fBreadelf \-w\fR.
.IP "\fB\-e\fR" 4
.IX Item "-e"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-debugging\-tags\fR" 4
.IX Item "--debugging-tags"
.PD
Like \fB\-g\fR, but the information is generated in a format compatible
with ctags tool.
.IP "\fB\-d\fR" 4
.IX Item "-d"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-disassemble\fR" 4
.IX Item "--disassemble"
.PD
Display the assembler mnemonics for the machine instructions from
\&\fIobjfile\fR. This option only disassembles those sections which are
expected to contain instructions.
.IP "\fB\-D\fR" 4
.IX Item "-D"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-disassemble\-all\fR" 4
.IX Item "--disassemble-all"
.PD
Like \fB\-d\fR, but disassemble the contents of all sections, not just
those expected to contain instructions.
.IP "\fB\-\-prefix\-addresses\fR" 4
.IX Item "--prefix-addresses"
When disassembling, print the complete address on each line. This is
the older disassembly format.
.IP "\fB\-EB\fR" 4
.IX Item "-EB"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-EL\fR" 4
.IX Item "-EL"
.IP "\fB\-\-endian={big|little}\fR" 4
.IX Item "--endian={big|little}"
.PD
Specify the endianness of the object files. This only affects
disassembly. This can be useful when disassembling a file format which
does not describe endianness information, such as S\-records.
.IP "\fB\-f\fR" 4
.IX Item "-f"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-file\-headers\fR" 4
.IX Item "--file-headers"
.PD
Display summary information from the overall header of
each of the \fIobjfile\fR files.
.IP "\fB\-\-file\-start\-context\fR" 4
.IX Item "--file-start-context"
Specify that when displaying interlisted source code/disassembly
(assumes \fB\-S\fR) from a file that has not yet been displayed, extend the
context to the start of the file.
.IP "\fB\-h\fR" 4
.IX Item "-h"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-section\-headers\fR" 4
.IX Item "--section-headers"
.IP "\fB\-\-headers\fR" 4
.IX Item "--headers"
.PD
Display summary information from the section headers of the
object file.
.Sp
File segments may be relocated to nonstandard addresses, for example by
using the \fB\-Ttext\fR, \fB\-Tdata\fR, or \fB\-Tbss\fR options to
\&\fBld\fR. However, some object file formats, such as a.out, do not
store the starting address of the file segments. In those situations,
although \fBld\fR relocates the sections correctly, using \fBobjdump
\&\-h\fR to list the file section headers cannot show the correct addresses.
Instead, it shows the usual addresses, which are implicit for the
target.
.IP "\fB\-H\fR" 4
.IX Item "-H"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
.IX Item "--help"
.PD
Print a summary of the options to \fBobjdump\fR and exit.
.IP "\fB\-i\fR" 4
.IX Item "-i"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-info\fR" 4
.IX Item "--info"
.PD
Display a list showing all architectures and object formats available
for specification with \fB\-b\fR or \fB\-m\fR.
.IP "\fB\-j\fR \fIname\fR" 4
.IX Item "-j name"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-section=\fR\fIname\fR" 4
.IX Item "--section=name"
.PD
Display information only for section \fIname\fR.
.IP "\fB\-l\fR" 4
.IX Item "-l"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-line\-numbers\fR" 4
.IX Item "--line-numbers"
.PD
Label the display (using debugging information) with the filename and
source line numbers corresponding to the object code or relocs shown.
Only useful with \fB\-d\fR, \fB\-D\fR, or \fB\-r\fR.
.IP "\fB\-m\fR \fImachine\fR" 4
.IX Item "-m machine"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-architecture=\fR\fImachine\fR" 4
.IX Item "--architecture=machine"
.PD
Specify the architecture to use when disassembling object files. This
can be useful when disassembling object files which do not describe
architecture information, such as S\-records. You can list the available
architectures with the \fB\-i\fR option.
.IP "\fB\-M\fR \fIoptions\fR" 4
.IX Item "-M options"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-disassembler\-options=\fR\fIoptions\fR" 4
.IX Item "--disassembler-options=options"
.PD
Pass target specific information to the disassembler. Only supported on
some targets. If it is necessary to specify more than one
disassembler option then multiple \fB\-M\fR options can be used or
can be placed together into a comma separated list.
.Sp
If the target is an \s-1ARM\s0 architecture then this switch can be used to
select which register name set is used during disassembler. Specifying
\&\fB\-M reg-names-std\fR (the default) will select the register names as
used in \s-1ARM\s0's instruction set documentation, but with register 13 called
\&'sp', register 14 called 'lr' and register 15 called 'pc'. Specifying
\&\fB\-M reg-names-apcs\fR will select the name set used by the \s-1ARM\s0
Procedure Call Standard, whilst specifying \fB\-M reg-names-raw\fR will
just use \fBr\fR followed by the register number.
.Sp
There are also two variants on the \s-1APCS\s0 register naming scheme enabled
by \fB\-M reg-names-atpcs\fR and \fB\-M reg-names-special-atpcs\fR which
use the ARM/Thumb Procedure Call Standard naming conventions. (Either
with the normal register names or the special register names).
.Sp
This option can also be used for \s-1ARM\s0 architectures to force the
disassembler to interpret all instructions as Thumb instructions by
using the switch \fB\-\-disassembler\-options=force\-thumb\fR. This can be
useful when attempting to disassemble thumb code produced by other
compilers.
.Sp
For the x86, some of the options duplicate functions of the \fB\-m\fR
switch, but allow finer grained control. Multiple selections from the
following may be specified as a comma separated string.
\&\fBx86\-64\fR, \fBi386\fR and \fBi8086\fR select disassembly for
the given architecture. \fBintel\fR and \fBatt\fR select between
intel syntax mode and \s-1AT&T\s0 syntax mode. \fBaddr64\fR, \fBaddr32\fR,
\&\fBaddr16\fR, \fBdata32\fR and \fBdata16\fR specify the default
address size and operand size. These four options will be overridden if
\&\fBx86\-64\fR, \fBi386\fR or \fBi8086\fR appear later in the
option string. Lastly, \fBsuffix\fR, when in \s-1AT&T\s0 mode,
instructs the disassembler to print a mnemonic suffix even when the
suffix could be inferred by the operands.
.Sp
For \s-1PPC\s0, \fBbooke\fR, \fBbooke32\fR and \fBbooke64\fR select
disassembly of BookE instructions. \fB32\fR and \fB64\fR select
PowerPC and PowerPC64 disassembly, respectively. \fBe300\fR selects
disassembly for the e300 family. \fB440\fR selects disassembly for
the PowerPC 440.
