New timezone data.

Obtained from:	ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata2000d.tar.gz

share/zoneinfo/africa

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-# @(#)africa	7.26
+# @(#)africa	7.33
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1997-10-05):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-03-22):
 #
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
-# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
 #
-# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
@@ -24,8 +24,7 @@
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
-# Oxford University Press (1980).
 #
 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
@@ -208,7 +207,7 @@ Rule	Egypt	1989	only	-	May	 6	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	1990	1994	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
-Rule	Egypt	1995	max	-	Apr	Fri>=22	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	1995	max	-	Apr	lastFri	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	1995	max	-	Sep	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -295,8 +294,6 @@ Zone	Africa/Maseru	1:50:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
 # Shanks reports the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; go with Shanks.
 # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks reports -0:44, whereas Howse and Whitman
 # each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
-#
-# From Shanks, as corrected by Whitman:
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
 			-0:43:08 -	MMT	1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
@@ -321,18 +318,16 @@ Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Libya	1987	1990	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Libya	1990	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Libya	1996	only	-	Mar	30	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Libya	1996	only	-	Sep	30	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Libya	1997	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Libya	1997	only	-	Oct	 4	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920
 			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1959
 			2:00	-	EET	1982
-			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1991
+			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1990 May  4
-			2:00	-	EET	1996 Mar 30 3:00
+# The following entries are all from Shanks;
-			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1997 Oct  4 0:00
+# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
+			2:00	-	EET	1996 Sep 30
+			1:00	-	CET	1997 Apr  4
+			1:00	1:00	CEST	1997 Oct  4
 			2:00	-	EET
 
 # Madagascar
@@ -410,8 +405,8 @@ Zone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
 			2:00	-	CAT
 
 # Namibia
-# Shanks says DST transitions are at 0:00; go with IATA.
 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks.
+# Shanks reports no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
 # RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Namibia	1994	max	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Namibia	1995	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
@@ -443,10 +438,9 @@ Zone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun	# Saint-Denis
 #
 # Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
 # The following information about them is taken from
-# <a href="http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm">
+# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
-# Iles Eparses
+# no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
-# </a>
+# We have no info about their time zone histories.
-# (1997-07-22, in French).  We have no info about their time zone histories.
 #
 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
@@ -460,9 +454,6 @@ Zone	Africa/Kigali	2:00:16 -	LMT	1935 Jun
 			2:00	-	CAT
 
 # St Helena
-# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-05):
-# Shanks says St Helena was 1W26 (-0:05:44) from 1890 to 1951,
-# but this is most likely a typo for 5W42, the longitude of Jamestown.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1890		# Jamestown
 			-0:22:48 -	JMT	1951	# Jamestown Mean Time
@@ -470,7 +461,8 @@ Zone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1890		# Jamestown
 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
 #	Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
 #	Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
-#	Gough (scientific station since 1955): on GMT, says the CIA
+#	Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
+#		on GMT, says the CIA
 #	Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
 
 # Sao Tome and Principe
@@ -518,18 +510,19 @@ Rule	SA	1943	1944	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
 			1:30	-	SAST	1903 Mar
 			2:00	SA	SAST
-# Shanks erroneously claims that most of South Africa switched to 1:00
-# on 1994-04-03 at 00:00.
-#
 # Marion and Prince Edward Is
-# weather station since 1947
+# scientific station since 1947
 # no information
 
 # Sudan
-# From Michael Ross <mross@antigone.com> (1995-11-15):
+#
-# Sudan no longer observes any form of daylight time change.
+# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html">
-# I verified this today by telephone with the Sudan Mission to the
+# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
-# United Nations: 212-573-6033
+# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
+# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
+# Saturday....  This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
+# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
+#
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Sudan	1970	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Sudan	1970	1985	-	Oct	15	0:00	0	-
@@ -537,7 +530,8 @@ Rule	Sudan	1971	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Sudan	1972	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Khartoum	2:10:08 -	LMT	1931
-			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT
+			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT	2000 Jan 15 12:00
+			3:00	-	EAT
 
 # Swaziland
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

share/zoneinfo/antarctica

@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
-# @(#)antarctica	7.14
+# @(#)antarctica	7.18
 
-# From Paul Eggert (1997-03-28):
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
-# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round;
+# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
-# see
+# <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/">
-# <a href="http://earth.agu.org/amen/nations.html">
+# COMNAP - Stations and Bases
-# Antarctic Activities of Member Nations of the Antarctic Treaty (1996-05-24)
 # </a>
 # and
 # <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm">
-# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1996-09-05)
+# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
 # </a>
 # for information.
 # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
@@ -28,21 +27,36 @@ Rule	ArgAQ	1974	only	-	Jan	23	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	ArgAQ	1974	only	-	May	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	ArgAQ	1974	1976	-	Oct	Sun<=7	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	ArgAQ	1975	1977	-	Apr	Sun<=7	0:00	0	-
-Rule	ChileAQ	1969	max	-	Oct	Sun>=9	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	ChileAQ	1969	1997	-	Oct	Sun>=9	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	ChileAQ	1970	max	-	Mar	Sun>=9	0:00	0	-
+Rule	ChileAQ	1970	1998	-	Mar	Sun>=9	0:00	0	-
+Rule	ChileAQ	1998	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	ChileAQ	1999	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	0	-
+Rule	ChileAQ	1999	max	-	Oct	Sun>=9	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	ChileAQ	2000	max	-	Mar	Sun>=9	0:00	0	-
 
 
-# Argentina - 6 year-round bases
+# Argentina - year-round bases
-# General Belgrano II
+# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
-# 5 others
+# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
+# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
+# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
+# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
+# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21
+#	(except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
 
 # Australia - territories
 # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
+#	previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
+#	<a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
+#	Margaret Turner reports
+#	</a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
+#	presumably this is when they have visitors.
 #
 # year-round bases
-# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, since 1969
+# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969
-# Davis, Vestfold Hills, since 1957-01-13 (except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
+# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
-# Mawson, Holme Bay, since 1954-02-13
+#	(except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
+# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/Casey	0	-	___	1969
 			8:00	-	WST	# Western (Aus) Standard Time
@@ -66,15 +80,16 @@ Zone Antarctica/Mawson	0	-	___	1954 Feb 13
 # Brazil - year-round base
 # Ferraz, King George Island, since 1983/4
 
-# Chile - 4 year-round bases
+# Chile - year-round bases
+# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
+# Frei, King George Is, -6214-05848, since 1969
+# O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
+# Prat, -6230-05941
 
 # China - year-round bases
 # Great Wall, King George Island, since 1985-02-20
 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, since 1989-02-26
 
-# Finland - year-round base
-# Aboa, Queen Maud Land, since 1988
-
 # France - year-round bases
 #
 # From Antoine Leca <Antoine.Leca@Renault.FR> (1997-01-20):
@@ -89,16 +104,17 @@ Zone Antarctica/Mawson	0	-	___	1954 Feb 13
 # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
 # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964
 # Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
-#	a whaling and sealing station operated 1908-14, 1920-29, and 1951-56
+#	whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
 #
-# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited since 1931
+# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
+#	fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Indian/Kerguelen	0	-	___	1950	# Port-aux-Francais
 			5:00	-	TFT	# ISO code TF Time
 #
 # year-round base in the main continent
-# Dumont-d'Urville, Terre Adelie (Adelie Land), -6640+14001, since 1956-11
+# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
 #
 # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
@@ -123,6 +139,22 @@ Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 -	___	1947
 # Japan - year-round bases
 # Dome Fuji
 # Syowa
+#
+# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
+# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.  [See]
+# <a href="http://www.crl.go.jp/uk/uk201/basyo.htm">[reference in Japanese]</a>
+# and information from KAMO Hiroyasu <wd@ics.nara-wu.ac.jp>.
+#
+# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
+# was established on 1957-01-29.  Since Syowa station is still the main
+# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Antarctica/Syowa	0	-	___	1957 Jan 29
+			3:00	-	SYOT	# Syowa Time
+# See:
+# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html">
+# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
+# </a>
 
 # S Korea - year-round base
 # King Sejong, King George Island, since 1988
@@ -151,11 +183,11 @@ Rule	NZAQ	1990	max	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
 # Peter I Island (never inhabited)
 
 # Poland - year-round base
-# Arctowski, King George Island, since 1977
+# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
 
 # Russia - year-round bases
-# Bellingshausen, King George Island
+# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
-# Mirny
+# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
 # Molodezhnaya
 # Novolazarevskaya
 # Vostok
@@ -169,17 +201,20 @@ Rule	NZAQ	1990	max	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
 # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
 # South Orkney Islands
 #	scientific station from 1903
-#	whaling station at Signy I 1920-1926
+#	whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926
 # South Shetland Islands
-#	whaling station at Deception I 1912-1931
+#	whaling station at Deception I 1912/1931
-#	scientific station from 1943
+#	scientific station from 1943;
+#	previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,
+#	and a garrison was deployed briefly
 #
 # year-round bases
+# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
 # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-2619, since 1956-01-06
 # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
 
 # Uruguay - year round base
-# Artigas, King George Island
+# Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107
 
 # USA - year-round bases
 #

share/zoneinfo/asia

@@ -1,17 +1,16 @@
-# @(#)asia	7.41
+# @(#)asia	7.55
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-03-22):
 #
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
-# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
-# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
 #
-# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
@@ -25,8 +24,7 @@
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
-# Oxford University Press (1980).
 #
 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
@@ -79,23 +77,20 @@ Zone	Asia/Kabul	4:36:48 -	LMT	1890
 			4:30	-	AFT
 
 # Armenia
-# From Paul Eggert (1998-??-??):
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
 # Shanks has Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) in spring 1991,
-# but usno1995 has Armenia at 4:00 (with DST), and Edgar Der-Danieliantz
+# then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then readopting Russian DST in 1997.
+# Go with Shanks, even when he disagrees with others.  Edgar Der-Danieliantz
 # <edd@AIC.NET> reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995.  IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
-# What a mess!  We guess Yerevan DST stayed in sync with Moscow between 1990
-# and 1995, did not use DST in 1996, and started using DST again in 1997.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Yerevan	2:58:00 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			3:00	-	YERT	1957 Mar    # Yerevan Time
 			4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			3:00	1:00	YERST	1991 Sep 23 # independence
-			3:00	1:00	AMST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s # Armenia Time
+			3:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	1995 Sep 24 2:00s
-			3:00	-	AMT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	1996
 			4:00	-	AMT	1997
 			4:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT			
 
@@ -191,7 +186,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Phnom_Penh	6:59:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
 # Go with Shanks for now.  I made up names for the other pre-1980 time zones.
 
-# From Shanks (1995):
+# From Shanks:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Shang	1940	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Shang	1940	1941	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
@@ -239,15 +234,14 @@ Rule	HK	1979	1980	-	May	Sun>=8	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1979	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Hong_Kong	7:36:36 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30
-			8:00	HK	HK%sT	1997 Jul  1 # return to China
+			8:00	HK	HK%sT
-			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Taiwan
 
-# Shanks (1995) writes that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
+# Shanks writes that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
 # was still controlled by Japan.  This is hard to believe, but we don't
 # have any other information.
 
