- Reformat the entire man page
- Create a proper synopsis section
- Use itemized-lists to describe each flag, rather than paragraphs
- Cross-reference common flags to a 'general flags' sub-section with short
inline description of the flag
- Label 'general flags' sub-section
- Apply additional fixes suggested by wblock, brueffer, and bdrewery
- Update .Dd that got undone previously
- Change the order of the .Op Fl to be alphabetical
- Add the -i | -I interface flags to the description of 'interface
display mode'
- Fix missing parameters in man page
- Fix missing parameters in usage()
- Sync man page and usage()
MFC Note: stable/9 and stable/10 do not have -R, will need to be removed
when merged
CR: D58
Reviewed by: brueffer, bcr
Approved by: wblock (mentor)
MFC after: 7 days
Sponsored by: ScaleEngine Inc.
- Increase WID_IF_DEFAULT() from 6 to 8 (the default for AF_INET6) because
we have interfaces with longer names than 6 chars like epairN{a,b}.
- Style fixes.
This is intended to help in diagnostics and debugging of NIC and stack
flowid support.
Eventually this will grow another column (RSS CPU ID) but
that currently isn't cached in the inpcb.
There's also no clean flowtype -> flowtype identifier string. This is
the mbuf M_HASHTYPE_* values for RSS.
Here's some example output:
adrian@adrian-hackbox:~/work/freebsd/head/src % netstat -Rn | more
Active Internet connections
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address flowid ftype
tcp4 0 0 10.11.1.65.22 10.11.1.64.12409 29041942 2
udp4 0 0 127.0.0.1.123 *.* 00000000 0
udp6 0 0 fe80::1%lo0.123 *.* 00000000 0
udp6 0 0 ::1.123 *.* 00000000 0
udp4 0 0 10.11.1.65.123 *.* 00000000 0
Tested:
* amd64 system w/ igb NIC; local driver changes to expose RSS flowid in if_igb.
same events that tcpstat's tcps_rcvmemdrop counter counts.
- Rename tcps_rcvmemdrop to tcps_rcvreassfull and improve its
description in netstat(1) output.
Sponsored by: Netflix
Sponsored by: Nginx, Inc.
netstat has two options for printing multicast tables:
sysctl (the default one for live systems) and kvm-based one (for cores).
It looks like kvm-based one hasn't been working since it's been introduced
in r190012 due to absence of mfctablesize kernel symbol.
Check for all ipv4-multicast symbols being correctly resolved was introduced
in r259638 regardless of 'live' value leading to "No IPv4 MROUTING" error
message.
Reported by: Olivier Cochard-Labbé
MFC after: 1 week
AppleTalk was a network transport protocol for Apple Macintosh devices
in 80s and then 90s. Starting with Mac OS X in 2000 the AppleTalk was
a legacy protocol and primary networking protocol is TCP/IP. The last
Mac OS X release to support AppleTalk happened in 2009. The same year
routing equipment vendors (namely Cisco) end their support.
Thus, AppleTalk won't be supported in FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE.
IPX was a network transport protocol in Novell's NetWare network operating
system from late 80s and then 90s. The NetWare itself switched to TCP/IP
as default transport in 1998. Later, in this century the Novell Open
Enterprise Server became successor of Novell NetWare. The last release
that claimed to still support IPX was OES 2 in 2007. Routing equipment
vendors (e.g. Cisco) discontinued support for IPX in 2011.
Thus, IPX won't be supported in FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE.
interface, in the r241616 a crutch was provided. It didn't work well, and
finally we decided that it is time to break ABI and simply make if_baudrate
a 64-bit value. Meanwhile, the entire struct if_data was reviewed.
o Remove the if_baudrate_pf crutch.
o Make all fields of struct if_data fixed machine independent size. The
notion of data (packet counters, etc) are by no means MD. And it is a
bug that on amd64 we've got a 64-bit counters, while on i386 32-bit,
which at modern speeds overflow within a second.
This also removes quite a lot of COMPAT_FREEBSD32 code.
o Give 16 bit for the ifi_datalen field. This field was provided to
make future changes to if_data less ABI breaking. Unfortunately the
8 bit size of it had effectively limited sizeof if_data to 256 bytes.
o Give 32 bits to ifi_mtu and ifi_metric.
o Give 64 bits to the rest of fields, since they are counters.
__FreeBSD_version bumped.
Discussed with: emax
Sponsored by: Netflix
Sponsored by: Nginx, Inc.
