Eliminate references to the ``U word'' and make page conform to Berkeley
conventions for formatting. (Print it out on a PostScript printer to see the difference.)
This commit is contained in:
Garrett Wollman
parent
36ae463bf0
commit
fa93649905
Notes:
svn2git
2020-12-20 02:59:44 +00:00
svn path=/head/; revision=1079
@ -1,83 +1,141 @@
|
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.Dd November 7, 1993
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.TH SPKR 4
|
||||
.Dt SPKR 4
|
||||
.Os FreeBSD
|
||||
.SH NAME
|
||||
.Sh NAME
|
||||
.Nm spkr
|
||||
.Nd console speaker device driver
|
||||
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
||||
.Sh SYNOPSIS
|
||||
.Cd psuedo-device speaker
|
||||
.Fd #include <machine/speaker.h>
|
||||
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
||||
The speaker device driver allows applications to control the PC console
|
||||
speaker on an IBM-PC-compatible machine running UNIX.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Only one process may have this device open at any given time; open() and
|
||||
close() are used to lock and relinquish it. An attempt to open() when
|
||||
another process has the device locked will return -1 with an EBUSY error
|
||||
indication. Writes to the device are interpreted as 'play strings' in a
|
||||
simple ASCII melody notation. An ioctl() for tone generation at arbitrary
|
||||
speaker on an
|
||||
.Tn IBM-PC Ns --compatible
|
||||
machine running FreeBSD.
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
Only one process may have this device open at any given time;
|
||||
.Xr open 2
|
||||
and
|
||||
.Xr close 2
|
||||
are used to lock and relinquish it. An attempt to open when
|
||||
another process has the device locked will return -1 with an
|
||||
.Er EBUSY
|
||||
error
|
||||
indication. Writes to the device are interpreted as `play strings' in a
|
||||
simple ASCII melody notation. An
|
||||
.Xr ioctl 2
|
||||
request
|
||||
for tone generation at arbitrary
|
||||
frequencies is also supported.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Sound-generation does \fInot\fR monopolize the processor; in fact, the driver
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
Sound-generation does not monopolize the processor; in fact, the driver
|
||||
spends most of its time sleeping while the PC hardware is emitting
|
||||
tones. Other processes may emit beeps while the driver is running.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Applications may call ioctl() on a speaker file descriptor to control the
|
||||
speaker driver directly; definitions for the ioctl() interface are in
|
||||
machine/speaker.h. The tone_t structure used in these calls has two fields,
|
||||
specifying a frequency (in hz) and a duration (in 1/100ths of a second).
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
Applications may call
|
||||
.Xr ioctl 2
|
||||
on a speaker file descriptor to control the
|
||||
speaker driver directly; definitions for the
|
||||
.Xr ioctl 2
|
||||
interface are in
|
||||
.Pa /usr/include/machine/speaker.h .
|
||||
The
|
||||
.Li tone_t
|
||||
structure used in these calls has two fields,
|
||||
specifying a frequency (in Hz) and a duration (in 1/100ths of a second).
|
||||
A frequency of zero is interpreted as a rest.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
At present there are two such ioctls. SPKRTONE accepts a pointer to a
|
||||
single tone structure as third argument and plays it. SPKRTUNE accepts a
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
At present there are two such
|
||||
.Xr ioctl 2
|
||||
calls.
|
||||
.Dv SPKRTONE
|
||||
accepts a pointer to a
|
||||
single tone structure as third argument and plays it.
|
||||
.Dv SPKRTUNE
|
||||
accepts a
|
||||
pointer to the first of an array of tone structures and plays them in
|
||||
continuous sequence; this array must be terminated by a final member with
|
||||
a zero duration.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
The play-string language is modelled on the PLAY statement conventions of
|
||||
IBM BASIC 2.0. The MB, MF and X primitives of PLAY are not useful in a UNIX
|
||||
environment and are omitted. The `octave-tracking' feature and the slur
|
||||
mark are new.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.Tn IBM
|
||||
Advanced BASIC 2.0. The
|
||||
.Li MB ,
|
||||
.Li MF ,
|
||||
and
|
||||
.Li X
|
||||
primitives of PLAY are not
|
||||
useful in a timesharing environment and are omitted. The `octave-tracking'
|
||||
feature and the slur mark are new.
