Import tzdata 2016g

svn path=/vendor/tzdata/dist/; revision=306847 svn path=/vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/; revision=306848; tag=vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g
2016-10-08 14:31:55 +00:00 · 2016-10-08 14:31:55 +00:00 · c3515a1981 · 2020-12-20 02:59:44 +00:00
commit c3515a1981
parent 6305f81367
15 changed files with 1416 additions and 798 deletions
--- a/12
+++ b/12
@ -343,6 +343,12 @@ Rule	Egypt	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=1	24:00	0	-
 # decision to abandon DST permanently.  See Ahram Online 2015-04-24.
 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29):
 # Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October....
 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx
 # From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04):
 # Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST,
 Rule	Egypt	2008	only	-	Aug	lastThu	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Egypt	2009	only	-	Aug	20	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Aug	10	24:00	0	-
@ -458,7 +464,7 @@ Zone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
-# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2.
+# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Libya	1951	only	-	Oct	14	2:00	1:00	S
@ -858,11 +864,11 @@ Rule	Morocco	2009	only	-	Aug	21	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2010	only	-	May	 2	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2010	only	-	Aug	 8	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Apr	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Jul	31	 0	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Jul	31	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2012	2013	-	Apr	lastSun	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Sep	30	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Jul	20	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Aug	20	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Sep	30	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Jul	 7	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Aug	10	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2013	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 3:00	0	-
--- a/83
+++ b/83
@ -10,10 +10,8 @@
 # http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm
 # for information.
 # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
-#
+
-# Except for the French entries,
+# FORMAT is '-00' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
 # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
 # FORMAT is 'zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
 # Argentina - year-round bases
 # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
@ -29,7 +27,7 @@
 #	previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
 #	Margaret Turner reports
 #	http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html
-#	(1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
+#	(1999-09-30) that they're UT +05, with no DST;
 #	presumably this is when they have visitors.
 #
 # year-round bases
@ -67,24 +65,23 @@
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Casey	0	-	zzz	1969
+Zone Antarctica/Casey	0	-	-00	1969
-			8:00	-	AWST	2009 Oct 18  2:00
+			8:00	-	+08	2009 Oct 18  2:00
-						# Australian Western Std Time
+			11:00	-	+11	2010 Mar  5  2:00
-			11:00	-	CAST	2010 Mar  5  2:00  # Casey Time
+			8:00	-	+08	2011 Oct 28  2:00
-			8:00	-	AWST	2011 Oct 28  2:00
+			11:00	-	+11	2012 Feb 21 17:00u
-			11:00	-	CAST	2012 Feb 21 17:00u
+			8:00	-	+08
-			8:00	-	AWST
+Zone Antarctica/Davis	0	-	-00	1957 Jan 13
-Zone Antarctica/Davis	0	-	zzz	1957 Jan 13
+			7:00	-	+07	1964 Nov
-			7:00	-	DAVT	1964 Nov    # Davis Time
+			0	-	-00	1969 Feb
-			0	-	zzz	1969 Feb
+			7:00	-	+07	2009 Oct 18  2:00
-			7:00	-	DAVT	2009 Oct 18  2:00
+			5:00	-	+05	2010 Mar 10 20:00u
-			5:00	-	DAVT	2010 Mar 10 20:00u
+			7:00	-	+07	2011 Oct 28  2:00
-			7:00	-	DAVT	2011 Oct 28  2:00
+			5:00	-	+05	2012 Feb 21 20:00u
-			5:00	-	DAVT	2012 Feb 21 20:00u
+			7:00	-	+07
-			7:00	-	DAVT
+Zone Antarctica/Mawson	0	-	-00	1954 Feb 13
-Zone Antarctica/Mawson	0	-	zzz	1954 Feb 13
+			6:00	-	+06	2009 Oct 18  2:00
-			6:00	-	MAWT	2009 Oct 18  2:00 # Mawson Time
+			5:00	-	+05
 			5:00	-	MAWT
 # References:
 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
 # http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html
@ -137,8 +134,8 @@ Zone Antarctica/Mawson	0	-	zzz	1954 Feb 13
 #	fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Kerguelen	0	-	zzz	1950 # Port-aux-Français
+Zone Indian/Kerguelen	0	-	-00	1950 # Port-aux-Français
-			5:00	-	TFT	# ISO code TF Time
+			5:00	-	+05
 #
 # year-round base in the main continent
 # Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
@ -148,10 +145,10 @@ Zone Indian/Kerguelen	0	-	zzz	1950 # Port-aux-Français
 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 -	zzz	1947
+Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 -	-00	1947
-			10:00	-	PMT	1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
+			10:00	-	+10	1952 Jan 14
-			0	-	zzz	1956 Nov
+			0	-	-00	1956 Nov
-			10:00	-	DDUT	# Dumont-d'Urville Time
+			10:00	-	+10
 # France & Italy - year-round base
 # Concordia, -750600+1232000, since 2005
@ -176,8 +173,8 @@ Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 -	zzz	1947
 # was established on 1957-01-29.  Since Syowa station is still the main
 # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Syowa	0	-	zzz	1957 Jan 29
+Zone Antarctica/Syowa	0	-	-00	1957 Jan 29
-			3:00	-	SYOT	# Syowa Time
+			3:00	-	+03
 # See:
 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
 # http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html
@ -214,19 +211,19 @@ Zone Antarctica/Syowa	0	-	zzz	1957 Jan 29
 # correct, but they should be quite close to the actual dates.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-21):
-# The CET-switching Troll rules require zic from tzcode 2014b or later, so as
+# The CET-switching Troll rules require zic from tz 2014b or later, so as
 # suggested by Bengt-Inge Larsson comment them out for now, and approximate
 # with only UTC and CEST.  Uncomment them when 2014b is more prevalent.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-#Rule	Troll	2005	max	-	Mar	 1	1:00u	1:00	CET
+#Rule	Troll	2005	max	-	Mar	 1	1:00u	1:00	+01
-Rule	Troll	2005	max	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00u	2:00	CEST
+Rule	Troll	2005	max	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00u	2:00	+02
-#Rule	Troll	2005	max	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00u	1:00	CET
+#Rule	Troll	2005	max	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00u	1:00	+01
-#Rule	Troll	2004	max	-	Nov	 7	1:00u	0:00	UTC
+#Rule	Troll	2004	max	-	Nov	 7	1:00u	0:00	+00
 # Remove the following line when uncommenting the above '#Rule' lines.
-Rule	Troll	2004	max	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00u	0:00	UTC
+Rule	Troll	2004	max	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00u	0:00	+00
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Troll	0	-	zzz	2005 Feb 12
+Zone Antarctica/Troll	0	-	-00	2005 Feb 12
 			0:00	Troll	%s
 # Poland - year-round base
@ -265,10 +262,10 @@ Zone Antarctica/Troll	0	-	zzz	2005 Feb 12
 # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
 # solar noon.  So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
 # happened to be during their visit.  So we still don't really know what time
-# it is at Vostok.  But we'll guess UTC+6.
+# it is at Vostok.  But we'll guess +06.
 #
-Zone Antarctica/Vostok	0	-	zzz	1957 Dec 16
+Zone Antarctica/Vostok	0	-	-00	1957 Dec 16
-			6:00	-	VOST	# Vostok time
+			6:00	-	+06
 # S Africa - year-round bases
 # Marion Island, -4653+03752
@ -300,8 +297,8 @@ Zone Antarctica/Vostok	0	-	zzz	1957 Dec 16
 # <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Rothera	0	-	zzz	1976 Dec  1
+Zone Antarctica/Rothera	0	-	-00	1976 Dec  1
-			-3:00	-	ROTT	# Rothera time
+			-3:00	-	-03
 # Uruguay - year round base
 # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107
--- a/488
+++ b/488
@ -79,13 +79,9 @@ Rule E-EurAsia	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 Rule E-EurAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 Rule RussiaAsia	1981	1984	-	Apr	1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule RussiaAsia	1981	1983	-	Oct	1	 0:00	0	-
-Rule RussiaAsia	1984	1991	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
+Rule RussiaAsia	1984	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule RussiaAsia	1985	1991	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule RussiaAsia	1985	2011	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule RussiaAsia	1992	only	-	Mar	lastSat	23:00	1:00	S
+Rule RussiaAsia	1996	2011	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule RussiaAsia	1992	only	-	Sep	lastSat	23:00	0	-
 Rule RussiaAsia	1993	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule RussiaAsia	1993	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule RussiaAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 # Afghanistan
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@ -120,31 +116,37 @@ Zone	Asia/Kabul	4:36:48 -	LMT	1890
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Yerevan	2:58:00 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			3:00	-	YERT	1957 Mar    # Yerevan Time
+			3:00	-	+03	1957 Mar
-			4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			3:00	1:00	YERST	1991 Sep 23 # independence
+			3:00 RussiaAsia	+03/+04	1995 Sep 24  2:00s
-			3:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	1995 Sep 24  2:00s
+			4:00	-	+04	1997
-			4:00	-	AMT	1997
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05
 			4:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	2012 Mar 25  2:00s
 			4:00	-	AMT
 # Azerbaijan
 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17).
 # http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17):
 # ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to
 # daylight saving time....
 # http://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html
 # http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html
 # http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Azer	1997	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 4:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Azer	1997	2015	-	Mar	lastSun	 4:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Azer	1997	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 5:00	0	-
+Rule	Azer	1997	2015	-	Oct	lastSun	 5:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Baku	3:19:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			3:00	-	BAKT	1957 Mar    # Baku Time
+			3:00	-	+03	1957 Mar
-			4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			3:00	1:00	BAKST	1991 Aug 30 # independence
+			3:00 RussiaAsia	+03/+04	1992 Sep lastSun  2:00s
-			3:00 RussiaAsia	AZ%sT	1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
+			4:00	-	+04	1996
-			4:00	-	AZT	1996     # Azerbaijan Time
+			4:00	EUAsia	+04/+05	1997
-			4:00	EUAsia	AZ%sT	1997
+			4:00	Azer	+04/+05
 			4:00	Azer	AZ%sT
 # Bahrain
 # See Asia/Qatar.
@ -263,7 +265,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Brunei	7:39:40 -	LMT	1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Rangoon	6:24:40 -	LMT	1880        # or Yangon
+Zone	Asia/Yangon	6:24:40 -	LMT	1880        # or Rangoon
 			6:24:40	-	RMT	1920        # Rangoon Mean Time?
 			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May    # Burma Time
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 May  3
@ -378,7 +380,7 @@ Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
 # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
 # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
 # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai."  Guess that the
-# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT+8.
+# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08.
 #
 # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
 # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
@ -387,26 +389,26 @@ Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
 # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
 #
-# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT+8.5
+# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30
 # Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
 #
-# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT+8
+# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08
 # Asia/Shanghai
 # most of China
 # This currently represents most other zones as well,
 # as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970.
 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
-# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT+8 "from the end of the 19th century".
+# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century".
 #
-# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) UT+7
+# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of the area) UT +07
 # Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
 #
-# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT+6
+# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06
 # Asia/Urumqi
 # This currently represents Kunlun Time as well,
 # as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970.
@ -419,7 +421,7 @@ Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
 #
-# Kunlun Time UT+5.5
+# Kunlun Time UT +05:30
 # Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi)
 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
@ -435,7 +437,7 @@ Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
 #
 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
-# hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
+# hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang
 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
 # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
@ -491,8 +493,8 @@ Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
 # having the same time as Beijing.
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
-# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT+6) but
+# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06)
-# this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
+# but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
 # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
 # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
 # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
@ -506,12 +508,12 @@ Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
 # quite a trick.  Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
-# XJT at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
+# UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
-# guess) as the transition from LMT.  Ignore the usage of UT+8 before
+# guess) as the transition from LMT.  Ignore the usage of +08 before
-# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to UT+8 is unknown and
+# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and
 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
-# UT+8 mandate back then.
+# +08 mandate back then.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
@ -716,7 +718,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Hong_Kong	7:36:42 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30
 # be found from historical government announcement database.
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
-# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT+9 from 1937-10-01
+# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01
 # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
@ -830,16 +832,15 @@ Link	Asia/Nicosia	Europe/Nicosia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:11 -	LMT	1880
 			2:59:11	-	TBMT	1924 May  2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
-			3:00	-	TBIT	1957 Mar    # Tbilisi Time
+			3:00	-	+03	1957 Mar
-			4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			3:00	1:00	TBIST	1991 Apr  9 # independence
+			3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04	1992
-			3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT	1992        # Georgia Time
+			3:00 E-EurAsia	+03/+04	1994 Sep lastSun
-			3:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	1994 Sep lastSun
+			4:00 E-EurAsia	+04/+05	1996 Oct lastSun
-			4:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	1996 Oct lastSun
+			4:00	1:00	+05	1997 Mar lastSun
-			4:00	1:00	GEST	1997 Mar lastSun
+			4:00 E-EurAsia	+04/+05	2004 Jun 27
-			4:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	2004 Jun 27
+			3:00 RussiaAsia	+03/+04	2005 Mar lastSun  2:00
-			3:00 RussiaAsia	GE%sT	2005 Mar lastSun  2:00
+			4:00	-	+04
 			4:00	-	GET
 # East Timor
@ -874,6 +875,15 @@ Zone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1
 			9:00	-	TLT
 # India
 # From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
 # http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
 # (2015-12-22):
 # In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the
 # outskirts of Bombay....  They were protesting the proposed abolition of
 # local time in favor of Indian Standard Time....  Journalists called this
 # dispute the "Battle of the Clocks."  It lasted nearly half a century.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Kolkata	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880        # Kolkata
 			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
@ -907,7 +917,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Kolkata	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880        # Kolkata
 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
 # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
-# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
+# from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
 # (Hollandia).  For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
 # switched on 1945-09-23.
 #
@ -918,11 +928,11 @@ Zone	Asia/Kolkata	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880        # Kolkata
 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
 # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
-# The abbreviations are:
+# The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are:
 #
-# WIB  - UTC+7 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
+# WIB  - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
-# WITA - UTC+8 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
+# WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
-# WIT  - UTC+9 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
+# WIT  - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Java, Sumatra
@ -1084,8 +1094,15 @@ Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
+#
-Rule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
+# The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038.
 # These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the
 # restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format.
 # At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite
 # possibly Iran will change the rules first.
 Rule	Iran	2036	max	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2036	max	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tehran	3:25:44	-	LMT	1916
 			3:25:44	-	TMT	1946     # Tehran Mean Time
@ -1542,23 +1559,6 @@ Zone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
 # Kazakhstan
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
 #
 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11
 # <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21):
 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
@ -1575,61 +1575,232 @@ Zone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
 # everything else....  I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27) ([*] means see later comments below):
 # Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/
 # produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan:
 #
 # 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR
 # from 1991-02-04 No. 20
 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545
 # removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR
 # starting with the last Sunday of March 1991.
 # It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR,
 # Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time.
 #
 # The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers
 # of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet
 # of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its
 # text.
 #
 # According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20
 # (page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via
 # http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564) on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during
 # transition to "summer" time:
 # Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova,
 # Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug
 # were to move clocks 1 hour forward.
 # Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik
 # SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts
 # of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards.
 # Other territories were to not move clocks.
 # When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be
 # moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding
 # Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan.
 #
 # Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170
 # was one of such changes.
 #
 # https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное время
 # claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that
 # Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast)
 # were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks
 # forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards.
 # (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an
 # article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not
 # move clocks.)
 #
 # This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while
 # the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06
 # to +04/+05. It's unclear how Kzyl-Orda oblast moved into the fifth
 # time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ...
 #
 # 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
 # from 1992-01-13 No. 28
 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_
 # (text includes modification from the 1996 act)
 # introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian
 # 1992-01-08 act.  It specified that time would be calculated
 # according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks
 # on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at
 # 2:00, specified DST rules.  It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was
 # located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the
 # border between them to be located east of Kustanay and Aktyubinsk
 # oblasts (notably including Turgai and Kzyl-Orda oblasts into the fifth
 # time belt).
 #
 # This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for
 # Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyrau and Kustanay oblasts; from
 # +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk) [*]....
 #
 # 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
 # from 1992-03-27 No. 284
 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_
 # cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Kzyl-Orda oblasts
 # since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth
 # and the fifth time belts respectively.
 #
 # 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan
 # from 1994-09-23 No. 384
 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_
 # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangystau
 # oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on
 # the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a
 # result)....
 #
 # 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
 # from 1996-05-08 No. 575
 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_
 # amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead
 # of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act.
 #
 # 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
 # from 1999-03-26 No. 305
 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_
 # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyrau oblast since the
 # last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth
 # time belt.
 #
 # This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05.
 #
 # There is no zone for Atyrau currently (listed under Asia/Aqtau in
 # zone1970.tab).[*]
 #
 # 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
 # from 2000-11-23 No. 1749
 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000
 # replaces the previous five documents.
 #
 # The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the
 # fourth and the fifth time belts.  They account for changes in spelling
 # and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997
 # probably changed time in territories incorporated into Kostanay oblast
 # (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Kyzylorda oblast
 # from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the
 # fourth time belt (no change in practice).[*]
 #
 # 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
 # from 2003-12-29 No. 1342
 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_
 # modified the 2000-11-23 act.  No relevant changes, apparently.
 #
 # 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
 # from 2004-07-20 No. 775
 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004
 # modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Kostanay and Kyzylorda oblasts into
 # the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not
 # using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time
 # zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07).  The changes were to be implemented
 # during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically
 # amended before implementation happened.
 #
 # 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
 # from 2004-09-15 No. 1059
 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_
 # modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time"
 # (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the
 # 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyrau, West Kazakhstan,
 # Kostanay, Kyzylorda and Mangystau oblasts by not moving clocks
 # during the 2014 transition to "winter" time.
 #
 # This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyrau oblast (no
 # zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to
 # +06/+07 for Kostanay oblast (Kostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently)
 # and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00....[*]
 #
 # 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
 # from 2005-03-15 No. 231
 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_
 # removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the
 # (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15
 # acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication.
 # The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer
 # time.
 #
 # Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation
 # No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details].
 # Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27
 # act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992.
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-04-15):