- Use counter(9) for rt_pksent (former rt_rmx.rmx_pksent). This
removes another cache trashing ++ from packet forwarding path.
- Create zini/fini methods for the rtentry UMA zone. Via initialize
mutex and counter in them.
- Fix reporting of rmx_pksent to routing socket.
- Fix netstat(1) to report "Use" both in kvm(3) and sysctl(3) mode.
The change is mostly targeted for stable/10 merge. For head,
rt_pksent is expected to just disappear.
Discussed with: melifaro
Sponsored by: Netflix
Sponsored by: Nginx, Inc.
insert flow entry. During the route lookup the critical section is
exited. It may happen, that after route lookup we will be executed
on an other CPU that already has such flowentry. Before this change
we simply freed the flowentry and returned to ip_output() with
failure.
Actually there is nothing wrong with using previously allocated
flow entry, updating it properly. Thus, make flowentry_insert()
return the new either old fle, and make use of it.
Count reuses as "collisions" and real inserts as "inserts".
Reviewed by: adrian
Sponsored by: Netflix
Sponsored by: Nginx, Inc.
Some of the collisions that are occuring are due to flowtable lookups
that succeed but have an invalid lle - typically because the L2 adjacency
lookup hasn't completed. This would lead to a follow-up insert which
would then fail (ie, collision) and the code would fall through to doing
a slow-path L2/L3 lookup in the netinet/netinet6 code.
This patch simply aborts storing a new flowtable entry if the lle isn't
yet valid.
Whilst I'm here, add a new pcpu counter for the item so the number of
failures can be tracked separately from generic "collisions."
Reviewed by: glebius
MFC after: 10 days
Sponsored by: Netflix, Inc.
- ip_output() and ip_output6() simply call flowtable_lookup(),
passing mbuf and address family. That's the only code under
#ifdef FLOWTABLE in the protocols code now.
o Revamp statistics gathering and export.
- Remove hand made pcpu stats, and utilize counter(9).
- Snapshot of statistics is available via 'netstat -rs'.
- All sysctls are moved into net.flowtable namespace, since
spreading them over net.inet isn't correct.
o Properly separate at compile time INET and INET6 parts.
o General cleanup.
- Remove chain of multiple flowtables. We simply have one for
IPv4 and one for IPv6.
- Flowtables are allocated in flowtable.c, symbols are static.
- With proper argument to SYSINIT() we no longer need flowtable_ready.
- Hash salt doesn't need to be per-VNET.
- Removed rudimentary debugging, which use quite useless in dtrace era.
The runtime behavior of flowtable shouldn't be changed by this commit.
Sponsored by: Netflix
Sponsored by: Nginx, Inc.
necessary symbols needed per subsystem. Main kvm(3) init is now delayed
as much as possbile. This finally fixes performance issues reported in
kern/167204.
Some non-working code (ng_socket.ko symbol addresses calculation) removed.
Some global variables eliminated.
PR: kern/167204
MFC after: 4 weeks
instead of peeking inside in-kernel radix via kget.
This permits us to change kernel structures without breaking userland.
Additionally, this change provide more reliable and faster output.
`Refs` and `Use` fields available in IPv4 by default (and via -W
for other families) were removed. `Refs` is radix-specific thing
which is not informative for users. `Use` field value is handy sometimes,
but a) current API does not support it and b) I'm not sure we will
support per-rte pcpu counters in near future.
Old method of retrieving data is still supported (either by defining
NewTree=0 or running netstat with -A). However, Refs/Use fields are
hidden.
Sponsored by: Yandex LLC
MFC after: 4 weeks
PR: kern/167204
libkvm digging in kernel memory. This is possible since r231506 made
getifaddrs(3) to supply if_data for each ifaddr.
The pros of this change is that now netstat(1) doesn't know about kernel
struct ifnet and struct ifaddr. And these structs are about to change
significantly in head soon. New netstat binary will work well with 10.0
and any future kernel.
The cons is that now it isn't possible to obtain interface statistics
from a vmcore.
Functions intpr() and sidewaysintpr() were rewritten from scratch.
The output of netstat(1) has underwent the following changes:
1) The MTU is not printed for protocol addresses, since it has no notion.
Dash is printed instead. If there would be a strong desire to return
previous output, it is doable.