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
There are 84 accessible notes numbered 1-83 in 7 octaves, each running from
|
||||
C to B, numbered 0-6; the scale is equal-tempered A440 and octave 3 starts
|
||||
with middle C. By default, the play function emits half-second notes with the
|
||||
with middle C. By default, the play function emits half-second notes with the
|
||||
last 1/16th second being `rest time'.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
Play strings are interpreted left to right as a series of play command groups;
|
||||
letter case is ignored. Play command groups are as follows:
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
CDEFGAB -- letters A through G cause the corresponding note to be played in the
|
||||
current octave. A note letter may optionally be followed by an \fIaccidental
|
||||
sign\fR, one of # + or -; the first two of these cause it to be sharped one
|
||||
half-tone, the last causes it to be flatted one half-tone. It may also be
|
||||
followed by a time value number and by sustain dots (see below). Time values
|
||||
are interpreted as for the L command below.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
O <n> -- if <n> is numeric, this sets the current octave. <n> may also be one
|
||||
of 'L' or 'N' to enable or disable octave-tracking (it is disabled by default).
|
||||
When octave-tracking is on, interpretation of a pair of letter notes will
|
||||
change octaves if necessary in order to make the smallest possible jump between
|
||||
notes. Thus "olbc" will be played as "olb>c", and "olcb" as "olc<b". Octave
|
||||
locking is disabled for one letter note following >, < and O[0123456].
|
||||
(The octave-locking feature is not supported in Microsoft Basic.)
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
> -- bump the current octave up one.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
< -- drop the current octave down one.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
N <n> -- play note n, n being 1 to 84 or 0 for a rest of current time value.
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width CDEFGABxx
|
||||
.It Li CDEFGAB
|
||||
Letters A through G cause the corresponding note to be played in the
|
||||
current octave. A note letter may optionally be followed by an
|
||||
.Dq Em "accidental sign" ,
|
||||
one of # + or -; the first two of these cause it to be sharped one
|
||||
half-tone, the last causes it to be flatted one half-tone. It may
|
||||
also be followed by a time value number and by sustain dots (see
|
||||
below). Time values are interpreted as for the L command below.
|
||||
.It Ns Li O Sy n
|
||||
If
|
||||
.Sy n
|
||||
is numeric, this sets the current octave.
|
||||
.Sy n
|
||||
may also be one of
|
||||
.Li L
|
||||
or
|
||||
.Li N
|
||||
to enable or disable octave-tracking (it is disabled by default).
|
||||
When octave-tracking is on, interpretation of a pair of letter notes
|
||||
will change octaves if necessary in order to make the smallest
|
||||
possible jump between notes. Thus ``olbc'' will be played as
|
||||
``olb>c'', and ``olcb'' as ``olc<b''. Octave locking is disabled for
|
||||
one letter note following >, < and O[0123456]. (The octave-locking
|
||||
feature is not supported in
|
||||
.Tn IBM
|
||||
BASIC.)
|
||||
.It Li >
|
||||
Bump the current octave up one.
|
||||
.It Li <
|
||||
Drop the current octave down one.
|
||||
.It Ns Li N Sy n
|
||||
Play note
|
||||
.Sy n ,
|
||||
.Sy n
|
||||
being 1 to 84 or 0 for a rest of current time value.
|
||||
May be followed by sustain dots.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
L <n> -- sets the current time value for notes. The default is L4, quarter or
|
||||
crotchet notes. The lowest possible value is 1; values up to 64 are accepted.
|
||||
L1 sets whole notes, L2 sets half notes, L4 sets quarter notes, etc..