.Sp
For \s-1MIPS\s0, this option controls the printing of instruction mnemonic
names and register names in disassembled instructions. Multiple
selections from the following may be specified as a comma separated
string, and invalid options are ignored:
.RS 4
.ie n .IP """no\-aliases""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWno\-aliases\fR" 4
.IX Item "no-aliases"
Print the 'raw' instruction mnemonic instead of some pseudo
instruction mnemonic. I.e., print 'daddu' or 'or' instead of 'move',
\&'sll' instead of 'nop', etc.
.ie n .IP """gpr\-names=\f(CIABI\f(CW""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWgpr\-names=\f(CIABI\f(CW\fR" 4
.IX Item "gpr-names=ABI"
Print \s-1GPR\s0 (general-purpose register) names as appropriate
for the specified \s-1ABI\s0. By default, \s-1GPR\s0 names are selected according to
the \s-1ABI\s0 of the binary being disassembled.
.ie n .IP """fpr\-names=\f(CIABI\f(CW""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWfpr\-names=\f(CIABI\f(CW\fR" 4
.IX Item "fpr-names=ABI"
Print \s-1FPR\s0 (floating-point register) names as
appropriate for the specified \s-1ABI\s0. By default, \s-1FPR\s0 numbers are printed
rather than names.
.ie n .IP """cp0\-names=\f(CIARCH\f(CW""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWcp0\-names=\f(CIARCH\f(CW\fR" 4
.IX Item "cp0-names=ARCH"
Print \s-1CP0\s0 (system control coprocessor; coprocessor 0) register names
as appropriate for the \s-1CPU\s0 or architecture specified by
\&\fI\s-1ARCH\s0\fR. By default, \s-1CP0\s0 register names are selected according to
the architecture and \s-1CPU\s0 of the binary being disassembled.
.ie n .IP """hwr\-names=\f(CIARCH\f(CW""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWhwr\-names=\f(CIARCH\f(CW\fR" 4
.IX Item "hwr-names=ARCH"
Print \s-1HWR\s0 (hardware register, used by the \f(CW\*(C`rdhwr\*(C'\fR instruction) names
as appropriate for the \s-1CPU\s0 or architecture specified by
\&\fI\s-1ARCH\s0\fR. By default, \s-1HWR\s0 names are selected according to
the architecture and \s-1CPU\s0 of the binary being disassembled.
.ie n .IP """reg\-names=\f(CIABI\f(CW""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWreg\-names=\f(CIABI\f(CW\fR" 4
.IX Item "reg-names=ABI"
Print \s-1GPR\s0 and \s-1FPR\s0 names as appropriate for the selected \s-1ABI\s0.
.ie n .IP """reg\-names=\f(CIARCH\f(CW""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWreg\-names=\f(CIARCH\f(CW\fR" 4
.IX Item "reg-names=ARCH"
Print CPU-specific register names (\s-1CP0\s0 register and \s-1HWR\s0 names)
as appropriate for the selected \s-1CPU\s0 or architecture.
.RE
.RS 4
.Sp
For any of the options listed above, \fI\s-1ABI\s0\fR or
\&\fI\s-1ARCH\s0\fR may be specified as \fBnumeric\fR to have numbers printed
rather than names, for the selected types of registers.
You can list the available values of \fI\s-1ABI\s0\fR and \fI\s-1ARCH\s0\fR using
the \fB\-\-help\fR option.
.Sp
For \s-1VAX\s0, you can specify function entry addresses with \fB\-M
entry:0xf00ba\fR. You can use this multiple times to properly
disassemble \s-1VAX\s0 binary files that don't contain symbol tables (like
\&\s-1ROM\s0 dumps). In these cases, the function entry mask would otherwise
be decoded as \s-1VAX\s0 instructions, which would probably lead the rest
of the function being wrongly disassembled.
.RE
.IP "\fB\-p\fR" 4
.IX Item "-p"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-private\-headers\fR" 4
.IX Item "--private-headers"
.PD
Print information that is specific to the object file format. The exact
information printed depends upon the object file format. For some
object file formats, no additional information is printed.
.IP "\fB\-r\fR" 4
.IX Item "-r"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-reloc\fR" 4
.IX Item "--reloc"
.PD
Print the relocation entries of the file. If used with \fB\-d\fR or
\&\fB\-D\fR, the relocations are printed interspersed with the
disassembly.
.IP "\fB\-R\fR" 4
.IX Item "-R"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-dynamic\-reloc\fR" 4
.IX Item "--dynamic-reloc"
.PD
Print the dynamic relocation entries of the file. This is only
meaningful for dynamic objects, such as certain types of shared
libraries.
.IP "\fB\-s\fR" 4
.IX Item "-s"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-full\-contents\fR" 4
.IX Item "--full-contents"
.PD
Display the full contents of any sections requested. By default all
non-empty sections are displayed.
.IP "\fB\-S\fR" 4
.IX Item "-S"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-source\fR" 4
.IX Item "--source"
.PD
Display source code intermixed with disassembly, if possible. Implies
\&\fB\-d\fR.
.IP "\fB\-\-show\-raw\-insn\fR" 4
.IX Item "--show-raw-insn"
When disassembling instructions, print the instruction in hex as well as
in symbolic form. This is the default except when
\&\fB\-\-prefix\-addresses\fR is used.
.IP "\fB\-\-no\-show\-raw\-insn\fR" 4
.IX Item "--no-show-raw-insn"
When disassembling instructions, do not print the instruction bytes.
This is the default when \fB\-\-prefix\-addresses\fR is used.
.IP "\fB\-W\fR" 4
.IX Item "-W"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-dwarf\fR" 4
.IX Item "--dwarf"
.PD
Displays the contents of the \s-1DWARF\s0 debug sections in the file, if any
are present.
.IP "\fB\-G\fR" 4
.IX Item "-G"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-stabs\fR" 4
.IX Item "--stabs"
.PD
Display the full contents of any sections requested. Display the
contents of the .stab and .stab.index and .stab.excl sections from an
\&\s-1ELF\s0 file. This is only useful on systems (such as Solaris 2.0) in which
\&\f(CW\*(C`.stab\*(C'\fR debugging symbol-table entries are carried in an \s-1ELF\s0
section. In most other file formats, debugging symbol-table entries are
interleaved with linkage symbols, and are visible in the \fB\-\-syms\fR
output.
