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pseudo-device -> device in kernel config lines. Removed whitespace at EOL.

Browse Source 
Reviewed by:	joerg, dd
This commit is contained in:
Jens Schweikhardt 2001-05-01 09:15:30 +00:00
parent 3858e5e797
commit ec09ef4ff8
Notes: svn2git 2020-12-20 02:59:44 +00:00 
svn path=/head/; revision=76175
28 changed files with 361 additions and 361 deletions
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2
share/examples/drivers/make_pseudo_driver.sh
View File

@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ grep -v GENERIC < GENERIC >>${UPPER}
cat >>${UPPER} <<DONE
# trust me, you'll need this
options DDB
pseudo-device ${1} 4 # might as well allow 4 of them
device ${1} 4 # might as well allow 4 of them
DONE
cat >../../dev/${1}.c <<DONE

170
share/examples/isdn/FAQ
View File

@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Contents:
1. How do I get started with synchronous PPP (sPPP) ?
2. does anyone know a software that can receive/send fax over ISDN ?
3. does i4b callback only work with setups where the remote end
3. does i4b callback only work with setups where the remote end
returns a busy ?
4. trouble with kernel options IPFIREWALL and IPDIVERT and natd
5. I want to use -r with isdnd but it does not work
@ -51,68 +51,68 @@ Contents:
entries should have been automatically made in /sys/conf/files for you.
For NetBSD it isn't quite as simple since NetBSD/install-netbsd.sh does
not do it for you.
Then all you need to do is put an entry like this:
pseudo-device "i4bisppp" 4
device "i4bisppp" 4
into your kernel configuration file (if it's not already there) and
generate and boot the new kernel. The above line will give you 4
sPPP interfaces - isp0 to isp3.
Then just modify /etc/isdn/isdnd.rc (see the example in etc-isdn/isdnd.rc)
to suit your needs (telephone numbers, etc).
The next step is to read the ispppcontrol man page and then to look at
etc/rc.isdn-PPP. ispppcontrol is a very important component in getting
sPPP working correctly and the ispppcontrol lines in your /etc/rc.isdn
must be correct.
In my experience there are two things which can cause problems:
1) the authproto line has to agree with what your ISP desires. In
general I've found that it's best to have something like this -
ispppcontrol <interface> myauthproto={pap,chap} myauthname=<AuthName>
myauthsecret=<AuthSecret> hisauthproto=none callin
The "hisauthproto=none" is usually needed because the ISP does not want
to authorise himself to you; he expects you to authorize yourself to him !
I once forgot to set hisauthproto and it took me quite a while to figure
out why I couldn't connect.
2) the IP address at your ISP's end must be correct.
How can I find out (1) whether my ISP wants pap or chap and (2) what his
IP address is ? you might ask. Generally, your ISP should have provide
this information to you. But, if he didn't, or you've mislayed the
documentation (as I did), there's still hope.
Fortunately, J"org Wunsch implemented the sPPP kernel code so that it
provides all the information required if the interface is configured
with the debug flag set (e.g. ``ifconfig isp0 debug''). It's just a
little cryptic.
By the way, I suggest turning the debug flag on until you have things
working and then turning it off. The debug output is rather voluminous
and could fill up your /var partition, otherwise.
The debug output will appear on the console and also be logged to
/var/log/messages (under FreeBSD) unless you changed /etc/syslog.conf.
A. How to figure out the authproto
----------------------------------
Here is an example where I configured isp0 with myauthproto=pap, my
ISP wanted chap, but was willing to accept pap:
/kernel: isp0: lcp up(starting)
/kernel: isp0: lcp output <conf-req id=0x7 len=10 5-6-34-e4-30-5a>
/kernel: isp0: lcp input(req-sent): <conf-req id=0x1 len=30 0-4-0-0-1-4-5-
f4-3-5-c2-23-5-11-4-5-f4-13-9-3-0-c0-7b-6e-fe-b5>
^^^^^
|___ c223 is chap, it's what the ISP wants to use
/kernel: isp0: lcp parse opts: 0x0 [rej] mru auth-proto 0x11 [rej]
x13 [rej] send conf-rej (I didn't agree)
/kernel: isp0: lcp output <conf-rej id=0x1 len=21 0-4-0-0-11-4-5-f4-13-9-3-
@ -126,17 +126,17 @@ Contents:
/kernel: isp0: lcp output <conf-nak id=0x2 len=9 3-5-c0-23-5>
^^^^^
|___ c023 is pap
/kernel: isp0: lcp input(ack-rcvd): <conf-req id=0x3 len=12 1-4-5-f4-3-4-
c0-23> (he agrees to use pap)
/kernel: isp0: lcp parse opts: mru auth-proto
/kernel: isp0: lcp parse opt values: mru 1524 auth-proto send conf-ack
/kernel: isp0: lcp output <conf-ack id=0x3 len=12 1-4-5-f4-3-4-c0-23>
he agrees to use pap ___|^^^^^
so, if you have problems in the lcp phase, check which authentication method
your ISP wants to use. Usually chap is prefered, but pap will be accepted.
B. How to figure out the ISP's IP address
-----------------------------------------
@ -146,28 +146,28 @@ Contents:
Jan Riedinger writes:
---------------------
>I further think Gary should mention
>I further think Gary should mention
>in the FAQ in the section "B. How to figure out the ISP's IP address
>that it isn't normaly necessary to do it because of the auto
>that it isn't normaly necessary to do it because of the auto
>address negotiation.
Gary answers:
-------------
I think you're right. I wrote that stuff before the support for
I think you're right. I wrote that stuff before the support for
negotiation of the IPS's address was added to if_spppsubr.c.
======================================================================
I also intentionally configured the interface with the wrong address for
my ISP, like this:
ifconfig isp0 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.1 debug link1
this means that I want the ISP to assign me an address (the 0.0.0.0) and
that I expect him to use 10.0.0.1 (which is wrong). Here's the result:
(note that these addresses have been changed by me)
/kernel: isp0: phase network
/kernel: isp0: ipcp open(initial)
/kernel: isp0: ipcp up(starting)
@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ Contents:
/kernel: isp0: ipcp nak opts: address [wantaddr 12.34.56.78] [agree]
^^^^^
|___ he assigns me this
/kernel: isp0: ipcp output <conf-req id=0xa len=10 3-6-c3-b4-eb-63>
/kernel: isp0: ipcp input(req-sent): <conf-req id=0x2 len=10 3-6-62-4c-36-20>
/kernel: isp0: ipcp parse opts: address
@ -191,16 +191,16 @@ Contents:
/kernel: isp0: ipcp output <conf-nak id=0x2 len=10 3-6-a-0-0-1>
I expect a different address and (incorrectly) reject what he wants.
I tell him that I expect 10.0.0.1. After this the connection fails.
Anyway, I now know that his address is really 98.76.54.32 and can use
it to correctly configure the interface.
With the correct IP address I shoulkd now be able to connect with no
problems. As stated above, the authorization protocol is normally not
so important since most ISPs are willing to use pap, although chap is
more secure. Generally, I'd try chap first and only switch to pap if
the ISP doesn't accept it.
(by Gary Jennejohn, Home - garyj@muc.de, Work - garyj@fkr.dec.com)
@ -209,12 +209,12 @@ Contents:
================================================================================
> Hi,
>
>
> does anyone know a software that can receive/send fax over ISDN? I am
> using a Fritz!Card, which can handle group 3 (analogous) fax, but I
> can't find any hint in the i4b software that this is supported in any
> way.
This is probably not implemented.
Implementing G3 fax in ISDN would mean simulating an analog modem
@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ which you had to run FFT analysis on and then interpret.
In addition you have to do this in realtime, to be able to deal with
the timing involved in the fax protocol, something neither
FreeBSD or Linux is good at in their native form..
FreeBSD or Linux is good at in their native form..
A third point is that a software simulated faxmodem usually does not
work well. I tested Teles software faxmodem in Win-95 towards an Ericsson V34
@ -259,14 +259,14 @@ a configurable time and the calls back. Information on who has called and
who is to be called back relies on the ISDN calling party number information
and stuff statically configured in the routers (or isnd's) configuration.
The other type of callback (not supported by i4b right now) means: the
The other type of callback (not supported by i4b right now) means: the
called system accepts the connection and starts ppp negotiation. During this
the ppp's aggree to do a callback. Information on who called in and who is
the ppp's aggree to do a callback. Information on who called in and who is
going to be called back is subject to the authentication/negotiation already
done by the two ppp's. Then ppp closes down, the connection is disconnected
and the called system calls back.
I've never seen someone actually use the second type due to its obvious
I've never seen someone actually use the second type due to its obvious
disadvantages. It may be usefull if you travel, call in from an unknown
number and want to be called back at that number.
@ -282,12 +282,12 @@ Martin Husemann <martin@rumolt.teuto.de>
This section
> Trying to build a router/gateway between my privat Ethernet and
> the Internet (via my ISP), I have problems with I4B or NAT (I think:).
>
>
> The 2.2.5-R kernel with options IPFIREWALL and IPDIVERT works fine
> with ISDN4BSD 0.50-alpha and firewall rule 'pass all from any to any'.
> However, when I add 'divert natd all from any to any via isp0'
> and start natd, name server lookups to the ISP's NS don't work.
>
>
> Also, ping and nslookup fails from any other internal host.
I had exactly the same problems. natd doesn't seem to get a message if