@@ -305,7 +299,7 @@ Rule	Cyprus	1981	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Nicosia	2:13:28 -	LMT	1921 Nov 14
 			2:00	Cyprus	EE%sT	1998 Sep
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT
+			2:00	EUAsia	EE%sT
 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
 
 # Georgia
@@ -331,6 +325,14 @@ Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:16 -	LMT	1880
 			4:00	1:00	GEST	1997 Mar lastSun
 			4:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT
 
+# East Timor
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1912
+			8:00	-	TPT	1942 Feb 21 23:00
+			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug
+			9:00	-	TPT	1976 May  3
+			8:00	-	TPT	# East Timor Time
+
 # India
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Calcutta	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880
@@ -347,7 +349,9 @@ Zone	Asia/Calcutta	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880
 # Indonesia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Asia/Jakarta	7:07:12 -	LMT	1867 Aug 10
-			7:07:12	-	JMT	1924 Jan  1 0:13 # Jakarta MT
+# Shanks says the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
+# but this must be a typo.
+			7:07:12	-	JMT	1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
 			7:20	-	JAVT	1932 Nov	 # Java Time
 			7:30	-	JAVT	1942 Mar 23
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug
@@ -366,10 +370,10 @@ Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
 			9:00	-	JAYT
 
 # Iran
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-12-17), following up a suggestion by Rich Wales:
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27), following up a suggestion by Rich Wales:
 # Ahmea Alavi in
 # <a href="http://tehran.stanford.edu/Iran_Lib/Calendar/taghveem.txt">
-# TAGHVEEM (1993-08-04)
+# TAGHVEEM (1993-07-12)
 # </a>
 # writes ``Daylight saving time in Iran starts from the first day
 # of Farvardin and ends the first day of Mehr.''  This disagrees with the SSIM:
@@ -383,6 +387,10 @@ Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
 #	1995	03-21	03-21	09-22!= 09-23
 #	1996	03-21!=	03-20	09-21!= 09-22
 #	1997	03-21	03-21	09-21!= 09-23
+#	1998	03-21	03-21	09-21!= 09-23
+#	1999	03-22!=	03-21	09-22!= 09-23
+#	2000	03-21!=	03-20	09-21!= 09-22
+#	2001	03-17!=	03-21	09-19!= 09-23
 #
 # Go with Alavi starting with 1992.
 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 19.34 to compute Persian dates.
@@ -456,6 +464,7 @@ Rule	Iraq	1984	1985	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iraq	1985	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	S
 Rule	Iraq	1986	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	D
 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
+# Shanks says Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997 or 1999 on; ignore this.
 Rule	Iraq	1991	max	-	Apr	 1	3:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Iraq	1991	max	-	Oct	 1	3:00s	0	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -473,7 +482,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Baghdad	2:57:40	-	LMT	1890
 # ISRAEL              2 H  AHEAD OF UTC
 # ISRAEL              3 H  AHEAD OF UTC  APR 10 - SEP 3
 
-# From Shanks (1995):
+# From Shanks:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	1940	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1942	1944	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
@@ -517,7 +526,7 @@ Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Apr	 9	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
 
 # From Ephraim Silverberg <ephraim@cs.huji.ac.il>
-# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16 and 1998-12-28):
+# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, and 2000-01-17):
 
 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
@@ -531,7 +540,11 @@ Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year.  Starting in 1999, the change to
 # daylight savings time will still be on a Friday morning but from
 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
-# will now also be on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST.
+# will now also be on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
+# 1999 only.  In the years from 2000 to 2002, the change back will be from
+# 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST the morning after the Jewish festival of
+# Shmini Atzeret (i.e. the morning of the 23rd of Tishrei in the lunar
+# Hebrew calendar).
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	1989	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
@@ -562,13 +575,12 @@ Rule	Zion	1995	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
 #   ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
 #
 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
-# The official announcement for the year 1997 can be viewed at:
 #
-#   ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1997.ps.gz
+# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
 #
-# The official announcement for the year 1998 can be viewed at:
+#   ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
 #
-#   ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1998.ps.gz
+#       where YYYY is the relevant year.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	1996	only	-	Mar	15	0:00	1:00	D
@@ -580,18 +592,29 @@ Rule	Zion	1998	only	-	Sep	 6	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1999	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1999	only	-	Sep	 3	2:00	0	S
 
-# Due to imminent elections in 1999, there are no dates for the year 2000
+# Minister of Interior, Natan Sharansky, has announced the dates for
-# and beyond.  There was a move to legislate the DST rules in Israel, but
+# the years 2000-2002.  However, sources inside the ministry have noted
-# due to the government's fall, it most likely won't be brought to the Knesset
+# that the end date of 2000 and both dates of 2001-2002 should be regarded
-# for first reading before the elections and will probably be altered by the
+# as tentative pending final approval.
-# newly elected government.
+#
+# The official announcement for the years 2000-2002 can be viewed at:
+#
+#	ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2002.ps.gz
 
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-01-30):
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-# Here are guesses for rules after 1999.
+Rule	Zion	2000	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2000	only	-	Oct	22	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2001	only	-	Apr	 6	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2001	only	-	Oct	10	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2002	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2002	only	-	Sep	29	2:00	0	S
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-17):
+# Here are guesses for rules after 2002.
 # They are probably wrong, but they are more likely than no DST at all.
 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
-Rule	Zion	2000	max	-	Apr	Fri>=1	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2003	max	-	Mar	Fri>=25	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	2000	max	-	Sep	Fri>=1	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2003	max	-	Oct	 1	2:00	0	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Jerusalem	2:20:56 -	LMT	1880
@@ -650,6 +673,20 @@ Zone	Asia/Tokyo	9:18:59	-	LMT	1887 Dec 31 15:00u
 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
 
 # Jordan
+#
+# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
+# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
+# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
+# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
+# all year round.
+#
+# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
+# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
+# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
+# by one hour.  This is the latest government decision and it's final!
+# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
+# government's departments from six to seven hours.
+#
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule    Jordan	1973	only	-	Jun	6	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule    Jordan	1973	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
@@ -668,9 +705,12 @@ Rule    Jordan	1991	only	-	Apr	17	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule    Jordan	1991	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	0	-
 Rule    Jordan	1992	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule    Jordan	1992	1993	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
-Rule    Jordan	1993	max	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule    Jordan	1993	1998	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule    Jordan	1994	only	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
-Rule    Jordan	1995	max	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00s	0	-
+Rule    Jordan	1995	1998	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Jordan	1999	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Jordan	1999	max	-	Sep	lastThu	0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Jordan	2000	max	-	Mar	lastThu	0:00s	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
 			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT
@@ -705,16 +745,17 @@ Zone	Asia/Aqtau	3:21:04	-	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Aktau
 			4:00 E-EurAsia	AQT%sT
 
 # Kirgizstan
+# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Kirgiz	1992	1996	-	Apr	Sun>=7	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Kirgiz	1991	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Kirgiz	1992	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Kirgiz	1997	max	-	Mar	lastSun	2:30	1:00	S
 Rule	Kirgiz	1997	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:30	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Bishkek	4:58:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			5:00	-	FRUT	1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
 			6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			5:00	1:00	FRUST	1991 Aug 31 # independence
+			5:00	1:00	FRUST	1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
 			5:00	Kirgiz	KG%sT		    # Kirgizstan Time
 
 ###############################################################################
@@ -726,7 +767,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Bishkek	4:58:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 # Daylight Savings Time was not observed until 1987.  He did not know
 # at what time of day DST starts or ends.
 
-# From Shanks (1995):
+# From Shanks:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	ROK	1960	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	ROK	1960	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
@@ -789,7 +830,8 @@ Rule	Lebanon	1989	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1990	1992	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1992	only	-	Oct	4	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1993	max	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Lebanon	1993	max	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Lebanon	1993	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Lebanon	1999	max	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Beirut	2:22:00 -	LMT	1880
 			2:00	Lebanon	EE%sT
@@ -821,31 +863,62 @@ Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880	# Male
 			5:00	-	MVT		# Maldives Time
 
 # Mongolia
+
 # Shanks says that Mongolia has three time zones, but usno1995 and the CIA map
 # Standard Time Zones of the World (1997-01)
-# </a>
 # both say that it has just one.
-# Let's comment out the western and eastern Mongolian time zones
+
-# till we know what their principal towns are.
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
+# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
+# General Information Mongolia
+# </a> (1999-09)
+# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
+# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
+# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
+# eight hours."
+
+# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
+# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
+# being the last year it was implemented.  The dates of implementation I am
+# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
+# of implementation may have been different....
+# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
+# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
+# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
+# For now, we'll comment out the east zone (Choybalsan)
+# and use Shanks's and the IATA's data for the daylight-saving rules.
+# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
+# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
+# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
+# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
+# is good enough for our purposes.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Mongol	1981	1984	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Mongol	1981	1984	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Mongol	1985	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Mongol	1985	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	0	-
-Rule	Mongol	1991	max	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Mongol	1991	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Mongol	1991	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Mongol	1996	only	-	Oct	Fri>=22	0:00	0	-
+# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says 1996-10-25; go with Shanks.
-Rule	Mongol	1997	max	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Mongol	1996	only	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Mongol	1997	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
+# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-#Zone	Asia/Dariv	6:14:32 -	LMT	1905 Aug
+Zone	Asia/Hovd	6:06:36 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-#			6:00	-	DART	1978	# Dariv Time
+			6:00	-	HOVT	1978	# Hovd Time
-#			7:00	Mongol	DAR%sT
+			7:00	Mongol	HOV%sT
-Zone	Asia/Ulan_Bator	7:07:32 -	LMT	1905 Aug
+Zone	Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-			7:00	-	ULAT	1978	# Ulan Bator Time
+			7:00	-	ULAT	1978	# Ulaanbaatar Time
 			8:00	Mongol	ULA%sT
-#Zone Asia/Baruun-Urt	7:33:00 -	LMT	1905 Aug
+# We're not sure about this entry yet, so we'll omit it for now.
-#			8:00	-	BART	1978	# Baruun-Urt Time
+#Zone Asia/Choybalsan	7:38:00 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-#			9:00	Mongol	BAR%sT
+#			8:00	-	CHOT	1978	# Choybalsan Time
+#			9:00	Mongol	CHO%sT	19??
+#			8:00	Mongol	ULA%sT
 
 # Nepal
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -931,7 +1004,17 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 # one-hour forward at this time.  As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
 
-# These rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
+# Daoud Kuttab writes in
+# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
+# Holiday havoc
+# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
+# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
+# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
+# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
+# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
+
+# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
@@ -939,18 +1022,23 @@ Rule EgyptAsia	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1959	1967	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
 Rule EgyptAsia	1966	only	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
+
+Rule Palestine	1999	max	-	Apr	Fri>=15	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule Palestine	1999	max	-	Oct	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Gaza	2:17:52	-	LMT	1900 Oct
 			2:00	Zion	EET	1948 May 15
 			2:00 EgyptAsia	EE%sT	1967 Jun  5
 			2:00	Zion	I%sT	1996
-			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT
+			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT	1999
+			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT
 
 # Paracel Is
 # no information
 
 # Philippines
-# Howse writes (p 162) that until 1844 the Philippines kept American date.
+# Howse writes (p 153) that until 1844 the Philippines kept American date.
 # The rest of this data is from Shanks.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Phil	1936	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	1:00	S
@@ -994,12 +1082,11 @@ Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:24 -	LMT	1880
 