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
P <n> -- pause (rest), with <n> interpreted as for L. May be followed by
|
||||
sustain dots. May also be written '~'.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
T <n> -- Sets the number of quarter notes per minute; default is 120. Musical
|
||||
.It Ns Li L Sy n
|
||||
Sets the current time value for notes. The default is
|
||||
.Li L4 ,
|
||||
quarter or crotchet notes. The lowest possible value is 1; values up
|
||||
to 64 are accepted.
|
||||
.Li L1
|
||||
sets whole notes,
|
||||
.Li L2
|
||||
sets half notes,
|
||||
.Li L4
|
||||
sets quarter notes, etc.
|
||||
.It Ns Li P Sy n
|
||||
Pause (rest), with
|
||||
.Sy n
|
||||
interpreted as for
|
||||
.Ns Li L Sy n .
|
||||
May be followed by
|
||||
sustain dots. May also be written
|
||||
.Li ~ .
|
||||
.It Ns Li T Sy n
|
||||
Sets the number of quarter notes per minute; default is 120. Musical
|
||||
names for common tempi are:
|
||||
|
||||
.TS
|
||||
a a a.
|
||||
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
||||
Tempo Beats Per Minute
|
||||
very slow Larghissimo
|
||||
Largo 40-60
|
||||
@ -95,41 +153,65 @@ fast Allegretto
|
||||
Veloce
|
||||
Presto 168-208
|
||||
very fast Prestissimo
|
||||
.TE
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
M[LNS] -- set articulation. MN (N for normal) is the default; the last 1/8th of
|
||||
the note's value is rest time. You can set ML for legato (no rest space) or
|
||||
MS (staccato) 1/4 rest space.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Notes (that is, CDEFGAB or N command character groups) may be followed by
|
||||
.Ed
|
||||
.It Li M[LNS]
|
||||
Set articulation.
|
||||
.Li MN
|
||||
.Ns No ( Li N
|
||||
for normal) is the default; the last 1/8th of
|
||||
the note's value is rest time. You can set
|
||||
.Li ML
|
||||
for legato (no rest space) or
|
||||
.Li MS
|
||||
for staccato (1/4 rest space).
|
||||
.El
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
Notes (that is,
|
||||
.Li CDEFGAB
|
||||
or
|
||||
.Li N
|
||||
command character groups) may be followed by
|
||||
sustain dots. Each dot causes the note's value to be lengthened by one-half
|
||||
for each one. Thus, a note dotted once is held for 3/2 of its undotted value;
|
||||
dotted twice, it is held 9/4, and three times would give 27/8.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
A note and its sustain dots may also be followed by a slur mark (underscore).
|
||||
This causes the normal micro-rest after the note to be filled in, slurring it
|
||||
to the next one. (The slur feature is not supported in Microsoft Basic.)
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
to the next one. (The slur feature is not supported in
|
||||
.Tn IBM
|
||||
BASIC.)
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
Whitespace in play strings is simply skipped and may be used to separate
|
||||
melody sections.
|
||||
.SH BUGS
|
||||
.Sh BUGS
|
||||
Due to roundoff in the pitch tables and slop in the tone-generation and timer
|
||||
hardware (neither of which was designed for precision), neither pitch accuracy
|
||||
nor timings will be mathematically exact. There is no volume control.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
The action of two or more sustain dots does not reflect standard musical
|
||||
notation, in which each dot adds half the value of the previous dot
|
||||
modifier, not half the value of the note as modified. Thus, a note dotted
|
||||
once is held for 3/2 of its undotted value; dotted twice, it is held 7/4,
|
||||
and three times would give 15/8. The multiply-by-3/2 interpretation,
|
||||
however, is specified in the IBM BASIC manual and has been retained for
|
||||
however, is specified in the
|
||||
.Tn IBM
|
||||
BASIC manual and has been retained for
|
||||
compatibility.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
In play strings which are very long (longer than your system's physical I/O
|
||||
blocks) note suffixes or numbers may occasionally be parsed incorrectly due
|
||||
to crossing a block boundary.
|
||||
.SH FILES
|
||||
/dev/speaker -- speaker device file
|
||||
.SH AUTHOR
|
||||
.Sh FILES
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width /dev/speakerxx
|
||||
.It Pa /dev/speaker
|
||||
speaker device file
|
||||
.El
|
||||
.Sh AUTHOR
|
||||
Eric S. Raymond <esr@snark.thyrsus.com) June 1990
|
||||
FreeBSD port -- Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su>
|
||||
.Sh "PORTED BY"
|
||||
Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su>
|
||||
.Sh HISTORY
|
||||
The
|
||||
.Nm
|
||||
device appeared in
|
||||
.Fx 1.0 .