@ -309,9 +309,9 @@ sleep 5
kill -HUP $pid
It looks ugly, but at least for me it works. The two sleeps are necessary
since I have to wait for ppp negotiation to complete (I don't get a message
from isdnd for that). If I'm lucky I have my connection after 3 seconds,
but 8 seconds should suffice for worst case (the first HUP without a sleep
since I have to wait for ppp negotiation to complete (I don't get a message
from isdnd for that). If I'm lucky I have my connection after 3 seconds,
but 8 seconds should suffice for worst case (the first HUP without a sleep
sometimes even succeeded on an slow 486/33 with 8MB RAM, more HUPs don't hurt).
I'm really interested in some more elegant method.
@ -348,20 +348,20 @@ So am I, let's see what may come out of the discussion on the list.
================================================================================
> > Use isdnd in fullscreen mode.
>
>
> I tried that already, but got an error when I start isdnd that way:
>
>
> /usr/local/bin/isdnd -d 0xf9 -f -r /dev/ttyv1 -t cons25
>
>
> root is logged in on device /dev/ttyv1, the message in /var/log/messages looks like:
>
>
> "May 22 11:52:28 asterix isdnd[4160]: ERR ERROR, cannot setup tty as controlling terminal: Operation not permitted"
>
>
> How can I give this device permission ?
In case you want to use switch "-r" noone else _must_ use the tty you redirect
to, you have to remove the getty from the virtual terminal in /etc/ttys and
to, you have to remove the getty from the virtual terminal in /etc/ttys and
restart the init process.
@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ are named:
"tell-record" calling number as answer, message is recorded
"isdntel.sh" answers and records messages; by using the
program "isdntel", one has the control over
the recorded messages in the directory
the recorded messages in the directory
"/var/isdn". Look at "man isdntel" and
"man isdntelctl".
@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ it all worked without the smallest problem, great data rates :)
I tried hard to found what the something special was I changed in the BIOS
settings, but I just couldnt get isdnd back to its stupid behaviour it
showed all the time before, but I would recommend everybody who has this
kind of problem to look into his BIOS.
kind of problem to look into his BIOS.
(from Meike Aulbach, strange@stoned.rhein-main.de)
@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ out the PNP-stuff with my Sedlbauer-card soon too though.
10. Incoming alert - what does it mean ?
================================================================================
In the log on vty6 (isdnd full screen log) I'm seeing
In the log on vty6 (isdnd full screen log) I'm seeing
16.07.98 11:42:35 CHD 00001 rwth rate 90 sec/unit (rate)
16.07.98 11:42:35 CHD 00001 rwth dialing from 4191236 to 441291234
@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ This one seems to be specific for the Netherlands. (-hm)
Question:
I'm trying to get i4b running on my new FreeBSD 2.2.8 system. The kernel
I'm trying to get i4b running on my new FreeBSD 2.2.8 system. The kernel
compiles smootly and everything is looking fine until it's time to dial.
I get the following error:
@ -568,11 +568,11 @@ Feb 10 20:31:00 goofy isdnd[498]: CHD 00018 I4BPPP cause 101: Message not compat
Feb 10 20:31:00 goofy isdnd[498]: ERR set_channel_idle: controller [0], invalid channel [-1]!
Feb 10 20:31:00 goofy isdnd[498]: ERR msg_disconnect_ind: set_channel_idle failed!
The remote site is a Cisco 4000 type router. I used debug to take a view at
The remote site is a Cisco 4000 type router. I used debug to take a view at
the ISDN events on the router but according to that the call doesn't arrive
over there.
over there.
Same hardware has worked fine with FreeBSD 2.2.6/i4b 0.63.
Same hardware has worked fine with FreeBSD 2.2.6/i4b 0.63.
Who knows what's wrong?
@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ EXCLUDING the city code... so if you live in Utrecht and your number is
I have seen this in several locations in the Netherlands for years, not
just with i4b, but also with differentt isdn equipment.. why? guess it
simply depends on which operator defines your line or what exchange it
is connected to... :P
is connected to... :P
What I found is that what solved this with other isdn hardware/software,
also solves it for i4b.. ie.. make sure the local phone number is
specified, and is specified without the city code.
@ -659,8 +659,8 @@ I've only seen the problems against old linux kernels (about two years ago),
are there still machines out there that have such a broken TCP/IP stack? We
should start to blame the vendors...
(by Gary Jennejohn, garyj@muc.de, with additions from
Harold Gutch <logix@foobar.franken.de> and
(by Gary Jennejohn, garyj@muc.de, with additions from
Harold Gutch <logix@foobar.franken.de> and
Martin Husemann <martin@rumolt.teuto.de>).
@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ Question:
The system is FreeBSD 3.1-RELEASE with i4b-00.80.00-beta-070599 [...]
I'm trying to compile a Kernel with support for my AVM Fritz!PCI card,
I'm trying to compile a Kernel with support for my AVM Fritz!PCI card,
however, when compiling, it fails with the following error
sh ../../conf/newvers.sh GENERIC -DAVM_A1_PCI
@ -680,9 +680,9 @@ cc -c -O -Wreturn-type -Wcomment -Wredundant-decls -Wimplicit -Wnested-
externs
-Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Winline -
Wuninitializ
ed -Wformat -Wunused -fformat-extensions -ansi -nostdinc -I- -I. -I../..
ed -Wformat -Wunused -fformat-extensions -ansi -nostdinc -I- -I. -I../..
-I/us
r/include -DAVM_A1_PCI -DKERNEL -DVM_STACK -include opt_global.h -elf
r/include -DAVM_A1_PCI -DKERNEL -DVM_STACK -include opt_global.h -elf
vers.c
loading kernel
i4b_isic_pci.o: In function `i4b_pci_attach':
@ -696,17 +696,17 @@ Solution:
=========
> I have added
>
>
> i4b/layer1/i4b_avm_fritz_pci.c optional isic device-driver
>
> and am recomiling at the moment, but given that it's a 486, it could take
>
> and am recomiling at the moment, but given that it's a 486, it could take
> some time :-)
The problem appears to be that overinstall.sh does not update files.i386
and options.i386, and that AVM_A1_PCI was added after 3.1-RELEASE and
hence is not defined.
The problem appears to be that overinstall.sh does not update files.i386
and options.i386, and that AVM_A1_PCI was added after 3.1-RELEASE and
hence is not defined.
Manually editing these files (using install.sh as a guide) allows the
Manually editing these files (using install.sh as a guide) allows the
kernel to compile cleanly.
@ -735,8 +735,8 @@ I suggest using newsyslog(8). Adding a line like:
/var/log/isdn.log 664 100 * 168 Z /var/run/isdnd.pid
to /etc/newsyslog.conf will do the job (here: once a week, for the next
100 weeks) with compression of the old log.
to /etc/newsyslog.conf will do the job (here: once a week, for the next
100 weeks) with compression of the old log.
This is the standard method for other daemons (apache, etc.).
@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ Patch for i4b version 0.71 or older:
/* suggest a zero one */
! p[2] = p[3] = p[4] = p[5] = 0;
break;
case LCP_OPT_MRU:
--- 2056,2062 ----
if (debug)
@ -797,13 +797,13 @@ Patch for i4b version 0.71 or older:
/* suggest a zero one */
! /* p[2] = p[3] = p[4] = p[5] = 0; */
break;
case LCP_OPT_MRU:
***************
*** 2668,2678 ****
addlog("%s [not agreed] ",
sppp_dotted_quad(desiredaddr));
- p[2] = hisaddr >> 24;
- p[3] = hisaddr >> 16;
- p[4] = hisaddr >> 8;
@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ Patch for i4b version 0.71 or older:
--- 2668,2678 ----
addlog("%s [not agreed] ",
sppp_dotted_quad(desiredaddr));
}
+ p[2] = hisaddr >> 24;
+ p[3] = hisaddr >> 16;
@ -893,7 +893,7 @@ flags have changed from 19 to 20.
NOTE: this is the procedure used as of end of July 1999, it may change in
the near future!
Get the current ppp sources from
Get the current ppp sources from
http://www.freebsd.org/~brian
@ -907,7 +907,7 @@ Make and install the result.
Have a look at the user-ppp directory and the end of etc-isdn/isdnd.rc.sample
for ppp and i4b sample configurations to get things up and running.
More information to ppp setup can be found at
More information to ppp setup can be found at
http://www.Awfulhak.org/ppp.html
http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/ppp-and-slip.html
@ -967,11 +967,11 @@ sehen, warum das passiert.
25. How to properly operate isdnd's fullscreen output in a 132x60 vty
================================================================================
Q: I'm using allscreens_flags="132x60" in /etc/rc.conf but the vty gets
switched after isdnd is started, so isdnd didn't know about the new
Q: I'm using allscreens_flags="132x60" in /etc/rc.conf but the vty gets
switched after isdnd is started, so isdnd didn't know about the new
dimensions of the screen.
A: This one's easy:
A: This one's easy:
In /etc/rc.isdn change
isdn_ttype=cons25
to
@ -1041,7 +1041,7 @@ From: Joost Mulders <dhcp@j-mulders.demon.nl>
================================================================================
> Some time I get follow message at console:
>
>
> i4b-L2 i4b_rxd_ack: ((N(R)-1)=35) != (UA=36) !!!
A layer 2 error occured. These types of errors are automatically
@ -1070,7 +1070,7 @@ A: i just found out what i did wrong ...
isdn_fsdev="NO"
isdn_flags=""
had to do that if i want to run isdnd as an daemon service, 'cause the
had to do that if i want to run isdnd as an daemon service, 'cause the
defaults in /etc/defaults/rc.conf are:
isdn_fsdev="/dev/ttyv4" # Output device for fullscreen mode (or NO for daemon mode).