 # Sri Lanka
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
-# <a href="http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html">
+# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
-# Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout (1996-05-24)
+# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
-# </a>
+# no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
-# Transitions before 1996 are from Shanks (1995).
 #
 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
 # by Shamindra in
@@ -1049,22 +1136,25 @@ Rule	Syria	1991	1992	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1992	only	-	Apr	 8	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1993	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1993	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	0	-
-# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says 1997-03-31; (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
+# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
-# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; ignore all these claims for now.
+# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
-Rule	Syria	1994	max	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
+# ignore all these claims and go with Shanks.
+Rule	Syria	1994	1996	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1994	max	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Syria	1997	1998	-	Mar	lastMon	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Syria	1999	max	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Damascus	2:25:12 -	LMT	1920
 			2:00	Syria	EE%sT
 
 # Tajikistan
-# From Shanks (1995), who writes ``date of change uncertain'' for 1991.
+# From Shanks.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dushanbe	4:35:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			5:00	-	DUST	1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
 			6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			5:00	1:00	DUSST	1991 Sep  9 # independence
+			5:00	1:00	DUSST	1991 Sep  9 2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	TJ%sT	1992
 			5:00	-	TJT		    # Tajikistan Time
 
 # Thailand
@@ -1074,16 +1164,13 @@ Zone	Asia/Bangkok	6:42:04	-	LMT	1880
 			7:00	-	ICT
 
 # Turkmenistan
-# From Shanks (1995):
+# From Shanks.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Ashkhabad	3:53:32 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ashgabat
 			4:00	-	ASHT	1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
-			5:00	-	ASHT	1981 Apr  1
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00
-			5:00	1:00	ASHST	1981 Oct  1
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991 Oct 27 # independence
-			6:00	-	ASHT	1982 Apr  1
+			4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991
-			5:00	-	ASHT	1991 Oct 27 # independence
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	TM%sT	1993	# Turkmenistan Time
 			5:00	-	TMT
 
 # United Arab Emirates
@@ -1092,22 +1179,21 @@ Zone	Asia/Dubai	3:41:12 -	LMT	1920
 			4:00	-	GST
 
 # Uzbekistan
-# From Shanks (1995):
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Samarkand	4:27:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			4:00	-	SAMT	1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
 			5:00	-	SAMT	1981 Apr  1
 			5:00	1:00	SAMST	1981 Oct  1
 			6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00 # Tashkent Time
-			5:00	-	TAST	1991 Sep  1 # independence
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Sep  1 # independence
-			5:00	-	UZT	1992
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1992
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1993
 			5:00	-	UZT
 Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			5:00	-	TAST	1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
 			6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			5:00	-	TAST	1991 Sep  1 # independence
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Sep  1 # independence
-			5:00	-	UZT	1992
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1992
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1993
 			5:00	-	UZT
 
@@ -1115,7 +1201,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
 # Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh, but it's too long.
 # We'll stick with the traditional name for now.
-# From Shanks (1991):
+# From Shanks:
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Saigon	7:06:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
 			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?

share/zoneinfo/australasia

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# @(#)australasia	7.45
+# @(#)australasia	7.56
 # This file also includes Pacific islands.
 
 # Notes are at the end of this file
@@ -8,27 +8,26 @@
 # Australia
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-# Shanks gives 1917 Jan 1 0:01; go with Whitman (and guess 2:00).
+Rule	Aus	1917	only	-	Jan	 1	0:01	1:00	-
-Rule	Aus	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Aus	1917	only	-	Mar	25	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Jan	 1	2:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Aus	1943	1944	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Aus	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00	1:00	-
-# Whitman says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944, and that
+# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
-# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944; go with Shanks.
+# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944.  Ignore Whitman's claim that
+# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Northern Territory
 Zone Australia/Darwin	 8:43:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			 9:00	-	CST	1899 May
-			 9:30	-	CST	1917 Jan 1 0:01
 			 9:30	Aus	CST
 # Western Australia
 Zone Australia/Perth	 7:43:24 -	LMT	1895 Dec
-			 8:00	-	WST	1917 Jan 1 0:01
+			 8:00	Aus	WST	1943 Jul
-			 8:00	Aus	WST	1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s
+			 8:00	-	WST	1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s
 			 8:00	1:00	WST	1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
 			 8:00	-	WST	1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s
 			 8:00	1:00	WST	1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
@@ -49,19 +48,18 @@ Zone Australia/Perth	 7:43:24 -	LMT	1895 Dec
 # so use Lindeman.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	AQ	1971	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AQ	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AQ	1989	1991	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AQ	1990	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Holiday	1989	1993	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	Holiday	1992	1993	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	Holiday	1990	1994	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	Holiday	1993	1994	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Zone Australia/Brisbane	10:12:08 -	LMT	1895
-			10:00	-	EST	1917 Jan 1 0:01
+			10:00	Aus	EST	1971
-			10:00	Aus	EST	1971 Oct lastSun 2:00s
-			10:00	1:00	EST	1972 Feb lastSun 2:00s
 			10:00	AQ	EST
 Zone Australia/Lindeman  9:55:56 -	LMT	1895
-			10:00	-	EST	1917 Jan 1 0:01
+			10:00	Aus	EST	1971
-			10:00	Aus	EST	1971 Oct lastSun 2:00s
+			10:00	AQ	EST	1992 Jul
-			10:00	1:00	EST	1972 Feb lastSun 2:00s
 			10:00	Holiday	EST
 
 # South Australia
@@ -78,47 +76,49 @@ Rule	AS	1995	max	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Adelaide	9:14:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			9:00	-	CST	1899 May
-			9:30	-	CST	1917 Jan 1 0:01
+			9:30	Aus	CST	1971
-			9:30	Aus	CST	1971 Oct lastSun 2:00s
 			9:30	AS	CST
 
 # Tasmania
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	AT	1967	only	-	Oct	1	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AT	1967	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AT	1968	only	-	Mar	31	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	AT	1968	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AT	1968	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AT	1969	1971	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AT	1972	only	-	Feb	27	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	AT	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AT	1973	1981	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AT	1982	1983	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AT	1984	1986	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AT	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AT	1986	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AT	1987	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AT	1987	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AT	1987	only	-	Oct	Sun>=22	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AT	1991	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AT	1988	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AT	1991	1999	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AT	1991	max	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	AT	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AT	2001	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Hobart	9:49:16	-	LMT	1895 Sep
-			10:00	-	EST	1917 Jan 1 0:01
+			10:00	-	EST	1916 Oct 1 2:00
-			10:00	Aus	EST	1967 Oct 1 2:00s
+			10:00	1:00	EST	1917 Feb
+			10:00	Aus	EST	1967
 			10:00	AT	EST
 
 # Victoria
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	AV	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AV	1972	only	-	Feb	27	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	AV	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AV	1973	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AV	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AV	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AV	1986	1987	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AV	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AV	1988	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AV	1991	1994	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AV	1995	max	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AV	2000	only	-	Aug	26	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AV	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AV	2001	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
-			10:00	-	EST	1917 Jan 1 0:01
+			10:00	Aus	EST	1971
-			10:00	Aus	EST	1971 Oct 31 2:00s
 			10:00	AV	EST
 
 # New South Wales
@@ -133,19 +133,18 @@ Rule	AN	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AN	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AN	1990	1995	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AN	1996	max	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AN	2000	only	-	Aug	26	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AN	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AN	2001	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Sydney	10:04:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
-			10:00	-	EST	1917 Jan 1 0:01
+			10:00	Aus	EST	1971
-			10:00	Aus	EST	1971 Oct 31 2:00s
 			10:00	AN	EST
 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			10:00	-	EST	1896 Aug 23
 			9:00	-	CST	1899 May
-			9:30	-	CST	1917 Jan 1 0:01
+			9:30	Aus	CST	1971
-			9:30	Aus	CST	1971 Oct 31 2:00s
+			9:30	AN	CST	2000
-			9:30	AN	CST
+			9:30	AS	CST
 
 # Lord Howe Island
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -154,9 +153,11 @@ Rule	LH	1982	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	LH	1985	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	0:30	-
 Rule	LH	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	LH	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	0:30	-
-Rule	LH	1987	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	0:30	-
+Rule	LH	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	0:30	-
 Rule	LH	1990	1995	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	LH	1996	max	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	LH	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	0:30	-
+Rule	LH	2001	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	0:30	-
 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			10:00	-	EST	1981 Mar
 			10:30	LH	LHST
@@ -165,7 +166,7 @@ Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 #
 # Ashmore Is, Cartier
 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
-# no information; probably like Australia/Perth
+# like Australia/Perth, says Turner
 #
 # Coral Sea Is
 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
@@ -173,11 +174,8 @@ Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 #
 # Macquarie
 # permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;
-# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888-1917
+# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917
-# no information
+# like Australia/Hobart, says Turner
-#
-# Manihiki, Penrhyn, Rakehanga
-# no information
 
 # Christmas
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -185,7 +183,7 @@ Zone Indian/Christmas	7:02:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			7:00	-	CXT	# Christmas Island Time
 
 # Cook Is
-# From Shanks (1995):
+# From Shanks:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Cook	1978	only	-	Nov	12	0:00	0:30	HS
 Rule	Cook	1979	1991	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
@@ -263,8 +261,9 @@ Zone Pacific/Truk	10:07:08 -	LMT	1901
 Zone Pacific/Ponape	10:32:52 -	LMT	1901		# Kolonia
 			11:00	-	PONT			# Ponape Time
 Zone Pacific/Kosrae	10:51:56 -	LMT	1901
-			11:00	-	PONT	1969 Oct
+			11:00	-	KOST	1969 Oct	# Kosrae Time
-			12:00	-	KOST			# Kosrae Time
+			12:00	-	KOST	1999
+			11:00	-	KOST
 
 # Nauru
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -279,6 +278,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Nauru	11:07:40 -	LMT	1921 Jan 15	# Uaobe
 Rule	NC	1977	1978	-	Dec	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	NC	1978	1979	-	Feb	27	0:00	0	-
 Rule	NC	1996	only	-	Dec	 1	2:00s	1:00	S
+# Shanks says the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
 Rule	NC	1997	only	-	Mar	 2	2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Noumea	11:05:48 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13
@@ -319,11 +319,13 @@ Zone Pacific/Chatham	12:45	Chatham	CHA%sT
 
 
 # Auckland Is
-# uninhabited
+# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
+# and scientific personnel have wintered
 
 # Campbell I
-# minor whaling stations operated 1909-14
+# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
-# scientific station operated 1941-1995
+# scientific station operated 1941/1995;
+# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland
 
 ###############################################################################
@@ -342,7 +344,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Norfolk	11:11:52 -	LMT	1901		# Kingston
 			11:12	-	NMT	1951	# Norfolk Mean Time
 			11:30	-	NFT		# Norfolk Time
 
-# Palau
+# Palau (Belau)
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Palau	8:57:56 -	LMT	1901		# Koror
 			9:00	-	PWT	# Palau Time
@@ -356,7 +358,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 -	LMT	1880
 # Pitcairn
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn	-8:40:20 -	LMT	1901		# Adamstown
-			-8:30	-	PNT	# Pitcairn Time
+			-8:30	-	PNT	1998 Apr 27 00:00
+			-8:00	-	PST	# Pitcairn Standard Time
 
 # American Samoa
 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago	 12:37:12 -	LMT	1879 Jul  5
@@ -384,10 +387,14 @@ Zone	Pacific/Fakaofo	-11:24:56 -	LMT	1901
 			-10:00	-	TKT	# Tokelau Time
 
 # Tonga
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Tonga	1999	max	-	Oct	Sat>=1	2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Tonga	2000	max	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu	12:19:20 -	LMT	1901
-			12:20	-	TOT	1968 Oct # Tonga Time
+			12:20	-	TOT	1941 # Tonga Time
-			13:00	-	TOT
+			13:00	-	TOT	1999
+			13:00	Tonga	TO%sT
 
 # Tuvalu
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -452,12 +459,12 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
-# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
 #
-# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
@@ -471,8 +478,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
-# Oxford University Press (1980).
 #
 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
@@ -489,6 +495,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 #	 12:45	CHAST CHADT Chatham*
 #	-11:00	SST	Samoa
 #	-10:00	HST	Hawaii
+#	- 8:00	PST	Pitcairn*
 #
 # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
 # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
@@ -497,6 +504,10 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 
 # Australia
 
+# <a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
+# Australia's Daylight Saving Times
+# </a>, by Margaret Turner, summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
+
 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
 # It is called `summer' time.  Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
@@ -540,7 +551,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
 # </a>
 # ACT
-# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
+# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
 # </a>
 # SA
@@ -593,6 +604,11 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
 # it matches what was used in the past.
 
+# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
+# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
+# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
+# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
+
 # Queensland
 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # #   The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
@@ -704,66 +720,29 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 
 # Tasmania
 
-# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
+# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
-# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
+# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
-# ...Tasmania will revert to Australian Eastern Standard Time on March 31...
-
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # #  The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
 # #					[ Nov 1990 ]
-# ...
-# Zone	Australia/Tasmania	10:00	AT	%sST
-# ...
-# Rule	AT	1967	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	AT	1968	only	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	0	E
-# Rule	AT	1968	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	AT	1969	1971	-	Mar	Sun>=8	3:00	0	E
-# Rule	AT	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	3:00	0	E
-# Rule	AT	1973	1981	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	E
-# Rule	AT	1982	1983	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	0	E
-# Rule	AT	1984	1986	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	E
-# Rule	AT	1986	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	AT	1987	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	3:00	0	E
-# Rule	AT	1987	only	-	Oct	Sun>=22	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	AT	1988	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	AT	1991	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	AT	1991	max	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	0	E
-
-# From Bill Hart via Alexander Dupuy and Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
-# My state Government in there eagerness to get a few more bucks for the
-# tourist industry industry decided to change the daylight savings times
-# yet again (we now have almost 6 months per year)...
-# ...
-# Rule  Oz      1986    1990    -       Oct     Sun<=24 2:00    1:00    -
-# Rule  Oz      1991    max     -       Oct     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    -
-# ...
-# Rule  Oz      1987    1990    -       Mar     Sun<=21 3:00    0       -
-# Rule  Oz      1991    max     -       Mar     Sun<=31 3:00    0       -
 
 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
 # (but nothing new about that).
 
+# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
+# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
+# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
+# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
+# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
+# instead of the first Sunday in October.
+
 # Victoria
 
-# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
+# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
-# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
+# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
-# ...Victoria...[has] agreed to end daylight saving at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
-
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # #   The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
 # #						[ Nov 1990 ]
-# ...
-# Zone	Australia/Victoria	10:00	AV	%sST
-# ...
-# Rule	AV	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	AV	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	3:00	0	E
-# Rule	AV	1973	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	E
-# Rule	AV	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	3:00	0	E
-# Rule	AV	1986	1987	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	AV	1988	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	AV	1991	max	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	E
 
 # New South Wales
 
@@ -778,42 +757,65 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 #	legislation.  This is very important to understand.
 #	I have researched New South Wales time only...
 
-# From Dave Davey (1990-03-03):
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
-# Rule	NSW	1988	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	-
+# The Information Service of the Australian National Standards Commission
-# Rule	NSW	1989	only	-	Mar	Sun<=21	3:00	0	-
+# <a href="http://www.nsc.gov.au/InfoServ/Ileaflet/il27.htm">
+# Daylight Saving
+# </a> page (1995-04) has an excellent overall history of Australian DST.
+# The Community Relations Division of the NSW Attorney General's Department
+# publishes a history of daylight saving in NSW.  See:
+# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2">
+# Lawlink NSW: Daylight Saving in New South Wales
+# </a>
 
-# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
+# From Eric Ulevik <eau@ozemail.com.au> (1999-05-26):
-# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
+# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
-# NSW...[has] agreed to end daylight saving at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
+# October in 2000.  [See: Matthew Moore,
+# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
+# Two months more daylight saving
+# </a>
+# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
 
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
-# # The state of NEW SOUTH WALES.. [confirmed by Attorney General's Dept N.S.W]
+# See the following official NSW source:
-# #					[ Dec 1990 ]
+# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
-# ...
+# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
-# Rule	 AN	1988	1989	-	Mar	Sun<=21	3:00	0	E
+# </a>
-# ...
+#
-
+# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
-# From John Mackin (1991-03-09)
+# daylight saving next year.  See:
-# I have confirmed the accuracy of the historical data for NSW in the
+# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">
-# file Robert forwarded
+# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
-
+# </a> (1999-07-22).  For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
-# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
+#
-# Sources differ on whether DST ended March 6 or March 20 in 1988;
+# Victoria will following NSW.  See:
-# March 20 (the "confirmed" date) is in the chosen rules.
+# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">
-
+# Vic to extend daylight saving
-# From Bradley White (1995-05-20):
+# </a> (1999-07-28).
-# Prem Bob Carr announced NSW will fall into line with other E states
+#
-# and SA and continue daylight savings to the last Sun in Mar.
+# However, South Australia rejected the DST request.  See:
-
+# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">
-# From Eric Ulevik <eau@ozemail.com.au> (1997-06-12):
+# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
-# The NSW state government in Australia is talking about bringing the start
+# </a> (1999-07-19).
-# of daylight savings time forward in the year 2000 to cater for the Olympics.
+#
-# This is going to take some time to be negotiated, because the plan is to do
+# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics.  See:
-# this in multiple states due to soccer games (which are not just in Sydney).
+# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">
+# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
+# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
+# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
+# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
+# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
+# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 
+# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
+#
+# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000.  See:
+# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">
+# Broken Hill to be behind the times
+# </a> (1999-07-21).
 
 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
-# Hill, and Victoria will be August 26, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
+# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
 
 # Yancowinna
 
@@ -844,16 +846,23 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
 # hour ahead of NSW time.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
+# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
-# For Lord Howe we use Shanks through 1991.
+# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
-# Lord Howe is part of NSW, so we'll guess it has used the same transition
+# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27).  For your information the
-# times as NSW since 1991, even though Shanks writes that Lord Howe went
+# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
-# with Victoria when NSW and Victoria disagreed in 1982.
+# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
+# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
+# instead of only 30 minutes.  Dependant on the wishes of residents
+# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
+# arrangements.  The starting date for summer time on the Island will
+# however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-31):
+# For Lord Howe we use Shanks through 1989, and Lonergan thereafter.
 
 ###############################################################################
 
-# New Zealand, from Elz' asia 1.1
+# New Zealand
-# Elz says "no guarantees"
 
 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
@@ -886,25 +895,29 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
-# Shanks gives no data for Chatham; usno1989 says it's +12:45,
+# Shanks gives no time data for Chatham; usno1989 says it's +12:45,
-# usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45, and IATA SSIM (1991/1996)
+# usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45, and IATA SSIM (1991/1999)
 # gives the NZ rules but with transitions at 2:45 local standard time.
-# Guess that they adopted DST in 1990.
+# Guess that they have been in lock-step with NZ since 1990.
 
 ###############################################################################
 
+
 # Fiji
 
-# Howse writes (p 162) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
+# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
-# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on +12:00.
+# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
-# Perhaps it didn't take.  We go with Shanks's more precise date in 1915.
+# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
 
 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28.  Each year the DST period will 
 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
+# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time.  Go with McDow.
+
 # From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):
 # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.  But correspondents say it
@@ -912,10 +925,12 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new
 # millenium.
 
+
 # Johnston
 
 # Johnston data is from usno1995.
 
+
 # Kiribati
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
@@ -923,6 +938,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
 
+
 # Kwajalein
 
 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
@@ -931,32 +947,160 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
 
+
 # N Mariana Is, Guam
 
-# Howse writes (p 162) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
+# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
 # Ignore this for now, as we have no hard data.  See also Asia/Manila.
 
+
 # Micronesia
 
 # Alan Eugene Davis <adavis@kuentos.guam.net> writes (1996-03-16),
 # ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
 #
-# Shanks writes that Truk switched from GMT+10 to GMT+11 on 1978-10-01;
+# Shanks writes that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 on 1978-10-01;
 # ignore this for now.
 
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
+# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
+# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html">
+# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
+# </a> (1999-01-26)
+# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
+# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
+
+
+# Pitcairn
+
+# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
+# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
+# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time.  The Proclamation is as follows.
+#
+#	The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
+#	Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
+#	as Pitcairn Standard Time.
+#
+# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
+# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
+# somehow in light of this proclamation.
+
+# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
+# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
+# ... at midnight.
+
+# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
+# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
+# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
+# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
+
+
 # Samoa
 
-# Howse writes that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
+# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
+# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
 # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
 # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
 
+
 # Tonga
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
+
+# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
+# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
+# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
+# </a>:
+
+# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
+# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT.  When New Zealand adjusted its
+# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
+# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
+# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
+# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
+#
+# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
+# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
+# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
+#
+# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
+# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
+# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
+# minutes we have lost?"
+#
+# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
+# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
+# to say your prayers in the morning."
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12):
+# Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
+
+# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
+# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
+# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
+# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
+# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
+# Government.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen [straen@thorsen.priv.no] (1999-09-09):
+# * Tonga will introduce DST in November
+# 
+# I was given this link by John Letts <johnletts@earthlink.net>:
+# <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
+# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
+# </a>
+# 
+# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
+# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
+# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
+# (12 + 1 hour DST).
+
+# From Arthur David Olson [arthur_david_olson@nih.gov] (1999-09-20):
+# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>
+# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
+# </a>:
+# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 
+# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 
+# third Saturday of April.  Under the system approved by Privy Council on 
+# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 
+# set back an hour on the closing date."
+# Alas, no indication of the time of day.
+
+# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
+# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
+# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
+
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# The International Date Line
+
+# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
+# 
+# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
+# convention, or treaty.  Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
+# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
+# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
+#
+# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
+# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
+# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
+# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati.  Even that line
+# has a rather arbitrary nature.  The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
+# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
+# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.
+#
+# An Anglo-French Conference on Time-Keeping at Sea (June, 1917) agreed that
+# legal time on the high seas would be zone time, i.e., the standard time at
+# the nearest meridian that is a multiple of fifteen degrees.  The date is
+# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
+# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC.  And, since the IDL is not
+# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
+# correct date is ambiguous.

share/zoneinfo/backward

@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
-# @(#)backward	7.15
+# @(#)backward	7.17
 
 # This file provides links between current names for time zones
 # and their old names.  Many names changed in late 1993.
 