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,83 +1,141 @@
|
||||
.Dd November 7, 1993
|
||||
.TH SPKR 4
|
||||
.Dt SPKR 4
|
||||
.Os FreeBSD
|
||||
.SH NAME
|
||||
.Sh NAME
|
||||
.Nm spkr
|
||||
.Nd console speaker device driver
|
||||
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
||||
.Sh SYNOPSIS
|
||||
.Cd psuedo-device speaker
|
||||
.Fd #include <machine/speaker.h>
|
||||
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
||||
The speaker device driver allows applications to control the PC console
|
||||
speaker on an IBM-PC-compatible machine running UNIX.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Only one process may have this device open at any given time; open() and
|
||||
close() are used to lock and relinquish it. An attempt to open() when
|
||||
another process has the device locked will return -1 with an EBUSY error
|
||||
indication. Writes to the device are interpreted as 'play strings' in a
|
||||
simple ASCII melody notation. An ioctl() for tone generation at arbitrary
|
||||
speaker on an
|
||||
.Tn IBM-PC Ns --compatible
|
||||
machine running FreeBSD.
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
Only one process may have this device open at any given time;
|
||||
.Xr open 2
|
||||
and
|
||||
.Xr close 2
|
||||
are used to lock and relinquish it. An attempt to open when
|
||||
another process has the device locked will return -1 with an
|
||||
.Er EBUSY
|
||||
error
|
||||
indication. Writes to the device are interpreted as `play strings' in a
|
||||
simple ASCII melody notation. An
|
||||
.Xr ioctl 2
|
||||
request
|
||||
for tone generation at arbitrary
|
||||
frequencies is also supported.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Sound-generation does \fInot\fR monopolize the processor; in fact, the driver
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
Sound-generation does not monopolize the processor; in fact, the driver
|
||||
spends most of its time sleeping while the PC hardware is emitting
|
||||
tones. Other processes may emit beeps while the driver is running.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Applications may call ioctl() on a speaker file descriptor to control the
|
||||
speaker driver directly; definitions for the ioctl() interface are in
|
||||
machine/speaker.h. The tone_t structure used in these calls has two fields,
|
||||
specifying a frequency (in hz) and a duration (in 1/100ths of a second).
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
Applications may call
|
||||
.Xr ioctl 2
|
||||
on a speaker file descriptor to control the
|
||||
speaker driver directly; definitions for the
|
||||
.Xr ioctl 2
|
||||
interface are in
|
||||
.Pa /usr/include/machine/speaker.h .
|
||||
The
|
||||
.Li tone_t
|
||||
structure used in these calls has two fields,
|
||||
specifying a frequency (in Hz) and a duration (in 1/100ths of a second).
|
||||
A frequency of zero is interpreted as a rest.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
At present there are two such ioctls. SPKRTONE accepts a pointer to a
|
||||
single tone structure as third argument and plays it. SPKRTUNE accepts a
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
At present there are two such
|
||||
.Xr ioctl 2
|
||||
calls.
|
||||
.Dv SPKRTONE
|
||||
accepts a pointer to a
|
||||
single tone structure as third argument and plays it.
|
||||
.Dv SPKRTUNE
|
||||
accepts a
|
||||
pointer to the first of an array of tone structures and plays them in
|
||||
continuous sequence; this array must be terminated by a final member with
|
||||
a zero duration.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
The play-string language is modelled on the PLAY statement conventions of
|
||||
IBM BASIC 2.0. The MB, MF and X primitives of PLAY are not useful in a UNIX
|
||||
environment and are omitted. The `octave-tracking' feature and the slur
|
||||
mark are new.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.Tn IBM
|
||||
Advanced BASIC 2.0. The
|
||||
.Li MB ,
|
||||
.Li MF ,
|
||||
and
|
||||
.Li X
|
||||
primitives of PLAY are not
|
||||
useful in a timesharing environment and are omitted. The `octave-tracking'
|
||||
feature and the slur mark are new.