.IP "\fB\-\-start\-address=\fR\fIaddress\fR" 4
.IX Item "--start-address=address"
Start displaying data at the specified address. This affects the output
of the \fB\-d\fR, \fB\-r\fR and \fB\-s\fR options.
.IP "\fB\-\-stop\-address=\fR\fIaddress\fR" 4
.IX Item "--stop-address=address"
Stop displaying data at the specified address. This affects the output
of the \fB\-d\fR, \fB\-r\fR and \fB\-s\fR options.
.IP "\fB\-t\fR" 4
.IX Item "-t"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-syms\fR" 4
.IX Item "--syms"
.PD
Print the symbol table entries of the file.
This is similar to the information provided by the \fBnm\fR program.
.IP "\fB\-T\fR" 4
.IX Item "-T"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-dynamic\-syms\fR" 4
.IX Item "--dynamic-syms"
.PD
Print the dynamic symbol table entries of the file. This is only
meaningful for dynamic objects, such as certain types of shared
libraries. This is similar to the information provided by the \fBnm\fR
program when given the \fB\-D\fR (\fB\-\-dynamic\fR) option.
.IP "\fB\-\-special\-syms\fR" 4
.IX Item "--special-syms"
When displaying symbols include those which the target considers to be
special in some way and which would not normally be of interest to the
user.
.IP "\fB\-V\fR" 4
.IX Item "-V"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
.IX Item "--version"
.PD
Print the version number of \fBobjdump\fR and exit.
.IP "\fB\-x\fR" 4
.IX Item "-x"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-all\-headers\fR" 4
.IX Item "--all-headers"
.PD
Display all available header information, including the symbol table and
relocation entries. Using \fB\-x\fR is equivalent to specifying all of
\&\fB\-a \-f \-h \-p \-r \-t\fR.
.IP "\fB\-w\fR" 4
.IX Item "-w"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-wide\fR" 4
.IX Item "--wide"
.PD
Format some lines for output devices that have more than 80 columns.
Also do not truncate symbol names when they are displayed.
.IP "\fB\-z\fR" 4
.IX Item "-z"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-disassemble\-zeroes\fR" 4
.IX Item "--disassemble-zeroes"
.PD
Normally the disassembly output will skip blocks of zeroes. This
option directs the disassembler to disassemble those blocks, just like
any other data.
.IP "\fB@\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
.IX Item "@file"
Read command-line options from \fIfile\fR. The options read are
inserted in place of the original @\fIfile\fR option. If \fIfile\fR
does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated
literally, and not removed.
.Sp
Options in \fIfile\fR are separated by whitespace. A whitespace
character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire
option in either single or double quotes. Any character (including a
backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included
with a backslash. The \fIfile\fR may itself contain additional
@\fIfile\fR options; any such options will be processed recursively.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\fInm\fR\|(1), \fIreadelf\fR\|(1), and the Info entries for \fIbinutils\fR.
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.PP
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
section entitled \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License\*(R".

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.\}
.if t \{\
. ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
. ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
. ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
. ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
. ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
. ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
.\}
. \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
. \" corrections for vroff
.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
. \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
\{\
. ds : e
. ds 8 ss
. ds o a
. ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
. ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
. ds th \o'bp'
. ds Th \o'LP'
. ds ae ae
. ds Ae AE
.\}
.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "RANLIB 1"
.TH RANLIB 1 "2010-10-30" "binutils-2.17.50" "GNU Development Tools"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
ranlib \- generate index to archive.
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
ranlib [\fB\-vV\fR] \fIarchive\fR
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
\&\fBranlib\fR generates an index to the contents of an archive and
stores it in the archive. The index lists each symbol defined by a
member of an archive that is a relocatable object file.
.PP
You may use \fBnm \-s\fR or \fBnm \-\-print\-armap\fR to list this index.
.PP
An archive with such an index speeds up linking to the library and
allows routines in the library to call each other without regard to
their placement in the archive.
.PP
The \s-1GNU\s0 \fBranlib\fR program is another form of \s-1GNU\s0 \fBar\fR; running
\&\fBranlib\fR is completely equivalent to executing \fBar \-s\fR.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
.IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4
.IX Item "-v"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-V\fR" 4
.IX Item "-V"
.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
.IX Item "--version"
.PD
Show the version number of \fBranlib\fR.
.IP "\fB@\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
.IX Item "@file"
Read command-line options from \fIfile\fR. The options read are
inserted in place of the original @\fIfile\fR option. If \fIfile\fR
does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated
literally, and not removed.
.Sp
Options in \fIfile\fR are separated by whitespace. A whitespace
character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire
option in either single or double quotes. Any character (including a
backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included
with a backslash. The \fIfile\fR may itself contain additional
@\fIfile\fR options; any such options will be processed recursively.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\fIar\fR\|(1), \fInm\fR\|(1), and the Info entries for \fIbinutils\fR.
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.PP
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
section entitled \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License\*(R".

377
gnu/usr.bin/binutils/readelf/readelf.1 Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.23 (Pod::Simple 3.14)
.\"
.\" Standard preamble:
.\" ========================================================================
.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
.if t .sp .5v
.if n .sp
..
.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
.ft CW
.nf
.ne \\$1
..
.de Ve \" End verbatim text
.ft R
.fi
..
.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will
.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. \*(C+ will
.\" give a nicer C++. Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
.\" therefore won't be available. \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
.tr \(*W-
.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
.ie n \{\
. ds -- \(*W-
. ds PI pi
. if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
. if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch
. ds L" ""
. ds R" ""
. ds C` ""
. ds C' ""
'br\}
.el\{\
. ds -- \|\(em\|
. ds PI \(*p
. ds L" ``
. ds R" ''
'br\}
.\"
.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.\"
.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
.\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the
.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
.ie \nF \{\
. de IX
. tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
..
. nr % 0
. rr F
.\}
.el \{\
. de IX
..
.\}
.\"
.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
.\" Fear. Run. Save yourself. No user-serviceable parts.
. \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
. ds #H 0
. ds #V .8m
. ds #F .3m
. ds #[ \f1
. ds #] \fP
.\}
.if t \{\
. ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
. ds #V .6m
. ds #F 0
. ds #[ \&
. ds #] \&
.\}
. \" simple accents for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
. ds ' \&
. ds ` \&
. ds ^ \&
. ds , \&
. ds ~ ~
. ds /
.\}
.if t \{\
. ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
. ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
. ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
. ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
. ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
. ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
.\}
. \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
. \" corrections for vroff
.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
. \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
\{\
. ds : e
. ds 8 ss
. ds o a
. ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
. ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
. ds th \o'bp'
. ds Th \o'LP'
. ds ae ae
. ds Ae AE
.\}
.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "READELF 1"
.TH READELF 1 "2010-10-30" "binutils-2.17.50" "GNU Development Tools"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
readelf \- Displays information about ELF files.