 Link	America/Adak		America/Atka
+Link	America/Tijuana		America/Ensenada
 Link	America/Indianapolis	America/Fort_Wayne
 Link	America/Indiana/Knox	America/Knox_IN
 Link	America/St_Thomas	America/Virgin
 Link	Asia/Jerusalem		Asia/Tel_Aviv
+Link	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	Asia/Ulan_Bator
 Link	Australia/Sydney	Australia/ACT
 Link	Australia/Sydney	Australia/Canberra
 Link	Australia/Lord_Howe	Australia/LHI
@@ -38,6 +40,7 @@ Link	America/Havana		Cuba
 Link	Africa/Cairo		Egypt
 Link	Europe/Dublin		Eire
 Link	Europe/London		GB
+Link	Europe/London		GB-Eire
 Link	Etc/GMT+0		GMT+0
 Link	Etc/GMT-0		GMT-0
 Link	Etc/GMT0		GMT0

share/zoneinfo/iso3166.tab

@@ -1,19 +1,18 @@
 # ISO 3166 2-letter country codes
 #
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-09-03):
+# @(#)iso3166.tab	1.7
+#
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-13):
 #
 # This file contains a table with the following columns:
-# 1.  ISO 3166-1:1997 2-character country code.  See: 
+# 1.  ISO 3166-1:1999 2-character country code.  See:
+#	<a href="http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/codlstp1.html">
+#	ISO 3166-1: The Code List
+#	</a>.
 # 2.  The usual English name for the country,
 #	chosen so that alphabetic sorting of subsets produces helpful lists.
 #	This is not the same as the English name in the ISO 3166 tables.
 #
-# The PS code below has been reserved for Palestine by the ISO;
-# however, the code is not yet officially assigned to Palestine.  Please see
-# <a href="ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-erlangen.de/pub/doc/ISO/ISO-3166-background">
-# Cord Wischhoefer, Country Code Elements for Palestine (1996-07-24)
-# </a>.
-#
 # Columns are separated by a single tab.
 # The table is sorted by country code.
 #
@@ -93,7 +92,6 @@ FK	Falkland Islands
 FM	Micronesia
 FO	Faeroe Islands
 FR	France
-FX	France, Metropolitan
 GA	Gabon
 GB	Britain (UK)
 GD	Grenada
@@ -112,6 +110,7 @@ GT	Guatemala
 GU	Guam
 GW	Guinea-Bissau
 GY	Guyana
+HK	Hong Kong
 HM	Heard Island & McDonald Islands
 HN	Honduras
 HR	Croatia

share/zoneinfo/leapseconds

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-# @(#)leapseconds	7.11
+# @(#)leapseconds	7.12
 
 # Allowance for leapseconds added to each timezone file.
 
 # The International Earth Rotation Service periodically uses leap seconds
-# to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of TAI (atomic time); see
+# to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1
+# (which measures the true angular orientation of the earth in space); see
 # Terry J Quinn, The BIPM and the accurate measure of time,
 # Proc IEEE 79, 7 (July 1991), 894-905.
 # There were no leap seconds before 1972, because the official mechanism

share/zoneinfo/northamerica

@@ -1,19 +1,29 @@
-# @(#)northamerica	7.42
+# @(#)northamerica	7.51
 # also includes Central America and the Caribbean
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-08-17):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-03-22):
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
-# Oxford University Press (1980).
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # United States
 
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
+# Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
+# Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
+# Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
+# His pamphlet ``A System of National Time for Railroads'' (1870)
+# was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
+# in New York City (1869-10).  His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
+# but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
+# His proposal was adopted by the railroads on 1883-11-18 at 12:00,
+# and the most of the country soon followed suit.
+
 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
 # A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
 # Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
@@ -294,6 +304,11 @@ Zone America/Boise	-7:44:49 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:00
 
 # Indiana
 #
+# For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
+# <a href="http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html">
+# What time is it in Indiana?
+# </a> (1999-04-06)
+#
 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
 # Indiana generally observes either EST all year, or CST/CDT,
 # but areas near Cincinnati and Louisville use those cities' timekeeping
@@ -393,15 +408,38 @@ Zone America/Louisville	-5:43:02 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1974 Jan  6 2:00
 			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1974 Oct 27 2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
+# Wayne, Clinton, and Russell Counties, Kentucky
+# From
+# <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=99-26945-filed">
+# Federal Register Doc. 99-26945
+# </a> (1999-10-14 08:45-04)
+# In response to a petition by the Wayne County, Kentucky, Fiscal Court,
+# the Department of Transportation (DOT) proposed to move Wayne County,
+# Kentucky, from the Central Time Zone to the Eastern Time Zone.... Now
+# the earliest date that the proposed change might take effect is
+# October 29, 2000.
+#
+# From
+# <a href="http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml">
+# Lake Cumberland LIFE
+# </a> (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
+# Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
+# the Central to the Eastern time zone....  The Wayne County government made
+# the same request in December.  And while Russell County officials have not
+# taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
+# August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
+# The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
+# location in the Central time zone.
 
 # Michigan
 #
 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
-# Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885 Sep 18,
+# Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
-# but Howse (p 126) writes that Detroit kept
+# but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
+# that Detroit kept
 #
 #	local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
 #	be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time.  Half the
@@ -466,12 +504,12 @@ Link	Pacific/Honolulu	HST
 ################################################################################
 
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the US is
-# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
 #
-# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
@@ -520,7 +558,7 @@ Link	Pacific/Honolulu	HST
 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-11-22):
 # Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
 
-# The data for Canada are all from Shanks (1991).
+# The data for Canada are all from Shanks.
 
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -666,7 +704,7 @@ Zone America/Glace_Bay	-3:59:48 -	LMT	1902 Jun 15
 # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
 # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
 # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
-# For what it's worth, Shanks (1995) says that Atikokan has agreed with
+# For what it's worth, Shanks says that Atikokan has agreed with
 # Rainy River ever since standard time was introduced.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -838,7 +876,7 @@ Zone America/Edmonton	-7:33:52 -	LMT	1906 Sep
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
 # Shanks writes that since 1970 most of this region has been like Vancouver.
-# Dawswon Creek uses MST.  Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
+# Dawson Creek uses MST.  Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Vanc	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
@@ -859,11 +897,10 @@ Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 -	LMT	1884
 			-7:00	-	MST
 
 
-# Northwest Territories, Yukon
+# Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
 
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-10-07):
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
 # Dawson switched to PST in 1973.  Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
-# Shanks's table for Watson Lake is corrupted, so we have no data there.
 # Mathew Englander <mathew@io.org> (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
 #	* 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
 #	c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9.  This is still valid;
@@ -873,6 +910,56 @@ Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 -	LMT	1884
 #	* O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
 # Shanks says Yukon's 1973-10-28 switch was at 2:00; go with Englander.
 
+# From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
+# Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
+# <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html">
+# Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
+# </a>
+#
+# From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
+# We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
+# to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
+# <a href="http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html">
+# Basic Facts: The New Territory
+# </a> (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on Eastern time,
+# and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST.  We don't know when
+# Pangnirtung switched to Eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
+# We'll ignore the claim about Coral Harbour for now,
+# since we have no further info.
+
+# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
+# On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
+# Pangnirtung wobbled.  Here is the result of their wobble:
+#
+# The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
+#
+#	First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
+#	Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
+#
+# The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
+#
+#	Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
+#
+# This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
+# No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
+# change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
+# really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
+# They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
+# so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
+# The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
+# their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
+# the current state of affairs.
+
+# From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
+# <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html">
+# Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19)</a>:
+# Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
+# central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
+# for municipal offices and schools....  Igloolik [was similar but then]
+# made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	NT_YK	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	NT_YK	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
@@ -887,11 +974,17 @@ Rule	NT_YK	1980	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NT_YK	1987	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Pangnirtung -4:22:56 -	LMT	1884
-			-4:00	NT_YK	A%sT
+			-4:00	NT_YK	A%sT	1995 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
-Zone America/Iqaluit	-4:33:52 -	LMT	1884	# Frobisher Bay
+			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1999 Oct 31 2:00
-			-5:00	NT_YK	E%sT
+			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
+Zone America/Iqaluit	-4:33:52 -	LMT	1884 # Frobisher Bay before 1987
+			-5:00	NT_YK	E%sT	1999 Oct 31 2:00
+			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 Zone America/Rankin_Inlet -6:08:40 -	LMT	1884
 			-6:00	NT_YK	C%sT
+Zone America/Cambridge_Bay -7:00:20 -	LMT	1884
+			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1999 Oct 31 2:00
+			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 Zone America/Yellowknife -7:37:24 -	LMT	1884
 			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT
 Zone America/Inuvik	-8:54:00 -	LMT	1884
@@ -921,7 +1014,7 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # The Federal District (where Mexico City is) has observed [DST] several
 # times but not recently.
 #
-# I don't where to drawn the line in the North Baja area.  28th latitude
+# I don't where to draw the line in the North Baja area.  28th latitude
 # sounds good -- but it may be higher (how far [d]o radio stations from
 # San Diego affect culture?).
 #
@@ -956,37 +1049,33 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # a zone that's GMT-8 with DST; a zone that's always GMT-7;
 # a zone that's GMT-6 with DST; and a zone that's always GMT-6.
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
-# Shanks also says there are four zones, but disagrees about the fourth.
-# Instead of GMT-6 with DST, he says there's GMT-8 without DST.
-
 # From Alan Perry <alan.perry@eng.sun.com> (1996-02-15):
 # A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
 # outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
-# 
+#
 # ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
-# 
+#
 # I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the
 # rules for the DST changes. The rules are:
-# 
+#
 # 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones:
 #    - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
 #    - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
 #    - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
-#    
+#
 # 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
 #    at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
 #    BajaNorte: GMT+7
 #    BajaSur:   GMT+6
 #    General:   GMT+5
-#    
+#
 # 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
 #    BajaNorte: GMT+8
 #    BajaSur:   GMT+7
 #    General:   GMT+6
-#    
+#
 # The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
-# 
+#
 # -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
 # For an English translation of the decree, see
@@ -998,7 +1087,13 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
 # (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).
 