2) Output interface queue drops are not printed. Currently this data isn't
available to userland via any API. We plan to drop 'struct ifqueue' from
'struct ifnet' very soon, so old kvm(3) access to queue drops is soon
to be broken, too. The plan is that drivers would handle their queues
theirselves and a new field in if_data would be updated in case of drops.
3) In-kernel reference count for multicast addresses isn't printed. I doubt
that anyone used it. Anyway, netstat(1) is sysadmin tool, not kernel
debugger.
Sponsored by: Netflix
Sponsored by: Nginx, Inc.
structure is used, but they already have equal fields in the struct
newipsecstat, that was introduced with FAST_IPSEC and then was merged
together with old ipsecstat structure.
This fixes kernel stack overflow on some architectures after migration
ipsecstat to PCPU counters.
Reported by: Taku YAMAMOTO, Maciej Milewski
Convert 'struct ipstat' and 'struct tcpstat' to counter(9).
This speeds up IP forwarding at extreme packet rates, and
makes accounting more precise.
Sponsored by: Nginx, Inc.
userland via routing socket or sysctl. This eliminates the following
KAME-specific sin6_scope_id handling routine from each userland utility:
sin6.sin6_scope_id = ntohs(*(u_int16_t *)&sin6.sin6_addr.s6_addr[2]);
This behavior can be controlled by net.inet6.ip6.deembed_scopeid. This is
set to 1 by default (sin6_scope_id will be filled in the kernel).
Reviewed by: bz
Machines can stall out because mbufs are low, however sometimes we won't
see "requests denied", instead we see user land processes or kernel threads
blocking waiting for mbufs because they set M_WAIT. These consumers do not
see errors, only stalling.
Unfortunately until now, netstat did not export this information
so you could have experienced an mbuf shortage and have no way of
seeing it unless you happen to run netstat at the exact time of the
shortage and see "in use" = "max".
By exporting the number of times processes are blocked, we can
effectively see how often non-interrupt context threads are effectively
"denied".
MFC after: 2 weeks
- Stateful TCP offload drivers for Terminator 3 and 4 (T3 and T4) ASICs.
These are available as t3_tom and t4_tom modules that augment cxgb(4)
and cxgbe(4) respectively. The cxgb/cxgbe drivers continue to work as
usual with or without these extra features.
- iWARP driver for Terminator 3 ASIC (kernel verbs). T4 iWARP in the
works and will follow soon.
Build-tested with make universe.
30s overview
============
What interfaces support TCP offload? Look for TOE4 and/or TOE6 in the
capabilities of an interface:
# ifconfig -m | grep TOE
Enable/disable TCP offload on an interface (just like any other ifnet
capability):
# ifconfig cxgbe0 toe
# ifconfig cxgbe0 -toe
Which connections are offloaded? Look for toe4 and/or toe6 in the
output of netstat and sockstat:
# netstat -np tcp | grep toe
# sockstat -46c | grep toe
Reviewed by: bz, gnn
Sponsored by: Chelsio communications.
MFC after: ~3 months (after 9.1, and after ensuring MFC is feasible)
__uint16_t, we can partially undo r228668.
Note the remark "Work around a clang false positive with format string
warnings and ntohs macros (see LLVM PR 11313)" was actually incorrect.
Before r232745, on some arches, the ntohs() macros did in fact return
int, not uint16_t, so clang was right in warning about the %hu format
string.
MFC after: 2 weeks
get rid of testing explicitly for clang (using ${CC:T:Mclang}) in
individual Makefiles.
Instead, use the following extra macros, for use with clang:
- NO_WERROR.clang (disables -Werror)
- NO_WCAST_ALIGN.clang (disables -Wcast-align)
- NO_WFORMAT.clang (disables -Wformat and friends)
- CLANG_NO_IAS (disables integrated assembler)
- CLANG_OPT_SMALL (adds flags for extra small size optimizations)
As a side effect, this enables setting CC/CXX/CPP in src.conf instead of
make.conf! For clang, use the following:
CC=clang
CXX=clang++
CPP=clang-cpp
MFC after: 2 weeks
The index() and rindex() functions were marked LEGACY in the 2001
revision of POSIX and were subsequently removed from the 2008 revision.
The strchr() and strrchr() functions are part of the C standard.
This makes the source code a lot more consistent, as most of these C
files also call into other str*() routines. In fact, about a dozen
already perform strchr() calls.
* Correctly handle -a.
* -A isn't supported.