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
readelf [\fB\-a\fR|\fB\-\-all\fR]
[\fB\-h\fR|\fB\-\-file\-header\fR]
[\fB\-l\fR|\fB\-\-program\-headers\fR|\fB\-\-segments\fR]
[\fB\-S\fR|\fB\-\-section\-headers\fR|\fB\-\-sections\fR]
[\fB\-g\fR|\fB\-\-section\-groups\fR]
[\fB\-t\fR|\fB\-\-section\-details\fR]
[\fB\-e\fR|\fB\-\-headers\fR]
[\fB\-s\fR|\fB\-\-syms\fR|\fB\-\-symbols\fR]
[\fB\-n\fR|\fB\-\-notes\fR]
[\fB\-r\fR|\fB\-\-relocs\fR]
[\fB\-u\fR|\fB\-\-unwind\fR]
[\fB\-d\fR|\fB\-\-dynamic\fR]
[\fB\-V\fR|\fB\-\-version\-info\fR]
[\fB\-A\fR|\fB\-\-arch\-specific\fR]
[\fB\-D\fR|\fB\-\-use\-dynamic\fR]
[\fB\-x\fR <number or name>|\fB\-\-hex\-dump=\fR<number or name>]
[\fB\-w[liaprmfFsoR]\fR|
\fB\-\-debug\-dump\fR[=line,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames,=frames\-interp,=str,=loc,=Ranges]]
[\fB\-I\fR|\fB\-histogram\fR]
[\fB\-v\fR|\fB\-\-version\fR]
[\fB\-W\fR|\fB\-\-wide\fR]
[\fB\-H\fR|\fB\-\-help\fR]
\fIelffile\fR...
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
\&\fBreadelf\fR displays information about one or more \s-1ELF\s0 format object
files. The options control what particular information to display.
.PP
\&\fIelffile\fR... are the object files to be examined. 32\-bit and
64\-bit \s-1ELF\s0 files are supported, as are archives containing \s-1ELF\s0 files.
.PP
This program performs a similar function to \fBobjdump\fR but it
goes into more detail and it exists independently of the \s-1BFD\s0
library, so if there is a bug in \s-1BFD\s0 then readelf will not be
affected.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are
equivalent. At least one option besides \fB\-v\fR or \fB\-H\fR must be
given.
.IP "\fB\-a\fR" 4
.IX Item "-a"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-all\fR" 4
.IX Item "--all"
.PD
Equivalent to specifying \fB\-\-file\-header\fR,
\&\fB\-\-program\-headers\fR, \fB\-\-sections\fR, \fB\-\-symbols\fR,
\&\fB\-\-relocs\fR, \fB\-\-dynamic\fR, \fB\-\-notes\fR and
\&\fB\-\-version\-info\fR.
.IP "\fB\-h\fR" 4
.IX Item "-h"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-file\-header\fR" 4
.IX Item "--file-header"
.PD
Displays the information contained in the \s-1ELF\s0 header at the start of the
file.
.IP "\fB\-l\fR" 4
.IX Item "-l"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-program\-headers\fR" 4
.IX Item "--program-headers"
.IP "\fB\-\-segments\fR" 4
.IX Item "--segments"
.PD
Displays the information contained in the file's segment headers, if it
has any.
.IP "\fB\-S\fR" 4
.IX Item "-S"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-sections\fR" 4
.IX Item "--sections"
.IP "\fB\-\-section\-headers\fR" 4
.IX Item "--section-headers"
.PD
Displays the information contained in the file's section headers, if it
has any.
.IP "\fB\-g\fR" 4
.IX Item "-g"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-section\-groups\fR" 4
.IX Item "--section-groups"
.PD
Displays the information contained in the file's section groups, if it
has any.
.IP "\fB\-t\fR" 4
.IX Item "-t"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-section\-details\fR" 4
.IX Item "--section-details"
.PD
Displays the detailed section information. Implies \fB\-S\fR.
.IP "\fB\-s\fR" 4
.IX Item "-s"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-symbols\fR" 4
.IX Item "--symbols"
.IP "\fB\-\-syms\fR" 4
.IX Item "--syms"
.PD
Displays the entries in symbol table section of the file, if it has one.
.IP "\fB\-e\fR" 4
.IX Item "-e"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-headers\fR" 4
.IX Item "--headers"
.PD
Display all the headers in the file. Equivalent to \fB\-h \-l \-S\fR.
.IP "\fB\-n\fR" 4
.IX Item "-n"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-notes\fR" 4
.IX Item "--notes"
.PD
Displays the contents of the \s-1NOTE\s0 segments and/or sections, if any.
.IP "\fB\-r\fR" 4
.IX Item "-r"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-relocs\fR" 4
.IX Item "--relocs"
.PD
Displays the contents of the file's relocation section, if it has one.
.IP "\fB\-u\fR" 4
.IX Item "-u"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-unwind\fR" 4
.IX Item "--unwind"
.PD
Displays the contents of the file's unwind section, if it has one. Only
the unwind sections for \s-1IA64\s0 \s-1ELF\s0 files are currently supported.
.IP "\fB\-d\fR" 4
.IX Item "-d"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-dynamic\fR" 4
.IX Item "--dynamic"
.PD
Displays the contents of the file's dynamic section, if it has one.
.IP "\fB\-V\fR" 4
.IX Item "-V"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-version\-info\fR" 4
.IX Item "--version-info"
.PD
Displays the contents of the version sections in the file, it they
exist.
.IP "\fB\-A\fR" 4
.IX Item "-A"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-arch\-specific\fR" 4
.IX Item "--arch-specific"
.PD
Displays architecture-specific information in the file, if there
is any.
.IP "\fB\-D\fR" 4
.IX Item "-D"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-use\-dynamic\fR" 4
.IX Item "--use-dynamic"
.PD
When displaying symbols, this option makes \fBreadelf\fR use the
symbol table in the file's dynamic section, rather than the one in the
symbols section.
.IP "\fB\-x <number or name>\fR" 4
.IX Item "-x <number or name>"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-hex\-dump=<number or name>\fR" 4
.IX Item "--hex-dump=<number or name>"
.PD
Displays the contents of the indicated section as a hexadecimal dump.