80
share/man/man4/bpf.4
View File

@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
.Nm bpf
.Nd Berkeley Packet Filter
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Cd pseudo-device bpf
.Cd device bpf
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The Berkeley Packet Filter
provides a raw interface to data link layers in a protocol
@ -64,23 +64,23 @@ Associated with each open instance of a
file is a user-settable packet filter.
Whenever a packet is received by an interface,
all file descriptors listening on that interface apply their filter.
Each descriptor that accepts the packet receives its own copy.
Each descriptor that accepts the packet receives its own copy.
.Pp
Reads from these files return the next group of packets
that have matched the filter.
that have matched the filter.
To improve performance, the buffer passed to read must be
the same size as the buffers used internally by
.Nm .
This size is returned by the
.Dv BIOCGBLEN
ioctl (see below), and
ioctl (see below), and
can be set with
.Dv BIOCSBLEN .
Note that an individual packet larger than this size is necessarily
truncated.
.Pp
The packet filter will support any link level protocol that has fixed length
headers. Currently, only Ethernet,
headers. Currently, only Ethernet,
.Tn SLIP ,
and
.Tn PPP
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ file descriptor. The writes are unbuffered, meaning only one
packet can be processed per write.
Currently, only writes to Ethernets and
.Tn SLIP
links are supported.
links are supported.
.Sh IOCTLS
The
.Xr ioctl 2
@ -109,10 +109,10 @@ these includes:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <net/bpf.h>
#include <net/bpf.h>
.Ed
.Pp
Additionally,
Additionally,
.Dv BIOCGETIF
and
.Dv BIOCSETIF
@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ with
.Dv BIOCSETIF .
If the requested buffer size cannot be accommodated, the closest
allowable size will be set and returned in the argument.
A read call will result in
A read call will result in
.Er EIO
if it is passed a buffer that is not this size.
.It Dv BIOCGDLT
@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ All packets, not just those destined for the local host, are processed.
Since more than one file can be listening on a given interface,
a listener that opened its interface non-promiscuously may receive
packets promiscuously. This problem can be remedied with an
appropriate filter.
appropriate filter.
.It Dv BIOCFLUSH
Flushes the buffer of incoming packets,
and resets the statistics that are returned by BIOCGSTATS.
@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ The device is indicated by name using the
field of the
.Li ifreq
structure.
Additionally, performs the actions of
Additionally, performs the actions of
.Dv BIOCFLUSH .
.It Dv BIOCSRTIMEOUT
.It Dv BIOCGRTIMEOUT
@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ The fields are:
.It Li bs_recv
the number of packets received by the descriptor since opened or reset
(including any buffered since the last read call);
and
and
.It Li bs_drop
the number of packets which were accepted by the filter but dropped by the
kernel because of buffer overflows
@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ becomes full or a timeout occurs.
This is useful for programs like
.Xr rarpd 8
which must respond to messages in real time.
The default for a new file is off.
The default for a new file is off.
.It Dv BIOCSETF
.Pq Li "struct bpf_program"
Sets the filter program used by the kernel to discard uninteresting
@ -238,13 +238,13 @@ the following structure:
.Bd -literal
struct bpf_program {
int bf_len;
struct bpf_insn *bf_insns;
struct bpf_insn *bf_insns;
};
.Ed
.Pp
The filter program is pointed to by the
.Li bf_insns
field while its length in units of
field while its length in units of
.Sq Li struct bpf_insn
is given by the
.Li bf_len
@ -331,14 +331,14 @@ header, which may not be equal to
.Fn sizeof "struct bpf_hdr" .
.El
.Pp
The
The
.Li bh_hdrlen
field exists to account for
padding between the header and the link level protocol.
The purpose here is to guarantee proper alignment of the packet
data structures, which is required on alignment sensitive
data structures, which is required on alignment sensitive
architectures and improves performance on many other architectures.
The packet filter insures that the
The packet filter insures that the
.Li bpf_hdr
and the network layer
header will be word aligned. Suitable precautions
@ -367,16 +367,16 @@ will advance it to the next packet:
.Dl p = (char *)p + BPF_WORDALIGN(p->bh_hdrlen + p->bh_caplen)
.Pp
For the alignment mechanisms to work properly, the
buffer passed to
buffer passed to
.Xr read 2
must itself be word aligned.
must itself be word aligned.
The
.Xr malloc 3
function
will always return an aligned buffer.
.Sh FILTER MACHINE
A filter program is an array of instructions, with all branches forwardly
directed, terminated by a
directed, terminated by a
.Em return
instruction.
Each instruction performs some action on the pseudo-machine state,
@ -393,18 +393,18 @@ struct bpf_insn {
};
.Ed
.Pp
The
The
.Li k
field is used in different ways by different instructions,
field is used in different ways by different instructions,
and the
.Li jt
and
and
.Li jf
fields are used as offsets
by the branch instructions.
The opcodes are encoded in a semi-hierarchical fashion.
There are eight classes of instructions:
.Dv BPF_LD ,
There are eight classes of instructions:
.Dv BPF_LD ,
.Dv BPF_LDX ,
.Dv BPF_ST ,
.Dv BPF_STX ,
@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ There are eight classes of instructions:
.Dv BPF_RET ,
and
.Dv BPF_MISC .
Various other mode and
Various other mode and
operator bits are or'd into the class to give the actual instructions.
The classes and modes are defined in
.Aq Pa net/bpf.h .
@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ in the packet,
interpreted as a word (n=4),
unsigned halfword (n=2), or unsigned byte (n=1).
M[i] gives the i'th word in the scratch memory store, which is only
addressed in word units. The memory store is indexed from 0 to
addressed in word units. The memory store is indexed from 0 to
.Dv BPF_MEMWORDS
- 1.
.Li k ,
@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ the packet length
.Pq Dv BPF_LEN ,
or a word in the scratch memory store
.Pq Dv BPF_MEM .
For
For
.Dv BPF_IND
and
.Dv BPF_ABS ,
@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ halfword
.Pq Dv BPF_H ,
or byte
.Pq Dv BPF_B .
The semantics of all the recognized
The semantics of all the recognized
.Dv BPF_LD
instructions follow.
.Pp
@ -526,7 +526,7 @@ M[k] <- X
.It Dv BPF_ALU
The alu instructions perform operations between the accumulator and
index register or constant, and store the result back in the accumulator.
For binary operations, a source mode is required
For binary operations, a source mode is required
.Po
.Dv BPF_K
or
@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ Jump offsets are encoded in 8 bits so the longest jump is 256 instructions.
However, the jump always
.Pq Dv BPF_JA
opcode uses the 32 bit
.Li k
.Li k
field as the offset, allowing arbitrarily distant destinations.
All conditionals use unsigned comparison conventions.
.Pp
@ -636,10 +636,10 @@ A <- X
.Pp
The
.Nm
interface provides the following macros to facilitate
interface provides the following macros to facilitate
array initializers:
.Fn BPF_STMT opcode operand
and
and
.Fn BPF_JUMP opcode operand true_offset false_offset .
.Pp
.Sh EXAMPLES
@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ struct bpf_insn insns[] = {
BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, ETHERTYPE_REVARP, 0, 3),
BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_H+BPF_ABS, 20),
BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, REVARP_REQUEST, 0, 1),
BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, sizeof(struct ether_arp) +
BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, sizeof(struct ether_arp) +
sizeof(struct ether_header)),
BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, 0),
};
@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ struct bpf_insn insns[] = {
.Ed
.Pp
Finally, this filter returns only TCP finger packets. We must parse
the IP header to reach the TCP header. The
the IP header to reach the TCP header. The
.Dv BPF_JSET
instruction
checks that the IP fragment offset is 0 so we are sure
@ -714,15 +714,15 @@ struct bpf_insn insns[] = {
the packet filter device
.El
.Sh BUGS
The read buffer must be of a fixed size (returned by the
The read buffer must be of a fixed size (returned by the
.Dv BIOCGBLEN
ioctl).
.Pp
A file that does not request promiscuous mode may receive promiscuously
received packets as a side effect of another file requesting this
mode on the same hardware interface. This could be fixed in the kernel
with additional processing overhead. However, we favor the model where
all files must assume that the interface is promiscuous, and if
with additional processing overhead. However, we favor the model where
all files must assume that the interface is promiscuous, and if
so desired, must utilize a filter to reject foreign packets.
.Pp
Data link protocols with variable length headers are not currently supported.
@ -730,7 +730,7 @@ Data link protocols with variable length headers are not currently supported.
.Pp
The Enet packet filter was created in 1980 by Mike Accetta and
Rick Rashid at Carnegie-Mellon University. Jeffrey Mogul, at
Stanford, ported the code to BSD and continued its development from
Stanford, ported the code to BSD and continued its development from
1983 on. Since then, it has evolved into the Ultrix Packet Filter
at
.Tn DEC ,

14
share/man/man4/ccd.4
View File

@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
.Nm ccd
.Nd Concatenated Disk driver
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Cd "pseudo-device ccd 4"
.Cd "device ccd 4"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ driver provides the capability of combining one or more disks/partitions
into one virtual disk.
.Pp
This document assumes that you're familiar with how to generate kernels,
how to properly configure disks and pseudo-devices in a kernel
how to properly configure disks and devices in a kernel
configuration file, and how to partition disks.
.Pp
Note that the
@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ as shown as
In order to compile in support for the ccd, you must add a line similar
to the following to your kernel configuration file:
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
pseudo-device ccd 4 # concatenated disk devices
device ccd 4 # concatenated disk devices
.Ed
.Pp
The count argument is how many
@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ may be configured. As of the
release, you do not need to
configure your kernel with ccd but may instead use it as a kernel loadable
module. Simply running
.Nm ccdconfig
.Nm ccdconfig
will load the module into the kernel.
.Pp
A
@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ on two Fast-Wide SCSI buses, this translates to about 128 for writes
and 32 for reads. A larger interleave tends to work better when the
disk is taking a multitasking load by localizing the file I/O from
any given process onto a single disk. You lose sequential performance when
you do this, but sequential performance is not usually an issue with a
you do this, but sequential performance is not usually an issue with a
multitasking load.
.Pp
An interleave factor must be specified when using a mirroring configuration,
@ -172,11 +172,11 @@ file system will be lost unless you are mirroring the disks.
If one of the disks in a mirror is lost, you should still
be able to backup your data. If a write error occurs, however, data
read from that sector may be non-deterministic. It may return the data
prior to the write or it may return the data that was written. When a
prior to the write or it may return the data that was written. When a
write error occurs, you should recover and regenerate the data as soon
as possible.
.Pp
Changing the interleave or other parameters for a
Changing the interleave or other parameters for a
.Nm
disk usually destroys whatever data previously existed on that disk.
.Sh FILES