 # The tables below should reflect Stepan Golosunov's remarks above,
 # except for the items marked "[*]" which I haven't gotten to yet.
 # It looks like we will need new zones Asia/Atyrau and Asia/Qostanay
 # to handle changes from 1992 through 2004 that we did not previously
 # know about.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 #
 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
 # This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA,
 # KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ.
 Zone	Asia/Almaty	5:07:48 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Alma-Ata
-			5:00	-	ALMT	1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
+			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
-			6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT	1991
+			6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			6:00	-	ALMT	1992
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			6:00 RussiaAsia	ALM%sT	2005 Mar 15
+			6:00 RussiaAsia	+06/+07	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
-			6:00	-	ALMT
+			6:00	-	+06
-# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
+# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY)
 Zone	Asia/Qyzylorda	4:21:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			4:00	-	KIZT	1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
+			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00	-	KIZT	1981 Apr  1
+			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
-			5:00	1:00	KIZST	1981 Oct  1
+			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	KIZT	1982 Apr  1
+			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	KIZ%sT	1991
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			5:00	-	KIZT	1991 Dec 16 # independence
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
-			5:00	-	QYZT	1992 Jan 19  2:00
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			6:00 RussiaAsia	QYZ%sT	2005 Mar 15
+			6:00 RussiaAsia	+06/+07	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
-			6:00	-	QYZT
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
-# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk)
+			6:00	-	+06
 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT)
 Zone	Asia/Aqtobe	3:48:40	-	LMT	1924 May  2
-			4:00	-	AKTT	1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
+			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00	-	AKTT	1981 Apr  1
+			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
-			5:00	1:00	AKTST	1981 Oct  1
+			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	AKTT	1982 Apr  1
+			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	AKT%sT	1991
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			5:00	-	AKTT	1991 Dec 16 # independence
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	AQT%sT	2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
-			5:00	-	AQTT
+			5:00	-	+05
-# Mangghystau
+# Qostanay (KZ-KUS)
 # Mangghystau (KZ-MAN)
 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
 # so include time stamps before 1963.
 Zone	Asia/Aqtau	3:21:04	-	LMT	1924 May  2
-			4:00	-	FORT	1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
+			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00	-	FORT	1963
+			5:00	-	+05	1963
-			5:00	-	SHET	1981 Oct  1 # Shevchenko Time
+			5:00	-	+05	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	SHET	1982 Apr  1
+			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	SHE%sT	1991
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			5:00	-	SHET	1991 Dec 16 # independence
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	AQT%sT	1995 Mar lastSun  2:00 # Aqtau Time
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1994 Sep 25  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	AQT%sT	2005 Mar 15
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
-			5:00	-	AQTT
+			5:00	-	+05
-# West Kazakhstan
+
 # West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP)
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
 Zone	Asia/Oral	3:25:24	-	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ural'sk
-			4:00	-	URAT	1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
+			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00	-	URAT	1981 Apr  1
+			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
-			5:00	1:00	URAST	1981 Oct  1
+			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	URAT	1982 Apr  1
+			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	URA%sT	1989 Mar 26  2:00
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	URA%sT	1991
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			4:00	-	URAT	1991 Dec 16 # independence
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	ORA%sT	2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
-			5:00	-	ORAT
+			5:00	-	+05
 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
@ -1650,11 +1821,11 @@ Rule	Kyrgyz	1997	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:30	1:00	S
 Rule	Kyrgyz	1997	2004	-	Oct	lastSun	2:30	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Bishkek	4:58:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			5:00	-	FRUT	1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
+			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
-			6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			5:00	1:00	FRUST	1991 Aug 31  2:00 # independence
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Aug 31  2:00
-			5:00	Kyrgyz	KG%sT	2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
+			5:00	Kyrgyz	+05/+06	2005 Aug 12
-			6:00	-	KGT
+			6:00	-	+06
 ###############################################################################
@ -1693,25 +1864,24 @@ Rule	ROK	1957	1960	-	Sep	Sun>=18	0:00	0	S
 Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	Oct	Sun>=8	3:00	0	S
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-30):
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
 # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
 #
-# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (Edict No. 5)
+# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5)
 # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
 #       (Announcement No. 338)
 # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
 # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
 # 1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)
 #
-# The Wikipedia entry also has confusing information about a change
+# (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30
-# to UT+9 in April 1910, but then what would be the point of the later change
+# edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.)
 # to UT+9 on 1912-01-01?  Omit the 1910 change for now.
 #
 # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
 #
-# For Pyongyang we have no information; guess no changes since World War II.
+# For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we
 # have no information otherwise.
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07):
 # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to
@ -1871,7 +2041,7 @@ Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880 # Male
 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
 # Windows XP as the source.  Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
-# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
+# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST.
 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
 # He also found
@ -2111,8 +2281,8 @@ Zone	Asia/Kathmandu	5:41:16 -	LMT	1920
 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Apr	Sun>=2	0:01	1:00	S
+Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Apr	Sun>=2	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:01	0	-
+Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0	-
 Rule Pakistan	2008	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule Pakistan	2008	2009	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule Pakistan	2009	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
@ -2380,6 +2550,16 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron
 # From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09):
 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728
 # [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight
 # saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning,
 # 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead."
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-12):
 # Predict spring transitions on March's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
 # Leave fall predictions alone for now.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
@ -2408,7 +2588,8 @@ Rule Palestine	2012	2014	-	Mar	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
 Rule Palestine	2012	only	-	Sep	21	1:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2013	only	-	Sep	Fri>=21	0:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2014	max	-	Oct	Fri>=21	0:00	0	-
-Rule Palestine	2015	max	-	Mar	lastFri	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule Palestine	2015	only	-	Mar	lastFri	24:00	1:00	S
 Rule Palestine	2016	max	-	Mar	lastSat	1:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Gaza	2:17:52	-	LMT	1900 Oct
@ -2496,7 +2677,7 @@ Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
 # earlier date.
 #
 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
-# time zones; the other zone, at UTC+4, was in the far eastern part of
+# time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
 # the country.  Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@ -2765,10 +2946,10 @@ Zone	Asia/Damascus	2:25:12 -	LMT	1920 # Dimashq
 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dushanbe	4:35:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			5:00	-	DUST	1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
+			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
-			6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			5:00	1:00	DUSST	1991 Sep  9  2:00s
+			5:00	1:00	+05/+06	1991 Sep  9  2:00s
-			5:00	-	TJT	# Tajikistan Time
+			5:00	-	+05
 # Thailand
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@ -2782,11 +2963,10 @@ Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane	# Laos
 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Ashgabat	3:53:32 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ashkhabad
-			4:00	-	ASHT	1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
+			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991 Oct 27 # independence
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	TM%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00
+			5:00	-	+05
 			5:00	-	TMT
 # United Arab Emirates
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@ -2798,20 +2978,18 @@ Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat	# Oman
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Samarkand	4:27:53 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			4:00	-	SAMT	1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
+			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00	-	SAMT	1981 Apr  1
+			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
-			5:00	1:00	SAMST	1981 Oct  1
+			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	TAST	1982 Apr  1 # Tashkent Time
+			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	SAM%sT	1991 Sep  1 # independence
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1992
+			5:00	-	+05
 			5:00	-	UZT
 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
 Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:11 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			5:00	-	TAST	1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
+			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
-			6:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00
+			6:00 RussiaAsia	+06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Sep  1 # independence
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1992
+			5:00	-	+05
 			5:00	-	UZT
 # Vietnam
--- a/38
+++ b/38
@ -60,6 +60,14 @@ Zone Australia/Eucla	 8:35:28 -	LMT	1895 Dec
 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
 # so use Lindeman.
 #
 # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20):
 # There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday
 # islands is a colloquial term used globally.  Hayman and Lindeman are at the
 # north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and
 # Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone
 # applies to all of the Whitsundays.
 # http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	AQ	1971	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AQ	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
@ -235,11 +243,11 @@ Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 # will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
 # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by
 # pre-2013 versions of localtime.
-Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0	-	zzz	1899 Nov
+Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0	-	-00	1899 Nov
 			10:00	-	AEST	1916 Oct  1  2:00
 			10:00	1:00	AEDT	1917 Feb
 			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1919 Apr  1  0:00s
-			0	-	zzz	1948 Mar 25
+			0	-	-00	1948 Mar 25
 			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1967
 			10:00	AT	AE%sT	2010 Apr  4  3:00
 			11:00	-	MIST	# Macquarie I Standard Time
@ -537,7 +545,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 -	LMT	1880
 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War.
 #
-# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for JST, these dates
+# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates
 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns.
 # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta.
 # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942,
@ -545,8 +553,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 -	LMT	1880
 # http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm
 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender.
 #
-# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville plans to switch from UTC+10 to UTC+11
+# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11
-# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00.  They call UTC+11 "Bougainville Standard Time";
+# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00.  They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time";
 # abbreviate this as BST.  See:
 # http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/
 #
@ -612,7 +620,7 @@ Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27):
 # The International Date Line Act 2011
 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf
-# changed Samoa from UTC-11 to UTC+13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on
+# changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on
 # Thursday 29th December 2011".  The International Date Line was adjusted
 # accordingly.
@ -707,7 +715,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Funafuti	11:56:52 -	LMT	1901
 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
 # uninhabited thereafter.
-# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937;
+# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937;
 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
@ -1465,7 +1473,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Zealand time.  I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow."
 # For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time
 # in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match
-# LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did
+# LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did
 # not observe New Zealand's prewar DST.
 ###############################################################################
@ -1521,7 +1529,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
 # see Asia/Manila.
-# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
+# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time,
 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time".  There is no official abbreviation,
 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
@ -1533,15 +1541,15 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
 #
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
+# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11
 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
 # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
-# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
+# that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11.
-# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
+# We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now.
 # Midway
@ -1607,11 +1615,11 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that
 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year."
-# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UTC-11:30
+# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30
-# in 1911, and to UTC-11 in 1950. many earlier sources give UTC-11
+# in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11
 # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards
 # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932.
-# Assume American Samoa switched to UTC-11 in 1911, not 1950,
+# Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950,
 # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a
 # day in 2011.  Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New
 # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations.
--- a/2
+++ b/2
@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ Link	America/Argentina/Mendoza	America/Mendoza
 Link	America/Toronto		America/Montreal
 Link	America/Rio_Branco	America/Porto_Acre
 Link	America/Argentina/Cordoba	America/Rosario
 Link	America/Tijuana		America/Santa_Isabel
 Link	America/Denver		America/Shiprock
 Link	America/Port_of_Spain	America/Virgin
 Link	Pacific/Auckland	Antarctica/South_Pole
@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ Link	Asia/Shanghai		Asia/Harbin
 Link	Asia/Urumqi		Asia/Kashgar
 Link	Asia/Kathmandu		Asia/Katmandu
 Link	Asia/Macau		Asia/Macao
 Link	Asia/Yangon		Asia/Rangoon
 Link	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	Asia/Saigon
 Link	Asia/Jerusalem		Asia/Tel_Aviv
 Link	Asia/Thimphu		Asia/Thimbu
--- a/74
+++ b/74
@ -8,6 +8,13 @@
 # need now for the entries that are not on UTC are for ships at sea
 # that cannot use POSIX TZ settings.
 # Starting with POSIX 1003.1-2001, the entries below are all
 # unnecessary as settings for the TZ environment variable.  E.g.,
 # instead of TZ='Etc/GMT+4' one can use the POSIX setting TZ='<-04>+4'.
 #
 # Do not use a POSIX TZ setting like TZ='GMT+4', which is four hours
 # behind GMT but uses the completely misleading abbreviation "GMT".
 Zone	Etc/GMT		0	-	GMT
 Zone	Etc/UTC		0	-	UTC
 Zone	Etc/UCT		0	-	UCT
@ -26,23 +33,13 @@ Link	Etc/GMT				Etc/GMT-0
 Link	Etc/GMT				Etc/GMT+0
 Link	Etc/GMT				Etc/GMT0
-# We use POSIX-style signs in the Zone names and the output abbreviations,
+# Be consistent with POSIX TZ settings in the Zone names,
 # even though this is the opposite of what many people expect.
 # POSIX has positive signs west of Greenwich, but many people expect
 # positive signs east of Greenwich.  For example, TZ='Etc/GMT+4' uses
-# the abbreviation "GMT+4" and corresponds to 4 hours behind UT
+# the abbreviation "-04" and corresponds to 4 hours behind UT
 # (i.e. west of Greenwich) even though many people would expect it to
 # mean 4 hours ahead of UT (i.e. east of Greenwich).
 #
 # In the draft 5 of POSIX 1003.1-200x, the angle bracket notation allows for
 # TZ='<GMT-4>+4'; if you want time zone abbreviations conforming to
 # ISO 8601 you can use TZ='<-0400>+4'.  Thus the commonly-expected
 # offset is kept within the angle bracket (and is used for display)
 # while the POSIX sign is kept outside the angle bracket (and is used
 # for calculation).
 #
 # Do not use a TZ setting like TZ='GMT+4', which is four hours behind
 # GMT but uses the completely misleading abbreviation "GMT".
 # Earlier incarnations of this package were not POSIX-compliant,
 # and had lines such as
@ -51,30 +48,31 @@ Link	Etc/GMT				Etc/GMT0
 # way does a
 #		zic -l GMT-12
 # so we moved the names into the Etc subdirectory.
 # Also, the time zone abbreviations are now compatible with %z.
-Zone	Etc/GMT-14	14	-	GMT-14	# 14 hours ahead of GMT
+Zone	Etc/GMT-14	14	-	+14
-Zone	Etc/GMT-13	13	-	GMT-13
+Zone	Etc/GMT-13	13	-	+13
-Zone	Etc/GMT-12	12	-	GMT-12
+Zone	Etc/GMT-12	12	-	+12
-Zone	Etc/GMT-11	11	-	GMT-11
+Zone	Etc/GMT-11	11	-	+11
-Zone	Etc/GMT-10	10	-	GMT-10
+Zone	Etc/GMT-10	10	-	+10
-Zone	Etc/GMT-9	9	-	GMT-9
+Zone	Etc/GMT-9	9	-	+09
-Zone	Etc/GMT-8	8	-	GMT-8
+Zone	Etc/GMT-8	8	-	+08
-Zone	Etc/GMT-7	7	-	GMT-7
+Zone	Etc/GMT-7	7	-	+07
-Zone	Etc/GMT-6	6	-	GMT-6
+Zone	Etc/GMT-6	6	-	+06
-Zone	Etc/GMT-5	5	-	GMT-5
+Zone	Etc/GMT-5	5	-	+05
-Zone	Etc/GMT-4	4	-	GMT-4
+Zone	Etc/GMT-4	4	-	+04
-Zone	Etc/GMT-3	3	-	GMT-3
+Zone	Etc/GMT-3	3	-	+03
-Zone	Etc/GMT-2	2	-	GMT-2
+Zone	Etc/GMT-2	2	-	+02
-Zone	Etc/GMT-1	1	-	GMT-1
+Zone	Etc/GMT-1	1	-	+01
-Zone	Etc/GMT+1	-1	-	GMT+1
+Zone	Etc/GMT+1	-1	-	-01
-Zone	Etc/GMT+2	-2	-	GMT+2
+Zone	Etc/GMT+2	-2	-	-02
-Zone	Etc/GMT+3	-3	-	GMT+3
+Zone	Etc/GMT+3	-3	-	-03
-Zone	Etc/GMT+4	-4	-	GMT+4
+Zone	Etc/GMT+4	-4	-	-04
-Zone	Etc/GMT+5	-5	-	GMT+5
+Zone	Etc/GMT+5	-5	-	-05
-Zone	Etc/GMT+6	-6	-	GMT+6
+Zone	Etc/GMT+6	-6	-	-06
-Zone	Etc/GMT+7	-7	-	GMT+7
+Zone	Etc/GMT+7	-7	-	-07
-Zone	Etc/GMT+8	-8	-	GMT+8
+Zone	Etc/GMT+8	-8	-	-08
-Zone	Etc/GMT+9	-9	-	GMT+9
+Zone	Etc/GMT+9	-9	-	-09
-Zone	Etc/GMT+10	-10	-	GMT+10
+Zone	Etc/GMT+10	-10	-	-10
-Zone	Etc/GMT+11	-11	-	GMT+11
+Zone	Etc/GMT+11	-11	-	-11
-Zone	Etc/GMT+12	-12	-	GMT+12
+Zone	Etc/GMT+12	-12	-	-12
--- a/697
+++ b/697
@ -75,8 +75,7 @@
 #        1:00       CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
 #        1:00:14    SET           Swedish (1879-1899)*
 #        2:00       EET EEST      Eastern Europe
-#        3:00       FET           Further-eastern Europe (2011-2014)*
+#        3:00       MSK MSD       Moscow
 #        3:00       MSK MSD  MSM* Minsk, Moscow
 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
@ -583,16 +582,33 @@ Rule	E-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	E-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	E-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 # Daylight saving time for Russia and the Soviet Union
 #
 # The 1917-1921 decree URLs are from Alexander Belopolsky (2016-08-23).
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	MST  # Moscow Summer Time
 #
 # Decree No. 142 (1917-12-22) http://istmat.info/node/28137
 Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	MMT  # Moscow Mean Time
 #
 # Decree No. 497 (1918-05-30) http://istmat.info/node/30001
 Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
 Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	1:00	MST
 #
 # Decree No. 258 (1919-05-29) http://istmat.info/node/37949
 Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	MDST
-Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	MSD
+#
 Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 0:00u	1:00	MSD
 Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	MSK
 #
 # Decree No. 63 (1921-02-03) http://istmat.info/node/45840
 Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	MSD
-Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	MSM  # Midsummer
+#
 # Decree No. 121 (1921-03-07) http://istmat.info/node/45949
 Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	+05
 #
 Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	MSD
 Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
@ -600,16 +616,40 @@ Rule	Russia	1981	1984	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Russia	1981	1983	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
 # Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
-Rule	Russia	1984	1991	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
+Rule	Russia	1984	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Russia	1985	1991	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Russia	1985	2010	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 #
 Rule	Russia	1992	only	-	Mar	lastSat	 23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Russia	1992	only	-	Sep	lastSat	 23:00	0	-
 Rule	Russia	1993	2010	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Russia	1993	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Russia	1996	2010	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 # As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data.
 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
 # Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of
 # Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the
 # Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227.
 #
 # I did not find full texts of these acts.  For the 1989 one we have
 # title at http://base.garant.ru/70754136/ :
 # "About change in calculation of time on the territories of
 # Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan,
 # Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts".
 # And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to
 # contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March 1988 rules
 # of the second time belt are installed in Volgograd and Saratov
 # oblasts.  Since last Sunday of March 1989:
 # a) Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR, Kaliningrad oblast:
 # second time belt rules without extra hour (Moscow-1);
 # b) Astrakhan, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk oblasts: second time belt
 # rules (Moscow time)
 # c) Uralsk oblast: third time belt rules (Moscow+1).
 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27):
 # Unamended version of the act of the
 # Government of the Russian Federation No. 23 from 08.01.1992
 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102014034&rdk=0
 # says that every year clocks were to be moved forward on last Sunday
 # of March at 2 hours and moved backwards on last Sunday of September
 # at 3 hours.  It was amended in 1996 to replace September with October.
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
 # According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
 # signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
@ -731,6 +771,14 @@ Zone	Europe/Vienna	1:05:21 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 # Belarus
 #
 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-02):
 # http://www.lawbelarus.com/repub/sub30/texf9611.htm
 # (Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus from
 # 1992-03-25 No. 157) ... says clocks were to be moved forward at 2:00
 # on last Sunday of March and backward at 3:00 on last Sunday of September
 # (the same as previous USSR and contemporary Russian regulations).
 #
 # From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
 # By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
 # GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
@ -743,8 +791,6 @@ Zone	Europe/Vienna	1:05:21 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 # From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09):
 # Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time....