A number identifies a particular section by index in the section table;
any other string identifies all sections with that name in the object file.
.IP "\fB\-w[liaprmfFsoR]\fR" 4
.IX Item "-w[liaprmfFsoR]"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-debug\-dump[=line,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames,=frames\-interp,=str,=loc,=Ranges]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--debug-dump[=line,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames,=frames-interp,=str,=loc,=Ranges]"
.PD
Displays the contents of the debug sections in the file, if any are
present. If one of the optional letters or words follows the switch
then only data found in those specific sections will be dumped.
.IP "\fB\-I\fR" 4
.IX Item "-I"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-histogram\fR" 4
.IX Item "--histogram"
.PD
Display a histogram of bucket list lengths when displaying the contents
of the symbol tables.
.IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4
.IX Item "-v"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
.IX Item "--version"
.PD
Display the version number of readelf.
.IP "\fB\-W\fR" 4
.IX Item "-W"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-wide\fR" 4
.IX Item "--wide"
.PD
Don't break output lines to fit into 80 columns. By default
\&\fBreadelf\fR breaks section header and segment listing lines for
64\-bit \s-1ELF\s0 files, so that they fit into 80 columns. This option causes
\&\fBreadelf\fR to print each section header resp. each segment one a
single line, which is far more readable on terminals wider than 80 columns.
.IP "\fB\-H\fR" 4
.IX Item "-H"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
.IX Item "--help"
.PD
Display the command line options understood by \fBreadelf\fR.
.IP "\fB@\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
.IX Item "@file"
Read command-line options from \fIfile\fR. The options read are
inserted in place of the original @\fIfile\fR option. If \fIfile\fR
does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated
literally, and not removed.
.Sp
Options in \fIfile\fR are separated by whitespace. A whitespace
character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire
option in either single or double quotes. Any character (including a
backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included
with a backslash. The \fIfile\fR may itself contain additional
@\fIfile\fR options; any such options will be processed recursively.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\fIobjdump\fR\|(1), and the Info entries for \fIbinutils\fR.
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.PP
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
section entitled \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License\*(R".

263
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@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.23 (Pod::Simple 3.14)
.\"
.\" Standard preamble:
.\" ========================================================================
.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
.if t .sp .5v
.if n .sp
..
.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
.ft CW
.nf
.ne \\$1
..
.de Ve \" End verbatim text
.ft R
.fi
..
.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will
.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. \*(C+ will
.\" give a nicer C++. Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
.\" therefore won't be available. \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
.tr \(*W-
.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
.ie n \{\
. ds -- \(*W-
. ds PI pi
. if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
. if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch
. ds L" ""
. ds R" ""
. ds C` ""
. ds C' ""
'br\}
.el\{\
. ds -- \|\(em\|
. ds PI \(*p
. ds L" ``
. ds R" ''
'br\}
.\"
.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.\"
.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
.\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the
.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
.ie \nF \{\
. de IX
. tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
..
. nr % 0
. rr F
.\}
.el \{\
. de IX
..
.\}
.\"
.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
.\" Fear. Run. Save yourself. No user-serviceable parts.
. \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
. ds #H 0
. ds #V .8m
. ds #F .3m
. ds #[ \f1
. ds #] \fP
.\}
.if t \{\
. ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
. ds #V .6m
. ds #F 0
. ds #[ \&
. ds #] \&
.\}
. \" simple accents for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
. ds ' \&
. ds ` \&
. ds ^ \&
. ds , \&
. ds ~ ~
. ds /
.\}
.if t \{\
. ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
. ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
. ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
. ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
. ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
. ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
.\}
. \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
. \" corrections for vroff
.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
. \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
\{\
. ds : e
. ds 8 ss
. ds o a
. ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
. ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
. ds th \o'bp'
. ds Th \o'LP'
. ds ae ae
. ds Ae AE
.\}
.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "SIZE 1"
.TH SIZE 1 "2010-10-30" "binutils-2.17.50" "GNU Development Tools"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
size \- list section sizes and total size.
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
size [\fB\-A\fR|\fB\-B\fR|\fB\-\-format=\fR\fIcompatibility\fR]
[\fB\-\-help\fR]
[\fB\-d\fR|\fB\-o\fR|\fB\-x\fR|\fB\-\-radix=\fR\fInumber\fR]
[\fB\-t\fR|\fB\-\-totals\fR]
[\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR] [\fB\-V\fR|\fB\-\-version\fR]
[\fIobjfile\fR...]
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
The \s-1GNU\s0 \fBsize\fR utility lists the section sizes\-\-\-and the total
size\-\-\-for each of the object or archive files \fIobjfile\fR in its
argument list. By default, one line of output is generated for each
object file or each module in an archive.
.PP
\&\fIobjfile\fR... are the object files to be examined.
If none are specified, the file \f(CW\*(C`a.out\*(C'\fR will be used.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
The command line options have the following meanings:
.IP "\fB\-A\fR" 4
.IX Item "-A"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-B\fR" 4
.IX Item "-B"
.IP "\fB\-\-format=\fR\fIcompatibility\fR" 4
.IX Item "--format=compatibility"
.PD
Using one of these options, you can choose whether the output from \s-1GNU\s0
\&\fBsize\fR resembles output from System V \fBsize\fR (using \fB\-A\fR,
or \fB\-\-format=sysv\fR), or Berkeley \fBsize\fR (using \fB\-B\fR, or
\&\fB\-\-format=berkeley\fR). The default is the one-line format similar to
Berkeley's.
.Sp
Here is an example of the Berkeley (default) format of output from
\&\fBsize\fR:
.Sp
.Vb 4
\& $ size \-\-format=Berkeley ranlib size
\& text data bss dec hex filename
\& 294880 81920 11592 388392 5ed28 ranlib
\& 294880 81920 11888 388688 5ee50 size
.Ve
.Sp
This is the same data, but displayed closer to System V conventions:
.Sp
.Vb 7
\& $ size \-\-format=SysV ranlib size
\& ranlib :
\& section size addr
\& .text 294880 8192
\& .data 81920 303104
\& .bss 11592 385024
\& Total 388392
\&
\&
\& size :
\& section size addr
\& .text 294880 8192
\& .data 81920 303104
\& .bss 11888 385024
\& Total 388688
.Ve
.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
.IX Item "--help"
Show a summary of acceptable arguments and options.