8
share/man/man4/ef.4
View File

@ -30,11 +30,11 @@
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm ef
.Nd "pseudo-device driver provides support for multiple ethernet frame types"
.Nd "pseudo-device driver providing support for multiple ethernet frame types"
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Cd "kldload if_ef.ko"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
The
.Nm
pseudo-device driver clones each ethernet type device with four
additional interfaces. Each of them capable to send or receive only
@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ one predefined frame type.
.Pp
Names for the new interfaces created by adding
.Ar fN
suffix to an existing device name. Where
suffix to an existing device name. Where
.Ar N
is a device unit which can have one of the following values:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ in the
.Xr rc.conf 5
file:
.Dl network_interfaces="ed2 lo0 tun0 ed2f0 ed2f1"
.Dl ifconfig_ed2f0_ipx="ipx 0x101"
.Dl ifconfig_ed2f0_ipx="ipx 0x101"
.Dl ifconfig_ed2f1_ipx="ipx 0x102"
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
None.

14
share/man/man4/en.4
View File

@ -8,9 +8,9 @@
.Nd device driver for Midway-based ATM interfaces
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Cd "device en"
.Cd "pseudo-device atm"
.Cd "device atm"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
The
.Nm
device driver supports Midway-based ATM interfaces including the
Efficient Networks, Inc. ENI-155 and Adaptec ANA-59x0.
@ -24,13 +24,13 @@ To add a PVC to a host you must use the ``route'' command:
.Dl # route add -iface <remote IP address> -link en0:z.0.x.y
where x and y are the byte encoding of the VCI to use, and z is the
byte encoding of the following flags.
.Dl 0x01 (use AAL5),
.Dl 0x01 (use AAL5),
.Dl 0x02 (if using AAL5, use a LLCSNAP header)
Thus, parameter 3 means AAL5 and LLC/SNAP encapsulation.
Note that BPF works only with LLC/SNAP encapsulation.
.Sh EXAMPLES
Suppose you have 2 hosts 128.252.200.1 and 128.252.200.2 connected
by ATM through PVC # 201 (0xc9).
by ATM through PVC # 201 (0xc9).
To enable the link use the following commands:
.Dl on host 128.252.200.1:
.Dl # ifconfig en0 128.252.200.1 netmask 0xffffff00 up
@ -51,12 +51,12 @@ The driver extensively uses DMA on PCI.
The first
generation PCI chipsets do not work or exhibit poor performance.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr ifconfig 8 ,
.Xr pvcsif 8 ,
.Xr ifconfig 8 ,
.Xr pvcsif 8 ,
.Xr pvctxctl 8 ,
.Xr route 8
.Sh AUTHORS
.An Chuck Cranor
of Washington University implemented EN driver
in 1996 for
in 1996 for
.Nx .

6
share/man/man4/faith.4
View File

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
.\" Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
.\" 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
.Tn IPv6-to-IPv4 TCP
relay capturing interface
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Cd "pseudo-device faith 1"
.Cd "device faith 1"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm

6
share/man/man4/fpa.4
View File

@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
.Pp
.Fx
only:
.Cd "pseudo-device fddi"
.Cd "device fddi"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ controller are supported including the DAS and SAS configurations.
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
.Bl -diag
.It "fea%d: error: desired IRQ of %d does not match device's actual IRQ (%d)"
The device probe detected that the DEFEA board is configured for a different
The device probe detected that the DEFEA board is configured for a different
interrupt than the one specified in the kernel configuration file.
.It "fea%d: error: memory not enabled! ECU reconfiguration required"
The device probe found that no device memory had been configured on the
@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ Utility) will need to be run to change the settings.
.Sh CAVEATS
Normally, the device driver will not enable the reception of SMT frames.
However if the IFF_LINK1 flag is set, the device driver will enable the
reception of SMT frames and pass them up to the Berkeley Packet Filter for
reception of SMT frames and pass them up to the Berkeley Packet Filter for
processing.
.Pp
.Sh SEE ALSO

2
share/man/man4/gif.4
View File

@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
.Nm gif
.Nd generic tunnel interface
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Cd "pseudo-device gif" Op Ar count
.Cd "device gif" Op Ar count
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm

2
share/man/man4/ifmib.4
View File

@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
.\" no representations about the suitability of this software for any
.\" purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied
.\" warranty.
.\"
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY M.I.T. ``AS IS''. M.I.T. DISCLAIMS
.\" ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
.\" INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF

2
share/man/man4/intro.4
View File

@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
.Nd introduction to devices and device drivers
.Sh DESCRIPTION
This section contains information related to devices, device driver
and miscellaneous hardware.
and miscellaneous hardware.
.Ss The device abstraction
Device is a term used mostly for hardware-related stuff that belongs
to the system, like disks, printers, or a graphics display with its

2
share/man/man4/lo.4
View File

@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
.Nm lo
.Nd software loopback network interface
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Cd "pseudo-device loop"
.Cd "device loop"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm loop

2
share/man/man4/man4.i386/ar.4
View File

@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
.Cd "device ar0 at isa? port 0x300 irq 10 iomem 0xd0000"
.Cd "device ar1 at isa? port 0x310 irq 11 iomem 0xd0000"
.Pp
.Cd "pseudo-device sppp"
.Cd "device sppp"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm

76
share/man/man4/man4.i386/cx.4
View File

@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Cd "device cx0 at isa? port 0x240 irq 15 drq 7"
.Cd "device cx1 at isa? port 0x260 irq 12 drq 6"
.Cd pseudo-device sppp
.Cd device sppp
.Pp
The base i/o port address should be set by jumpers on the board.
The DMA i/o channel and interrupt request numbers are configured
@ -36,23 +36,23 @@ Channels
0
.It Cronyx-Sigma-400
4, 5, 6, 7
.It Cronyx-Sigma-500
.It Cronyx-Sigma-500
0, 4, 5, 6, 7
.It Cronyx-Sigma-401
.It Cronyx-Sigma-401
0, 1, 2, 3
.It Cronyx-Sigma-404
.It Cronyx-Sigma-404
0, 1, 2, 3
.It Cronyx-Sigma-410
.It Cronyx-Sigma-410
0, 1, 2, 3
.It Cronyx-Sigma-440
.It Cronyx-Sigma-440
0, 1, 2, 3
.It Cronyx-Sigma-703
.It Cronyx-Sigma-703
0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7
.It Cronyx-Sigma-801
.It Cronyx-Sigma-801
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
.It Cronyx-Sigma-810
.It Cronyx-Sigma-810
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
.It Cronyx-Sigma-840
.It Cronyx-Sigma-840
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
.El
.Pp
@ -82,15 +82,15 @@ sh MAKEDEV cronyx ttyx0 ttyx1 ttyy0
.Ed
.Sh "Asynchronous driver"
The asynchronous channel device files have the names:
.Pa /dev/ttyx#
- for adapter cx0,
.Pa /dev/ttyy#
.Pa /dev/ttyx#
- for adapter cx0,
.Pa /dev/ttyy#
- for adapter cx1,
.Pa /dev/ttyz#
.Pa /dev/ttyz#
- for cx2.
Here # is the channel number in hexadecimal form, 0-9-a-f.
.Pp
The driver fulfills the following standard ioctl requests (see
The driver fulfills the following standard ioctl requests (see
.Xr ioctl 2 ) :
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width TIOCXXXXX -compact
@ -104,32 +104,32 @@ on the first
.Xr open 2
and could be changed by
.Dv TIOCCDTR ,
.Dv TIOCSDTR ,
.Dv TIOCMSET ,
.Dv TIOCMBIS ,
.Dv TIOCMBIC
.Dv TIOCSDTR ,
.Dv TIOCMSET ,
.Dv TIOCMBIS ,
.Dv TIOCMBIC
ioctl calls.
.It TIOCCDTR
Clear DTR signal (DTR := 0).
.It TIOCMSET
Set the given values of DTR and RTS signals (<DTR:RTS> := data).
The signals DTR and RTS are controlled by
.Dv TIOCM_DTR
.Dv TIOCM_DTR
and
.Dv TIOCM_RTS
bits of the data argument of the ioctl system call.
.It TIOCMBIS
Set DTR and RTS signals (<DTR:RTS> |= data).
The signals DTR and RTS are controlled by
.Dv TIOCM_DTR
and
The signals DTR and RTS are controlled by
.Dv TIOCM_DTR
and
.Dv TIOCM_RTS
bits of the data argument of the ioctl system call.
.It TIOCMBIC
Clear DTR and RTS signals (<DTR:RTS> &= ~data).
The signals DTR and RTS are controlled by
The signals DTR and RTS are controlled by
.Dv TIOCM_DTR
and
and
.Dv TIOCM_RTS
bits of the data argument of the ioctl system call.
.It TIOCMGET
@ -137,30 +137,30 @@ Determine the state of the modem signals of the line.
After the call the data argument contains the following bits:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width TIOCM_XXX -compact
.It TIOCM_LE
.It TIOCM_LE
always set (Line Enabled)
.It TIOCM_DSR
.It TIOCM_DSR
Data Set Ready signal received
.It TIOCM_CTS
.It TIOCM_CTS
Clear To Send signal received
.It TIOCM_CD
.It TIOCM_CD
Data Carrier Detect signal received
.It TIOCM_DTR
.It TIOCM_DTR
Data Terminal Ready signal transmitted
.It TIOCM_RTS
.It TIOCM_RTS
Request To Send signal transmitted
.El
.El
.Sh "Synchronous driver"
The synchronous channels and universal channels, turned to the synchronous
mode by the
mode by the
.Xr cxconfig 8
utility, are accessible as network
interfaces named ``cx#'' where # is the channel number, 0..47.
All standard network interface parameters could be set by
All standard network interface parameters could be set by
.Xr ifconfig 8
utility.
The
The
.Xr cxconfig 8
command is used to change some extended channel
options, and also for setting the high-level software protocol
@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ options, and also for setting the high-level software protocol
.Pp
The universal channels could be used both in asynchronous and synchronous modes.
By default the asynchronous mode is set.
The mode could be changed by
The mode could be changed by
.Xr cxconfig 8
utility.
The mode is blocked while the channel is busy (an asynchronous channel
@ -184,14 +184,14 @@ The version of the driver for BSD/386 (BSDI) operating system
also supports the usage of the general set of synchronous
protocols, implemented inside the OS.
The external protocol set could be selected by ``cxconfig ext'' command
(see
(see
.Xr cxconfig 8 ) .
.Sh "Channel Options Management"
The
The
.Xr cxconfig 8
utility is used for setting the channels options.
The channel options are generally set at the start of the operating
system (for example, from the file
system (for example, from the file
.Pa /etc/rc ) .
Note, that not all options have a sense for every particular
case, and an attempt to set some of them can hang up the channel or