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
There are 84 accessible notes numbered 1-83 in 7 octaves, each running from
|
||||
C to B, numbered 0-6; the scale is equal-tempered A440 and octave 3 starts
|
||||
with middle C. By default, the play function emits half-second notes with the
|
||||
with middle C. By default, the play function emits half-second notes with the
|
||||
last 1/16th second being `rest time'.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
Play strings are interpreted left to right as a series of play command groups;
|
||||
letter case is ignored. Play command groups are as follows:
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
CDEFGAB -- letters A through G cause the corresponding note to be played in the
|
||||
current octave. A note letter may optionally be followed by an \fIaccidental
|
||||
sign\fR, one of # + or -; the first two of these cause it to be sharped one
|
||||
half-tone, the last causes it to be flatted one half-tone. It may also be
|
||||
followed by a time value number and by sustain dots (see below). Time values
|
||||
are interpreted as for the L command below.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
O <n> -- if <n> is numeric, this sets the current octave. <n> may also be one
|
||||
of 'L' or 'N' to enable or disable octave-tracking (it is disabled by default).
|
||||
When octave-tracking is on, interpretation of a pair of letter notes will
|
||||
change octaves if necessary in order to make the smallest possible jump between
|
||||
notes. Thus "olbc" will be played as "olb>c", and "olcb" as "olc<b". Octave
|
||||
locking is disabled for one letter note following >, < and O[0123456].
|
||||
(The octave-locking feature is not supported in Microsoft Basic.)
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
> -- bump the current octave up one.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
< -- drop the current octave down one.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
N <n> -- play note n, n being 1 to 84 or 0 for a rest of current time value.
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width CDEFGABxx
|
||||
.It Li CDEFGAB
|
||||
Letters A through G cause the corresponding note to be played in the
|
||||
current octave. A note letter may optionally be followed by an
|
||||
.Dq Em "accidental sign" ,
|
||||
one of # + or -; the first two of these cause it to be sharped one
|
||||
half-tone, the last causes it to be flatted one half-tone. It may
|
||||
also be followed by a time value number and by sustain dots (see
|
||||
below). Time values are interpreted as for the L command below.
|
||||
.It Ns Li O Sy n
|
||||
If
|
||||
.Sy n
|
||||
is numeric, this sets the current octave.
|
||||
.Sy n
|
||||
may also be one of
|
||||
.Li L
|
||||
or
|
||||
.Li N
|
||||
to enable or disable octave-tracking (it is disabled by default).
|
||||
When octave-tracking is on, interpretation of a pair of letter notes
|
||||
will change octaves if necessary in order to make the smallest
|
||||
possible jump between notes. Thus ``olbc'' will be played as
|
||||
``olb>c'', and ``olcb'' as ``olc<b''. Octave locking is disabled for
|
||||
one letter note following >, < and O[0123456]. (The octave-locking
|
||||
feature is not supported in
|
||||
.Tn IBM
|
||||
BASIC.)
|
||||
.It Li >
|
||||
Bump the current octave up one.
|
||||
.It Li <
|
||||
Drop the current octave down one.
|
||||
.It Ns Li N Sy n
|
||||
Play note
|
||||
.Sy n ,
|
||||
.Sy n
|
||||
being 1 to 84 or 0 for a rest of current time value.
|
||||
May be followed by sustain dots.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
L <n> -- sets the current time value for notes. The default is L4, quarter or
|
||||
crotchet notes. The lowest possible value is 1; values up to 64 are accepted.
|
||||
L1 sets whole notes, L2 sets half notes, L4 sets quarter notes, etc..