* Show all closed 1-to-1 and 1-to-many style sockets.
* Show all listening 1-to-many style sockets.
* Use consistent formatting for -W.
PR: 150642
Approved by: re@
MFC after: 4 weeks.
each workstream, rather than on every protocol, is prettier, it makes
machine-parsing of netstat -Q output a lot harder. Repeat the information
and hope that the user forgives us slightly dense formatting.
MFC after: 3 days
Reported by: bz
Sponsored by: Juniper Networks
stack from the output of `netstat -ani'.
- The node-local multicast address in the output of `netstat -rn'
should be handled as well.
Spotted by: Bernd Walter <ticso__at__cicely7.cicely.de>
is in accordance with the information provided at
ftp://ftp.cs.berkeley.edu/pub/4bsd/README.Impt.License.Change
Also add $FreeBSD$ to a few files to keep svn happy.
Discussed with: imp, rwatson
Retransmitted Packets
Zero Window Advertisements
Out of Order Receives
These statistics are available via the -T argument to
netstat(1).
MFC after: 2 weeks
starting from netgraph import in 1999.
netstat(8) used pointer to node as node address, oops. That didn't
work, we need the node ID in brackets to successfully address a node.
We can't look into ng_node, due to inability to include netgraph/netgraph.h
in userland code. So let the node make a hint for a userland, storing
the node ID in its private data.
MFC after: 2 weeks
query routines. This code is necessarily more fragile in the presence of
kernel changes than querying the kernel via sysctl (the default), but
useful when investigating crashes or live kernel state via firewire.
MFC after: 1 week
Sponsored by: Juniper Networks
otherwise sign extension leads to unlikely values when in the negative
range of the signed short structure fields that hold the statistics.
The type used to hold routing statistics is arguably also incorrect.
MFC after: 3 days
feature when you have a seemingly stuck socket and want to figure
out why it has not been closed yet.
No plans to MFC this, as it changes the netstat sysctl ABI.
Reviewed by: andre, rwatson, Eric Van Gyzen
New counters now exist for:
requests sent
replies sent
requests received
replies received
packets received
total packets dropped due to no ARP entry
entrys timed out
Duplicate IPs seen
The new statistics are seen in the netstat command
when it is given the -s command line switch.
MFC after: 2 weeks
In collaboration with: bz
Add necessary changes to the kernel for this (basically introduce a
bpf_zero_counters() function). As well, update the man page.
MFC after: 1 month
Discussed with: rwatson
an accessor function to get the correct rnh pointer back.
Update netstat to get the correct pointer using kvm_read()
as well.
This not only fixes the ABI problem depending on the kernel
option but also permits the tunable to overwrite the kernel
option at boot time up to MAXFIBS, enlarging the number of
FIBs without having to recompile. So people could just use
GENERIC now.
Reviewed by: julian, rwatson, zec
X-MFC: not possible
Match the bracketing in netstat.
Since the cleanup of MROUTING, ports have broken because they
expect to include <netinet/ip_mroute.h> without including
<sys/queue.h>. Fix breakage at source.
The real fix, of course, is to fix the MROUTING APIs by blowing them
away and replacing them with something else...
This is purely a forwarding plane cleanup; no control plane
code is involved.
Summary:
* Split IPv4 and IPv6 MROUTING support. The static compile-time
kernel option remains the same, however, the modules may now
be built for IPv4 and IPv6 separately as ip_mroute_mod and
ip6_mroute_mod.
* Clean up the IPv4 multicast forwarding code to use BSD queue
and hash table constructs. Don't build our own timer abstractions
when ratecheck() and timevalclear() etc will do.
* Expose the multicast forwarding cache (MFC) and virtual interface
table (VIF) as sysctls, to reduce netstat's dependence on libkvm
for this information for running kernels.
* bandwidth meters however still require libkvm.
* Make the MFC hash table size a boot/load-time tunable ULONG,
net.inet.ip.mfchashsize (defaults to 256).
* Remove unused members from struct vif and struct mfc.
* Kill RSVP support, as no current RSVP implementation uses it.
These stubs could be moved to raw_ip.c.
* Don't share locks or initialization between IPv4 and IPv6.
* Don't use a static struct route_in6 in ip6_mroute.c.
The v6 code is still using a cached struct route_in6, this is
moved to mif6 for the time being.