14
share/man/man4/man4.i386/en.4
View File

@ -8,9 +8,9 @@
.Nd device driver for Midway-based ATM interfaces
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Cd "device en"
.Cd "pseudo-device atm"
.Cd "device atm"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
The
.Nm
device driver supports Midway-based ATM interfaces including the
Efficient Networks, Inc. ENI-155 and Adaptec ANA-59x0.
@ -24,13 +24,13 @@ To add a PVC to a host you must use the ``route'' command:
.Dl # route add -iface <remote IP address> -link en0:z.0.x.y
where x and y are the byte encoding of the VCI to use, and z is the
byte encoding of the following flags.
.Dl 0x01 (use AAL5),
.Dl 0x01 (use AAL5),
.Dl 0x02 (if using AAL5, use a LLCSNAP header)
Thus, parameter 3 means AAL5 and LLC/SNAP encapsulation.
Note that BPF works only with LLC/SNAP encapsulation.
.Sh EXAMPLES
Suppose you have 2 hosts 128.252.200.1 and 128.252.200.2 connected
by ATM through PVC # 201 (0xc9).
by ATM through PVC # 201 (0xc9).
To enable the link use the following commands:
.Dl on host 128.252.200.1:
.Dl # ifconfig en0 128.252.200.1 netmask 0xffffff00 up
@ -51,12 +51,12 @@ The driver extensively uses DMA on PCI.
The first
generation PCI chipsets do not work or exhibit poor performance.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr ifconfig 8 ,
.Xr pvcsif 8 ,
.Xr ifconfig 8 ,
.Xr pvcsif 8 ,
.Xr pvctxctl 8 ,
.Xr route 8
.Sh AUTHORS
.An Chuck Cranor
of Washington University implemented EN driver
in 1996 for
in 1996 for
.Nx .

36
share/man/man4/man4.i386/spkr.4
View File

@ -9,16 +9,16 @@
.Nm spkr
.Nd console speaker device driver
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Cd pseudo-device speaker
.Cd device speaker
.Fd #include <machine/speaker.h>
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The speaker device driver allows applications to control the PC console
speaker on an
speaker on an
.Tn IBM-PC Ns --compatible
machine running
.Fx .
.Pp
Only one process may have this device open at any given time;
Only one process may have this device open at any given time;
.Xr open 2
and
.Xr close 2
@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ error
indication.
Writes to the device are interpreted as `play strings' in a
simple ASCII melody notation.
An
An
.Xr ioctl 2
request
for tone generation at arbitrary
@ -41,10 +41,10 @@ spends most of its time sleeping while the PC hardware is emitting
tones.
Other processes may emit beeps while the driver is running.
.Pp
Applications may call
Applications may call
.Xr ioctl 2
on a speaker file descriptor to control the
speaker driver directly; definitions for the
speaker driver directly; definitions for the
.Xr ioctl 2
interface are in
.Pa /usr/include/machine/speaker.h .
@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ At present there are two such
calls.
.Dv SPKRTONE
accepts a pointer to a
single tone structure as third argument and plays it.
single tone structure as third argument and plays it.
.Dv SPKRTUNE
accepts a
pointer to the first of an array of tone structures and plays them in
@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ continuous sequence; this array must be terminated by a final member with
a zero duration.
.Pp
The play-string language is modelled on the PLAY statement conventions of
.Tn IBM
.Tn IBM
Advanced BASIC 2.0. The
.Li MB ,
.Li MF ,
@ -89,8 +89,8 @@ Play command groups are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width CDEFGABxx
.It Li CDEFGAB
Letters A through G cause the corresponding note to be played in the
current octave. A note letter may optionally be followed by an
.Dq Em "accidental sign" ,
current octave. A note letter may optionally be followed by an
.Dq Em "accidental sign" ,
one of # + or -; the first two of these cause it to be sharped one
half-tone, the last causes it to be flatted one half-tone. It may
also be followed by a time value number and by sustain dots (see
@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ possible jump between notes.
Thus ``olbc'' will be played as
``olb>c'', and ``olcb'' as ``olc<b''. Octave locking is disabled for
one letter note following >, < and O[0123456]. (The octave-locking
feature is not supported in
feature is not supported in
.Tn IBM
BASIC.)
.It Li >
@ -119,13 +119,13 @@ Bump the current octave up one.
.It Li <
Drop the current octave down one.
.It Ns Li N Sy n
Play note
Play note
.Sy n ,
.Sy n
being 1 to 84 or 0 for a rest of current time value.
May be followed by sustain dots.
.It Ns Li L Sy n
Sets the current time value for notes. The default is
Sets the current time value for notes. The default is
.Li L4 ,
quarter or crotchet notes.
The lowest possible value is 1; values up
@ -137,9 +137,9 @@ sets half notes,
.Li L4
sets quarter notes, etc.
.It Ns Li P Sy n
Pause (rest), with
Pause (rest), with
.Sy n
interpreted as for
interpreted as for
.Li L Sy n .
May be followed by
sustain dots. May also be written
@ -188,11 +188,11 @@ sustain dots.
Each dot causes the note's value to be lengthened by one-half
for each one.
Thus, a note dotted once is held for 3/2 of its undotted value;
dotted twice, it is held 9/4, and three times would give 27/8.
dotted twice, it is held 9/4, and three times would give 27/8.
.Pp
A note and its sustain dots may also be followed by a slur mark (underscore).
This causes the normal micro-rest after the note to be filled in, slurring it
to the next one. (The slur feature is not supported in
to the next one. (The slur feature is not supported in
.Tn IBM
BASIC.)
.Pp
@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ notation, in which each dot adds half the value of the previous dot
modifier, not half the value of the note as modified. Thus, a note dotted
once is held for 3/2 of its undotted value; dotted twice, it is held 7/4,
and three times would give 15/8. The multiply-by-3/2 interpretation,
however, is specified in the
however, is specified in the
.Tn IBM
BASIC manual and has been retained for
compatibility.

2
share/man/man4/man4.i386/sr.4
View File

@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
.Cd "device sr0 at isa? port 0x300 irq 10 iomem 0xd0000"
.Cd "device sr1 at isa? port 0x310 irq 11 flags 0x1 iomem 0xd0000"
.Pp
.Cd "pseudo-device sppp"
.Cd "device sppp"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm

2
share/man/man4/ppp.4
View File

@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
.Nm ppp
.Nd point to point protocol network interface
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Cd "pseudo-device ppp" Op Ar count
.Cd "device ppp" Op Ar count
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm

16
share/man/man4/pty.4
View File

@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
.Nm pty
.Nd pseudo terminal driver
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Cd "pseudo-device pty"
.Cd "device pty"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ device. The slave device provides to a process
an interface identical
to that described in
.Xr tty 4 .
However, whereas all other devices which provide the
However, whereas all other devices which provide the
interface described in
.Xr tty 4
have a hardware device of some sort behind them, the slave
@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ given to the slave device as input and anything written
on the slave device is presented as input on the master
device.
.Pp
The following
The following
.Xr ioctl 2
calls apply only to pseudo terminals:
.Bl -tag -width TIOCREMOTE
@ -80,12 +80,12 @@ or by typing
.Ql ^S ) .
Takes no parameter.
.It Dv TIOCPKT
Enable/disable
Enable/disable
.Em packet
mode. Packet mode is enabled by specifying (by reference)
a nonzero parameter and disabled by specifying (by reference)
a zero parameter. When applied to the master side of a pseudo
terminal, each subsequent
terminal, each subsequent
.Xr read 2
from the terminal will return data written on the slave part of
the pseudo terminal preceded by a zero byte (symbolically
@ -105,11 +105,11 @@ whenever output to the terminal is stopped a la
.It Dv TIOCPKT_START
whenever output to the terminal is restarted.
.It Dv TIOCPKT_DOSTOP
whenever
whenever
.Em t_stopc
is
.Ql ^S
and
and
.Em t_startc
is
.Ql ^Q .
@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ This mode is enabled from the master side of a pseudo terminal
by specifying (by reference)
a nonzero parameter and disabled by specifying (by reference)
a zero parameter.
Each subsequent
Each subsequent
.Xr read 2
from the master side will return data written on the slave part of
the pseudo terminal preceded by a zero byte,