 # http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-08):
 # Hence Belarus can share time zone abbreviations with Moscow again.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Minsk	1:50:16 -	LMT	1880
@ -754,12 +800,8 @@ Zone	Europe/Minsk	1:50:16 -	LMT	1880
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jul  3
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
 			3:00	-	MSK	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
 			2:00	-	EET	1992 Mar 29  0:00s
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	1992 Sep 27  0:00s
 			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			3:00	-	FET	2014 Oct 26  1:00s
+			3:00	-	+03
 			3:00	-	MSK
 # Belgium
 #
@ -1005,6 +1047,12 @@ Zone Atlantic/Faroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn
 # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
 # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
 # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
 # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20):
 # "Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund" is officially named
 # "National Park" by Executive Order:
 # http://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Engelske-tekster/Legislation/Executive%20Order%20National%20Park.rtf
 # It is their only National Park.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Thule	1991	1992	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
@ -1030,6 +1078,10 @@ Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
 			-4:00	Thule	A%sT
 # Estonia
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
 #
 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
 # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
 # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
@ -1257,7 +1309,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Paris	0:09:21 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15  0:01
 # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
 # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
 # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
-# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.
+# this was equivalent to UT +03, not +04.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@ -1623,6 +1675,9 @@ Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
 # Lithuania
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
 # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
 # known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
@ -1662,8 +1717,8 @@ Zone	Europe/Vilnius	1:41:16	-	LMT	1880
 			1:00	-	CET	1940 Aug  3
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 24
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
-			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
+			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
 			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998
 			2:00	-	EET	1998 Mar 29  1:00u
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT	1999 Oct 31  1:00u
@ -1728,6 +1783,16 @@ Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2  0:00s # Valletta
 # Moldova
 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
 # the act of the government of the Republic of Moldova Nr. 132 from 1990-05-04
 # http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=298782&lang=2
 # ... says that since 1990-05-06 on the territory of the Moldavian SSR
 # time would be calculated as the standard time of the second time belt
 # plus one hour of the "summer" time. To implement that clocks would be
 # adjusted one hour backwards at 1990-05-06 2:00. After that "summer"
 # time would be cancelled last Sunday of September at 3:00 and
 # reintroduced last Sunday of March at 2:00.
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
 # that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
@ -1786,9 +1851,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Chisinau	1:55:20 -	LMT	1880
 			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1940 Aug 15
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	1941 Jul 17
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 24
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
+			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990 May  6  2:00
 			3:00	-	MSK	1990 May 6
 			2:00	-	EET	1991
 			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
 # See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
@ -2210,7 +2273,6 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891 Oct
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
 # are from Andrey A. Chernov.  The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
 # except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
@ -2266,16 +2328,32 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891 Oct
 # Europe/Kaliningrad covers...
 # 39	RU-KGD	Kaliningrad Oblast
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
 # http://www.rgo.ru/ru/kaliningradskoe-oblastnoe-otdelenie/ob-otdelenii/publikacii/kak-nam-zhilos-bez-letnego-vremeni
 # confirms that the 1989 change to Moscow-1 was implemented.
 # (The article, though, is misattributed to 1990 while saying that
 # summer->winter transition would be done on the 24 of September. But
 # 1990-09-24 was Monday, while 1989-09-24 was Sunday as expected.)
 # ...
 # http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
 # says that Kaliningrad switched to Moscow-1 on 1989-03-26, avoided
 # at the last moment switch to Moscow-1 on 1991-03-31, switched to
 # Moscow on 1991-11-03, switched to Moscow-1 on 1992-01-19.
 Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
 			 2:00	Poland	CE%sT	1946
-			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
 			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 3:00	-	FET	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	+03	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 2:00	-	EET
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-02-21), per Tim Parenti (2014-07-03) and
 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
 # Europe/Moscow covers...
 # 01	RU-AD	Adygea, Republic of
 # 05	RU-DA	Dagestan, Republic of
@ -2318,12 +2396,102 @@ Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 # 68	RU-TAM	Tambov Oblast
 # 69	RU-TVE	Tver Oblast
 # 71	RU-TUL	Tula Oblast
 # 73	RU-ULY	Ulyanovsk Oblast
 # 76	RU-YAR	Yaroslavl Oblast
 # 77	RU-MOW	Moscow
 # 78	RU-SPE	Saint Petersburg
 # 83	RU-NEN	Nenets Autonomous Okrug
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
 # The Soviets switched to UT-based time in 1919.  Decree No. 59
 # (1919-02-08) http://istmat.info/node/35567 established UT-based time
 # zones, and Decree No. 147 (1919-03-29) http://istmat.info/node/35854
 # specified a transition date of 1919-07-01, apparently at 00:00 UT.
 # No doubt only the Soviet-controlled regions switched on that date;
 # later transitions to UT-based time in other parts of Russia are
 # taken from what appear to be guesses by Shanks.
 # (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky for pointers to the decrees.)
 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
 # 11. Regions-violators, 1981-1982.
 # Wikipedia refers to
 # http://maps.monetonos.ru/maps/raznoe/Old_Maps/Old_Maps/Articles/022/3_1981.html
 # http://besp.narod.ru/nauka_1981_3.htm
 #
 # The second link provides two articles scanned from the Nauka i Zhizn
 # magazine No. 3, 1981 and a scan of the short article attributed to
 # the Trud newspaper from February 1982.  The first link provides the
 # same Nauka i Zhizn articles converted to the text form (but misses
 # time belt changes map).
 #
 # The second Nauka i Zhizn article says that in addition to
 # introduction of summer time on 1981-04-01 there are some time belt
 # border changes on 1981-10-01, mostly affecting Nenets Autonomous
 # Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yakutia, Magadan Oblast and Chukotka
 # according to the provided map (colored one).  In addition to that
 # "time violators" (regions which were not using rules of the time
 # belts in which they were located) would not be moving off the DST on
 # 1981-10-01 to restore the decree time usage.  (Komi ASSR was
 # supposed to repeat that move in October 1982 to account for the 2
 # hour difference.)  Map depicting "time violators" before 1981-10-01
 # is also provided.
 #
 # The article from Trud says that 1981-10-01 changes caused problems
 # and some territories would be moved to pre-1981-10-01 time by not
 # moving to summer time on 1982-04-01.  Namely: Dagestan,
 # Kabardino-Balkar, Kalmyk, Komi, Mari, Mordovian, North Ossetian,
 # Tatar, Chechen-Ingush and Chuvash ASSR, Krasnodar and Stavropol
 # krais, Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Vologda, Voronezh, Gorky, Ivanovo,
 # Kostroma, Lipetsk, Penza, Rostov, Ryazan, Tambov, Tyumen and
 # Yaroslavl oblasts, Nenets and Evenk autonomous okrugs, Khatangsky
 # district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug.  As a result Evenk Autonomous
 # Okrug and Khatangsky district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug would end
 # up on Moscow+4, Tyumen Oblast on Moscow+2 and the rest on Moscow
 # time.
 #
 # http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt
 # attributes the 1982 changes to the Act of the Council of Ministers
 # of the USSR No. 126 from 18.02.1982.  1980-925.txt also adds
 # Udmurtia to the list of affected territories and lists Khatangsky
 # district separately from Taymyr Autonomous Okrug.  Probably erroneously.
 #
 # The affected territories are currently listed under Europe/Moscow,
 # Asia/Yekaterinburg and Asia/Krasnoyarsk.
 #
 # 12. Udmurtia
 # The fact that Udmurtia is depicted as a violator in the Nauka i
 # Zhizn article hints at Izhevsk being on different time from
 # Kuybyshev before 1981-10-01. Udmurtia is not mentioned in the 1989 act.
 # http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt
 # implies Udmurtia was on Moscow time after 1982-04-01.
 # Wikipedia implies Udmurtia being on Moscow+1 until 1991.
 #
 # ...
 #
 # All Russian zones are supposed to have by default a -1 change at
 # 1991-03-31 2:00 (cancellation of the decree time in the USSR) and a +1
 # change at 1992-01-19 2:00 (restoration of the decree time in Russia).
 #
 # There were some exceptions, though.
 # Wikipedia says newspapers listed Astrakhan, Saratov, Kirov, Volgograd,
 # Izhevsk, Grozny, Kazan and Samara as such exceptions for the 1992
 # change. (Different newspapers providing different lists. And some
 # lists found in the internet are quite wild.)
 #
 # And apparently some exceptions were reverted in the last moment.
 # http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
 # says that Kaliningrad decided not to be an exception 2 days before the
 # 1991-03-31 switch and one person at
 # http://izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html
 # says he remembers that Samara opted out of the 1992-01-19 exception
 # 2 days before the switch.
 #
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # Given the above, we appear to be missing some Zone entries for the
 # chaotic early 1980s in Russia.  It's not clear what these entries
 # should be.  For now, sweep this under the rug and just document the
 # time in Moscow.
 # From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08):
 # LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow
 # Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30")....
@ -2344,7 +2512,7 @@ Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 Zone Europe/Moscow	 2:30:17 -	LMT	1880
 			 2:30:17 -	MMT	1916 Jul  3 # Moscow Mean Time
-			 2:31:19 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1  2:00
+			 2:31:19 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
 			 3:00	Russia	%s	1921 Oct
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1922 Oct
 			 2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
@ -2397,47 +2565,101 @@ Zone Europe/Simferopol	 2:16:24 -	LMT	1880
 			 3:00	-	MSK
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
-# Europe/Volgograd covers...
+# Europe/Astrakhan covers:
 # 30	RU-AST	Astrakhan Oblast
-# 34	RU-VGG	Volgograd Oblast
+#
-# 43	RU-KIR	Kirov Oblast
+# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
 # 64	RU-SAR	Saratov Oblast
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-05-09):
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-12):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 but Wikipedia says +0300.
+# On February 10, 2016 Astrakhan Oblast got approval by the Federation
-# Perhaps it switched after the others?  But we have no data.
+# Council to change its time zone to UTC+4 (from current UTC+3 Moscow time)....
 # This Federal Law shall enter into force on 27 March 2016 at 02:00.
 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056
 Zone Europe/Astrakhan	 3:12:12 -	LMT	1924 May
 			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
 			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			 4:00	-	+04	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 4:00	-	+04	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 3:00	-	+03	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 4:00	-	+04
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # Europe/Volgograd covers:
 # 34	RU-VGG	Volgograd Oblast
 # 64	RU-SAR	Saratov Oblast
 # The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04).
 Zone Europe/Volgograd	 2:57:40 -	LMT	1920 Jan  3
-			 3:00	-	TSAT	1925 Apr  6 # Tsaritsyn Time
+			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
-			 3:00	-	STAT	1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
+			 4:00	-	+04	1961 Nov 11
-			 4:00	-	STAT	1961 Nov 11
+			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1988 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 4:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1989 Mar 26  2:00s # Volgograd T
+			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	+04	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	VOLT	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	+04	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	MSK	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	+03
 			 3:00	-	MSK
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # Europe/Kirov covers:
 # 43	RU-KIR	Kirov Oblast
 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
 #
 Zone Europe/Kirov	 3:18:48 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
 			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
 			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			 4:00	-	+04	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 4:00	-	+04	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 3:00	-	+03
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
 # Europe/Samara covers...
 # 18	RU-UD	Udmurt Republic
 # 63	RU-SAM	Samara Oblast
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20.
 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
-Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:20 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  2:00
+Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:20 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
-			 3:00	-	SAMT	1930 Jun 21
+			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
-			 4:00	-	SAMT	1935 Jan 27
+			 4:00	-	+04	1935 Jan 27
-			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1989 Mar 26  2:00s # Kuybyshev
+			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
+			 2:00	Russia	+02/+03	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
-			 3:00	-	KUYT	1991 Oct 20  3:00
+			 3:00	-	+03	1991 Oct 20  3:00
-			 4:00	Russia	SAM%sT	2010 Mar 28  2:00s # Samara Time
+			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	SAM%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	SAMT
+			 4:00	-	+04
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # Europe/Ulyanovsk covers:
 # 73	RU-ULY	Ulyanovsk Oblast
 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):
 # Ulyanovsk ... on their way to change time zones by March 27, 2016 at 2am.
 # Ulyanovsk Oblast ... from MSK to MSK+1 (UTC+3 to UTC+4) ...
 # 920582-6 ... 02/17/2016 The State Duma passed the bill in the first reading.
 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090051
 Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk	 3:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
 			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
 			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			 2:00	Russia	+02/+03	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 4:00	-	+04	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 3:00	-	+03	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 4:00	-	+04
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
 # Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
@ -2461,47 +2683,140 @@ Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:20 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  2:00
 Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:33 -	LMT	1916 Jul  3
 			 3:45:05 -	PMT	1919 Jul 15  4:00
-			 4:00	-	SVET	1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
+			 4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
-			 5:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 5:00	Russia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 4:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 5:00	Russia	YEK%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 5:00	Russia	+05/+06	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 6:00	-	YEKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 6:00	-	+06	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 5:00	-	YEKT
+			 5:00	-	+05
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
 # Asia/Omsk covers...
 # 04	RU-AL	Altai Republic
 # 22	RU-ALT	Altai Krai
 # 55	RU-OMS	Omsk Oblast
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30.
 Zone Asia/Omsk		 4:53:30 -	LMT	1919 Nov 14
-			 5:00	-	OMST	1930 Jun 21 # Omsk Time
+			 5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
-			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 5:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 5:00	Russia	+05/+06	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	OMST	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	+07	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 6:00	-	OMST
+			 6:00	-	+06
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22):
 # Asia/Barnaul covers:
 # 04	RU-AL	Altai Republic
 # 22	RU-ALT	Altai Krai
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Data before 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Asia/Novosibirsk covers...
+
 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
 # Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25
 # http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm
 # suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on
 # 1995-05-28.
 #
 # http://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html
 # has some historical data for Altai Krai:
 # before 1957: west part on UTC+6, east on UTC+7
 # after 1957: UTC+7
 # since 1995: UTC+6
 # http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html
 # confirms that and provides more details including 1995-05-28 transition date.
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):
 # Altai Krai and Altai Republic on their way to change time zones
 # by March 27, 2016 at 2am....
 # Altai Republic / Gorno-Altaysk MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) ...
 # Altai Krai / Barnaul MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7)
 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090043
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090038
 Zone Asia/Barnaul	 5:35:00 -	LMT	1919 Dec 10
 			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
 			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1995 May 28
 			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 7:00	-	+07	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 6:00	-	+06	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 7:00	-	+07
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # Asia/Novosibirsk covers:
 # 54	RU-NVS	Novosibirsk Oblast
 # 70	RU-TOM	Tomsk Oblast
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-05-30):
-# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.
+# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&RN=1085784-6
 # moves Novosibirsk oblast from UTC+6 to UTC+7.
 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-04):
 # The law was signed yesterday and published today on
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201607040064
 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14  6:00
-			 6:00	-	NOVT	1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
+			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
-			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
+			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
-			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	NOVT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	+07	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 6:00	-	NOVT
+			 6:00	-	+06	2016 Jul 24  2:00s
 			 7:00	-	+07
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # Asia/Tomsk covers:
 # 70	RU-TOM	Tomsk Oblast
 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-24):
 # Byalokoz listed Tomsk at 5:39:51.
 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
 # Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow.
 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-19):
 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102075743
 # (fifth time belt being UTC+5+1(decree time)
 # / UTC+5+1(decree time)+1(summer time)) ...
 # Note that time belts (numbered from 2 (Moscow) to 12 according to their
 # GMT/UTC offset and having too many exceptions like regions formally
 # belonging to one belt but using time from another) were replaced
 # with time zones in 2011 with different numbering (there was a
 # 2-hour gap between second and third zones in 2011-2014).
 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-04-12):
 # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(SpravkaNew)?OpenAgent&RN=1006865-6
 # This bill was approved in the first reading today.  It moves Tomsk oblast
 # from UTC+6 to UTC+7 and is supposed to come into effect on 2016-05-29 at
 # 2:00.  The bill needs to be approved in the second and the third readings by
 # the State Duma, approved by the Federation Council, signed by the President
 # and published to become a law.  Minor changes in the text are to be expected
 # before the second reading (references need to be updated to account for the
 # recent changes).
 #
 # Judging by the ultra-short one-day amendments period, recent similar laws,
 # the State Duma schedule and the Federation Council schedule
 # http://www.duma.gov.ru/legislative/planning/day-shedule/por_vesna_2016/
 # http://council.gov.ru/activity/meetings/schedule/63303
 # I speculate that the final text of the bill will be proposed tomorrow, the
 # bill will be approved in the second and the third readings on Friday,
 # approved by the Federation Council on 2016-04-20, signed by the President and
 # published as a law around 2016-04-26.
 # From Matt Johnson (2016-04-26):
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604260048
 Zone	Asia/Tomsk	 5:39:51 -	LMT	1919 Dec 22
 			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
 			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	2002 May  1  3:00
 			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 7:00	-	+07	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 6:00	-	+06	2016 May 29  2:00s
 			 7:00	-	+07
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
@ -2526,23 +2841,18 @@ Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14  6:00
 #
 # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
 # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
 #
 # As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as
 # Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic.
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
 # The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
 # realigning itself with KRAT.
 Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk	 5:48:48 -	LMT	1924 May  1
-			 6:00	-	KRAT	1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
+			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
-			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s # Novosibirsk
+			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	NOVT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	+07
 			 7:00	-	KRAT	# Krasnoyarsk Time
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
 # Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
@ -2556,12 +2866,12 @@ Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk	 5:48:48 -	LMT	1924 May  1
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26.
 Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:26 -	LMT	1920 Jan  6
-			 6:00	-	KRAT	1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
+			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
-			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 8:00	-	KRAT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 8:00	-	+08	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	KRAT
+			 7:00	-	+07
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
@ -2578,12 +2888,12 @@ Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:26 -	LMT	1920 Jan  6
 Zone Asia/Irkutsk	 6:57:05 -	LMT	1880
 			 6:57:05 -	IMT	1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
-			 7:00	-	IRKT	1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
+			 7:00	-	+07	1930 Jun 21
-			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 9:00	-	IRKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 9:00	-	+09	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 8:00	-	IRKT
+			 8:00	-	+08
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
@ -2593,13 +2903,20 @@ Zone Asia/Irkutsk	 6:57:05 -	LMT	1880
 # Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat
 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai.
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-02):
 # [The] time zone in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) -
 # Asia/Chita [is changing] from UTC+8 to UTC+9.  Effective date will
 # be March 27, 2016 at 2:00am....
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512300107
 Zone Asia/Chita	 7:33:52 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
-			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
+			 8:00	-	+08	1930 Jun 21
-			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			10:00	-	YAKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			10:00	-	+10	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 8:00	-	IRKT
+			 8:00	-	+08	2016 Mar 27  2:00
 			 9:00	-	+09
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
@ -2639,12 +2956,12 @@ Zone Asia/Chita	 7:33:52 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58.
 Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:58 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
-			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
+			 8:00	-	+08	1930 Jun 21
-			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			10:00	-	YAKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			10:00	-	+10	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 9:00	-	YAKT
+			 9:00	-	+09
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
@ -2662,12 +2979,12 @@ Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:58 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 # Go with Byalokoz.
 Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:31 -	LMT	1922 Nov 15
-			 9:00	-	VLAT	1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
+			 9:00	-	+09	1930 Jun 21
-			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	VLA%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			11:00	-	VLAT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			11:00	-	+11	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			10:00	-	VLAT
+			10:00	-	+10
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
@ -2685,14 +3002,14 @@ Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:31 -	LMT	1922 Nov 15
 # This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
 Zone Asia/Khandyga	 9:02:13 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
-			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
+			 8:00	-	+08	1930 Jun 21
-			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2004
+			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	2004
-			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			11:00	-	VLAT	2011 Sep 13  0:00s # Decree 725?
+			11:00	-	+11	2011 Sep 13  0:00s # Decree 725?
-			10:00	-	YAKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			10:00	-	+10	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 9:00	-	YAKT
+			 9:00	-	+09
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
@ -2701,16 +3018,21 @@ Zone Asia/Khandyga	 9:02:13 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 # ...with the exception of:
 # 65-11	****	Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
 # From Matt Johnson (2016-02-22):
 # Asia/Sakhalin is moving (in entirety) from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ...
 # (2016-03-09):
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090044
 # The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
 Zone Asia/Sakhalin	 9:30:48 -	LMT	1905 Aug 23
-			 9:00	-	JCST	1937 Oct  1
+			 9:00	-	+09	1945 Aug 25
-			 9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug 25
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1991 Mar 31  2:00s # Sakhalin T
-			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s # Sakhalin T
+			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1997 Mar lastSun  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1997 Mar lastSun  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			11:00	-	+11	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			11:00	-	SAKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			10:00	-	+10	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
-			10:00	-	SAKT
+			11:00	-	+11
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
@ -2724,13 +3046,22 @@ Zone Asia/Sakhalin	 9:30:48 -	LMT	1905 Aug 23
 # until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11.  These regions will
 # need their own zone.
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-03-27):
 # ... draft bill 948300-6 to change its time zone from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ...
 # will take ... effect ... on April 24, 2016 at 2 o'clock
 #
 # From Matt Johnson (2016-04-05):
 # ... signed by the President today ...
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604050038
 Zone Asia/Magadan	10:03:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			10:00	-	MAGT	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
+			10:00	-	+10	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
-			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	MAGT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			12:00	-	+12	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			10:00	-	MAGT
+			10:00	-	+10	2016 Apr 24  2:00s
 			11:00	-	+11
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
@ -2773,17 +3104,14 @@ Zone Asia/Magadan	10:03:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 # in Russian.)  In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older
 # settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining.
 # Go with Srednekolymsk.
 #
 # Since Magadan Oblast moves to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26, we cannot keep using MAGT
 # as the abbreviation.  Use SRET instead.
 Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk	10:14:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			10:00	-	MAGT	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
+			10:00	-	+10	1930 Jun 21
-			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	MAGT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			12:00	-	+12	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			11:00	-	SRET	# Srednekolymsk Time
+			11:00	-	+11
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
@ -2801,14 +3129,14 @@ Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk	10:14:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 # UTC+12 since at least then, too.
 Zone Asia/Ust-Nera	 9:32:54 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
-			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
+			 8:00	-	+08	1930 Jun 21
-			 9:00	Russia	YAKT	1981 Apr  1
+			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1981 Apr  1
-			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	MAGT	2011 Sep 13  0:00s # Decree 725?
+			12:00	-	+12	2011 Sep 13  0:00s # Decree 725?
-			11:00	-	VLAT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			11:00	-	+11	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			10:00	-	VLAT
+			10:00	-	+10
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
@ -2821,12 +3149,12 @@ Zone Asia/Ust-Nera	 9:32:54 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps
 # Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long.
 Zone Asia/Kamchatka	10:34:36 -	LMT	1922 Nov 10
-			11:00	-	PETT	1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
+			11:00	-	+11	1930 Jun 21
-			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			12:00	Russia	+12/+13	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
+			12:00	Russia	+12/+13	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	PETT
+			12:00	-	+12
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
@ -2834,13 +3162,13 @@ Zone Asia/Kamchatka	10:34:36 -	LMT	1922 Nov 10
 # 87	RU-CHU	Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
 Zone Asia/Anadyr	11:49:56 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			12:00	-	ANAT	1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
+			12:00	-	+12	1930 Jun 21
-			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1982 Apr  1  0:00s
+			13:00	Russia	+13/+14	1982 Apr  1  0:00s
-			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			12:00	Russia	+12/+13	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
+			12:00	Russia	+12/+13	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	ANAT
+			12:00	-	+12
 # San Marino
@ -3154,6 +3482,20 @@ Zone	Europe/Zurich	0:34:08 -	LMT	1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
 # It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy.
 # Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00
 # http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217
 #
 # From BBC News (2015-10-25):
 # Confused Turks are asking "what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a
 # government decision ... "For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan
 # Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan.
 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326
 # From Burak AYDIN (2016-09-08):
 # Turkey will stay in Daylight Saving Time even in winter....
 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/09/20160908-2.pdf
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-07):
 # The change is permanent, so this is the new standard time in Turkey.
 # It takes effect today, which is not much notice.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Turkey	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
@ -3218,7 +3560,7 @@ Rule	Turkey	1996	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
 Zone	Europe/Istanbul	1:55:52 -	LMT	1880
 			1:56:56	-	IMT	1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
 			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	1978 Oct 15
-			3:00	Turkey	TR%sT	1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
+			3:00	Turkey	+03/+04	1985 Apr 20
 			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	2007
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27  1:00u
 			2:00	-	EET	2011 Mar 28  1:00u
@ -3226,7 +3568,8 @@ Zone	Europe/Istanbul	1:55:52 -	LMT	1880
 			2:00	-	EET	2014 Mar 31  1:00u
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2015 Oct 25  1:00u
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	2015 Nov  8  1:00u
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT
+			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2016 Sep  7
 			3:00	-	+03
 Link	Europe/Istanbul	Asia/Istanbul	# Istanbul is in both continents.
 # Ukraine
--- a/9
+++ b/9
@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-# For companies who don't want to put time zone specification in
+# For distributors who don't want to put time zone specification in
-# their installation procedures.  When users run date, they'll get the message.
+# their installation procedures.  Users that run 'date' will get the
-# Also useful for the "comp.sources" version.
+# time zone abbreviation "-00", indicating that the actual time zone
 # is unknown.
 # Zone	NAME	GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT
-Zone	Factory	0	- "Local time zone must be set--see zic manual page"
+Zone	Factory	0	-	-00
--- a/iso3166.tab
+++ b/iso3166.tab
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ BL	St Barthelemy
 BM	Bermuda
 BN	Brunei
 BO	Bolivia
-BQ	Caribbean Netherlands
+BQ	Caribbean NL
 BR	Brazil
 BS	Bahamas
 BT	Bhutan
@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ MA	Morocco
 MC	Monaco
 MD	Moldova
 ME	Montenegro
-MF	St Martin (French part)
+MF	St Martin (French)
 MG	Madagascar
 MH	Marshall Islands
 MK	Macedonia
@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ SR	Suriname
 SS	South Sudan
 ST	Sao Tome & Principe
 SV	El Salvador
-SX	St Maarten (Dutch part)
+SX	St Maarten (Dutch)
 SY	Syria
 SZ	Swaziland
 TC	Turks & Caicos Is
--- a/leap-seconds.list
+++ b/leap-seconds.list
@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
 #		Boulder, Colorado
 #		Judah.Levine@nist.gov
 #
-#	Last Update of leap second values:   5 January 2015
+#	Last Update of leap second values:   8 July 2016
 #
 #	The following line shows this last update date in NTP timestamp
 #	format. This is the date on which the most recent change to
@ -151,7 +151,7 @@
 #	be identified by the unique pair of characters in the first two
 #	columns as shown below.
 #
-#$	 3629404800
+#$	 3676924800
 #
 #	The NTP timestamps are in units of seconds since the NTP epoch,
 #	which is 1 January 1900, 00:00:00. The Modified Julian Day number
@ -199,10 +199,10 @@
 #	current -- the update time stamp, the data and the name of the file
 #	will not change.
 #
-#	Updated through IERS Bulletin C50
+#	Updated through IERS Bulletin C52
-#	File expires on:  28 June 2016
+#	File expires on:  28 June 2017
 #
-#@	3676060800
+#@	3707596800
 #
 2272060800	10	# 1 Jan 1972
 2287785600	11	# 1 Jul 1972
@ -231,6 +231,7 @@
 3439756800	34	# 1 Jan 2009
 3550089600	35	# 1 Jul 2012
 3644697600	36	# 1 Jul 2015
 3692217600	37	# 1 Jan 2017
 #
 #	the following special comment contains the
 #	hash value of the data in this file computed
@ -246,4 +247,4 @@
 #	the hash line is also ignored in the
 #	computation.
 #
-#h	3d037453 3acade76 570bd8f8 be2b8bc9 55ec6fe8
+#h	dacf2c42 2c4765d6 3c797af8 2cf630eb 699c8c67
--- a/6
+++ b/6
@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 # leap-seconds.list file available from most NIST time servers.
 # If the URL <ftp://time.nist.gov/pub/leap-seconds.list> does not work,
 # you should be able to pick up leap-seconds.list from a secondary NIST server.
 # See <http://tf.nist.gov/tf-cgi/servers.cgi> for a list of secondary servers.
 # For more about leap-seconds.list, please see
 # The NTP Timescale and Leap Seconds
 # http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/leap.html
@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ Leap	2005	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	2008	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	2012	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	2015	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	2016	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-#	Updated through IERS Bulletin C50
+#	Updated through IERS Bulletin C52
-#	File expires on:  28 June 2016
+#	File expires on:  28 June 2017
--- a/138
+++ b/138
@ -325,6 +325,16 @@ Zone America/New_York	-4:56:02 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
 # Statue 175 closer in synch with the US Congress' intent....
 # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/2007/data/acts/07Act3.pdf
 # From an email administrator of the City of Fort Pierre, SD (2015-12-21):
 # Fort Pierre is technically located in the Mountain time zone as is
 # the rest of Stanley County.  Most of Stanley County and Fort Pierre
 # uses the Central time zone due to doing most of their business in
 # Pierre so it simplifies schedules.  I have lived in Stanley County
 # all my life and it has been that way since I can remember.  (43 years!)
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-12-25):
 # Assume this practice predates 1970, so Fort Pierre can use America/Chicago.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Chicago	1920	only	-	Jun	13	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Chicago	1920	1921	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
@ -403,11 +413,42 @@ Zone America/Denver	-6:59:56 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:00:04
 # north of the Salmon River, and the towns of Burgdorf and Warren),
 # Nevada (except West Wendover), Oregon (except the northern 3/4 of
 # Malheur county), and Washington
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-20):
 # In early February 1948, in response to California's electricity shortage,
 # PG&E changed power frequency from 60 to 59.5 Hz during daylight hours,
 # causing electric clocks to lose six minutes per day.  (This did not change
 # legal time, and is not part of the data here.)  See:
 # Ross SA. An energy crisis from the past: Northern California in 1948.
 # Working Paper No. 8, Institute of Governmental Studies, UC Berkeley,
 # 1973-11.  http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8x22k30c
 #
 # In another measure to save electricity, DST was instituted from 1948-03-14
 # at 02:01 to 1949-01-16 at 02:00, with the governor having the option to move
 # the fallback transition earlier.  See pages 3-4 of:
 # http://clerk.assembly.ca.gov/sites/clerk.assembly.ca.gov/files/archive/Statutes/1948/48Vol1_Chapters.pdf
 #
 # In response:
 #
 #   Governor Warren received a torrent of objecting mail, and it is not too much
 #   to speculate that the objections to Daylight Saving Time were one important
 #   factor in the defeat of the Dewey-Warren Presidential ticket in California.
 #     -- Ross, p 25
 #
 # On December 8 the governor exercised the option, setting the date to January 1
 # (LA Times 1948-12-09).  The transition time was 02:00 (LA Times 1949-01-01).
 #
 # Despite the controversy, in 1949 California voters approved Proposition 12,
 # which established DST from April's last Sunday at 01:00 until September's
 # last Sunday at 02:00. This was amended by 1962's Proposition 6, which changed
 # the fall-back date to October's last Sunday. See:
 # http://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1501&context=ca_ballot_props
 # http://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1636&context=ca_ballot_props
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
-Rule	CA	1948	only	-	Mar	14	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	CA	1948	only	-	Mar	14	2:01	1:00	D
 Rule	CA	1949	only	-	Jan	 1	2:00	0	S
-Rule	CA	1950	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	CA	1950	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	CA	1950	1961	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	CA	1962	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@ -481,6 +522,12 @@ Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
 # For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's
 # abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote.
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-11-09):
 # It seems Metlakatla did go off PST on Sunday, November 1, changing
 # their time to AKST and are going to follow Alaska's DST, switching
 # between AKST and AKDT from now on....
 # http://www.krbd.org/2015/10/30/annette-island-times-they-are-a-changing/
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Juneau	 15:02:19 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -8:57:41 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
@ -506,7 +553,8 @@ Zone America/Metlakatla	 15:13:42 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
-			 -8:00	-	PST
+			 -8:00	-	PST	2015 Nov  1  2:00
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Yakutat	 14:41:05 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -9:18:55 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			 -9:00	-	YST	1942
@ -2174,39 +2222,39 @@ Rule	NT_YK	1980	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NT_YK	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # aka Panniqtuuq
-Zone America/Pangnirtung 0	-	zzz	1921 # trading post est.
+Zone America/Pangnirtung 0	-	-00	1921 # trading post est.
 			-4:00	NT_YK	A%sT	1995 Apr Sun>=1  2:00
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1999 Oct 31  2:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 # formerly Frobisher Bay
-Zone America/Iqaluit	0	-	zzz	1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
+Zone America/Iqaluit	0	-	-00	1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
 			-5:00	NT_YK	E%sT	1999 Oct 31  2:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 # aka Qausuittuq
-Zone America/Resolute	0	-	zzz	1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
+Zone America/Resolute	0	-	-00	1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
 			-6:00	NT_YK	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2001 Apr  1  3:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2006 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2007 Mar 11  3:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 # aka Kangiqiniq
-Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0	-	zzz	1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
+Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0	-	-00	1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
 			-6:00	NT_YK	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2001 Apr  1  3:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 # aka Iqaluktuuttiaq
-Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0	-	zzz	1920 # trading post est.?
+Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0	-	-00	1920 # trading post est.?
 			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1999 Oct 31  2:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2000 Nov  5  0:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	2001 Apr  1  3:00
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
-Zone America/Yellowknife 0	-	zzz	1935 # Yellowknife founded?
+Zone America/Yellowknife 0	-	-00	1935 # Yellowknife founded?
 			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1980
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
-Zone America/Inuvik	0	-	zzz	1953 # Inuvik founded
+Zone America/Inuvik	0	-	-00	1953 # Inuvik founded
 			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1979 Apr lastSun  2:00
 			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1980
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
@ -2458,13 +2506,22 @@ Zone America/Merida	-5:58:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:01:32
 			-6:00	-	CST	1981 Dec 23
 			-5:00	-	EST	1982 Dec  2
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
-# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border)
+# Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border)
 # This includes the following municipalities:
 #   in Coahuila: Ocampo, Acuña, Zaragoza, Jiménez, Piedras Negras, Nava,
 #     Guerrero, Hidalgo.
 #   in Nuevo León: Anáhuac, Los Aldama.
 #   in Tamaulipas: Nuevo Laredo, Guerrero, Mier, Miguel Alemán, Camargo,
 #     Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Reynosa, Río Bravo, Valle Hermoso, Matamoros.
 # See: Inicia mañana Horario de Verano en zona fronteriza, El Universal,
 # 2016-03-12
 # http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/articulo/estados/2016/03/12/inicia-manana-horario-de-verano-en-zona-fronteriza
 Zone America/Matamoros	-6:40:00 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:20:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1988
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1989
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	2010
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
-# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
+# Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
 Zone America/Monterrey	-6:41:16 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
 			-6:00	-	CST	1988
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1989
@ -2480,6 +2537,9 @@ Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:23:24
 			-6:00	-	CST	2002 Feb 20
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 # Chihuahua (near US border)
 # This includes the municipalities of Janos, Ascensión, Juárez, Guadalupe,
 # Práxedis G Guerrero, Coyame del Sotol, Ojinaga, and Manuel Benavides.
 # (See the 2016-03-12 El Universal source mentioned above.)
 Zone America/Ojinaga	-6:57:40 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:02:20
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
@ -2567,7 +2627,7 @@ Zone America/Bahia_Banderas	-7:01:00 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	2010 Apr  4  2:00
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
-# Baja California (near US border)
+# Baja California
 Zone America/Tijuana	-7:48:04 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:11:56
 			-7:00	-	MST	1924
 			-8:00	-	PST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
@ -2587,25 +2647,6 @@ Zone America/Tijuana	-7:48:04 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:11:56
 			-8:00	US	P%sT	2002 Feb 20
 			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT	2010
 			-8:00	US	P%sT
 # Baja California (away from US border)
 Zone America/Santa_Isabel	-7:39:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:20:32
 			-7:00	-	MST	1924
 			-8:00	-	PST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-7:00	-	MST	1930 Nov 15
 			-8:00	-	PST	1931 Apr  1
 			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1931 Sep 30
 			-8:00	-	PST	1942 Apr 24
 			-8:00	1:00	PWT	1945 Aug 14 23:00u
 			-8:00	1:00	PPT	1945 Nov 12 # Peace
 			-8:00	-	PST	1948 Apr  5
 			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1949 Jan 14
 			-8:00	-	PST	1954
 			-8:00	CA	P%sT	1961
 			-8:00	-	PST	1976
 			-8:00	US	P%sT	1996
 			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT	2001
 			-8:00	US	P%sT	2002 Feb 20
 			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from
 # America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
@ -2618,6 +2659,13 @@ Zone America/Santa_Isabel	-7:39:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:20:32
 # other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its
 # name or contents should be.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-10-08):
 # Formerly there was an America/Santa_Isabel zone, but this appears to
 # have come from a misreading of
 # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
 # It has been moved to the 'backward' file.
 #
 #
 # Revillagigedo Is
 # no information
@ -2692,17 +2740,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/Bermuda	-4:19:18 -	LMT	1930 Jan  1  2:00 # Hamilton
 			-4:00	US	A%sT
 # Cayman Is
-
+# See America/Panama.