.IP "\fB\-d\fR" 4
.IX Item "-d"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-o\fR" 4
.IX Item "-o"
.IP "\fB\-x\fR" 4
.IX Item "-x"
.IP "\fB\-\-radix=\fR\fInumber\fR" 4
.IX Item "--radix=number"
.PD
Using one of these options, you can control whether the size of each
section is given in decimal (\fB\-d\fR, or \fB\-\-radix=10\fR); octal
(\fB\-o\fR, or \fB\-\-radix=8\fR); or hexadecimal (\fB\-x\fR, or
\&\fB\-\-radix=16\fR). In \fB\-\-radix=\fR\fInumber\fR, only the three
values (8, 10, 16) are supported. The total size is always given in two
radices; decimal and hexadecimal for \fB\-d\fR or \fB\-x\fR output, or
octal and hexadecimal if you're using \fB\-o\fR.
.IP "\fB\-t\fR" 4
.IX Item "-t"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-totals\fR" 4
.IX Item "--totals"
.PD
Show totals of all objects listed (Berkeley format listing mode only).
.IP "\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
.IX Item "--target=bfdname"
Specify that the object-code format for \fIobjfile\fR is
\&\fIbfdname\fR. This option may not be necessary; \fBsize\fR can
automatically recognize many formats.
.IP "\fB\-V\fR" 4
.IX Item "-V"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
.IX Item "--version"
.PD
Display the version number of \fBsize\fR.
.IP "\fB@\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
.IX Item "@file"
Read command-line options from \fIfile\fR. The options read are
inserted in place of the original @\fIfile\fR option. If \fIfile\fR
does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated
literally, and not removed.
.Sp
Options in \fIfile\fR are separated by whitespace. A whitespace
character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire
option in either single or double quotes. Any character (including a
backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included
with a backslash. The \fIfile\fR may itself contain additional
@\fIfile\fR options; any such options will be processed recursively.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\fIar\fR\|(1), \fIobjdump\fR\|(1), \fIreadelf\fR\|(1), and the Info entries for \fIbinutils\fR.
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.PP
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
section entitled \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License\*(R".

254
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@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.23 (Pod::Simple 3.14)
.\"
.\" Standard preamble:
.\" ========================================================================
.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
.if t .sp .5v
.if n .sp
..
.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
.ft CW
.nf
.ne \\$1
..
.de Ve \" End verbatim text
.ft R
.fi
..
.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will
.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. \*(C+ will
.\" give a nicer C++. Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
.\" therefore won't be available. \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
.tr \(*W-
.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
.ie n \{\
. ds -- \(*W-
. ds PI pi
. if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
. if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch
. ds L" ""
. ds R" ""
. ds C` ""
. ds C' ""
'br\}
.el\{\
. ds -- \|\(em\|
. ds PI \(*p
. ds L" ``
. ds R" ''
'br\}
.\"
.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.\"
.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
.\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the
.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
.ie \nF \{\
. de IX
. tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
..
. nr % 0
. rr F
.\}
.el \{\
. de IX
..
.\}
.\"
.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
.\" Fear. Run. Save yourself. No user-serviceable parts.
. \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
. ds #H 0
. ds #V .8m
. ds #F .3m
. ds #[ \f1
. ds #] \fP
.\}
.if t \{\
. ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
. ds #V .6m
. ds #F 0
. ds #[ \&
. ds #] \&
.\}
. \" simple accents for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
. ds ' \&
. ds ` \&
. ds ^ \&
. ds , \&
. ds ~ ~
. ds /
.\}
.if t \{\
. ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
. ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
. ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
. ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
. ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
. ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
.\}
. \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
. \" corrections for vroff
.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
. \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
\{\
. ds : e
. ds 8 ss
. ds o a
. ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
. ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
. ds th \o'bp'
. ds Th \o'LP'
. ds ae ae
. ds Ae AE
.\}
.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "STRINGS 1"
.TH STRINGS 1 "2010-10-30" "binutils-2.17.50" "GNU Development Tools"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
strings \- print the strings of printable characters in files.
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
strings [\fB\-afov\fR] [\fB\-\fR\fImin-len\fR]
[\fB\-n\fR \fImin-len\fR] [\fB\-\-bytes=\fR\fImin-len\fR]
[\fB\-t\fR \fIradix\fR] [\fB\-\-radix=\fR\fIradix\fR]
[\fB\-e\fR \fIencoding\fR] [\fB\-\-encoding=\fR\fIencoding\fR]
[\fB\-\fR] [\fB\-\-all\fR] [\fB\-\-print\-file\-name\fR]
[\fB\-T\fR \fIbfdname\fR] [\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
[\fB\-\-help\fR] [\fB\-\-version\fR] \fIfile\fR...
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
For each \fIfile\fR given, \s-1GNU\s0 \fBstrings\fR prints the printable
character sequences that are at least 4 characters long (or the number
given with the options below) and are followed by an unprintable
character. By default, it only prints the strings from the initialized
and loaded sections of object files; for other types of files, it prints
the strings from the whole file.
.PP
\&\fBstrings\fR is mainly useful for determining the contents of non-text
files.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
.IP "\fB\-a\fR" 4
.IX Item "-a"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-all\fR" 4
.IX Item "--all"
.IP "\fB\-\fR" 4
.IX Item "-"
.PD
Do not scan only the initialized and loaded sections of object files;
scan the whole files.
.IP "\fB\-f\fR" 4
.IX Item "-f"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-print\-file\-name\fR" 4
.IX Item "--print-file-name"
.PD
Print the name of the file before each string.
.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
.IX Item "--help"
Print a summary of the program usage on the standard output and exit.
.IP "\fB\-\fR\fImin-len\fR" 4
.IX Item "-min-len"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-n\fR \fImin-len\fR" 4
.IX Item "-n min-len"
.IP "\fB\-\-bytes=\fR\fImin-len\fR" 4
.IX Item "--bytes=min-len"
.PD
Print sequences of characters that are at least \fImin-len\fR characters
long, instead of the default 4.
.IP "\fB\-o\fR" 4
.IX Item "-o"
Like \fB\-t o\fR. Some other versions of \fBstrings\fR have \fB\-o\fR
act like \fB\-t d\fR instead. Since we can not be compatible with both
ways, we simply chose one.
.IP "\fB\-t\fR \fIradix\fR" 4
.IX Item "-t radix"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-radix=\fR\fIradix\fR" 4
.IX Item "--radix=radix"
.PD
Print the offset within the file before each string. The single
character argument specifies the radix of the offset\-\-\-\fBo\fR for
octal, \fBx\fR for hexadecimal, or \fBd\fR for decimal.