-# From Shanks (1991):
+# From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
+# Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
+# zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
+# savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
+# Arizona year round.
+
+# From Shanks:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Mexico	1939	only	-	Feb	5	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	1939	only	-	Jun	25	0:00	0	S
@@ -1011,12 +1106,11 @@ Rule	Mexico	1950	only	-	Jul	30	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	1996	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 #
-Rule	BajaN	1950	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	BajaN	1954	1961	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	BajaN	1950	1961	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
+Rule	BajaN	1954	1961	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	BajaN	1961	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Quintana Roo
-Zone America/Cancun	-5:47:04 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  1:12:42
+Zone America/Cancun	-5:47:04 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:12:56
 			-6:00	-	CST	1996
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	1997 Oct lastSun 2:00
 			-5:00	Mexico	E%sT	1998 Aug  2  2:00
@@ -1030,7 +1124,7 @@ Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:23:24
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Mar 30 23:00
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 # Chihuahua
-Zone America/Chihuahua	-7:04:20 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:55:44
+Zone America/Chihuahua	-7:04:20 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
@@ -1040,7 +1134,19 @@ Zone America/Chihuahua	-7:04:20 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:55:44
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	1998
 			-6:00	-	CST	1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT
-# S Baja California, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Sonora
+# Sonora
+Zone America/Hermosillo	-7:23:52 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
+			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
+			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
+			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
+			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
+			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Mar 30 23:00
+			-6:00	-	CST	1942 Apr
+			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
+			-8:00	-	PST	1970
+			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	1999
+			-7:00	-	MST
+# S Baja California, Nayarit, Sinaloa
 Zone America/Mazatlan	-7:05:40 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
@@ -1051,23 +1157,15 @@ Zone America/Mazatlan	-7:05:40 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
 			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
 			-8:00	-	PST	1970
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT
-# N Baja California
+# Baja California
 Zone America/Tijuana	-7:48:04 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:11:56
 			-8:00	-	PST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-7:00	-	MST	1930 Nov 16
 			-8:00	-	PST	1942 Apr
 			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
-			-8:00	BajaN	P%sT	1967 Apr lastSun 2:00
+			-8:00	BajaN	P%sT	1976
 			-8:00	US	P%sT	1996
 			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT
-# Baja California
-Zone America/Ensenada	-7:46:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:13:32
-			-8:00	-	PST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
-			-7:00	-	MST	1930 Nov 16
-			-8:00	-	PST	1942 Apr
-			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
-			-8:00	-	PST	1996
-			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT
 #
 # Revillagigedo Is
 # no information
@@ -1132,8 +1230,6 @@ Zone	America/Cayman	-5:25:32 -	LMT	1890		# Georgetown
 			-5:00	-	EST
 
 # Costa Rica
-# Shanks gives some very odd dates for 1991, and stops there.
-# For now, we won't guess further.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	CR	1979	1980	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	CR	1979	1980	-	Jun	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
@@ -1144,23 +1240,24 @@ Rule	CR	1992	only	-	Mar	15	0:00	0	S
 # There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use `Costa Rica'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:20 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
-			-5:36	-	SJMT	1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time
+			-5:36:20 -	SJMT	1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time
 			-6:00	CR	C%sT
 # Coco
 # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
 
 # Cuba
 
-# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
+# From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
-# . . .DST is from 2nd Sunday in May to 2nd Sunday in October since 1981.
+# The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
-# Change at midnight.  In 1979 & 1980, started at 3rd Sunday in March
+# the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
-# (I think).
+# the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC.
+# During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
+# "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
+# Time today."  (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
+# sleep on 1999-03-28--when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
+# to DST--and one more hour on 1999-04-04--when the announcers will have
+# returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
 
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
-# CUBA                5 H  BEHIND UTC
-# CUBA                4 H  BEHIND UTC    MAR 20 - OCT 8
-
-# From Shanks (1991):
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Cuba	1928	only	-	Jun	10	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1928	only	-	Oct	10	0:00	0	S
@@ -1188,13 +1285,13 @@ Rule	Cuba	1990	1997	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1991	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1996	only	-	Oct	 6	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1997	only	-	Oct	12	0:00s	0	S
-Rule	Cuba	1998	only	-	Mar	29	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Cuba	1998	1999	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1998	max	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00s	0	S
-Rule	Cuba	1999	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	Cuba	2000	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00s	1:00	D
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Havana	-5:29:28 -	LMT	1890
-			-5:30	-	HMT	1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
+			-5:29:36 -	HMT	1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
 			-5:00	Cuba	C%sT
 
 # Dominica
@@ -1252,7 +1349,7 @@ Zone America/Guatemala	-6:02:04 -	LMT	1918 Oct 5
 Rule	Haiti	1983	only	-	May	8	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	1984	1987	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	1983	1987	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
-# Shanks says AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says 1:00s.  Go with IATA.
+# Shanks says AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s.  Go with IATA.
 Rule	Haiti	1988	1997	-	Apr	Sun>=1	1:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	1988	1997	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -1276,11 +1373,11 @@ Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 -	LMT	1921 Apr
 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 # JAMAICA             5 H  BEHIND UTC
 
-# From Shanks (1991):
+# From Shanks:
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Jamaica	-5:07:12 -	LMT	1890		# Kingston
 			-5:07:12 -	KMT	1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
-			-5:00	-	EST	1974 Jan 6 2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	1974 Apr 28 2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1984
 			-5:00	-	EST
 

share/zoneinfo/southamerica

@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
-# @(#)southamerica	7.26
+# @(#)southamerica	7.35
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-07-07):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
-# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
 #
-# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
@@ -18,16 +18,6 @@
 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
 # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
 #
-# The following abbreviations are used in this file.
-# Corrections are welcome!
-#		std	dst
-#		LMT		Local Mean Time
-#	-2:00	FST	FDT	Fernando de Noronha
-#	-3:00	EST	EDT	Eastern Brazil
-#	-4:00	WST	WDT	Western Brazil
-#	-4:00	AST	ADT	Atlantic
-#	-5:00	AST	ADT	Acre
-#
 # Earlier editions of these tables used the North American style (e.g. ARST and
 # ARDT for Argentine Standard and Daylight Time), but the following quote
 # suggests that it's better to use European style (e.g. ART and ARST).
@@ -36,15 +26,24 @@
 #	in Europe and South America.
 #	-- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
 #	H L Mencken, _The American Language: Supplement I_ (1960), p 466
-
+#
-
+# Earlier editions of these tables also used the North American style
-# From Guy Harris:
+# for time zones in Brazil, but this was incorrect, as Brazilians say
-# From Official Airline Guide - Worldwide Edition (1987).  Countries not
+# "summer time".  Reinaldo Goulart, a Sao Paulo businessman active in
-# listed here do not observe DST, according to the OAG.  Time zone names
+# the railroad sector, writes (1999-07-06):
-# are pure inventions, and none are supplied for countries not observing
+#	The subject of time zones is currently a matter of discussion/debate in
-# DST; updates from natives would be appreciated.  The times that DST
+#	Brazil.  Let's say that "the Brasilia time" is considered the
-# starts and ends are based on the assumption that they switch a 2AM just
+#	"official time" because Brasilia is the capital city.
-# as everybody else does.
+#	The other three time zones are called "Brasilia time "minus one" or
+#	"plus one" or "plus two".  As far as I know there is no such
+#	name/designation as "Eastern Time" or "Central Time".
+# So I invented the following (English-language) abbreviations for now.
+# Corrections are welcome!
+#		std	dst
+#	-2:00	FNT	FNST	Fernando de Noronha
+#	-3:00	BRT	BRST	Brasilia
+#	-4:00	AMT	AMST	Amazon
+#	-5:00	ACT	ACST	Acre
 