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-05-15):
 # The Cayman government has decided to introduce DST in 2016, the idea being
 # to keep in sync with New York.  The legislation hasn't passed but the change
 # seems quite likely.  See: Meade B. Cayman 27.
 # http://www.cayman27.com.ky/2015/05/15/clock-ticks-toward-daylight-saving-time-in-cayman
 Zone	America/Cayman	-5:25:32 -	LMT	1890     # Georgetown
 			-5:07:11 -	KMT	1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	EST	2016
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 # Costa Rica
@ -3065,6 +3103,13 @@ Zone America/Guatemala	-6:02:04 -	LMT	1918 Oct 5
 # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/public/haiti-avis-changement-dheure-dimanche/
 # http://www.canalplushaiti.net/?p=6714
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-12):
 # Jean Antoine, editor of www.haiti-reference.com informed us that Haiti
 # are not going on DST this year.  Several other resources confirm this: ...
 # http://www.radiotelevisioncaraibes.com/presse/heure_d_t_pas_de_changement_d_heure_pr_vu_pour_cet_ann_e.html
 # http://www.vantbefinfo.com/changement-dheure-pas-pour-haiti/
 # http://news.anmwe.com/haiti-lheure-nationale-ne-sera-ni-avancee-ni-reculee-cette-annee/
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Haiti	1983	only	-	May	8	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	1984	1987	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
@ -3075,8 +3120,8 @@ Rule	Haiti	1988	1997	-	Apr	Sun>=1	1:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	1988	1997	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	S
 Rule	Haiti	2005	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	2005	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Haiti	2012	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Haiti	2012	2015	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Haiti	2012	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Haiti	2012	2015	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:49	-	PPMT	1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
@ -3225,6 +3270,7 @@ Zone	America/Managua	-5:45:08 -	LMT	1890
 Zone	America/Panama	-5:18:08 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:19:36 -	CMT	1908 Apr 22 # Colón Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	EST
 Link America/Panama America/Cayman
 # Puerto Rico
 # There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'.
@ -3266,7 +3312,7 @@ Zone America/Miquelon	-3:44:40 -	LMT	1911 May 15 # St Pierre
 # indicating that the normal ET rules are followed.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-19):
-# The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UTC-4 year-round.  See:
+# The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UT -04 year-round.  See:
 # http://tcweeklynews.com/daylight-savings-time-to-be-maintained-p5353-127.htm
 # Model this as a switch from EST/EDT to AST ...
 # From Chris Walton (2014-11-04):
--- a/51
+++ b/51
@ -410,9 +410,9 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # stuck on Summer daylight savings time even though the summer is over.
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-05):
-# Perhaps San Luis operates on the legal fiction that it is at UTC-4
+# Perhaps San Luis operates on the legal fiction that it is at -04
 # with perpetual summer time, but ordinary usage typically seems to
-# just say it's at UTC-3; see, for example,
+# just say it's at -03; see, for example,
 # http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora_oficial_argentina
 # We've documented similar situations as being plain changes to
 # standard time, so let's do that here too.  This does not change UTC
@ -1221,6 +1221,20 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
 # For now, assume that the extension will persist indefinitely.
 # From Juan Correa (2016-03-18):
 # The decree regarding DST has been published in today's Official Gazette:
 # http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/versiones-anteriores/do/20160318/
 # http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=1088502
 # It does consider the second Saturday of May and August as the dates
 # for the transition; and it lists DST dates until 2019, but I think
 # this scheme will stick.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # For now, assume the pattern holds for the indefinite future.
 # The decree says transitions occur at 24:00; in practice this appears
 # to mean 24:00 mainland time, not 24:00 local time, so that Easter
 # Island is always two hours behind the mainland.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Chile	1927	1931	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1928	1932	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
@ -1252,8 +1266,10 @@ Rule	Chile	2009	only	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	2010	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	2011	only	-	May	Sun>=2	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	2011	only	-	Aug	Sun>=16	4:00u	1:00	S
-Rule	Chile	2012	2015	-	Apr	Sun>=23	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	Chile	2012	2014	-	Apr	Sun>=23	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	2012	2014	-	Sep	Sun>=2	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	2016	max	-	May	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	2016	max	-	Aug	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 # IATA SSIM anomalies: (1992-02) says 1992-03-14;
 # (1996-09) says 1998-03-08.  Ignore these.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@ -1270,13 +1286,11 @@ Zone America/Santiago	-4:42:46 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:00	1:00	CLST	1946 Sep  1 # central Chile
 			-4:00	-	CLT	1947 Apr  1
 			-5:00	-	CLT	1947 May 21 23:00
-			-4:00	Chile	CL%sT	2015 Apr 26  3:00u
+			-4:00	Chile	CL%sT
 			-3:00	-	CLT
 Zone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:28 -	LMT	1890
 			-7:17:28 -	EMT	1932 Sep    # Easter Mean Time
 			-7:00	Chile	EAS%sT	1982 Mar 14 3:00u # Easter Time
-			-6:00	Chile	EAS%sT	2015 Apr 26 3:00u
+			-6:00	Chile	EAS%sT
 			-5:00	-	EAST
 #
 # Salas y Gómez Island is uninhabited.
 # Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernández Is, Desventuradas Is,
@ -1295,11 +1309,10 @@ Zone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:28 -	LMT	1890
 # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Palmer	0	-	zzz	1965
+Zone Antarctica/Palmer	0	-	-00	1965
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1982 May
-			-4:00	Chile	CL%sT	2015 Apr 26 3:00u
+			-4:00	Chile	CL%sT
 			-3:00	-	CLT
 # Colombia
@ -1742,9 +1755,25 @@ Zone America/Montevideo	-3:44:44 -	LMT	1898 Jun 28
 # resolution publication)
 # http://www.globovision.com/news.php?nid=72208
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-04-15):
 # https://actualidad.rt.com/actualidad/204758-venezuela-modificar-huso-horario-sequia-elnino
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-04-15):
 # Clocks advance 30 minutes on 2016-05-01 at 02:30....
 # "'Venezuela's new time-zone: hours without light, hours without water,
 # hours of presidential broadcasts, hours of lines,' quipped comedian
 # Jean Mary Curró ...". See: Cawthorne A, Kai D. Venezuela scraps
 # half-hour time difference set by Chavez. Reuters 2016-04-15 14:50 -0400
 # http://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-timezone-idUSKCN0XC2BE
 #
 # From Matt Johnson (2016-04-20):
 # ... published in the official Gazette [2016-04-18], here:
 # http://historico.tsj.gob.ve/gaceta_ext/abril/1842016/E-1842016-4551.pdf
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Caracas	-4:27:44 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:27:40 -	CMT	1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time?
 			-4:30	-	VET	1965 Jan  1  0:00 # Venezuela T.
 			-4:00	-	VET	2007 Dec  9  3:00
-			-4:30	-	VET
+			-4:30	-	VET	2016 May  1  2:30
 			-4:00	-	VET
--- a/zone.tab
+++ b/zone.tab
@ -30,22 +30,22 @@ AI	+1812-06304	America/Anguilla
 AL	+4120+01950	Europe/Tirane
 AM	+4011+04430	Asia/Yerevan
 AO	-0848+01314	Africa/Luanda
-AQ	-7750+16636	Antarctica/McMurdo	McMurdo, South Pole, Scott (New Zealand time)
+AQ	-7750+16636	Antarctica/McMurdo	New Zealand time - McMurdo, South Pole
-AQ	-6734-06808	Antarctica/Rothera	Rothera Station, Adelaide Island
+AQ	-6617+11031	Antarctica/Casey	Casey
-AQ	-6448-06406	Antarctica/Palmer	Palmer Station, Anvers Island
+AQ	-6835+07758	Antarctica/Davis	Davis
-AQ	-6736+06253	Antarctica/Mawson	Mawson Station, Holme Bay
+AQ	-6640+14001	Antarctica/DumontDUrville	Dumont-d'Urville
-AQ	-6835+07758	Antarctica/Davis	Davis Station, Vestfold Hills
+AQ	-6736+06253	Antarctica/Mawson	Mawson
-AQ	-6617+11031	Antarctica/Casey	Casey Station, Bailey Peninsula
+AQ	-6448-06406	Antarctica/Palmer	Palmer
-AQ	-7824+10654	Antarctica/Vostok	Vostok Station, Lake Vostok
+AQ	-6734-06808	Antarctica/Rothera	Rothera
-AQ	-6640+14001	Antarctica/DumontDUrville	Dumont-d'Urville Station, Adelie Land
+AQ	-690022+0393524	Antarctica/Syowa	Syowa
-AQ	-690022+0393524	Antarctica/Syowa	Syowa Station, E Ongul I
+AQ	-720041+0023206	Antarctica/Troll	Troll
-AQ	-720041+0023206	Antarctica/Troll	Troll Station, Queen Maud Land
+AQ	-7824+10654	Antarctica/Vostok	Vostok
 AR	-3436-05827	America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires	Buenos Aires (BA, CF)
-AR	-3124-06411	America/Argentina/Cordoba	most locations (CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
+AR	-3124-06411	America/Argentina/Cordoba	Argentina (most areas: CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
-AR	-2447-06525	America/Argentina/Salta	(SA, LP, NQ, RN)
+AR	-2447-06525	America/Argentina/Salta	Salta (SA, LP, NQ, RN)
 AR	-2411-06518	America/Argentina/Jujuy	Jujuy (JY)
 AR	-2649-06513	America/Argentina/Tucuman	Tucuman (TM)
-AR	-2828-06547	America/Argentina/Catamarca	Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH)
+AR	-2828-06547	America/Argentina/Catamarca	Catamarca (CT); Chubut (CH)
 AR	-2926-06651	America/Argentina/La_Rioja	La Rioja (LR)
 AR	-3132-06831	America/Argentina/San_Juan	San Juan (SJ)
 AR	-3253-06849	America/Argentina/Mendoza	Mendoza (MZ)
@ -56,17 +56,17 @@ AS	-1416-17042	Pacific/Pago_Pago
 AT	+4813+01620	Europe/Vienna
 AU	-3133+15905	Australia/Lord_Howe	Lord Howe Island
 AU	-5430+15857	Antarctica/Macquarie	Macquarie Island
-AU	-4253+14719	Australia/Hobart	Tasmania - most locations
+AU	-4253+14719	Australia/Hobart	Tasmania (most areas)
-AU	-3956+14352	Australia/Currie	Tasmania - King Island
+AU	-3956+14352	Australia/Currie	Tasmania (King Island)
 AU	-3749+14458	Australia/Melbourne	Victoria
-AU	-3352+15113	Australia/Sydney	New South Wales - most locations
+AU	-3352+15113	Australia/Sydney	New South Wales (most areas)
-AU	-3157+14127	Australia/Broken_Hill	New South Wales - Yancowinna
+AU	-3157+14127	Australia/Broken_Hill	New South Wales (Yancowinna)
-AU	-2728+15302	Australia/Brisbane	Queensland - most locations
+AU	-2728+15302	Australia/Brisbane	Queensland (most areas)
-AU	-2016+14900	Australia/Lindeman	Queensland - Holiday Islands
+AU	-2016+14900	Australia/Lindeman	Queensland (Whitsunday Islands)
 AU	-3455+13835	Australia/Adelaide	South Australia
 AU	-1228+13050	Australia/Darwin	Northern Territory
-AU	-3157+11551	Australia/Perth	Western Australia - most locations
+AU	-3157+11551	Australia/Perth	Western Australia (most areas)
-AU	-3143+12852	Australia/Eucla	Western Australia - Eucla area
+AU	-3143+12852	Australia/Eucla	Western Australia (Eucla)
 AW	+1230-06958	America/Aruba
 AX	+6006+01957	Europe/Mariehamn
 AZ	+4023+04951	Asia/Baku
@ -85,63 +85,63 @@ BN	+0456+11455	Asia/Brunei
 BO	-1630-06809	America/La_Paz
 BQ	+120903-0681636	America/Kralendijk
 BR	-0351-03225	America/Noronha	Atlantic islands
-BR	-0127-04829	America/Belem	Amapa, E Para
+BR	-0127-04829	America/Belem	Para (east); Amapa
-BR	-0343-03830	America/Fortaleza	NE Brazil (MA, PI, CE, RN, PB)
+BR	-0343-03830	America/Fortaleza	Brazil (northeast: MA, PI, CE, RN, PB)
 BR	-0803-03454	America/Recife	Pernambuco
 BR	-0712-04812	America/Araguaina	Tocantins
 BR	-0940-03543	America/Maceio	Alagoas, Sergipe
 BR	-1259-03831	America/Bahia	Bahia
-BR	-2332-04637	America/Sao_Paulo	S & SE Brazil (GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS)
+BR	-2332-04637	America/Sao_Paulo	Brazil (southeast: GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS)
 BR	-2027-05437	America/Campo_Grande	Mato Grosso do Sul
 BR	-1535-05605	America/Cuiaba	Mato Grosso
-BR	-0226-05452	America/Santarem	W Para
+BR	-0226-05452	America/Santarem	Para (west)
 BR	-0846-06354	America/Porto_Velho	Rondonia
 BR	+0249-06040	America/Boa_Vista	Roraima
-BR	-0308-06001	America/Manaus	E Amazonas
+BR	-0308-06001	America/Manaus	Amazonas (east)
-BR	-0640-06952	America/Eirunepe	W Amazonas
+BR	-0640-06952	America/Eirunepe	Amazonas (west)
 BR	-0958-06748	America/Rio_Branco	Acre
 BS	+2505-07721	America/Nassau
 BT	+2728+08939	Asia/Thimphu
 BW	-2439+02555	Africa/Gaborone
 BY	+5354+02734	Europe/Minsk
 BZ	+1730-08812	America/Belize
-CA	+4734-05243	America/St_Johns	Newfoundland Time, including SE Labrador
+CA	+4734-05243	America/St_Johns	Newfoundland; Labrador (southeast)
-CA	+4439-06336	America/Halifax	Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia (peninsula), PEI
+CA	+4439-06336	America/Halifax	Atlantic - NS (most areas); PE
-CA	+4612-05957	America/Glace_Bay	Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia (Cape Breton)
+CA	+4612-05957	America/Glace_Bay	Atlantic - NS (Cape Breton)
-CA	+4606-06447	America/Moncton	Atlantic Time - New Brunswick
+CA	+4606-06447	America/Moncton	Atlantic - New Brunswick
-CA	+5320-06025	America/Goose_Bay	Atlantic Time - Labrador - most locations
+CA	+5320-06025	America/Goose_Bay	Atlantic - Labrador (most areas)
-CA	+5125-05707	America/Blanc-Sablon	Atlantic Standard Time - Quebec - Lower North Shore
+CA	+5125-05707	America/Blanc-Sablon	AST - QC (Lower North Shore)
-CA	+4339-07923	America/Toronto	Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - most locations
+CA	+4339-07923	America/Toronto	Eastern - ON, QC (most areas)
-CA	+4901-08816	America/Nipigon	Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - places that did not observe DST 1967-1973
+CA	+4901-08816	America/Nipigon	Eastern - ON, QC (no DST 1967-73)
-CA	+4823-08915	America/Thunder_Bay	Eastern Time - Thunder Bay, Ontario
+CA	+4823-08915	America/Thunder_Bay	Eastern - ON (Thunder Bay)
-CA	+6344-06828	America/Iqaluit	Eastern Time - east Nunavut - most locations
+CA	+6344-06828	America/Iqaluit	Eastern - NU (most east areas)
-CA	+6608-06544	America/Pangnirtung	Eastern Time - Pangnirtung, Nunavut
+CA	+6608-06544	America/Pangnirtung	Eastern - NU (Pangnirtung)
-CA	+744144-0944945	America/Resolute	Central Time - Resolute, Nunavut
+CA	+484531-0913718	America/Atikokan	EST - ON (Atikokan); NU (Coral H)
-CA	+484531-0913718	America/Atikokan	Eastern Standard Time - Atikokan, Ontario and Southampton I, Nunavut