.IP "\fB\-e\fR \fIencoding\fR" 4
.IX Item "-e encoding"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-encoding=\fR\fIencoding\fR" 4
.IX Item "--encoding=encoding"
.PD
Select the character encoding of the strings that are to be found.
Possible values for \fIencoding\fR are: \fBs\fR = single\-7\-bit\-byte
characters (\s-1ASCII\s0, \s-1ISO\s0 8859, etc., default), \fBS\fR =
single\-8\-bit\-byte characters, \fBb\fR = 16\-bit bigendian, \fBl\fR =
16\-bit littleendian, \fBB\fR = 32\-bit bigendian, \fBL\fR = 32\-bit
littleendian. Useful for finding wide character strings.
.IP "\fB\-T\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
.IX Item "-T bfdname"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
.IX Item "--target=bfdname"
.PD
Specify an object code format other than your system's default format.
.IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4
.IX Item "-v"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
.IX Item "--version"
.PD
Print the program version number on the standard output and exit.
.IP "\fB@\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
.IX Item "@file"
Read command-line options from \fIfile\fR. The options read are
inserted in place of the original @\fIfile\fR option. If \fIfile\fR
does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated
literally, and not removed.
.Sp
Options in \fIfile\fR are separated by whitespace. A whitespace
character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire
option in either single or double quotes. Any character (including a
backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included
with a backslash. The \fIfile\fR may itself contain additional
@\fIfile\fR options; any such options will be processed recursively.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\fIar\fR\|(1), \fInm\fR\|(1), \fIobjdump\fR\|(1), \fIranlib\fR\|(1), \fIreadelf\fR\|(1)
and the Info entries for \fIbinutils\fR.
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.PP
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
section entitled \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License\*(R".

392
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@ -0,0 +1,392 @@
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.23 (Pod::Simple 3.14)
.\"
.\" Standard preamble:
.\" ========================================================================
.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
.if t .sp .5v
.if n .sp
..
.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
.ft CW
.nf
.ne \\$1
..
.de Ve \" End verbatim text
.ft R
.fi
..
.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will
.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. \*(C+ will
.\" give a nicer C++. Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
.\" therefore won't be available. \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
.tr \(*W-
.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
.ie n \{\
. ds -- \(*W-
. ds PI pi
. if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
. if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch
. ds L" ""
. ds R" ""
. ds C` ""
. ds C' ""
'br\}
.el\{\
. ds -- \|\(em\|
. ds PI \(*p
. ds L" ``
. ds R" ''
'br\}
.\"
.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.\"
.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
.\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the
.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
.ie \nF \{\
. de IX
. tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
..
. nr % 0
. rr F
.\}
.el \{\
. de IX
..
.\}
.\"
.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
.\" Fear. Run. Save yourself. No user-serviceable parts.
. \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
. ds #H 0
. ds #V .8m
. ds #F .3m
. ds #[ \f1
. ds #] \fP
.\}
.if t \{\
. ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
. ds #V .6m
. ds #F 0
. ds #[ \&
. ds #] \&
.\}
. \" simple accents for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
. ds ' \&
. ds ` \&
. ds ^ \&
. ds , \&
. ds ~ ~
. ds /
.\}
.if t \{\
. ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
. ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
. ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
. ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
. ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
. ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
.\}
. \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
. \" corrections for vroff
.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
. \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
\{\
. ds : e
. ds 8 ss
. ds o a
. ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
. ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
. ds th \o'bp'
. ds Th \o'LP'
. ds ae ae
. ds Ae AE
.\}
.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "STRIP 1"
.TH STRIP 1 "2010-10-30" "binutils-2.17.50" "GNU Development Tools"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
strip \- Discard symbols from object files.
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
strip [\fB\-F\fR \fIbfdname\fR |\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
[\fB\-I\fR \fIbfdname\fR |\fB\-\-input\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
[\fB\-O\fR \fIbfdname\fR |\fB\-\-output\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
[\fB\-s\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-all\fR]
[\fB\-S\fR|\fB\-g\fR|\fB\-d\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR]
[\fB\-K\fR \fIsymbolname\fR |\fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
[\fB\-N\fR \fIsymbolname\fR |\fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
[\fB\-w\fR|\fB\-\-wildcard\fR]
[\fB\-x\fR|\fB\-\-discard\-all\fR] [\fB\-X\fR |\fB\-\-discard\-locals\fR]
[\fB\-R\fR \fIsectionname\fR |\fB\-\-remove\-section=\fR\fIsectionname\fR]
[\fB\-o\fR \fIfile\fR] [\fB\-p\fR|\fB\-\-preserve\-dates\fR]
[\fB\-\-keep\-file\-symbols\fR]
[\fB\-\-only\-keep\-debug\fR]
[\fB\-v\fR |\fB\-\-verbose\fR] [\fB\-V\fR|\fB\-\-version\fR]
[\fB\-\-help\fR] [\fB\-\-info\fR]
\fIobjfile\fR...
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
\&\s-1GNU\s0 \fBstrip\fR discards all symbols from object files
\&\fIobjfile\fR. The list of object files may include archives.
At least one object file must be given.
.PP
\&\fBstrip\fR modifies the files named in its argument,
rather than writing modified copies under different names.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
.IP "\fB\-F\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
.IX Item "-F bfdname"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
.IX Item "--target=bfdname"
.PD
Treat the original \fIobjfile\fR as a file with the object
code format \fIbfdname\fR, and rewrite it in the same format.
.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
.IX Item "--help"
Show a summary of the options to \fBstrip\fR and exit.
.IP "\fB\-\-info\fR" 4
.IX Item "--info"
Display a list showing all architectures and object formats available.
.IP "\fB\-I\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
.IX Item "-I bfdname"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-input\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
.IX Item "--input-target=bfdname"
.PD
Treat the original \fIobjfile\fR as a file with the object
code format \fIbfdname\fR.
.IP "\fB\-O\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
.IX Item "-O bfdname"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-output\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
.IX Item "--output-target=bfdname"
.PD
Replace \fIobjfile\fR with a file in the output format \fIbfdname\fR.
.IP "\fB\-R\fR \fIsectionname\fR" 4
.IX Item "-R sectionname"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-remove\-section=\fR\fIsectionname\fR" 4
.IX Item "--remove-section=sectionname"
.PD
Remove any section named \fIsectionname\fR from the output file. This
option may be given more than once. Note that using this option
inappropriately may make the output file unusable.