 ###############################################################################
 
@@ -81,12 +80,12 @@ Rule	Arg	1963	only	-	Dec	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1964	1966	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1964	1966	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1967	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Arg	1967	1968	-	Oct	Sun<=7	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Arg	1967	1968	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Arg	1968	1969	-	Apr	Sun<=7	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Arg	1968	1969	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1974	only	-	Jan	23	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1974	only	-	May	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Arg	1974	1976	-	Oct	Sun<=7	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Arg	1974	1976	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Arg	1975	1977	-	Apr	Sun<=7	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Arg	1975	1977	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1985	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1986	only	-	Mar	14	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1986	1987	-	Oct	25	0:00	1:00	S
@@ -100,7 +99,7 @@ Rule	Arg	1988	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 # Talleres de Hidrografia Naval Argentina
 # (Argentine Naval Hydrography Institute)
 #
-# Shanks gives 1989 Mar 16 and stops after 1990 Mar 4; go with Otero.
+# Shanks stops after 1992-03-01; go with Otero.
 Rule	Arg	1989	1993	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1989	1992	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 #
@@ -109,6 +108,18 @@ Rule	Arg	1989	1992	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # time corrections was derogated and no more modifications
 # to the time zones (for daylight saving) are now made.
 #
+# From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
+# On October 3, 1999, 0:00 local, Argentina implemented daylight savings time,
+# which did not result in the switch of a time zone, as they stayed 9 hours
+# from the International Date Line.  On March 5, 2000, at 0:00 local time,
+# Argentina will come off daylight savings time, which will bring them to 8
+# hours from the International Date Line.
+#
+# From Peter Gradelski via Steffen Thorsen (2000-03-01):
+# We just checked with our San Paulo office and they say the government of
+# Argentina decided not to become one of the countries that go on or off DST.
+# So Buenos Aires should be -3 hours from GMT at all times.
+#
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 #
 # Buenos Aires (BA), Distrito Federal (DF), Santa Cruz (SC),
@@ -116,7 +127,7 @@ Rule	Arg	1989	1992	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 Zone America/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 -	LMT	1894 Nov
 			-4:16:44 -	CMT	1920 May    # Cordoba Mean Time
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct 5
+			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT
 #
 # Santa Fe (SF), Entre Rios (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN), Chaco (CC),
@@ -124,7 +135,7 @@ Zone America/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 -	LMT	1894 Nov
 Zone America/Rosario	-4:02:40 -	LMT	1894 Nov
 			-4:16:44 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct 5
+			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Jul
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
@@ -133,7 +144,7 @@ Zone America/Rosario	-4:02:40 -	LMT	1894 Nov
 Zone America/Cordoba	-4:16:44 -	LMT	1894 Nov
 			-4:16:44 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct 5
+			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1990 Jul
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
@@ -152,7 +163,7 @@ Zone America/Jujuy	-4:21:12 -	LMT	1894 Nov
 Zone America/Catamarca	-4:23:08 -	LMT	1894 Nov
 			-4:16:44 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct 5
+			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1990 Jul
 			-3:00	-	ART	1991 Jul
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1992 Jul
@@ -217,54 +228,32 @@ Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 # Maranhao (MA), Paraiba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piaui (PI), and Rio Grande do
 # Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Para (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
-# Let's make the following assumptions:
-#
-# * All data in Shanks are correct through 1990.  In particular,
-#   Shanks was right when he said Acre stopped observing DST in mid-1988.
-# * Areas where Shanks reports DST up to 1990, but the IATA reports no DST
-#   in 1995, stopped observing DST in mid-1990.
-#
-# Under these assumptions Brazil needs 7 entries to cover all the distinct
-# time zone histories since 1970:
-#
-# Noronha (UTC-2), Fortaleza (UTC-3), and Manaus (UTC-4) stopped observing DST
-#	in mid-1990.
-# Maceio (UTC-3) stopped observing DST in mid-1990, but started again mid-1995.
-# Sao Paulo (UTC-3) and Cuiaba (UTC-4) always observed DST.
-# Porto Acre (UTC-5) stopped observing DST in mid-1988.
-
-# From Rodrigo Feher <feher@pobox.com> (1998-01-17):
-# Reading "southamerica" file in timezone 7.55 I've found an
-# error. Line 193 say "Territory of Acre". It is not a territory anymore
-# but a state.
-
 # From Marcos Tadeu (1998-09-27):
 # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/verao1.html">
 # Brazilian official page
 # </a>
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (1998-09-28):
+# From Paul Eggert (1998-10-29):
 # The official decrees referenced below are taken from
 # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html">
 # Decretos sobre o Horario de Verao no Brasil
-# </a> (1998-09-25, in Portuguese).
+# </a> (1999-10-04, in Portuguese).
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV20466.htm">20,466</a> (1931-10-01)
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV21896.htm">21,896</a> (1932-01-10)
-Rule	Brazil	1931	only	-	Oct	 3	11:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1931	only	-	Oct	 3	11:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Brazil	1932	1933	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1932	1933	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Brazil	1932	only	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1932	only	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV23195.htm">23,195</a> (1933-10-10)
 # revoked DST.
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27496.htm">27,496</a> (1949-11-24)
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27998.htm">27,998</a> (1950-04-13)
-Rule	Brazil	1949	1952	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1949	1952	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Brazil	1950	only	-	Apr	16	 1:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1950	only	-	Apr	16	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Brazil	1951	1952	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1951	1952	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV32308.htm">32,308</a> (1953-02-24)
-Rule	Brazil	1953	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1953	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV34724.htm">34,724</a> (1953-11-30)
 # revoked DST.
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV52700.htm">52,700</a> (1963-10-18)
@@ -272,52 +261,52 @@ Rule	Brazil	1953	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	S
 # in SP, RJ, GB, MG, ES, due to the prolongation of the drought.
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53071.htm">53,071</a> (1963-12-03)
 # extended the above decree to all of the national territory on 12-09.
-Rule	Brazil	1963	only	-	Dec	 9	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1963	only	-	Dec	 9	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53604.htm">53,604</a> (1964-02-25)
 # extended summer time by one day to 1964-03-01 00:00 (start of school).
-Rule	Brazil	1964	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1964	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV55639.htm">55,639</a> (1965-01-27)
-Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Mar	31	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Mar	31	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57303.htm">57,303</a> (1965-11-22)
-Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57843.htm">57,843</a> (1966-02-18)
-Rule	Brazil	1966	1968	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1966	1968	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Brazil	1966	1967	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1966	1967	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV63429.htm">63,429</a> (1968-10-15)
 # revoked DST.
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV91698.htm">91,698</a> (1985-09-27)
-Rule	Brazil	1985	only	-	Nov	 2	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1985	only	-	Nov	 2	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 92,310 (1986-01-21)
 # Decree 92,463 (1986-03-13)
-Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Mar	15	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Mar	15	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 93,316 (1986-10-01)
-Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Feb	14	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Feb	14	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV94922.htm">94,922</a> (1987-09-22)
-Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Feb	 7	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Feb	 7	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV96676.htm">96,676</a> (1988-09-12)
 # except for the states of AC, AM, PA, RR, RO, and AP (then a territory)
-Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Oct	16	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Oct	16	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Jan	29	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Jan	29	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV98077.htm">98,077</a> (1989-08-21)
 # with the same exceptions
-Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Oct	15	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Oct	15	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV99530.htm">99,530</a> (1990-09-17)
 # adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, GO, MS, DF.
 # Decree 99,629 (1990-10-19) adds BA, MT.
-Rule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Feb	17	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Feb	17	 0:00	0	-
 # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1991.htm">Unnumbered decree</a> (1991-09-25)
 # adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, BA, GO, MT, MS, DF.
-Rule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Oct	20	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Oct	20	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Feb	 9	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Feb	 9	 0:00	0	-
 # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1992.htm">Unnumbered decree</a> (1992-10-16)
 # adopted by same states.
-Rule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Brazil	1993	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1993	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV942.htm">942</a> (1993-09-28)
 # adopted by same states, plus AM.
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1252.htm">1,252</a> (1994-09-22)
@@ -326,13 +315,13 @@ Rule	Brazil	1993	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	0	S
 # adopted by same states, plus TO.
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1674.htm">1,674</a> (1995-10-13)
 # adds AL, SE.
-Rule	Brazil	1993	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=11	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1993	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=11	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Brazil	1994	1995	-	Feb	Sun>=15	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1994	1995	-	Feb	Sun>=15	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV2000.htm">2,000</a> (1996-09-04)
 # adopted by same states, minus AL, SE.
-Rule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Feb	16	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Feb	16	 0:00	0	-
 # From Daniel C. Sobral <dcs@gns.com.br> (1998-02-12):
 # In 1997, the DS began on October 6. The stated reason was that
 # because international television networks ignored Brazil's policy on DS,
@@ -347,81 +336,94 @@ Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Feb	16	 0:00	0	S
 # Church Net UK (1997-10-02).
 #
 # Decree 2,317 (1997-09-04), adopted by same states.
-Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV2495.JPG">2,495</a>
 # (1998-02-10)
-Rule	Brazil	1998	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1998	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/Hv98.jpg">2,780</a> (1998-09-11)
-# adopted by the same states as before,
+# adopted by the same states as before.
-# specifies only the 1998-10-11 and 1999-02-21 transitions;
+Rule	Brazil	1998	only	-	Oct	11	 0:00	1:00	S
-# after that, these rules are guesses and are quite possibly wrong,
+Rule	Brazil	1999	only	-	Feb	21	 0:00	0	-
-# but they are more likely than no DST at all.
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3150.gif">3,150</a>
-Rule	Brazil	1998	max	-	Oct	Sun>=8	 0:00	1:00	D
+# (1999-08-23) adopted by same states.
-Rule	Brazil	1999	max	-	Feb	Sun>=15	 0:00	0	S
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV99.gif">3,188</a> (1999-09-30)
+# adds SE, AL, PE, PR, RN, CE, PI, MA and RR.
+# These give only one year's rules.  After that, the rules are guesses
+# and are quite possibly wrong, but are more likely than no DST at all.
+Rule	Brazil	1999	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Brazil	2000	max	-	Feb	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 #
 # Fernando de Noronha
 Zone America/Noronha	-2:09:40 -	LMT	1914
-			-2:00	Brazil	F%sT	1990 Jul
+			-2:00	Brazil	FN%sT	1990 Sep 17
-			-2:00	-	FST
+			-2:00	-	FNT
 #
-# Amapa, east Para
+# Amapa (AP), east Para (PA)
 Zone America/Belem	-3:13:56 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	E%sT	1988 Jul
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1988 Sep 12
-			-3:00	-	EST
+			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
-# Maranhao, Piaui, Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraiba,
+# Maranhao (MA), Piaui (PI), Ceara (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
-# Pernambuco (except Fernando de Noronha)
+# Paraiba (PB), Pernambuco (PE) (except Fernando de Noronha)
 Zone America/Fortaleza	-2:34:00 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	E%sT	1990 Jul
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
-			-3:00	-	EST
+			-3:00	-	BRT	1999 Sep 30
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT
 #
-# Tocantins
+# Tocantins (TO)
 Zone America/Araguaina	-3:12:48 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	E%sT	1990 Jul
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
-			-3:00	-	EST	1995 Jul
+			-3:00	-	BRT	1995 Sep 14
-			-3:00	Brazil	E%sT
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT
 #
-# Alagoas, Sergipe
+# Alagoas (AL), Sergipe (SE)
 Zone America/Maceio	-2:22:52 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	E%sT	1990 Jul
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
-			-3:00	-	EST	1995 Jul
+			-3:00	-	BRT	1995 Oct 13
-			-3:00	Brazil	E%sT	1996 Jul
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1996 Sep  4
-			-3:00	-	EST
+			-3:00	-	BRT	1999 Sep 30
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT
 #
-# Bahia, Goias, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro,
+# Bahia (BA), Goias (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
-# Sao Paulo, Parana, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul
+# Espirito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Sao Paulo (SP), Parana (PR),
+# Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS)
 Zone America/Sao_Paulo	-3:06:28 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	E%sT	1963 Oct 23 00:00
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1963 Oct 23 00:00
-			-3:00	-	EDT	1964
+			-3:00	1:00	BRST	1964
-			-3:00	Brazil	E%sT
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT
 #
 # Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul
 Zone America/Cuiaba	-3:44:20 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	W%sT	1990 Jul
+			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT
-			-4:00	-	WST
 #
-# Roraima, west Para, Rondonia
+# west Para (PA), Rondonia (RO)
 Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	W%sT	1988 Jul
+			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
-			-4:00	-	WST
+			-4:00	-	AMT
 #
-# Amazonas
+# Roraima (RR)
+Zone America/Boa_Vista	-4:02:40 -	LMT	1914
+			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
+			-4:00	-	AMT	1999 Sep 30
+			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT
+#
+# Amazonas (AM)
 Zone America/Manaus	-4:00:04 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	W%sT	1988 Jul
+			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
-			-4:00	-	WST	1993 Jul
+			-4:00	-	AMT	1993 Sep 28
-			-4:00	Brazil	W%sT	1994 Jul
+			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1994 Sep 22
-			-4:00	-	WST
+			-4:00	-	AMT
 #
-# Acre
+# Acre (AC)
 # Rio_Branco is too ambiguous, since there's a Rio Branco in Uruguay too.
 Zone America/Porto_Acre	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
-			-5:00	Brazil	A%sT	1988 Jul
+			-5:00	Brazil	AC%sT	1988 Sep 12
-			-5:00	-	AST
+			-5:00	-	ACT
 #
-# Martin Vaz and Trinidade are like America/Noronha.
+# Martin Vaz and Trindade are like America/Noronha.
 
 
 # Chile
@@ -434,17 +436,23 @@ Zone America/Porto_Acre	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 # DST earlier (saturday 9/26 at 24:00). This is a one-time change only ...
 # (unless there's another dry season next year, I guess).
 
+# From Julio I. Pacheco Troncoso (1999-03-18):
+# Because of the same drought, the government decided to end DST later,
+# on April 3, (one-time change).
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Chile	1918	only	-	Sep	1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Chile	1918	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Chile	1919	only	-	Jul	2	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Chile	1919	only	-	Jul	 2	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Chile	1927	1931	-	Sep	1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Chile	1927	1931	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Chile	1928	1932	-	Apr	1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Chile	1928	1932	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1969	1997	-	Oct	Sun>=9	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Chile	1970	max	-	Mar	Sun>=9	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Chile	1970	1998	-	Mar	Sun>=9	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1998	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Chile	1999	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1999	max	-	Oct	Sun>=9	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Chile	2000	max	-	Mar	Sun>=9	0:00	0	-
 # IATA SSIM anomalies: (1990-09) says 1990-09-16; (1992-02) says 1992-03-14;
-# (1996-09) says 1998-03-08.  Ignore these for now.
+# (1996-09) says 1998-03-08.  Ignore these.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Santiago	-4:42:40 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:42:40 -	SMT	1910	    # Santiago Mean Time
@@ -461,9 +469,10 @@ Zone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:28 -	LMT	1890	    # Mataveri
 
 
 # Colombia
+# Shanks specifies 24:00 for 1992 transition times; go with IATA,
+# as it seems implausible to change clocks at midnight New Year's Eve.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	CO	1992	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	S
-# Shanks (1995) estimates 1993-04-03 24:00 for this; go with IATA.
 Rule	CO	1992	only	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Bogota	-4:56:20 -	LMT	1884 Mar 13
@@ -473,7 +482,7 @@ Zone	America/Bogota	-4:56:20 -	LMT	1884 Mar 13
 # no information; probably like America/Bogota
 
 # Curacao
-# Shanks (1995) says that Bottom and Oranjestad have been at -4:00 since
+# Shanks says that Bottom and Oranjestad have been at -4:00 since
 # standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that Kralendijk and Rincon
 # used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01.
 # This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though.
@@ -527,22 +536,14 @@ Zone	America/Guyana	-3:52:40 -	LMT	1915 Mar	# Georgetown
 			-4:00	-	GYT
 