+CA	+4953-09709	America/Winnipeg	Central - ON (west); Manitoba
-CA	+624900-0920459	America/Rankin_Inlet	Central Time - central Nunavut
+CA	+4843-09434	America/Rainy_River	Central - ON (Rainy R, Ft Frances)
-CA	+4953-09709	America/Winnipeg	Central Time - Manitoba & west Ontario
+CA	+744144-0944945	America/Resolute	Central - NU (Resolute)
-CA	+4843-09434	America/Rainy_River	Central Time - Rainy River & Fort Frances, Ontario
+CA	+624900-0920459	America/Rankin_Inlet	Central - NU (central)
-CA	+5024-10439	America/Regina	Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - most locations
+CA	+5024-10439	America/Regina	CST - SK (most areas)
-CA	+5017-10750	America/Swift_Current	Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - midwest
+CA	+5017-10750	America/Swift_Current	CST - SK (midwest)
-CA	+5333-11328	America/Edmonton	Mountain Time - Alberta, east British Columbia & west Saskatchewan
+CA	+5333-11328	America/Edmonton	Mountain - AB; BC (E); SK (W)
-CA	+690650-1050310	America/Cambridge_Bay	Mountain Time - west Nunavut
+CA	+690650-1050310	America/Cambridge_Bay	Mountain - NU (west)
-CA	+6227-11421	America/Yellowknife	Mountain Time - central Northwest Territories
+CA	+6227-11421	America/Yellowknife	Mountain - NT (central)
-CA	+682059-1334300	America/Inuvik	Mountain Time - west Northwest Territories
+CA	+682059-1334300	America/Inuvik	Mountain - NT (west)
-CA	+4906-11631	America/Creston	Mountain Standard Time - Creston, British Columbia
+CA	+4906-11631	America/Creston	MST - BC (Creston)
-CA	+5946-12014	America/Dawson_Creek	Mountain Standard Time - Dawson Creek & Fort Saint John, British Columbia
+CA	+5946-12014	America/Dawson_Creek	MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John)
-CA	+5848-12242	America/Fort_Nelson	Mountain Standard Time - Fort Nelson, British Columbia
+CA	+5848-12242	America/Fort_Nelson	MST - BC (Ft Nelson)
-CA	+4916-12307	America/Vancouver	Pacific Time - west British Columbia
+CA	+4916-12307	America/Vancouver	Pacific - BC (most areas)
-CA	+6043-13503	America/Whitehorse	Pacific Time - south Yukon
+CA	+6043-13503	America/Whitehorse	Pacific - Yukon (south)
-CA	+6404-13925	America/Dawson	Pacific Time - north Yukon
+CA	+6404-13925	America/Dawson	Pacific - Yukon (north)
 CC	-1210+09655	Indian/Cocos
-CD	-0418+01518	Africa/Kinshasa	west Dem. Rep. of Congo
+CD	-0418+01518	Africa/Kinshasa	Dem. Rep. of Congo (west)
-CD	-1140+02728	Africa/Lubumbashi	east Dem. Rep. of Congo
+CD	-1140+02728	Africa/Lubumbashi	Dem. Rep. of Congo (east)
 CF	+0422+01835	Africa/Bangui
 CG	-0416+01517	Africa/Brazzaville
 CH	+4723+00832	Europe/Zurich
 CI	+0519-00402	Africa/Abidjan
 CK	-2114-15946	Pacific/Rarotonga
-CL	-3327-07040	America/Santiago	most locations
+CL	-3327-07040	America/Santiago	Chile (most areas)
 CL	-2709-10926	Pacific/Easter	Easter Island
 CM	+0403+00942	Africa/Douala
 CN	+3114+12128	Asia/Shanghai	Beijing Time
@ -154,28 +154,28 @@ CW	+1211-06900	America/Curacao
 CX	-1025+10543	Indian/Christmas
 CY	+3510+03322	Asia/Nicosia
 CZ	+5005+01426	Europe/Prague
-DE	+5230+01322	Europe/Berlin	most locations
+DE	+5230+01322	Europe/Berlin	Germany (most areas)
 DE	+4742+00841	Europe/Busingen	Busingen
 DJ	+1136+04309	Africa/Djibouti
 DK	+5540+01235	Europe/Copenhagen
 DM	+1518-06124	America/Dominica
 DO	+1828-06954	America/Santo_Domingo
 DZ	+3647+00303	Africa/Algiers
-EC	-0210-07950	America/Guayaquil	mainland
+EC	-0210-07950	America/Guayaquil	Ecuador (mainland)
 EC	-0054-08936	Pacific/Galapagos	Galapagos Islands
 EE	+5925+02445	Europe/Tallinn
 EG	+3003+03115	Africa/Cairo
 EH	+2709-01312	Africa/El_Aaiun
 ER	+1520+03853	Africa/Asmara
-ES	+4024-00341	Europe/Madrid	mainland
+ES	+4024-00341	Europe/Madrid	Spain (mainland)
-ES	+3553-00519	Africa/Ceuta	Ceuta & Melilla
+ES	+3553-00519	Africa/Ceuta	Ceuta, Melilla
 ES	+2806-01524	Atlantic/Canary	Canary Islands
 ET	+0902+03842	Africa/Addis_Ababa
 FI	+6010+02458	Europe/Helsinki
 FJ	-1808+17825	Pacific/Fiji
 FK	-5142-05751	Atlantic/Stanley
-FM	+0725+15147	Pacific/Chuuk	Chuuk (Truk) and Yap
+FM	+0725+15147	Pacific/Chuuk	Chuuk/Truk, Yap
-FM	+0658+15813	Pacific/Pohnpei	Pohnpei (Ponape)
+FM	+0658+15813	Pacific/Pohnpei	Pohnpei/Ponape
 FM	+0519+16259	Pacific/Kosrae	Kosrae
 FO	+6201-00646	Atlantic/Faroe
 FR	+4852+00220	Europe/Paris
@ -187,10 +187,10 @@ GF	+0456-05220	America/Cayenne
 GG	+4927-00232	Europe/Guernsey
 GH	+0533-00013	Africa/Accra
 GI	+3608-00521	Europe/Gibraltar
-GL	+6411-05144	America/Godthab	most locations
+GL	+6411-05144	America/Godthab	Greenland (most areas)
-GL	+7646-01840	America/Danmarkshavn	east coast, north of Scoresbysund
+GL	+7646-01840	America/Danmarkshavn	National Park (east coast)
-GL	+7029-02158	America/Scoresbysund	Scoresbysund / Ittoqqortoormiit
+GL	+7029-02158	America/Scoresbysund	Scoresbysund/Ittoqqortoormiit
-GL	+7634-06847	America/Thule	Thule / Pituffik
+GL	+7634-06847	America/Thule	Thule/Pituffik
 GM	+1328-01639	Africa/Banjul
 GN	+0931-01343	Africa/Conakry
 GP	+1614-06132	America/Guadeloupe
@ -206,10 +206,10 @@ HN	+1406-08713	America/Tegucigalpa
 HR	+4548+01558	Europe/Zagreb
 HT	+1832-07220	America/Port-au-Prince
 HU	+4730+01905	Europe/Budapest
-ID	-0610+10648	Asia/Jakarta	Java & Sumatra
+ID	-0610+10648	Asia/Jakarta	Java, Sumatra
-ID	-0002+10920	Asia/Pontianak	west & central Borneo
+ID	-0002+10920	Asia/Pontianak	Borneo (west, central)
-ID	-0507+11924	Asia/Makassar	east & south Borneo, Sulawesi (Celebes), Bali, Nusa Tengarra, west Timor
+ID	-0507+11924	Asia/Makassar	Borneo (east, south); Sulawesi/Celebes, Bali, Nusa Tengarra; Timor (west)
-ID	-0232+14042	Asia/Jayapura	west New Guinea (Irian Jaya) & Malukus (Moluccas)
+ID	-0232+14042	Asia/Jayapura	New Guinea (West Papua / Irian Jaya); Malukus/Moluccas
 IE	+5320-00615	Europe/Dublin
 IL	+314650+0351326	Asia/Jerusalem
 IM	+5409-00428	Europe/Isle_of_Man
@ -235,10 +235,10 @@ KP	+3901+12545	Asia/Pyongyang
 KR	+3733+12658	Asia/Seoul
 KW	+2920+04759	Asia/Kuwait
 KY	+1918-08123	America/Cayman
-KZ	+4315+07657	Asia/Almaty	most locations
+KZ	+4315+07657	Asia/Almaty	Kazakhstan (most areas)
-KZ	+4448+06528	Asia/Qyzylorda	Qyzylorda (Kyzylorda, Kzyl-Orda)
+KZ	+4448+06528	Asia/Qyzylorda	Qyzylorda/Kyzylorda/Kzyl-Orda
-KZ	+5017+05710	Asia/Aqtobe	Aqtobe (Aktobe)
+KZ	+5017+05710	Asia/Aqtobe	Aqtobe/Aktobe
-KZ	+4431+05016	Asia/Aqtau	Atyrau (Atirau, Gur'yev), Mangghystau (Mankistau)
+KZ	+4431+05016	Asia/Aqtau	Atyrau/Atirau/Gur'yev, Mangghystau/Mankistau
 KZ	+5113+05121	Asia/Oral	West Kazakhstan
 LA	+1758+10236	Asia/Vientiane
 LB	+3353+03530	Asia/Beirut
@ -257,12 +257,12 @@ MD	+4700+02850	Europe/Chisinau
 ME	+4226+01916	Europe/Podgorica
 MF	+1804-06305	America/Marigot
 MG	-1855+04731	Indian/Antananarivo
-MH	+0709+17112	Pacific/Majuro	most locations
+MH	+0709+17112	Pacific/Majuro	Marshall Islands (most areas)
 MH	+0905+16720	Pacific/Kwajalein	Kwajalein
 MK	+4159+02126	Europe/Skopje
 ML	+1239-00800	Africa/Bamako
-MM	+1647+09610	Asia/Rangoon
+MM	+1647+09610	Asia/Yangon
-MN	+4755+10653	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	most locations
+MN	+4755+10653	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	Mongolia (most areas)
 MN	+4801+09139	Asia/Hovd	Bayan-Olgiy, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan
 MN	+4804+11430	Asia/Choibalsan	Dornod, Sukhbaatar
 MO	+2214+11335	Asia/Macau
@ -274,20 +274,19 @@ MT	+3554+01431	Europe/Malta
 MU	-2010+05730	Indian/Mauritius
 MV	+0410+07330	Indian/Maldives
 MW	-1547+03500	Africa/Blantyre
-MX	+1924-09909	America/Mexico_City	Central Time - most locations
+MX	+1924-09909	America/Mexico_City	Central Time
 MX	+2105-08646	America/Cancun	Eastern Standard Time - Quintana Roo
 MX	+2058-08937	America/Merida	Central Time - Campeche, Yucatan
-MX	+2540-10019	America/Monterrey	Mexican Central Time - Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas away from US border
+MX	+2540-10019	America/Monterrey	Central Time - Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (most areas)
-MX	+2550-09730	America/Matamoros	US Central Time - Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas near US border
+MX	+2550-09730	America/Matamoros	Central Time US - Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (US border)
-MX	+2313-10625	America/Mazatlan	Mountain Time - S Baja, Nayarit, Sinaloa
+MX	+2313-10625	America/Mazatlan	Mountain Time - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
-MX	+2838-10605	America/Chihuahua	Mexican Mountain Time - Chihuahua away from US border
+MX	+2838-10605	America/Chihuahua	Mountain Time - Chihuahua (most areas)
-MX	+2934-10425	America/Ojinaga	US Mountain Time - Chihuahua near US border
+MX	+2934-10425	America/Ojinaga	Mountain Time US - Chihuahua (US border)
 MX	+2904-11058	America/Hermosillo	Mountain Standard Time - Sonora
-MX	+3232-11701	America/Tijuana	US Pacific Time - Baja California near US border
+MX	+3232-11701	America/Tijuana	Pacific Time US - Baja California
-MX	+3018-11452	America/Santa_Isabel	Mexican Pacific Time - Baja California away from US border
+MX	+2048-10515	America/Bahia_Banderas	Central Time - Bahia de Banderas
-MX	+2048-10515	America/Bahia_Banderas	Mexican Central Time - Bahia de Banderas
+MY	+0310+10142	Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	Malaysia (peninsula)
-MY	+0310+10142	Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	peninsular Malaysia
+MY	+0133+11020	Asia/Kuching	Sabah, Sarawak
 MY	+0133+11020	Asia/Kuching	Sabah & Sarawak
 MZ	-2558+03235	Africa/Maputo
 NA	-2234+01706	Africa/Windhoek
 NC	-2216+16627	Pacific/Noumea
@ -300,7 +299,7 @@ NO	+5955+01045	Europe/Oslo
 NP	+2743+08519	Asia/Kathmandu
 NR	-0031+16655	Pacific/Nauru
 NU	-1901-16955	Pacific/Niue
-NZ	-3652+17446	Pacific/Auckland	most locations
+NZ	-3652+17446	Pacific/Auckland	New Zealand (most areas)
 NZ	-4357-17633	Pacific/Chatham	Chatham Islands
 OM	+2336+05835	Asia/Muscat
 PA	+0858-07932	America/Panama
@ -308,7 +307,7 @@ PE	-1203-07703	America/Lima
 PF	-1732-14934	Pacific/Tahiti	Society Islands
 PF	-0900-13930	Pacific/Marquesas	Marquesas Islands
 PF	-2308-13457	Pacific/Gambier	Gambier Islands
-PG	-0930+14710	Pacific/Port_Moresby	most locations
+PG	-0930+14710	Pacific/Port_Moresby	Papua New Guinea (most areas)
 PG	-0613+15534	Pacific/Bougainville	Bougainville
 PH	+1435+12100	Asia/Manila
 PK	+2452+06703	Asia/Karachi
@ -318,7 +317,7 @@ PN	-2504-13005	Pacific/Pitcairn
 PR	+182806-0660622	America/Puerto_Rico
 PS	+3130+03428	Asia/Gaza	Gaza Strip
 PS	+313200+0350542	Asia/Hebron	West Bank
-PT	+3843-00908	Europe/Lisbon	mainland
+PT	+3843-00908	Europe/Lisbon	Portugal (mainland)
 PT	+3238-01654	Atlantic/Madeira	Madeira Islands
 PT	+3744-02540	Atlantic/Azores	Azores
 PW	+0720+13429	Pacific/Palau
@ -327,27 +326,32 @@ QA	+2517+05132	Asia/Qatar
 RE	-2052+05528	Indian/Reunion
 RO	+4426+02606	Europe/Bucharest
 RS	+4450+02030	Europe/Belgrade
-RU	+5443+02030	Europe/Kaliningrad	Moscow-01 - Kaliningrad
+RU	+5443+02030	Europe/Kaliningrad	MSK-01 - Kaliningrad
-RU	+554521+0373704	Europe/Moscow	Moscow+00 - west Russia
+RU	+554521+0373704	Europe/Moscow	MSK+00 - Moscow area
-RU	+4457+03406	Europe/Simferopol	Moscow+00 - Crimea
+RU	+4457+03406	Europe/Simferopol	MSK+00 - Crimea
-RU	+4844+04425	Europe/Volgograd	Moscow+00 - Caspian Sea
+RU	+4844+04425	Europe/Volgograd	MSK+00 - Volgograd, Saratov
-RU	+5312+05009	Europe/Samara	Moscow+00 (Moscow+01 after 2014-10-26) - Samara, Udmurtia
+RU	+5836+04939	Europe/Kirov	MSK+00 - Kirov
-RU	+5651+06036	Asia/Yekaterinburg	Moscow+02 - Urals
+RU	+4621+04803	Europe/Astrakhan	MSK+01 - Astrakhan
-RU	+5500+07324	Asia/Omsk	Moscow+03 - west Siberia
+RU	+5312+05009	Europe/Samara	MSK+01 - Samara, Udmurtia
-RU	+5502+08255	Asia/Novosibirsk	Moscow+03 - Novosibirsk
+RU	+5420+04824	Europe/Ulyanovsk	MSK+01 - Ulyanovsk
-RU	+5345+08707	Asia/Novokuznetsk	Moscow+03 (Moscow+04 after 2014-10-26) - Kemerovo
+RU	+5651+06036	Asia/Yekaterinburg	MSK+02 - Urals
-RU	+5601+09250	Asia/Krasnoyarsk	Moscow+04 - Yenisei River
+RU	+5500+07324	Asia/Omsk	MSK+03 - Omsk
-RU	+5216+10420	Asia/Irkutsk	Moscow+05 - Lake Baikal
+RU	+5502+08255	Asia/Novosibirsk	MSK+03 - Novosibirsk
-RU	+5203+11328	Asia/Chita	Moscow+06 (Moscow+05 after 2014-10-26) - Zabaykalsky
+RU	+5322+08345	Asia/Barnaul	MSK+04 - Altai
-RU	+6200+12940	Asia/Yakutsk	Moscow+06 - Lena River
+RU	+5630+08458	Asia/Tomsk	MSK+04 - Tomsk
-RU	+623923+1353314	Asia/Khandyga	Moscow+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky
+RU	+5345+08707	Asia/Novokuznetsk	MSK+04 - Kemerovo
-RU	+4310+13156	Asia/Vladivostok	Moscow+07 - Amur River
+RU	+5601+09250	Asia/Krasnoyarsk	MSK+04 - Krasnoyarsk area
-RU	+4658+14242	Asia/Sakhalin	Moscow+07 - Sakhalin Island
+RU	+5216+10420	Asia/Irkutsk	MSK+05 - Irkutsk, Buryatia
-RU	+643337+1431336	Asia/Ust-Nera	Moscow+07 - Oymyakonsky
+RU	+5203+11328	Asia/Chita	MSK+06 - Zabaykalsky
-RU	+5934+15048	Asia/Magadan	Moscow+08 (Moscow+07 after 2014-10-26) - Magadan
+RU	+6200+12940	Asia/Yakutsk	MSK+06 - Lena River
-RU	+6728+15343	Asia/Srednekolymsk	Moscow+08 - E Sakha, N Kuril Is
+RU	+623923+1353314	Asia/Khandyga	MSK+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky
-RU	+5301+15839	Asia/Kamchatka	Moscow+08 (Moscow+09 after 2014-10-26) - Kamchatka
+RU	+4310+13156	Asia/Vladivostok	MSK+07 - Amur River
-RU	+6445+17729	Asia/Anadyr	Moscow+08 (Moscow+09 after 2014-10-26) - Bering Sea
+RU	+643337+1431336	Asia/Ust-Nera	MSK+07 - Oymyakonsky
 RU	+5934+15048	Asia/Magadan	MSK+08 - Magadan
 RU	+4658+14242	Asia/Sakhalin	MSK+08 - Sakhalin Island
 RU	+6728+15343	Asia/Srednekolymsk	MSK+08 - Sakha (E); North Kuril Is
 RU	+5301+15839	Asia/Kamchatka	MSK+09 - Kamchatka
 RU	+6445+17729	Asia/Anadyr	MSK+09 - Bering Sea
 RW	-0157+03004	Africa/Kigali
 SA	+2438+04643	Asia/Riyadh
 SB	-0932+16012	Pacific/Guadalcanal
@ -386,45 +390,45 @@ TT	+1039-06131	America/Port_of_Spain
 TV	-0831+17913	Pacific/Funafuti
 TW	+2503+12130	Asia/Taipei
 TZ	-0648+03917	Africa/Dar_es_Salaam
-UA	+5026+03031	Europe/Kiev	most locations
+UA	+5026+03031	Europe/Kiev	Ukraine (most areas)
 UA	+4837+02218	Europe/Uzhgorod	Ruthenia
-UA	+4750+03510	Europe/Zaporozhye	Zaporozh'ye, E Lugansk / Zaporizhia, E Luhansk
+UA	+4750+03510	Europe/Zaporozhye	Zaporozh'ye/Zaporizhia; Lugansk/Luhansk (east)
 UG	+0019+03225	Africa/Kampala
 UM	+1645-16931	Pacific/Johnston	Johnston Atoll
 UM	+2813-17722	Pacific/Midway	Midway Islands
 UM	+1917+16637	Pacific/Wake	Wake Island
-US	+404251-0740023	America/New_York	Eastern Time
+US	+404251-0740023	America/New_York	Eastern (most areas)
-US	+421953-0830245	America/Detroit	Eastern Time - Michigan - most locations
+US	+421953-0830245	America/Detroit	Eastern - MI (most areas)
-US	+381515-0854534	America/Kentucky/Louisville	Eastern Time - Kentucky - Louisville area
+US	+381515-0854534	America/Kentucky/Louisville	Eastern - KY (Louisville area)
-US	+364947-0845057	America/Kentucky/Monticello	Eastern Time - Kentucky - Wayne County
+US	+364947-0845057	America/Kentucky/Monticello	Eastern - KY (Wayne)
-US	+394606-0860929	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	Eastern Time - Indiana - most locations