.IP "\fB\-s\fR" 4
.IX Item "-s"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-all\fR" 4
.IX Item "--strip-all"
.PD
Remove all symbols.
.IP "\fB\-g\fR" 4
.IX Item "-g"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-S\fR" 4
.IX Item "-S"
.IP "\fB\-d\fR" 4
.IX Item "-d"
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR" 4
.IX Item "--strip-debug"
.PD
Remove debugging symbols only.
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\fR" 4
.IX Item "--strip-unneeded"
Remove all symbols that are not needed for relocation processing.
.IP "\fB\-K\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
.IX Item "-K symbolname"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
.IX Item "--keep-symbol=symbolname"
.PD
When stripping symbols, keep symbol \fIsymbolname\fR even if it would
normally be stripped. This option may be given more than once.
.IP "\fB\-N\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
.IX Item "-N symbolname"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
.IX Item "--strip-symbol=symbolname"
.PD
Remove symbol \fIsymbolname\fR from the source file. This option may be
given more than once, and may be combined with strip options other than
\&\fB\-K\fR.
.IP "\fB\-o\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
.IX Item "-o file"
Put the stripped output in \fIfile\fR, rather than replacing the
existing file. When this argument is used, only one \fIobjfile\fR
argument may be specified.
.IP "\fB\-p\fR" 4
.IX Item "-p"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-preserve\-dates\fR" 4
.IX Item "--preserve-dates"
.PD
Preserve the access and modification dates of the file.
.IP "\fB\-w\fR" 4
.IX Item "-w"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-wildcard\fR" 4
.IX Item "--wildcard"
.PD
Permit regular expressions in \fIsymbolname\fRs used in other command
line options. The question mark (?), asterisk (*), backslash (\e) and
square brackets ([]) operators can be used anywhere in the symbol
name. If the first character of the symbol name is the exclamation
point (!) then the sense of the switch is reversed for that symbol.
For example:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& \-w \-K !foo \-K fo*
.Ve
.Sp
would cause strip to only keep symbols that start with the letters
\&\*(L"fo\*(R", but to discard the symbol \*(L"foo\*(R".
.IP "\fB\-x\fR" 4
.IX Item "-x"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-discard\-all\fR" 4
.IX Item "--discard-all"
.PD
Remove non-global symbols.
.IP "\fB\-X\fR" 4
.IX Item "-X"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-discard\-locals\fR" 4
.IX Item "--discard-locals"
.PD
Remove compiler-generated local symbols.
(These usually start with \fBL\fR or \fB.\fR.)
.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-file\-symbols\fR" 4
.IX Item "--keep-file-symbols"
When stripping a file, perhaps with \fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR or
\&\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\fR, retain any symbols specifying source file names,
which would otherwise get stripped.
.IP "\fB\-\-only\-keep\-debug\fR" 4
.IX Item "--only-keep-debug"
Strip a file, removing contents of any sections that would not be
stripped by \fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR and leaving the debugging sections
intact. In \s-1ELF\s0 files, this preserves all note sections in the output.
.Sp
The intention is that this option will be used in conjunction with
\&\fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink\fR to create a two part executable. One a
stripped binary which will occupy less space in \s-1RAM\s0 and in a
distribution and the second a debugging information file which is only
needed if debugging abilities are required. The suggested procedure
to create these files is as follows:
.RS 4
.IP "1.<Link the executable as normal. Assuming that is is called>" 4
.IX Item "1.<Link the executable as normal. Assuming that is is called>"
\&\f(CW\*(C`foo\*(C'\fR then...
.ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-only\-keep\-debug foo foo.dbg"" to>" 4
.el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-only\-keep\-debug foo foo.dbg\fR to>" 4
.IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --only-keep-debug foo foo.dbg to>"
create a file containing the debugging info.
.ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo"" to create a>" 4
.el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo\fR to create a>" 4
.IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --strip-debug foo to create a>"
stripped executable.
.ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.dbg foo"">" 4
.el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.dbg foo\fR>" 4
.IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=foo.dbg foo>"
to add a link to the debugging info into the stripped executable.
.RE
.RS 4
.Sp
Note \- the choice of \f(CW\*(C`.dbg\*(C'\fR as an extension for the debug info
file is arbitrary. Also the \f(CW\*(C`\-\-only\-keep\-debug\*(C'\fR step is
optional. You could instead do this:
.IP "1.<Link the executable as normal.>" 4
.IX Item "1.<Link the executable as normal.>"
.PD 0
.ie n .IP "1.<Copy ""foo"" to ""foo.full"">" 4
.el .IP "1.<Copy \f(CWfoo\fR to \f(CWfoo.full\fR>" 4
.IX Item "1.<Copy foo to foo.full>"
.ie n .IP "1.<Run ""strip \-\-strip\-debug foo"">" 4
.el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWstrip \-\-strip\-debug foo\fR>" 4
.IX Item "1.<Run strip --strip-debug foo>"
.ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.full foo"">" 4
.el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.full foo\fR>" 4
.IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=foo.full foo>"
.RE
.RS 4
.PD
.Sp
ie the file pointed to by the \fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink\fR can be the
full executable. It does not have to be a file created by the
\&\fB\-\-only\-keep\-debug\fR switch.
.Sp
Note \- this switch is only intended for use on fully linked files. It
does not make sense to use it on object files where the debugging
information may be incomplete. Besides the gnu_debuglink feature
currently only supports the presence of one filename containing
debugging information, not multiple filenames on a one-per-object-file
basis.
.RE
.IP "\fB\-V\fR" 4
.IX Item "-V"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
.IX Item "--version"
.PD
Show the version number for \fBstrip\fR.
.IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4
.IX Item "-v"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-verbose\fR" 4
.IX Item "--verbose"
.PD
Verbose output: list all object files modified. In the case of
archives, \fBstrip \-v\fR lists all members of the archive.
.IP "\fB@\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
.IX Item "@file"
Read command-line options from \fIfile\fR. The options read are
inserted in place of the original @\fIfile\fR option. If \fIfile\fR
does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated
literally, and not removed.
.Sp
Options in \fIfile\fR are separated by whitespace. A whitespace
character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire
option in either single or double quotes. Any character (including a
backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included
with a backslash. The \fIfile\fR may itself contain additional
@\fIfile\fR options; any such options will be processed recursively.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
the Info entries for \fIbinutils\fR.
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.PP
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
section entitled \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License\*(R".