 # Paraguay
-
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
-# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
+# Shanks (1999) says that spring transitions are from 01:00 -> 02:00,
-# Paraguay: First day in October to last in March.  Midnight switch??
+# and autumn transitions are from 00:00 -> 23:00.  Go with earlier
-# Since 1980.
+# editions of Shanks, and with the IATA, who say transitions occur at 00:00.
-
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
-# PARAGUAY            4 H  BEHIND UTC
-# PARAGUAY            3 H  BEHIND UTC    OCT 1, '88-MAR 31, '89
-
-# From Shanks (1991):
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Para	1975	1978	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Para	1975	1988	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1975	1978	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
-# Shanks says 1979 was all DST.
+Rule	Para	1979	1991	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Para	1980	1991	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Para	1980	1988	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1989	only	-	Oct	22	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1990	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1991	only	-	Oct	 6	0:00	1:00	S
@@ -551,9 +552,16 @@ Rule	Para	1992	only	-	Oct	 5	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1993	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Para	1993	1995	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1994	1995	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Para	1996	1998	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Para	1996	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Para	1996	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
+# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Mar 1; go with Shanks.
+Rule	Para	1997	only	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Para	1998	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Para	1996	1998	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
+# IATA SSIM (1999-02) says lastSat, not lastSun; (1999-09) reports no date;
+# go with Shanks.
 Rule	Para	1999	max	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	0	-
+# IATA SSIM (2000-02) says 1999-10-10.
+Rule	Para	1999	max	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Asuncion	-3:50:40 -	LMT	1890
 			-3:50:40 -	AMT	1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time
@@ -571,8 +579,9 @@ Rule	Peru	1987	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Peru	1987	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Peru	1990	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Peru	1990	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Peru	1993	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+# IATA is ambiguous for 1993/1995; go with Shanks.
-Rule	Peru	1993	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Peru	1994	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Peru	1994	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Lima	-5:08:12 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:09	-	LMT	1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time
@@ -584,7 +593,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 -	LMT	1890		# Grytviken
 			-2:00	-	GST	# South Georgia Time
 
 # South Sandwich Is
-# uninhabited
+# uninhabited; scientific personnel have wintered
 
 # Suriname
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -603,7 +612,7 @@ Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
 # Uruguay
 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
 # Uruguay wins the prize for the strangest peacetime manipulation of the rules.
-# From Shanks (1991):
+# From Shanks:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # Whitman gives 1923 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Uruguay	1923	only	-	Oct	 2	 0:00	0:30	HS
@@ -645,10 +654,10 @@ Rule	Uruguay	1988	only	-	Mar	14	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1988	only	-	Dec	11	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1989	only	-	Mar	12	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1989	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	1:00	S
+# Shanks says no DST was observed in 1990/1 and 1991/2,
+# and that 1992/3's DST was from 10-25 to 03-01.  Go with IATA.
 Rule	Uruguay	1990	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1990	1991	-	Oct	Sun>=21	 0:00	1:00	S
-# Shanks's 4th edition (1995) says no DST was observed in 1990/1 and 1991/2,
-# and that 1992/3's DST was from 10-25 to 03-01.  Go with IATA.
 Rule	Uruguay	1992	only	-	Oct	18	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1993	only	-	Feb	28	 0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

share/zoneinfo/zone.tab

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# @(#)zone.tab	1.18
+#
 # TZ zone descriptions
 #
 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-08-05):
@@ -36,6 +38,7 @@ AQ	-6736+06253	Antarctica/Mawson	Mawson Station, Holme Bay
 AQ	-6835+07758	Antarctica/Davis	Davis Station, Vestfold Hills
 AQ	-6617+11031	Antarctica/Casey	Casey Station, Bailey Peninsula
 AQ	-6640+14001	Antarctica/DumontDUrville	Dumont-d'Urville Base, Terre Adelie
+AQ	-690022+0393524	Antarctica/Syowa	Syowa Station, E Ongul I
 AR	-3436-05827	America/Buenos_Aires	E Argentina (BA, DF, SC, TF)
 AR	-3257-06040	America/Rosario	NE Argentina (SF, ER, CN, MN, CC, FM, LP, CH)
 AR	-3124-06411	America/Cordoba	W Argentina (CB, SA, TM, LR, SJ, SL, NQ, RN)
@@ -75,7 +78,8 @@ BR	-0712-04812	America/Araguaina	Tocantins
 BR	-0940-03543	America/Maceio	Alagoas, Sergipe
 BR	-2332-04637	America/Sao_Paulo	S & SE Brazil (BA, GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS)
 BR	-1535-05605	America/Cuiaba	Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul
-BR	-0846-06354	America/Porto_Velho	W Para, Rondonia, Roraima
+BR	-0846-06354	America/Porto_Velho	W Para, Rondonia
+BR	+0249-06040	America/Boa_Vista	Roraima
 BR	-0308-06001	America/Manaus	Amazonas
 BR	-0934-06731	America/Porto_Acre	Acre
 BS	+2505-07721	America/Nassau
@@ -87,14 +91,15 @@ CA	+4734-05243	America/St_Johns	Newfoundland Island
 CA	+4439-06336	America/Halifax	Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia (most places), NB, W Labrador, E Quebec & PEI
 CA	+4612-05957	America/Glace_Bay	Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia - places that did not observe DST 1966-1971
 CA	+5320-06025	America/Goose_Bay	Atlantic Time - E Labrador
-CA	+6608-06544	America/Pangnirtung	Atlantic Time - Northwest Territories
 CA	+4531-07334	America/Montreal	Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - most locations
 CA	+4901-08816	America/Nipigon	Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - places that did not observe DST 1967-1973
 CA	+4823-08915	America/Thunder_Bay	Eastern Time - Thunder Bay, Ontario
-CA	+6344-06828	America/Iqaluit	Eastern Time - Northwest Territories
 CA	+4953-09709	America/Winnipeg	Central Time - Manitoba & west Ontario
 CA	+4843-09429	America/Rainy_River	Central Time - Rainy River & Fort Frances, Ontario
-CA	+6245-09210	America/Rankin_Inlet	Central Time - Northwest Territories
+CA	+6608-06544	America/Pangnirtung	Central Time - Pangnirtung, Nunavut
+CA	+6344-06828	America/Iqaluit	Central Time - east Nunavut
+CA	+6245-09210	America/Rankin_Inlet	Central Time - central Nunavut
+CA	+6903-10505	America/Cambridge_Bay	Central Time - west Nunavut
 CA	+5024-10439	America/Regina	Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - most locations
 CA	+5017-10750	America/Swift_Current	Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - midwest
 CA	+5333-11328	America/Edmonton	Mountain Time - Alberta, east British Columbia & west Saskatchewan
@@ -117,7 +122,6 @@ CL	-2710-10927	Pacific/Easter	Easter Island
 CM	+0403+00942	Africa/Douala
 CN	+4545+12641	Asia/Harbin	north Manchuria
 CN	+3114+12128	Asia/Shanghai	China coast
-CN	+2217+11409	Asia/Hong_Kong	Hong Kong
 CN	+2934+10635	Asia/Chungking	China mountains
 CN	+4348+08735	Asia/Urumqi	Tibet & Xinjiang
 CN	+3929+07559	Asia/Kashgar	Eastern Turkestan
@@ -174,6 +178,7 @@ GT	+1438-09031	America/Guatemala
 GU	+1328+14445	Pacific/Guam
 GW	+1151-01535	Africa/Bissau
 GY	+0648-05810	America/Guyana
+HK	+2217+11409	Asia/Hong_Kong
 HN	+1406-08713	America/Tegucigalpa
 HR	+4548+01558	Europe/Zagreb
 HT	+1832-07220	America/Port-au-Prince
@@ -220,7 +225,8 @@ LV	+5657+02406	Europe/Riga
 LY	+3254+01311	Africa/Tripoli
 MA	+3339-00735	Africa/Casablanca
 MC	+4342+00723	Europe/Monaco
-MD	+4700+02850	Europe/Chisinau
+MD	+4700+02850	Europe/Chisinau	most locations
+MD	+4651+02938	Europe/Tiraspol	Transdniestria
 MG	-1855+04731	Indian/Antananarivo
 MH	+0709+17112	Pacific/Majuro	most locations
 MH	+0905+16720	Pacific/Kwajalein	Kwajalein
@@ -228,7 +234,8 @@ MK	+4159+02126	Europe/Skopje
 ML	+1239-00800	Africa/Bamako	southwest Mali
 ML	+1446-00301	Africa/Timbuktu	northeast Mali
 MM	+1647+09610	Asia/Rangoon
-MN	+4755+10653	Asia/Ulan_Bator
+MN	+4755+10653	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	most locations
+MN	+4801+09139	Asia/Hovd	Bayan-Olgiy, Hovd, Uvs
 MO	+2214+11335	Asia/Macao
 MP	+1512+14545	Pacific/Saipan
 MQ	+1436-06105	America/Martinique
@@ -238,12 +245,12 @@ MT	+3554+01431	Europe/Malta
 MU	-2010+05730	Indian/Mauritius
 MV	+0410+07330	Indian/Maldives
 MW	-1547+03500	Africa/Blantyre
-MX	+2105-08646	America/Cancun	Eastern Time
+MX	+1924-09909	America/Mexico_City	Central Time - most locations
-MX	+1924-09909	America/Mexico_City	Central Time
+MX	+2105-08646	America/Cancun	Central Time - Quintana Roo
-MX	+2313-10625	America/Mazatlan	Mountain Time - most locations
+MX	+2313-10625	America/Mazatlan	Mountain Time - S Baja, Nayarit, Sinaloa
 MX	+2838-10605	America/Chihuahua	Mountain Time - Chihuahua
-MX	+3152-11637	America/Ensenada	Pacific Time - most locations
+MX	+2904-11058	America/Hermosillo	Mountain Standard Time - Sonora
-MX	+3232-11701	America/Tijuana	Pacific Time - north Baja California
+MX	+3232-11701	America/Tijuana	Pacific Time
 MY	+0310+10142	Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	peninsular Malaysia
 MY	+0133+11020	Asia/Kuching	Sabah & Sarawak
 MZ	-2558+03235	Africa/Maputo
@@ -326,13 +333,16 @@ TK	-0922-17114	Pacific/Fakaofo
 TM	+3757+05823	Asia/Ashkhabad
 TN	+3648+01011	Africa/Tunis
 TO	-2110+17510	Pacific/Tongatapu
+TP	-0833+12535	Asia/Dili
 TR	+4101+02858	Europe/Istanbul
 TT	+1039-06131	America/Port_of_Spain
 TV	-0831+17913	Pacific/Funafuti
 TW	+2503+12130	Asia/Taipei
 TZ	-0648+03917	Africa/Dar_es_Salaam
 UA	+5026+03031	Europe/Kiev	most locations
-UA	+4457+03406	Europe/Simferopol	Crimea
+UA	+4837+02218	Europe/Uzhgorod	Ruthenia
+UA	+4750+03510	Europe/Zaporozhye	Zaporozh'ye, E Lugansk
+UA	+4457+03406	Europe/Simferopol	central Crimea
 UG	+0019+03225	Africa/Kampala
 UM	+1700-16830	Pacific/Johnston	Johnston Atoll
 UM	+2813-17722	Pacific/Midway	Midway Islands