+US	+394606-0860929	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	Eastern - IN (most areas)
-US	+384038-0873143	America/Indiana/Vincennes	Eastern Time - Indiana - Daviess, Dubois, Knox & Martin Counties
+US	+384038-0873143	America/Indiana/Vincennes	Eastern - IN (Da, Du, K, Mn)
-US	+410305-0863611	America/Indiana/Winamac	Eastern Time - Indiana - Pulaski County
+US	+410305-0863611	America/Indiana/Winamac	Eastern - IN (Pulaski)
-US	+382232-0862041	America/Indiana/Marengo	Eastern Time - Indiana - Crawford County
+US	+382232-0862041	America/Indiana/Marengo	Eastern - IN (Crawford)
-US	+382931-0871643	America/Indiana/Petersburg	Eastern Time - Indiana - Pike County
+US	+382931-0871643	America/Indiana/Petersburg	Eastern - IN (Pike)
-US	+384452-0850402	America/Indiana/Vevay	Eastern Time - Indiana - Switzerland County
+US	+384452-0850402	America/Indiana/Vevay	Eastern - IN (Switzerland)
-US	+415100-0873900	America/Chicago	Central Time
+US	+415100-0873900	America/Chicago	Central (most areas)
-US	+375711-0864541	America/Indiana/Tell_City	Central Time - Indiana - Perry County
+US	+375711-0864541	America/Indiana/Tell_City	Central - IN (Perry)
-US	+411745-0863730	America/Indiana/Knox	Central Time - Indiana - Starke County
+US	+411745-0863730	America/Indiana/Knox	Central - IN (Starke)
-US	+450628-0873651	America/Menominee	Central Time - Michigan - Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron & Menominee Counties
+US	+450628-0873651	America/Menominee	Central - MI (Wisconsin border)
-US	+470659-1011757	America/North_Dakota/Center	Central Time - North Dakota - Oliver County
+US	+470659-1011757	America/North_Dakota/Center	Central - ND (Oliver)
-US	+465042-1012439	America/North_Dakota/New_Salem	Central Time - North Dakota - Morton County (except Mandan area)
+US	+465042-1012439	America/North_Dakota/New_Salem	Central - ND (Morton rural)
-US	+471551-1014640	America/North_Dakota/Beulah	Central Time - North Dakota - Mercer County
+US	+471551-1014640	America/North_Dakota/Beulah	Central - ND (Mercer)
-US	+394421-1045903	America/Denver	Mountain Time
+US	+394421-1045903	America/Denver	Mountain (most areas)
-US	+433649-1161209	America/Boise	Mountain Time - south Idaho & east Oregon
+US	+433649-1161209	America/Boise	Mountain - ID (south); OR (east)
-US	+332654-1120424	America/Phoenix	Mountain Standard Time - Arizona (except Navajo)
+US	+332654-1120424	America/Phoenix	MST - Arizona (except Navajo)
-US	+340308-1181434	America/Los_Angeles	Pacific Time
+US	+340308-1181434	America/Los_Angeles	Pacific
-US	+550737-1313435	America/Metlakatla	Pacific Standard Time - Annette Island, Alaska
+US	+611305-1495401	America/Anchorage	Alaska (most areas)
-US	+611305-1495401	America/Anchorage	Alaska Time
+US	+581807-1342511	America/Juneau	Alaska - Juneau area
-US	+581807-1342511	America/Juneau	Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle
+US	+571035-1351807	America/Sitka	Alaska - Sitka area
-US	+571035-1351807	America/Sitka	Alaska Time - southeast Alaska panhandle
+US	+550737-1313435	America/Metlakatla	Alaska - Annette Island
-US	+593249-1394338	America/Yakutat	Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle neck
+US	+593249-1394338	America/Yakutat	Alaska - Yakutat
-US	+643004-1652423	America/Nome	Alaska Time - west Alaska
+US	+643004-1652423	America/Nome	Alaska (west)
 US	+515248-1763929	America/Adak	Aleutian Islands
 US	+211825-1575130	Pacific/Honolulu	Hawaii
 UY	-3453-05611	America/Montevideo
-UZ	+3940+06648	Asia/Samarkand	west Uzbekistan
+UZ	+3940+06648	Asia/Samarkand	Uzbekistan (west)
-UZ	+4120+06918	Asia/Tashkent	east Uzbekistan
+UZ	+4120+06918	Asia/Tashkent	Uzbekistan (east)
 VA	+415408+0122711	Europe/Vatican
 VC	+1309-06114	America/St_Vincent
 VE	+1030-06656	America/Caracas
--- a/zone1970.tab
+++ b/zone1970.tab
@ -38,21 +38,21 @@ AE,OM	+2518+05518	Asia/Dubai
 AF	+3431+06912	Asia/Kabul
 AL	+4120+01950	Europe/Tirane
 AM	+4011+04430	Asia/Yerevan
-AQ	-6734-06808	Antarctica/Rothera	Rothera Station, Adelaide Island
+AQ	-6617+11031	Antarctica/Casey	Casey
-AQ	-6448-06406	Antarctica/Palmer	Palmer Station, Anvers Island
+AQ	-6835+07758	Antarctica/Davis	Davis
-AQ	-6736+06253	Antarctica/Mawson	Mawson Station, Holme Bay
+AQ	-6640+14001	Antarctica/DumontDUrville	Dumont-d'Urville
-AQ	-6835+07758	Antarctica/Davis	Davis Station, Vestfold Hills
+AQ	-6736+06253	Antarctica/Mawson	Mawson
-AQ	-6617+11031	Antarctica/Casey	Casey Station, Bailey Peninsula
+AQ	-6448-06406	Antarctica/Palmer	Palmer
-AQ	-7824+10654	Antarctica/Vostok	Vostok Station, Lake Vostok
+AQ	-6734-06808	Antarctica/Rothera	Rothera
-AQ	-6640+14001	Antarctica/DumontDUrville	Dumont-d'Urville Station, Adélie Land
+AQ	-690022+0393524	Antarctica/Syowa	Syowa
-AQ	-690022+0393524	Antarctica/Syowa	Syowa Station, E Ongul I
+AQ	-720041+0023206	Antarctica/Troll	Troll
-AQ	-720041+0023206	Antarctica/Troll	Troll Station, Queen Maud Land
+AQ	-7824+10654	Antarctica/Vostok	Vostok
 AR	-3436-05827	America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires	Buenos Aires (BA, CF)
-AR	-3124-06411	America/Argentina/Cordoba	most locations (CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
+AR	-3124-06411	America/Argentina/Cordoba	Argentina (most areas: CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
-AR	-2447-06525	America/Argentina/Salta	(SA, LP, NQ, RN)
+AR	-2447-06525	America/Argentina/Salta	Salta (SA, LP, NQ, RN)
 AR	-2411-06518	America/Argentina/Jujuy	Jujuy (JY)
 AR	-2649-06513	America/Argentina/Tucuman	Tucumán (TM)
-AR	-2828-06547	America/Argentina/Catamarca	Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH)
+AR	-2828-06547	America/Argentina/Catamarca	Catamarca (CT); Chubut (CH)
 AR	-2926-06651	America/Argentina/La_Rioja	La Rioja (LR)
 AR	-3132-06831	America/Argentina/San_Juan	San Juan (SJ)
 AR	-3253-06849	America/Argentina/Mendoza	Mendoza (MZ)
@ -63,17 +63,17 @@ AS,UM	-1416-17042	Pacific/Pago_Pago	Samoa, Midway
 AT	+4813+01620	Europe/Vienna
 AU	-3133+15905	Australia/Lord_Howe	Lord Howe Island
 AU	-5430+15857	Antarctica/Macquarie	Macquarie Island
-AU	-4253+14719	Australia/Hobart	Tasmania - most locations
+AU	-4253+14719	Australia/Hobart	Tasmania (most areas)
-AU	-3956+14352	Australia/Currie	Tasmania - King Island
+AU	-3956+14352	Australia/Currie	Tasmania (King Island)
 AU	-3749+14458	Australia/Melbourne	Victoria
-AU	-3352+15113	Australia/Sydney	New South Wales - most locations
+AU	-3352+15113	Australia/Sydney	New South Wales (most areas)
-AU	-3157+14127	Australia/Broken_Hill	New South Wales - Yancowinna
+AU	-3157+14127	Australia/Broken_Hill	New South Wales (Yancowinna)
-AU	-2728+15302	Australia/Brisbane	Queensland - most locations
+AU	-2728+15302	Australia/Brisbane	Queensland (most areas)
-AU	-2016+14900	Australia/Lindeman	Queensland - Holiday Islands
+AU	-2016+14900	Australia/Lindeman	Queensland (Whitsunday Islands)
 AU	-3455+13835	Australia/Adelaide	South Australia
 AU	-1228+13050	Australia/Darwin	Northern Territory
-AU	-3157+11551	Australia/Perth	Western Australia - most locations
+AU	-3157+11551	Australia/Perth	Western Australia (most areas)
-AU	-3143+12852	Australia/Eucla	Western Australia - Eucla area
+AU	-3143+12852	Australia/Eucla	Western Australia (Eucla)
 AZ	+4023+04951	Asia/Baku
 BB	+1306-05937	America/Barbados
 BD	+2343+09025	Asia/Dhaka
@ -83,58 +83,58 @@ BM	+3217-06446	Atlantic/Bermuda
 BN	+0456+11455	Asia/Brunei
 BO	-1630-06809	America/La_Paz
 BR	-0351-03225	America/Noronha	Atlantic islands
-BR	-0127-04829	America/Belem	Amapá, E Pará
+BR	-0127-04829	America/Belem	Pará (east); Amapá
-BR	-0343-03830	America/Fortaleza	NE Brazil (MA, PI, CE, RN, PB)
+BR	-0343-03830	America/Fortaleza	Brazil (northeast: MA, PI, CE, RN, PB)
 BR	-0803-03454	America/Recife	Pernambuco
 BR	-0712-04812	America/Araguaina	Tocantins
 BR	-0940-03543	America/Maceio	Alagoas, Sergipe
 BR	-1259-03831	America/Bahia	Bahia
-BR	-2332-04637	America/Sao_Paulo	S & SE Brazil (GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS)
+BR	-2332-04637	America/Sao_Paulo	Brazil (southeast: GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS)
 BR	-2027-05437	America/Campo_Grande	Mato Grosso do Sul
 BR	-1535-05605	America/Cuiaba	Mato Grosso
-BR	-0226-05452	America/Santarem	W Pará
+BR	-0226-05452	America/Santarem	Pará (west)
 BR	-0846-06354	America/Porto_Velho	Rondônia
 BR	+0249-06040	America/Boa_Vista	Roraima
-BR	-0308-06001	America/Manaus	E Amazonas
+BR	-0308-06001	America/Manaus	Amazonas (east)
-BR	-0640-06952	America/Eirunepe	W Amazonas
+BR	-0640-06952	America/Eirunepe	Amazonas (west)
 BR	-0958-06748	America/Rio_Branco	Acre
 BS	+2505-07721	America/Nassau
 BT	+2728+08939	Asia/Thimphu
 BY	+5354+02734	Europe/Minsk
 BZ	+1730-08812	America/Belize
-CA	+4734-05243	America/St_Johns	Newfoundland Time, including SE Labrador
+CA	+4734-05243	America/St_Johns	Newfoundland; Labrador (southeast)
-CA	+4439-06336	America/Halifax	Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia (peninsula), PEI
+CA	+4439-06336	America/Halifax	Atlantic - NS (most areas); PE
-CA	+4612-05957	America/Glace_Bay	Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia (Cape Breton)
+CA	+4612-05957	America/Glace_Bay	Atlantic - NS (Cape Breton)
-CA	+4606-06447	America/Moncton	Atlantic Time - New Brunswick
+CA	+4606-06447	America/Moncton	Atlantic - New Brunswick
-CA	+5320-06025	America/Goose_Bay	Atlantic Time - Labrador - most locations
+CA	+5320-06025	America/Goose_Bay	Atlantic - Labrador (most areas)
-CA	+5125-05707	America/Blanc-Sablon	Atlantic Standard Time - Quebec - Lower North Shore
+CA	+5125-05707	America/Blanc-Sablon	AST - QC (Lower North Shore)
-CA	+4339-07923	America/Toronto	Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - most locations
+CA	+4339-07923	America/Toronto	Eastern - ON, QC (most areas)
-CA	+4901-08816	America/Nipigon	Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - places that did not observe DST 1967-1973
+CA	+4901-08816	America/Nipigon	Eastern - ON, QC (no DST 1967-73)
-CA	+4823-08915	America/Thunder_Bay	Eastern Time - Thunder Bay, Ontario
+CA	+4823-08915	America/Thunder_Bay	Eastern - ON (Thunder Bay)
-CA	+6344-06828	America/Iqaluit	Eastern Time - east Nunavut - most locations
+CA	+6344-06828	America/Iqaluit	Eastern - NU (most east areas)
-CA	+6608-06544	America/Pangnirtung	Eastern Time - Pangnirtung, Nunavut
+CA	+6608-06544	America/Pangnirtung	Eastern - NU (Pangnirtung)
-CA	+744144-0944945	America/Resolute	Central Time - Resolute, Nunavut
+CA	+484531-0913718	America/Atikokan	EST - ON (Atikokan); NU (Coral H)
-CA	+484531-0913718	America/Atikokan	Eastern Standard Time - Atikokan, Ontario and Southampton I, Nunavut
+CA	+4953-09709	America/Winnipeg	Central - ON (west); Manitoba
-CA	+624900-0920459	America/Rankin_Inlet	Central Time - central Nunavut
+CA	+4843-09434	America/Rainy_River	Central - ON (Rainy R, Ft Frances)
-CA	+4953-09709	America/Winnipeg	Central Time - Manitoba & west Ontario
+CA	+744144-0944945	America/Resolute	Central - NU (Resolute)
-CA	+4843-09434	America/Rainy_River	Central Time - Rainy River & Fort Frances, Ontario
+CA	+624900-0920459	America/Rankin_Inlet	Central - NU (central)
-CA	+5024-10439	America/Regina	Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - most locations
+CA	+5024-10439	America/Regina	CST - SK (most areas)
-CA	+5017-10750	America/Swift_Current	Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - midwest
+CA	+5017-10750	America/Swift_Current	CST - SK (midwest)
-CA	+5333-11328	America/Edmonton	Mountain Time - Alberta, east British Columbia & west Saskatchewan
+CA	+5333-11328	America/Edmonton	Mountain - AB; BC (E); SK (W)
-CA	+690650-1050310	America/Cambridge_Bay	Mountain Time - west Nunavut
+CA	+690650-1050310	America/Cambridge_Bay	Mountain - NU (west)
-CA	+6227-11421	America/Yellowknife	Mountain Time - central Northwest Territories
+CA	+6227-11421	America/Yellowknife	Mountain - NT (central)
-CA	+682059-1334300	America/Inuvik	Mountain Time - west Northwest Territories
+CA	+682059-1334300	America/Inuvik	Mountain - NT (west)
-CA	+4906-11631	America/Creston	Mountain Standard Time - Creston, British Columbia
+CA	+4906-11631	America/Creston	MST - BC (Creston)
-CA	+5946-12014	America/Dawson_Creek	Mountain Standard Time - Dawson Creek & Fort Saint John, British Columbia
+CA	+5946-12014	America/Dawson_Creek	MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John)
-CA	+5848-12242	America/Fort_Nelson	Mountain Standard Time - Fort Nelson, British Columbia
+CA	+5848-12242	America/Fort_Nelson	MST - BC (Ft Nelson)
-CA	+4916-12307	America/Vancouver	Pacific Time - west British Columbia
+CA	+4916-12307	America/Vancouver	Pacific - BC (most areas)
-CA	+6043-13503	America/Whitehorse	Pacific Time - south Yukon
+CA	+6043-13503	America/Whitehorse	Pacific - Yukon (south)
-CA	+6404-13925	America/Dawson	Pacific Time - north Yukon
+CA	+6404-13925	America/Dawson	Pacific - Yukon (north)
 CC	-1210+09655	Indian/Cocos
 CH,DE,LI	+4723+00832	Europe/Zurich	Swiss time
 CI,BF,GM,GN,ML,MR,SH,SL,SN,ST,TG	+0519-00402	Africa/Abidjan
 CK	-2114-15946	Pacific/Rarotonga
-CL	-3327-07040	America/Santiago	most locations
+CL	-3327-07040	America/Santiago	Chile (most areas)
 CL	-2709-10926	Pacific/Easter	Easter Island
 CN	+3114+12128	Asia/Shanghai	Beijing Time
 CN	+4348+08735	Asia/Urumqi	Xinjiang Time
@ -146,23 +146,23 @@ CW,AW,BQ,SX	+1211-06900	America/Curacao
 CX	-1025+10543	Indian/Christmas
 CY	+3510+03322	Asia/Nicosia
 CZ,SK	+5005+01426	Europe/Prague
-DE	+5230+01322	Europe/Berlin	Berlin time
+DE	+5230+01322	Europe/Berlin	Germany (most areas)
 DK	+5540+01235	Europe/Copenhagen
 DO	+1828-06954	America/Santo_Domingo
 DZ	+3647+00303	Africa/Algiers
-EC	-0210-07950	America/Guayaquil	mainland
+EC	-0210-07950	America/Guayaquil	Ecuador (mainland)
 EC	-0054-08936	Pacific/Galapagos	Galápagos Islands
 EE	+5925+02445	Europe/Tallinn
 EG	+3003+03115	Africa/Cairo
 EH	+2709-01312	Africa/El_Aaiun
-ES	+4024-00341	Europe/Madrid	mainland
+ES	+4024-00341	Europe/Madrid	Spain (mainland)
-ES	+3553-00519	Africa/Ceuta	Ceuta & Melilla
+ES	+3553-00519	Africa/Ceuta	Ceuta, Melilla
 ES	+2806-01524	Atlantic/Canary	Canary Islands
 FI,AX	+6010+02458	Europe/Helsinki
 FJ	-1808+17825	Pacific/Fiji
 FK	-5142-05751	Atlantic/Stanley
-FM	+0725+15147	Pacific/Chuuk	Chuuk (Truk) and Yap
+FM	+0725+15147	Pacific/Chuuk	Chuuk/Truk, Yap
-FM	+0658+15813	Pacific/Pohnpei	Pohnpei (Ponape)
+FM	+0658+15813	Pacific/Pohnpei	Pohnpei/Ponape
 FM	+0519+16259	Pacific/Kosrae	Kosrae
 FO	+6201-00646	Atlantic/Faroe
 FR	+4852+00220	Europe/Paris
@ -171,10 +171,10 @@ GE	+4143+04449	Asia/Tbilisi
 GF	+0456-05220	America/Cayenne
 GH	+0533-00013	Africa/Accra
 GI	+3608-00521	Europe/Gibraltar
-GL	+6411-05144	America/Godthab	most locations
+GL	+6411-05144	America/Godthab	Greenland (most areas)
-GL	+7646-01840	America/Danmarkshavn	east coast, north of Scoresbysund
+GL	+7646-01840	America/Danmarkshavn	National Park (east coast)
-GL	+7029-02158	America/Scoresbysund	Scoresbysund / Ittoqqortoormiit
+GL	+7029-02158	America/Scoresbysund	Scoresbysund/Ittoqqortoormiit
-GL	+7634-06847	America/Thule	Thule / Pituffik