2
share/man/man4/sl.4
View File

@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
.Nm sl
.Nd slip network interface
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Cd "pseudo-device sl" Op Ar count
.Cd "device sl" Op Ar count
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm

36
share/man/man4/spkr.4
View File

@ -9,16 +9,16 @@
.Nm spkr
.Nd console speaker device driver
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Cd pseudo-device speaker
.Cd device speaker
.Fd #include <machine/speaker.h>
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The speaker device driver allows applications to control the PC console
speaker on an
speaker on an
.Tn IBM-PC Ns --compatible
machine running
.Fx .
.Pp
Only one process may have this device open at any given time;
Only one process may have this device open at any given time;
.Xr open 2
and
.Xr close 2
@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ error
indication.
Writes to the device are interpreted as `play strings' in a
simple ASCII melody notation.
An
An
.Xr ioctl 2
request
for tone generation at arbitrary
@ -41,10 +41,10 @@ spends most of its time sleeping while the PC hardware is emitting
tones.
Other processes may emit beeps while the driver is running.
.Pp
Applications may call
Applications may call
.Xr ioctl 2
on a speaker file descriptor to control the
speaker driver directly; definitions for the
speaker driver directly; definitions for the
.Xr ioctl 2
interface are in
.Pa /usr/include/machine/speaker.h .
@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ At present there are two such
calls.
.Dv SPKRTONE
accepts a pointer to a
single tone structure as third argument and plays it.
single tone structure as third argument and plays it.
.Dv SPKRTUNE
accepts a
pointer to the first of an array of tone structures and plays them in
@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ continuous sequence; this array must be terminated by a final member with
a zero duration.
.Pp
The play-string language is modelled on the PLAY statement conventions of
.Tn IBM
.Tn IBM
Advanced BASIC 2.0. The
.Li MB ,
.Li MF ,
@ -89,8 +89,8 @@ Play command groups are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width CDEFGABxx
.It Li CDEFGAB
Letters A through G cause the corresponding note to be played in the
current octave. A note letter may optionally be followed by an
.Dq Em "accidental sign" ,
current octave. A note letter may optionally be followed by an
.Dq Em "accidental sign" ,
one of # + or -; the first two of these cause it to be sharped one
half-tone, the last causes it to be flatted one half-tone. It may
also be followed by a time value number and by sustain dots (see
@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ possible jump between notes.
Thus ``olbc'' will be played as
``olb>c'', and ``olcb'' as ``olc<b''. Octave locking is disabled for
one letter note following >, < and O[0123456]. (The octave-locking
feature is not supported in
feature is not supported in
.Tn IBM
BASIC.)
.It Li >
@ -119,13 +119,13 @@ Bump the current octave up one.
.It Li <
Drop the current octave down one.
.It Ns Li N Sy n
Play note
Play note
.Sy n ,
.Sy n
being 1 to 84 or 0 for a rest of current time value.
May be followed by sustain dots.
.It Ns Li L Sy n
Sets the current time value for notes. The default is
Sets the current time value for notes. The default is
.Li L4 ,
quarter or crotchet notes.
The lowest possible value is 1; values up
@ -137,9 +137,9 @@ sets half notes,
.Li L4
sets quarter notes, etc.
.It Ns Li P Sy n
Pause (rest), with
Pause (rest), with
.Sy n
interpreted as for
interpreted as for
.Li L Sy n .
May be followed by
sustain dots. May also be written
@ -188,11 +188,11 @@ sustain dots.
Each dot causes the note's value to be lengthened by one-half
for each one.
Thus, a note dotted once is held for 3/2 of its undotted value;
dotted twice, it is held 9/4, and three times would give 27/8.
dotted twice, it is held 9/4, and three times would give 27/8.
.Pp
A note and its sustain dots may also be followed by a slur mark (underscore).
This causes the normal micro-rest after the note to be filled in, slurring it
to the next one. (The slur feature is not supported in
to the next one. (The slur feature is not supported in
.Tn IBM
BASIC.)
.Pp
@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ notation, in which each dot adds half the value of the previous dot
modifier, not half the value of the note as modified. Thus, a note dotted
once is held for 3/2 of its undotted value; dotted twice, it is held 7/4,
and three times would give 15/8. The multiply-by-3/2 interpretation,
however, is specified in the
however, is specified in the
.Tn IBM
BASIC manual and has been retained for
compatibility.

22
share/man/man4/splash.4
View File

@ -33,11 +33,11 @@
.Nm splash
.Nd splash screen / screen saver interface
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Cd "pseudo-device splash"
.Cd "device splash"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
pseudo device driver adds support for the splash screen and screen
pseudo device driver adds support for the splash screen and screen
savers to the kernel.
This driver is required if the splash bitmap image is to be loaded or
any screen saver is to be used.
@ -47,12 +47,12 @@ on the screen when the system is about to start.
This image will remain on the screen
during kernel initialization process
until the login prompt appears on the screen
or until a screen saver is loaded and initialized.
or until a screen saver is loaded and initialized.
The image will also disappear if you hit any key,
although this may not work immediately
if the kernel is still probing devices.
.Pp
If you specify the
If you specify the
.Fl c
or
.Fl v
@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ Twinkling stars.
Streaking stars.
.El
.Pp
Screen saver modules can be loaded using
Screen saver modules can be loaded using
.Xr kldload 8 :
.Pp
.Dl kldload logo_saver
@ -132,12 +132,12 @@ variable in the
to the screen saver of your choice and
the timeout value to the
.Ar blanktime
variable so that the screen saver is automatically loaded
variable so that the screen saver is automatically loaded
and the timeout value is set when the system starts.
.Pp
The screen saver may be instantly activated by hitting the
.Ar saver
key: the defaults are
key: the defaults are
.Em Shift-Pause
on the AT enhanced keyboard and
.Em Shift-Ctrl-NumLock/Pause
@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ function to a key of your preference.
.Pp
The screen saver will not run if the screen is not in text mode.
.Ss Splash screen as a screen saver
If you load a splash image but do not load a screen saver,
If you load a splash image but do not load a screen saver,
you can continue using the splash module as a screen saver.
The screen blanking interval can be specified as described in the
.Sx Screen saver
@ -172,10 +172,10 @@ screen saver modules
the VESA support module
.El
.Sh EXAMPLES
In order to load the splash screen or the screen saver, you must
In order to load the splash screen or the screen saver, you must
have the following line in the kernel configuration file.
.Pp
.Dl pseudo-device splash
.Dl device splash
.Pp
Next, edit
.Pa /boot/loader.conf
@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ bitmap_load="YES"
bitmap_name="chuck.bmp"
.Ed
.Pp
In the above example, the file
In the above example, the file
.Pa chuck.bmp
is loaded.
In the following example, the VESA module

4
share/man/man4/sppp.4
View File

@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
.Nm sppp
.Nd point to point protocol network layer for synchronous lines
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Cd "pseudo-device sppp"
.Cd "device sppp"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ mode. This means, the administrative
event to the LCP layer will be delayed until after the lower layers
signals an
.Em Up
event (rise of
event (rise of
.Dq carrier ) .
This can be used by lower layers to support
a dialin connection where the physical layer isn't available

2
share/man/man4/stf.4
View File

@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
.Tn 6to4
tunnel interface
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Cd "pseudo-device stf"
.Cd "device stf"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm

74
share/man/man4/syscons.4
View File

@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ and the video card driver
.Pq Xr vga 4
and so requires both of them to be configured in the system.
.Pp
There can be only one
There can be only one
.Nm
device defined in the system.
.Ss Virtual Terminals
@ -83,17 +83,17 @@ are placed in the background.
In order to use virtual terminals, they must be individually
marked ``on'' in
.Pa /etc/ttys
so that
so that
.Xr getty 8
will recognize them to be active and run
.Xr login 1
.Xr login 1
to let the user to login to the system.
By default, only the first eight virtual terminals are activated in
.Pa /etc/ttys .
.Pp
You press the
.Dv Alt
key and a switch key to switch between
key and a switch key to switch between
virtual terminals.
The following table summarizes the correspondence between the switch
key and the virtual terminal.
@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ This can be changed by the kernel configuration option
(see below).
.Pp
Note that the X server usually requires a virtual terminal for display
purposes, so at least one terminal must be left unused by
purposes, so at least one terminal must be left unused by
.Xr getty 8
so that it can be used by the X server.
.Ss Key Definitions and Function Key Strings
@ -136,18 +136,18 @@ for the keymap file.
.Pp
You may want to set the
.Ar keymap
variable in
variable in
.Pa /etc/rc.conf.local
to the desired keymap file so that it will be automatically loaded
when the system starts up.
.Ss Software Font
For most modern video cards, e.g. VGA, the
.Nm
driver and the video card driver allow the user to change
driver and the video card driver allow the user to change
the font used on the screen.
The
.Xr vidcontrol 1
command can be used to load a font file from
command can be used to load a font file from
.Pa /usr/share/syscons/fonts .
.Pp
The font comes in various sizes: 8x8, 8x14 and 8x16.
@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ It is better to always load these three sizes of the same font.
.Pp
You may set
.Ar font8x8 ,
.Ar font8x14
.Ar font8x14
and
.Ar font8x16
variables in
@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ and enable the mouse cursor in the virtual terminal via
.Pp
Pressing the mouse button 1 (usually the left button) will start selection.
Releasing the button 1 will end the selection process.
The selected text will be marked by inverting foreground and
The selected text will be marked by inverting foreground and
background colors.
You can press the button 3 (usually the right button) to extend
the selected region.
@ -208,19 +208,19 @@ The
driver allows the user to browse the output which has ``scrolled off''
from the top of the screen.
.Pp
Press the ``slock'' key (usually
.Dv ScrllLock
and/or
.Dv Pause
keys on many AT Enhanced keyboards) and the terminal is
Press the ``slock'' key (usually
.Dv ScrllLock
and/or
.Dv Pause
keys on many AT Enhanced keyboards) and the terminal is
in the ``back scrolling'' mode.
It is indicated by the
It is indicated by the
.Dv Scroll Lock
LED.
Use arrow keys,
.Dv Page Up/Down
keys and
.Dv Home/End
Use arrow keys,
.Dv Page Up/Down
keys and
.Dv Home/End
keys to scroll buffered terminal output.
Press the ``slock'' key again to get back to the normal terminal mode.
.Pp
@ -260,21 +260,21 @@ Note that if you use the
option then you must also use this option if you wish to be able to use
the mouse.
.It Dv SC_DISABLE_DDBKEY
This option disables the ``debug'' key (by default, it is
This option disables the ``debug'' key (by default, it is
.Dv Alt-Esc ,
or
.Dv Ctl-PrintScreen
).
It will prevent the user from
entering the kernel debugger DDB by pressing the key combination.
DDB will still be invoked when the kernel panics or hits a break point
entering the kernel debugger DDB by pressing the key combination.
DDB will still be invoked when the kernel panics or hits a break point
if it is included in the kernel.
.It Dv SC_DISABLE_REBOOT
This option disables the ``reboot'' key (by default, it is
This option disables the ``reboot'' key (by default, it is
.Dv Ctl-Alt-Del
), so that the casual user may not accidentally reboot the system.
.It Dv SC_HISTORY_SIZE=N
Sets the size of back scroll buffer to
Sets the size of back scroll buffer to
.Fa N
lines.
The default value is 100.
@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ Unless the
option above is specified, the
The
.Nm
driver reserves four consecutive character codes in order to display the
driver reserves four consecutive character codes in order to display the
mouse cursor in the virtual terminals in some systems.
This option specifies the first character code to
.Fa C
@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ See the
.Dv VESA800X600
flag below.
.It Dv SC_TWOBUTTON_MOUSE
If you have a two button mouse, you may want to add this option
If you have a two button mouse, you may want to add this option
to use the right button of the mouse to paste text.
See
.Sx Mouse Support and Copy-and-Paste
@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ below.
.It Dv SC_DFLT_FONT
This option will specify the default font.
Available fonts are: iso, iso2, koi8-r, cp437, cp850, cp865 and cp866.
16-line, 14-line and 8-line font data will be compiled in.
16-line, 14-line and 8-line font data will be compiled in.
Without this option, the
.Nm
driver will use whatever font already loaded in the video card,
@ -385,18 +385,18 @@ time
.\"blinking underline (aka destructive) cursor
.\".El
.\".It bit 6 (QUIET_BELL)
.\"This option suppresses the bell, whether audible or visual,
.\"This option suppresses the bell, whether audible or visual,
.\"if it is rung in a background virtual terminal.
.It 0x0080 (VESA800X600)
This option puts the video card in the VESA 800x600 dots, 16 color
mode.
It may be useful for laptop computers for which the 800x600 mode
is otherwise unsupported by the X server.
Note that in order for this flag to work, the kernel must be
Note that in order for this flag to work, the kernel must be
compiled with the
.Dv SC_PIXEL_MODE
option explained above.
.\"Note also that the ``copy-and-paste'' function is not currently supported
.\"Note also that the ``copy-and-paste'' function is not currently supported
.\"in this mode and the mouse pointer will not be displayed.
.It 0x0100 (AUTODETECT_KBD)
This option instructs the syscons driver to periodically scan
@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ key map files
screen map files
.El
.Sh EXAMPLES
As the
As the
.Nm
driver requires the keyboard driver and the video card driver,
the kernel configuration file should contain the following lines.
@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ device atkbd0 at atkbdc? irq 1
device vga0 at isa? conflicts
device sc0 at isa?
pseudo-device splash
device splash
.Ed
.Pp
If you do not intend to load the splash image or use the screen saver,
@ -441,8 +441,8 @@ Note that the keyboard controller driver
is required by the keyboard driver
.Nm atkbd .
.Pp
The following lines will set the default colors.
The normal text will be green on black background.
The following lines will set the default colors.
The normal text will be green on black background.
The reversed text will be yellow on green background.
Note that you cannot put any white space inside the quoted string,
because of the current implementation of
@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ because of the current implementation of
.Dl "options SC_NORM_ATTR=(FG_GREEN|BG_BLACK)
.Dl "options SC_NORM_REV_ATTR=(FG_YELLOW|BG_GREEN)
.Pp
The following lines will set the default colors of the kernel message.
The following lines will set the default colors of the kernel message.
The kernel message will be printed bright red on black background.
The reversed message will be black on red background.
.Pp
@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ The reversed message will be black on red background.
.Pp
The following example adds the font files
.Pa cp850-8x16.fnt ,
.Pa cp850-8x14.font
.Pa cp850-8x14.font
and
.Pa cp850-8x8.font
to the kernel.

30
share/man/man4/tap.4
View File

@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
.Nm tap
.Nd Ethernet tunnel software network interface
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Cd pseudo-device tap
.Cd device tap
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ and
and thus can be used with
.Xr ifconfig 8
like any other Ethernet interface. When the system chooses to transmit
an Ethernet frame on the network interface, the frame can be read from
an Ethernet frame on the network interface, the frame can be read from
the control device
(it appears as
.Dq input
@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ if the interface is not
.Dq ready .
Once the interface is ready,
.Fn read
will return an Ethernet frame if one is available; if not, it will
will return an Ethernet frame if one is available; if not, it will
either block until one is or return
.Er EWOULDBLOCK ,
depending on whether non-blocking I/O has been enabled. If the frame
@ -141,13 +141,13 @@ signals into the argument
value.
.It Dv SIOCGIFADDR
Retrieve the Media Access Control
.Pq Dv MAC
.Pq Dv MAC
address of the
.Dq remote
side. This command is used by the VMware port and expected to be executed on
descriptor, associated with control device
(usually
.Pa /dev/vmnet Ns Sy N
.Pa /dev/vmnet Ns Sy N
or
.Pa /dev/tap Ns Sy N ) .
The
@ -181,14 +181,14 @@ writes are always non-blocking.
.Pp
On the last close of the data device, the interface is
brought down
(as if with
(as if with
.Dq ifconfig tap Ns Sy N No down )
unless the devices is a VMnet device.
All queued frames are thrown away. If the interface is up when the data
device is not open, output frames are thrown away rather than
All queued frames are thrown away. If the interface is up when the data
device is not open, output frames are thrown away rather than
letting them pile up.
.Pp
The
The
.Nm
device is also can be used with the VMware port as a replacement
for the old VMnet device driver. The driver uses the minor number
@ -197,24 +197,24 @@ to select between
and
.Nm vmnet
devices. VMnet minor numbers begin at
.Va 0x10000
.Va 0x10000
+
.Va N .
.Va N .
Where
.Va N
is a VMnet unit number. In this case control device is expected to be
.Va N
is a VMnet unit number. In this case control device is expected to be
.Pa /dev/vmnet Ns Sy N ,
and network interface will be
.Sy vmnet Ns Ar N .
Additionally, VMnet devices do not ifconfig themselves down when the
control device is closed. Everything else is the same.
control device is closed. Everything else is the same.
.Pp
In addition to mentioned above
.Xr ioctl 2
there is one additional one for the VMware port.
.Bl -tag -width VMIO_SIOCSETMACADDR
.It Dv VMIO_SIOCSIFFLAGS
VMware
VMware
.Dv SIOCSIFFLAGS .
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO

2
share/man/man4/tun.4
View File

@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
.Nm tun
.Nd tunnel software network interface
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Cd pseudo-device tun
.Cd device tun
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm

94
share/man/man4/vinum.4
View File

@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
.\" 4. Neither the name of the Company nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\"
.\" This software is provided ``as is'', and any express or implied
.\" warranties, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of
.\" merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed.
@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ started correctly when the subsystem is enabled. This is also a significant
advantage over the Veritas\(tm File System. This feature regards the presence
of the volumes. It does not mean that the volumes will be mounted
automatically, since the standard startup procedures with
.Pa /etc/fstab
.Pa /etc/fstab
perform this function.
.El
.Sh KERNEL CONFIGURATION
@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ It is possible to configure
in the kernel, but this is not recommended. To do so, add this line to the
kernel configuration file:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
pseudo-device vinum
device vinum
.Ed
.Pp
.Ss DEBUG OPTIONS
@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ program are active. Unloading the kld does not harm the data in the volumes.
Use the
.Xr vinum 8
utility to configure and start
.Nm
.Nm
objects.
.Sh IOCTL CALLS
.Pa ioctl
@ -271,12 +271,12 @@ result, the
.Fl r
option of
.Xr disklabel 8 ,
which reads the
.if t ``raw disk'',
.if n "raw disk",
which reads the
.if t ``raw disk'',
.if n "raw disk",
will fail.
.Pp
In general,
In general,
.Xr disklabel 8
serves no useful purpose on a vinum volume. If you run it, it will show you
three partitions, a, b and c, all the same except for the fstype, for example:
@ -333,19 +333,19 @@ plexes and subdisks may be up to 64 characters long, and the names of drives may
up to 32 characters long. When choosing volume and plex names, bear in mind
that automatically generated plex and subdisk names are longer than the name
from which they are derived.
.Bl -bullet
.Bl -bullet
.It
When
.Xr vinum 8
creates or deletes objects, it creates a directory
.Pa /dev/vinum ,
in which it makes device entries for each volume it finds. It also creates
in which it makes device entries for each volume it finds. It also creates
subdirectories,
.Pa /dev/vinum/plex ,
.Pa /dev/vinum/sd
and
.Pa /dev/vinum/sd
and
.Pa /dev/vinum/rsd ,
in which it stores device entries for the plexes and subdisks.
in which it stores device entries for the plexes and subdisks.
.Pa /dev/vinum/sd
contains block device entries, while
.Pa /dev/vinum/rsd
@ -366,20 +366,20 @@ and
.Pa /dev/vinum/control
is used by
.Xr vinum 8
when it has been compiled without the VINUMDEBUG option,
when it has been compiled without the VINUMDEBUG option,
.Pa /dev/vinum/Control
is used by
.Xr vinum 8
when it has been compiled with the VINUMDEBUG option,
when it has been compiled with the VINUMDEBUG option,
and
.Pa /dev/vinum/controld
is used by the
is used by the
.Nm
daemon. The two control devices for
.Xr vinum 8
are used to synchronize the debug status of kernel and user modules.
.It
Unlike
Unlike
.Nm UNIX
drives,
.Nm
@ -394,12 +394,12 @@ end in the letters
to
.Ar c ,
you must use the
.Fl v
.Fl v
flag to
.Nm newfs
in order to tell it to ignore this convention.
.\"
.It
.It
Plexes do not need to be assigned explicit names. By default, a plex name is
the name of the volume followed by the letters \f(CW.p\fR and the number of the
plex. For example, the plexes of volume
@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ are called
and so on.
.br
.It
By contrast,
By contrast,
.Nm drives
must be named. This makes it possible to move a drive to a different location
and still recognize it automatically. Drive names may be up to 32 characters
@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ long.
.Pp
EXAMPLE
.Pp
Assume the
Assume the
.Nm
objects described in the section CONFIGURATION FILE in
.Xr vinum 8 .
@ -588,14 +588,14 @@ crwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 91, 4 Mar 30 16:08 rvol5
.Pp
In the case of unattached plexes and subdisks, the naming is reversed. Subdisks
are named after the disk on which they are located, and plexes are named after
the subdisk.
the subdisk.
.\" XXX
.Nm This mapping is still to be determined.
.Ss OBJECT STATES
.Pp
Each
.Nm
object has a \fIstate\fR associated with it.
object has a \fIstate\fR associated with it.
.Nm
uses this state to determine the handling of the object.
.Pp
@ -725,7 +725,7 @@ yet implemented.
The RAID-5 functionality is new in
.Fx 3.3 .
Some problems have been
reported with
reported with
.Nm
in combination with soft updates, but these are not reproducible on all
systems. If you are planning to use
@ -797,10 +797,10 @@ sd name obj.p1.s3 drive drive4 plex obj.p1 state up len 204800b driveoffset 4098
.if t .ps
.Pp
The first line contains the
.Nm
.Nm
label and must start with the text
.Li IN VINO .
It also contains the name of the system. The exact definition is contained in
It also contains the name of the system. The exact definition is contained in
.Pa /usr/src/sys/dev/vinum/vinumvar.h .
The saved configuration starts in the middle of the line with the text
.Li volume obj state up
@ -827,10 +827,10 @@ command if you have this kind of trouble.
.Pp
In order to analyse a panic which you suspect comes from
.Nm
you will need to build a debug kernel. See the online handbook at
.Pa /usr/share/doc/handbook/kerneldebug.html
you will need to build a debug kernel. See the online handbook at
.Pa /usr/share/doc/handbook/kerneldebug.html
(if installed) or
.Pa http://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/kerneldebug.html
.Pa http://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/kerneldebug.html
for more details of how to do this.
.Pp
Perform the following steps to analyse a
@ -842,14 +842,14 @@ Copy the files
.Pa /usr/src/sys/modules/vinum/.gdbinit.crash ,
.Pa /usr/src/sys/modules/vinum/.gdbinit.kernel ,
.Pa /usr/src/sys/modules/vinum/.gdbinit.serial ,
.Pa /usr/src/sys/modules/vinum/.gdbinit.vinum
.Pa /usr/src/sys/modules/vinum/.gdbinit.vinum
and
.Pa /usr/src/sys/modules/vinum/.gdbinit.vinum.paths
to the directory in which you will be performing the analysis, typically
.Pa /var/crash .
.It
Make sure that you build the
.Nm
.Nm
module with debugging information. The standard
.Pa Makefile
builds a module with debugging symbols by default. If the version of
@ -860,8 +860,8 @@ does not contain symbols, you will not get an error message, but the stack trace
will not show the symbols. Check the module before starting
.Nm gdb :
.Bd -literal
$ file /modules/vinum.ko
/modules/vinum.ko: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386,
$ file /modules/vinum.ko
/modules/vinum.ko: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386,
version 1 (FreeBSD), not stripped
.Ed
.Pp
@ -886,9 +886,9 @@ Either take a dump or use remote serial
.Cm gdb
to analyse the problem. To analyse a dump, say
.Pa /var/crash/vmcore.5 ,
link
link
.Pa /var/crash/.gdbinit.crash
to
to
.Pa /var/crash/.gdbinit
and enter:
.Bd -literal
@ -900,10 +900,10 @@ This example assumes that you have installed the correct debug kernel at
.Pa /var/crash/kernel.debug .
If not, substitute the correct name of the debug kernel.
.Pp
To perform remote serial debugging,
link
To perform remote serial debugging,
link
.Pa /var/crash/.gdbinit.serial
to
to
.Pa /var/crash/.gdbinit
and enter
.Bd -literal
@ -911,7 +911,7 @@ and enter
# gdb -k kernel.debug
.Ed
.Pp
In this case, the
In this case, the
.Pa .gdbinit
file performs the functions necessary to establish connection. The remote
machine must already be in debug mode: enter the kernel debugger and select
@ -934,24 +934,24 @@ GDB 4.16 (i386-unknown-freebsd), Copyright 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Debugger (msg=0xf1093174 "vinum debug") at ../../i386/i386/db_interface.c:318
318 in_Debugger = 0;
#1 0xf108d9bc in vinumioctl (dev=0x40001900, cmd=0xc008464b, data=0xf6dedee0 "",
flag=0x3, p=0xf68b7940) at
flag=0x3, p=0xf68b7940) at
/usr/src/sys/modules/Vinum/../../dev/Vinum/vinumioctl.c:102
102 Debugger ("vinum debug");
(kgdb) bt
#0 Debugger (msg=0xf0f661ac "vinum debug") at ../../i386/i386/db_interface.c:318
#1 0xf0f60a7c in vinumioctl (dev=0x40001900, cmd=0xc008464b, data=0xf6923ed0 "",
flag=0x3, p=0xf688e6c0) at
#1 0xf0f60a7c in vinumioctl (dev=0x40001900, cmd=0xc008464b, data=0xf6923ed0 "",
flag=0x3, p=0xf688e6c0) at
/usr/src/sys/modules/vinum/../../dev/vinum/vinumioctl.c:109
#2 0xf01833b7 in spec_ioctl (ap=0xf6923e0c) at ../../miscfs/specfs/spec_vnops.c:424
#3 0xf0182cc9 in spec_vnoperate (ap=0xf6923e0c) at ../../miscfs/specfs/spec_vnops.c:129
#4 0xf01eb3c1 in ufs_vnoperatespec (ap=0xf6923e0c) at ../../ufs/ufs/ufs_vnops.c:2312
#5 0xf017dbb1 in vn_ioctl (fp=0xf1007ec0, com=0xc008464b, data=0xf6923ed0 "",
#5 0xf017dbb1 in vn_ioctl (fp=0xf1007ec0, com=0xc008464b, data=0xf6923ed0 "",
p=0xf688e6c0) at vnode_if.h:395
#6 0xf015dce0 in ioctl (p=0xf688e6c0, uap=0xf6923f84) at ../../kern/sys_generic.c:473
#7 0xf0214c0b in syscall (frame={tf_es = 0x27, tf_ds = 0x27, tf_edi = 0xefbfcff8,
tf_esi = 0x1, tf_ebp = 0xefbfcf90, tf_isp = 0xf6923fd4, tf_ebx = 0x2,
#7 0xf0214c0b in syscall (frame={tf_es = 0x27, tf_ds = 0x27, tf_edi = 0xefbfcff8,
tf_esi = 0x1, tf_ebp = 0xefbfcf90, tf_isp = 0xf6923fd4, tf_ebx = 0x2,
tf_edx = 0x804b614, tf_ecx = 0x8085d10, tf_eax = 0x36, tf_trapno = 0x7,
tf_err = 0x2, tf_eip = 0x8060a34, tf_cs = 0x1f, tf_eflags = 0x286,
tf_err = 0x2, tf_eip = 0x8060a34, tf_cs = 0x1f, tf_eflags = 0x286,
tf_esp = 0xefbfcf78, tf_ss = 0x27}) at ../../i386/i386/trap.c:1100
#8 0xf020a1fc in Xint0x80_syscall ()
#9 0x804832d in ?? ()
@ -1012,7 +1012,7 @@ first appeared in
.Fx 3.0 .
The RAID-5 component of
.Nm
was developed by Cybernet Inc.
was developed by Cybernet Inc.
.Pa www.cybernet.com
for its NetMAX product.
.Sh SEE ALSO