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
P <n> -- pause (rest), with <n> interpreted as for L. May be followed by
|
||||
sustain dots. May also be written '~'.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
T <n> -- Sets the number of quarter notes per minute; default is 120. Musical
|
||||
.It Ns Li L Sy n
|
||||
Sets the current time value for notes. The default is
|
||||
.Li L4 ,
|
||||
quarter or crotchet notes. The lowest possible value is 1; values up
|
||||
to 64 are accepted.
|
||||
.Li L1
|
||||
sets whole notes,
|
||||
.Li L2
|
||||
sets half notes,
|
||||
.Li L4
|
||||
sets quarter notes, etc.
|
||||
.It Ns Li P Sy n
|
||||
Pause (rest), with
|
||||
.Sy n
|
||||
interpreted as for
|
||||
.Ns Li L Sy n .
|
||||
May be followed by
|
||||
sustain dots. May also be written
|
||||
.Li ~ .
|
||||
.It Ns Li T Sy n
|
||||
Sets the number of quarter notes per minute; default is 120. Musical
|
||||
names for common tempi are:
|
||||
|
||||
.TS
|
||||
a a a.
|
||||
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
||||
Tempo Beats Per Minute
|
||||
very slow Larghissimo
|
||||
Largo 40-60
|
||||
@ -95,41 +153,65 @@ fast Allegretto
|
||||
Veloce
|
||||
Presto 168-208
|
||||
very fast Prestissimo
|
||||
.TE
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
M[LNS] -- set articulation. MN (N for normal) is the default; the last 1/8th of
|
||||
the note's value is rest time. You can set ML for legato (no rest space) or
|
||||
MS (staccato) 1/4 rest space.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Notes (that is, CDEFGAB or N command character groups) may be followed by
|
||||
.Ed
|
||||
.It Li M[LNS]
|
||||
Set articulation.
|
||||
.Li MN
|
||||
.Ns No ( Li N
|
||||
for normal) is the default; the last 1/8th of
|
||||
the note's value is rest time. You can set
|
||||
.Li ML
|
||||
for legato (no rest space) or
|
||||
.Li MS
|
||||
for staccato (1/4 rest space).
|
||||
.El
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
Notes (that is,
|
||||
.Li CDEFGAB
|
||||
or
|
||||
.Li N
|
||||
command character groups) may be followed by
|
||||
sustain dots. Each dot causes the note's value to be lengthened by one-half
|
||||
for each one. Thus, a note dotted once is held for 3/2 of its undotted value;
|
||||
dotted twice, it is held 9/4, and three times would give 27/8.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
A note and its sustain dots may also be followed by a slur mark (underscore).
|
||||
This causes the normal micro-rest after the note to be filled in, slurring it
|
||||
to the next one. (The slur feature is not supported in Microsoft Basic.)
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
to the next one. (The slur feature is not supported in
|
||||
.Tn IBM
|
||||
BASIC.)
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
Whitespace in play strings is simply skipped and may be used to separate
|
||||
melody sections.
|
||||
.SH BUGS
|
||||
.Sh BUGS
|
||||
Due to roundoff in the pitch tables and slop in the tone-generation and timer
|
||||
hardware (neither of which was designed for precision), neither pitch accuracy
|
||||
nor timings will be mathematically exact. There is no volume control.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
The action of two or more sustain dots does not reflect standard musical
|
||||
notation, in which each dot adds half the value of the previous dot
|
||||
modifier, not half the value of the note as modified. Thus, a note dotted
|
||||
once is held for 3/2 of its undotted value; dotted twice, it is held 7/4,
|
||||
and three times would give 15/8. The multiply-by-3/2 interpretation,
|
||||
however, is specified in the IBM BASIC manual and has been retained for
|
||||
however, is specified in the
|
||||
.Tn IBM
|
||||
BASIC manual and has been retained for
|
||||
compatibility.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
In play strings which are very long (longer than your system's physical I/O
|
||||
blocks) note suffixes or numbers may occasionally be parsed incorrectly due
|
||||
to crossing a block boundary.
|
||||
.SH FILES
|
||||
/dev/speaker -- speaker device file
|
||||
.SH AUTHOR
|
||||
.Sh FILES
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width /dev/speakerxx
|
||||
.It Pa /dev/speaker
|
||||
speaker device file
|
||||
.El
|
||||
.Sh AUTHOR
|
||||
Eric S. Raymond <esr@snark.thyrsus.com) June 1990
|
||||
FreeBSD port -- Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su>
|
||||
.Sh "PORTED BY"
|
||||
Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su>
|
||||
.Sh HISTORY
|
||||
The
|
||||
.Nm
|
||||
device appeared in
|
||||
.Fx 1.0 .
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user