+GL	+7634-06847	America/Thule	Thule/Pituffik
 GR	+3758+02343	Europe/Athens
 GS	-5416-03632	Atlantic/South_Georgia
 GT	+1438-09031	America/Guatemala
@ -185,10 +185,10 @@ HK	+2217+11409	Asia/Hong_Kong
 HN	+1406-08713	America/Tegucigalpa
 HT	+1832-07220	America/Port-au-Prince
 HU	+4730+01905	Europe/Budapest
-ID	-0610+10648	Asia/Jakarta	Java & Sumatra
+ID	-0610+10648	Asia/Jakarta	Java, Sumatra
-ID	-0002+10920	Asia/Pontianak	west & central Borneo
+ID	-0002+10920	Asia/Pontianak	Borneo (west, central)
-ID	-0507+11924	Asia/Makassar	east & south Borneo, Sulawesi (Celebes), Bali, Nusa Tengarra, west Timor
+ID	-0507+11924	Asia/Makassar	Borneo (east, south); Sulawesi/Celebes, Bali, Nusa Tengarra; Timor (west)
-ID	-0232+14042	Asia/Jayapura	west New Guinea (Irian Jaya) & Malukus (Moluccas)
+ID	-0232+14042	Asia/Jayapura	New Guinea (West Papua / Irian Jaya); Malukus/Moluccas
 IE	+5320-00615	Europe/Dublin
 IL	+314650+0351326	Asia/Jerusalem
 IN	+2232+08822	Asia/Kolkata
@ -207,11 +207,10 @@ KI	-0308-17105	Pacific/Enderbury	Phoenix Islands
 KI	+0152-15720	Pacific/Kiritimati	Line Islands
 KP	+3901+12545	Asia/Pyongyang
 KR	+3733+12658	Asia/Seoul
-KY	+1918-08123	America/Cayman
+KZ	+4315+07657	Asia/Almaty	Kazakhstan (most areas)
-KZ	+4315+07657	Asia/Almaty	most locations
+KZ	+4448+06528	Asia/Qyzylorda	Qyzylorda/Kyzylorda/Kzyl-Orda
-KZ	+4448+06528	Asia/Qyzylorda	Qyzylorda (Kyzylorda, Kzyl-Orda)
+KZ	+5017+05710	Asia/Aqtobe	Aqtobe/Aktobe
-KZ	+5017+05710	Asia/Aqtobe	Aqtobe (Aktobe)
+KZ	+4431+05016	Asia/Aqtau	Atyrau/Atirau/Gur'yev, Mangghystau/Mankistau
 KZ	+4431+05016	Asia/Aqtau	Atyrau (Atirau, Gur'yev), Mangghystau (Mankistau)
 KZ	+5113+05121	Asia/Oral	West Kazakhstan
 LB	+3353+03530	Asia/Beirut
 LK	+0656+07951	Asia/Colombo
@ -223,10 +222,10 @@ LY	+3254+01311	Africa/Tripoli
 MA	+3339-00735	Africa/Casablanca
 MC	+4342+00723	Europe/Monaco
 MD	+4700+02850	Europe/Chisinau
-MH	+0709+17112	Pacific/Majuro	most locations
+MH	+0709+17112	Pacific/Majuro	Marshall Islands (most areas)
 MH	+0905+16720	Pacific/Kwajalein	Kwajalein
-MM	+1647+09610	Asia/Rangoon
+MM	+1647+09610	Asia/Yangon
-MN	+4755+10653	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	most locations
+MN	+4755+10653	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	Mongolia (most areas)
 MN	+4801+09139	Asia/Hovd	Bayan-Ölgii, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan
 MN	+4804+11430	Asia/Choibalsan	Dornod, Sükhbaatar
 MO	+2214+11335	Asia/Macau
@ -234,25 +233,24 @@ MQ	+1436-06105	America/Martinique
 MT	+3554+01431	Europe/Malta
 MU	-2010+05730	Indian/Mauritius
 MV	+0410+07330	Indian/Maldives
-MX	+1924-09909	America/Mexico_City	Central Time - most locations
+MX	+1924-09909	America/Mexico_City	Central Time
 MX	+2105-08646	America/Cancun	Eastern Standard Time - Quintana Roo
 MX	+2058-08937	America/Merida	Central Time - Campeche, Yucatán
-MX	+2540-10019	America/Monterrey	Mexican Central Time - Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas away from US border
+MX	+2540-10019	America/Monterrey	Central Time - Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (most areas)
-MX	+2550-09730	America/Matamoros	US Central Time - Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas near US border
+MX	+2550-09730	America/Matamoros	Central Time US - Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (US border)
-MX	+2313-10625	America/Mazatlan	Mountain Time - S Baja, Nayarit, Sinaloa
+MX	+2313-10625	America/Mazatlan	Mountain Time - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
-MX	+2838-10605	America/Chihuahua	Mexican Mountain Time - Chihuahua away from US border
+MX	+2838-10605	America/Chihuahua	Mountain Time - Chihuahua (most areas)
-MX	+2934-10425	America/Ojinaga	US Mountain Time - Chihuahua near US border
+MX	+2934-10425	America/Ojinaga	Mountain Time US - Chihuahua (US border)
 MX	+2904-11058	America/Hermosillo	Mountain Standard Time - Sonora
-MX	+3232-11701	America/Tijuana	US Pacific Time - Baja California near US border
+MX	+3232-11701	America/Tijuana	Pacific Time US - Baja California
-MX	+3018-11452	America/Santa_Isabel	Mexican Pacific Time - Baja California away from US border
+MX	+2048-10515	America/Bahia_Banderas	Central Time - Bahía de Banderas
-MX	+2048-10515	America/Bahia_Banderas	Mexican Central Time - Bahía de Banderas
+MY	+0310+10142	Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	Malaysia (peninsula)
-MY	+0310+10142	Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	peninsular Malaysia
+MY	+0133+11020	Asia/Kuching	Sabah, Sarawak
-MY	+0133+11020	Asia/Kuching	Sabah & Sarawak
+MZ,BI,BW,CD,MW,RW,ZM,ZW	-2558+03235	Africa/Maputo	Central Africa Time
 MZ,BI,BW,CD,MW,RW,ZM,ZW	-2558+03235	Africa/Maputo	Central Africa Time (UTC+2)
 NA	-2234+01706	Africa/Windhoek
 NC	-2216+16627	Pacific/Noumea
 NF	-2903+16758	Pacific/Norfolk
-NG,AO,BJ,CD,CF,CG,CM,GA,GQ,NE	+0627+00324	Africa/Lagos	West Africa Time (UTC+1)
+NG,AO,BJ,CD,CF,CG,CM,GA,GQ,NE	+0627+00324	Africa/Lagos	West Africa Time
 NI	+1209-08617	America/Managua
 NL	+5222+00454	Europe/Amsterdam
 NO,SJ	+5955+01045	Europe/Oslo
@ -261,12 +259,12 @@ NR	-0031+16655	Pacific/Nauru
 NU	-1901-16955	Pacific/Niue
 NZ,AQ	-3652+17446	Pacific/Auckland	New Zealand time
 NZ	-4357-17633	Pacific/Chatham	Chatham Islands
-PA	+0858-07932	America/Panama
+PA,KY	+0858-07932	America/Panama
 PE	-1203-07703	America/Lima
 PF	-1732-14934	Pacific/Tahiti	Society Islands
 PF	-0900-13930	Pacific/Marquesas	Marquesas Islands
 PF	-2308-13457	Pacific/Gambier	Gambier Islands
-PG	-0930+14710	Pacific/Port_Moresby	most locations
+PG	-0930+14710	Pacific/Port_Moresby	Papua New Guinea (most areas)
 PG	-0613+15534	Pacific/Bougainville	Bougainville
 PH	+1435+12100	Asia/Manila
 PK	+2452+06703	Asia/Karachi
@ -276,36 +274,41 @@ PN	-2504-13005	Pacific/Pitcairn
 PR	+182806-0660622	America/Puerto_Rico
 PS	+3130+03428	Asia/Gaza	Gaza Strip
 PS	+313200+0350542	Asia/Hebron	West Bank
-PT	+3843-00908	Europe/Lisbon	mainland
+PT	+3843-00908	Europe/Lisbon	Portugal (mainland)
 PT	+3238-01654	Atlantic/Madeira	Madeira Islands
 PT	+3744-02540	Atlantic/Azores	Azores
 PW	+0720+13429	Pacific/Palau
 PY	-2516-05740	America/Asuncion
 QA,BH	+2517+05132	Asia/Qatar
-RE,TF	-2052+05528	Indian/Reunion	Réunion, Crozet Is, Scattered Is
+RE,TF	-2052+05528	Indian/Reunion	Réunion, Crozet, Scattered Islands
 RO	+4426+02606	Europe/Bucharest
 RS,BA,HR,ME,MK,SI	+4450+02030	Europe/Belgrade
-RU	+5443+02030	Europe/Kaliningrad	Moscow-01 - Kaliningrad
+RU	+5443+02030	Europe/Kaliningrad	MSK-01 - Kaliningrad
-RU	+554521+0373704	Europe/Moscow	Moscow+00 - west Russia
+RU	+554521+0373704	Europe/Moscow	MSK+00 - Moscow area
-RU	+4457+03406	Europe/Simferopol	Moscow+00 - Crimea
+RU	+4457+03406	Europe/Simferopol	MSK+00 - Crimea
-RU	+4844+04425	Europe/Volgograd	Moscow+00 - Caspian Sea
+RU	+4844+04425	Europe/Volgograd	MSK+00 - Volgograd, Saratov
-RU	+5312+05009	Europe/Samara	Moscow+00 (Moscow+01 after 2014-10-26) - Samara, Udmurtia
+RU	+5836+04939	Europe/Kirov	MSK+00 - Kirov
-RU	+5651+06036	Asia/Yekaterinburg	Moscow+02 - Urals
+RU	+4621+04803	Europe/Astrakhan	MSK+01 - Astrakhan
-RU	+5500+07324	Asia/Omsk	Moscow+03 - west Siberia
+RU	+5312+05009	Europe/Samara	MSK+01 - Samara, Udmurtia
-RU	+5502+08255	Asia/Novosibirsk	Moscow+03 - Novosibirsk
+RU	+5420+04824	Europe/Ulyanovsk	MSK+01 - Ulyanovsk
-RU	+5345+08707	Asia/Novokuznetsk	Moscow+03 (Moscow+04 after 2014-10-26) - Kemerovo
+RU	+5651+06036	Asia/Yekaterinburg	MSK+02 - Urals
-RU	+5601+09250	Asia/Krasnoyarsk	Moscow+04 - Yenisei River
+RU	+5500+07324	Asia/Omsk	MSK+03 - Omsk
-RU	+5216+10420	Asia/Irkutsk	Moscow+05 - Lake Baikal
+RU	+5502+08255	Asia/Novosibirsk	MSK+03 - Novosibirsk
-RU	+5203+11328	Asia/Chita	Moscow+06 (Moscow+05 after 2014-10-26) - Zabaykalsky
+RU	+5322+08345	Asia/Barnaul	MSK+04 - Altai
-RU	+6200+12940	Asia/Yakutsk	Moscow+06 - Lena River
+RU	+5630+08458	Asia/Tomsk	MSK+04 - Tomsk
-RU	+623923+1353314	Asia/Khandyga	Moscow+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky
+RU	+5345+08707	Asia/Novokuznetsk	MSK+04 - Kemerovo
-RU	+4310+13156	Asia/Vladivostok	Moscow+07 - Amur River
+RU	+5601+09250	Asia/Krasnoyarsk	MSK+04 - Krasnoyarsk area
-RU	+4658+14242	Asia/Sakhalin	Moscow+07 - Sakhalin Island
+RU	+5216+10420	Asia/Irkutsk	MSK+05 - Irkutsk, Buryatia
-RU	+643337+1431336	Asia/Ust-Nera	Moscow+07 - Oymyakonsky
+RU	+5203+11328	Asia/Chita	MSK+06 - Zabaykalsky
-RU	+5934+15048	Asia/Magadan	Moscow+08 (Moscow+07 after 2014-10-26) - Magadan
+RU	+6200+12940	Asia/Yakutsk	MSK+06 - Lena River
-RU	+6728+15343	Asia/Srednekolymsk	Moscow+08 - E Sakha, N Kuril Is
+RU	+623923+1353314	Asia/Khandyga	MSK+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky
-RU	+5301+15839	Asia/Kamchatka	Moscow+08 (Moscow+09 after 2014-10-26) - Kamchatka
+RU	+4310+13156	Asia/Vladivostok	MSK+07 - Amur River
-RU	+6445+17729	Asia/Anadyr	Moscow+08 (Moscow+09 after 2014-10-26) - Bering Sea
+RU	+643337+1431336	Asia/Ust-Nera	MSK+07 - Oymyakonsky
 RU	+5934+15048	Asia/Magadan	MSK+08 - Magadan
 RU	+4658+14242	Asia/Sakhalin	MSK+08 - Sakhalin Island
 RU	+6728+15343	Asia/Srednekolymsk	MSK+08 - Sakha (E); North Kuril Is
 RU	+5301+15839	Asia/Kamchatka	MSK+09 - Kamchatka
 RU	+6445+17729	Asia/Anadyr	MSK+09 - Bering Sea
 SA,KW,YE	+2438+04643	Asia/Riyadh
 SB	-0932+16012	Pacific/Guadalcanal
 SC	-0440+05528	Indian/Mahe
@ -317,8 +320,8 @@ SV	+1342-08912	America/El_Salvador
 SY	+3330+03618	Asia/Damascus
 TC	+2128-07108	America/Grand_Turk
 TD	+1207+01503	Africa/Ndjamena
-TF	-492110+0701303	Indian/Kerguelen	Kerguelen, St Paul I, Amsterdam I
+TF	-492110+0701303	Indian/Kerguelen	Kerguelen, St Paul Island, Amsterdam Island
-TH,KH,LA,VN	+1345+10031	Asia/Bangkok	most of Indochina
+TH,KH,LA,VN	+1345+10031	Asia/Bangkok	Indochina (most areas)
 TJ	+3835+06848	Asia/Dushanbe
 TK	-0922-17114	Pacific/Fakaofo
 TL	-0833+12535	Asia/Dili
@ -329,44 +332,44 @@ TR	+4101+02858	Europe/Istanbul
 TT,AG,AI,BL,DM,GD,GP,KN,LC,MF,MS,VC,VG,VI	+1039-06131	America/Port_of_Spain
 TV	-0831+17913	Pacific/Funafuti
 TW	+2503+12130	Asia/Taipei
-UA	+5026+03031	Europe/Kiev	most locations
+UA	+5026+03031	Europe/Kiev	Ukraine (most areas)
 UA	+4837+02218	Europe/Uzhgorod	Ruthenia
-UA	+4750+03510	Europe/Zaporozhye	Zaporozh'ye, E Lugansk / Zaporizhia, E Luhansk
+UA	+4750+03510	Europe/Zaporozhye	Zaporozh'ye/Zaporizhia; Lugansk/Luhansk (east)
 UM	+1917+16637	Pacific/Wake	Wake Island
-US	+404251-0740023	America/New_York	Eastern Time
+US	+404251-0740023	America/New_York	Eastern (most areas)
-US	+421953-0830245	America/Detroit	Eastern Time - Michigan - most locations
+US	+421953-0830245	America/Detroit	Eastern - MI (most areas)
-US	+381515-0854534	America/Kentucky/Louisville	Eastern Time - Kentucky - Louisville area
+US	+381515-0854534	America/Kentucky/Louisville	Eastern - KY (Louisville area)
-US	+364947-0845057	America/Kentucky/Monticello	Eastern Time - Kentucky - Wayne County
+US	+364947-0845057	America/Kentucky/Monticello	Eastern - KY (Wayne)
-US	+394606-0860929	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	Eastern Time - Indiana - most locations
+US	+394606-0860929	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	Eastern - IN (most areas)
-US	+384038-0873143	America/Indiana/Vincennes	Eastern Time - Indiana - Daviess, Dubois, Knox & Martin Counties
+US	+384038-0873143	America/Indiana/Vincennes	Eastern - IN (Da, Du, K, Mn)
-US	+410305-0863611	America/Indiana/Winamac	Eastern Time - Indiana - Pulaski County
+US	+410305-0863611	America/Indiana/Winamac	Eastern - IN (Pulaski)
-US	+382232-0862041	America/Indiana/Marengo	Eastern Time - Indiana - Crawford County
+US	+382232-0862041	America/Indiana/Marengo	Eastern - IN (Crawford)
-US	+382931-0871643	America/Indiana/Petersburg	Eastern Time - Indiana - Pike County
+US	+382931-0871643	America/Indiana/Petersburg	Eastern - IN (Pike)
-US	+384452-0850402	America/Indiana/Vevay	Eastern Time - Indiana - Switzerland County
+US	+384452-0850402	America/Indiana/Vevay	Eastern - IN (Switzerland)
-US	+415100-0873900	America/Chicago	Central Time
+US	+415100-0873900	America/Chicago	Central (most areas)
-US	+375711-0864541	America/Indiana/Tell_City	Central Time - Indiana - Perry County
+US	+375711-0864541	America/Indiana/Tell_City	Central - IN (Perry)
-US	+411745-0863730	America/Indiana/Knox	Central Time - Indiana - Starke County
+US	+411745-0863730	America/Indiana/Knox	Central - IN (Starke)
-US	+450628-0873651	America/Menominee	Central Time - Michigan - Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron & Menominee Counties
+US	+450628-0873651	America/Menominee	Central - MI (Wisconsin border)
-US	+470659-1011757	America/North_Dakota/Center	Central Time - North Dakota - Oliver County
+US	+470659-1011757	America/North_Dakota/Center	Central - ND (Oliver)
-US	+465042-1012439	America/North_Dakota/New_Salem	Central Time - North Dakota - Morton County (except Mandan area)
+US	+465042-1012439	America/North_Dakota/New_Salem	Central - ND (Morton rural)
-US	+471551-1014640	America/North_Dakota/Beulah	Central Time - North Dakota - Mercer County
+US	+471551-1014640	America/North_Dakota/Beulah	Central - ND (Mercer)
-US	+394421-1045903	America/Denver	Mountain Time
+US	+394421-1045903	America/Denver	Mountain (most areas)
-US	+433649-1161209	America/Boise	Mountain Time - south Idaho & east Oregon
+US	+433649-1161209	America/Boise	Mountain - ID (south); OR (east)
-US	+332654-1120424	America/Phoenix	Mountain Standard Time - Arizona (except Navajo)
+US	+332654-1120424	America/Phoenix	MST - Arizona (except Navajo)
-US	+340308-1181434	America/Los_Angeles	Pacific Time
+US	+340308-1181434	America/Los_Angeles	Pacific
-US	+550737-1313435	America/Metlakatla	Pacific Standard Time - Annette Island, Alaska
+US	+611305-1495401	America/Anchorage	Alaska (most areas)
-US	+611305-1495401	America/Anchorage	Alaska Time
+US	+581807-1342511	America/Juneau	Alaska - Juneau area
-US	+581807-1342511	America/Juneau	Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle
+US	+571035-1351807	America/Sitka	Alaska - Sitka area
-US	+571035-1351807	America/Sitka	Alaska Time - southeast Alaska panhandle
+US	+550737-1313435	America/Metlakatla	Alaska - Annette Island
-US	+593249-1394338	America/Yakutat	Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle neck
+US	+593249-1394338	America/Yakutat	Alaska - Yakutat
-US	+643004-1652423	America/Nome	Alaska Time - west Alaska
+US	+643004-1652423	America/Nome	Alaska (west)
 US	+515248-1763929	America/Adak	Aleutian Islands
-US,UM	+211825-1575130	Pacific/Honolulu	Hawaii time
+US,UM	+211825-1575130	Pacific/Honolulu	Hawaii
 UY	-3453-05611	America/Montevideo
-UZ	+3940+06648	Asia/Samarkand	west Uzbekistan
+UZ	+3940+06648	Asia/Samarkand	Uzbekistan (west)
-UZ	+4120+06918	Asia/Tashkent	east Uzbekistan
+UZ	+4120+06918	Asia/Tashkent	Uzbekistan (east)
 VE	+1030-06656	America/Caracas
-VN	+1045+10640	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	south Vietnam
+VN	+1045+10640	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	Vietnam (south)
 VU	-1740+16825	Pacific/Efate
 WF	-1318-17610	Pacific/Wallis
 WS	-1350-17144	Pacific/Apia