* More cleanup remains to be merged from ip_mroute.c to ip6_mroute.c.
v4 path tested using ports/net/mcast-tools.
v6 changes are mostly mechanical locking and *have not* been tested.
As these changes partially break some kernel ABIs, they will not
be MFCed. There is a lot more work to be done here.
Reviewed by: Pavlin Radoslavov
certain flags that should have been in inp_flags ended up in inp_vflag,
meaning that they were inconsistently locked, and in one case,
interpreted. Move the following flags from inp_vflag to gaps in the
inp_flags space (and clean up the inp_flags constants to make gaps
more obvious to future takers):
INP_TIMEWAIT
INP_SOCKREF
INP_ONESBCAST
INP_DROPPED
Some aspects of this change have no effect on kernel ABI at all, as these
are UDP/TCP/IP-internal uses; however, netstat and sockstat detect
INP_TIMEWAIT when listing TCP sockets, so any MFC will need to take this
into account.
MFC after: 1 week (or after dependencies are MFC'd)
Reviewed by: bz
IPv4 stack.
Diffs are minimized against p4.
PCS has been used for some protocol verification, more widespread
testing of recorded sources in Group-and-Source queries is needed.
sizeof(struct igmpstat) has changed.
__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 800070.
from the inet6 stack along with statistics and make sure we
properly free the rt in all cases.
While the current situation is not better performance wise it
prevents panics seen more often these days.
After more inet6 and ipsec cleanup we should be able to improve
the situation again passing the rt to ip6_forward directly.
Leave the ip6_forward_rt entry in struct vinet6 but mark it
for removal.
PR: kern/128247, kern/131038
MFC after: 25 days
Committed from: Bugathon #6
Tested by: Denis Ahrens <denis@h3q.com> (different initial version)
1. separating L2 tables (ARP, NDP) from the L3 routing tables
2. removing as much locking dependencies among these layers as
possible to allow for some parallelism in the search operations
3. simplify the logic in the routing code,
The most notable end result is the obsolescent of the route
cloning (RTF_CLONING) concept, which translated into code reduction
in both IPv4 ARP and IPv6 NDP related modules, and size reduction in
struct rtentry{}. The change in design obsoletes the semantics of
RTF_CLONING, RTF_WASCLONE and RTF_LLINFO routing flags. The userland
applications such as "arp" and "ndp" have been modified to reflect
those changes. The output from "netstat -r" shows only the routing
entries.
Quite a few developers have contributed to this project in the
past: Glebius Smirnoff, Luigi Rizzo, Alessandro Cerri, and
Andre Oppermann. And most recently:
- Kip Macy revised the locking code completely, thus completing
the last piece of the puzzle, Kip has also been conducting
active functional testing
- Sam Leffler has helped me improving/refactoring the code, and
provided valuable reviews
- Julian Elischer setup the perforce tree for me and has helped
me maintaining that branch before the svn conversion
control over the result of buildworld and installworld; this especially
helps packaging systems such as nanobsd
Reviewed by: various (posted to arch)
MFC after: 1 month
(all types) used per socket buffer.
Add support to netstat to print out all of the socket buffer
statistics.
Update the netstat manual page to describe the new -x flag
which gives the extended output.
Reviewed by: rwatson, julian
This particular implementation is designed to be fully backwards compatible
and to be MFC-able to 7.x (and 6.x)
Currently the only protocol that can make use of the multiple tables is IPv4
Similar functionality exists in OpenBSD and Linux.
From my notes:
-----
One thing where FreeBSD has been falling behind, and which by chance I
have some time to work on is "policy based routing", which allows
different
packet streams to be routed by more than just the destination address.
Constraints:
------------
I want to make some form of this available in the 6.x tree
(and by extension 7.x) , but FreeBSD in general needs it so I might as
well do it in -current and back port the portions I need.
One of the ways that this can be done is to have the ability to
instantiate multiple kernel routing tables (which I will now
refer to as "Forwarding Information Bases" or "FIBs" for political
correctness reasons). Which FIB a particular packet uses to make
the next hop decision can be decided by a number of mechanisms.
The policies these mechanisms implement are the "Policies" referred
to in "Policy based routing".
One of the constraints I have if I try to back port this work to
6.x is that it must be implemented as a EXTENSION to the existing
ABIs in 6.x so that third party applications do not need to be
recompiled in timespan of the branch.
This first version will not have some of the bells and whistles that
will come with later versions. It will, for example, be limited to 16
tables in the first commit.
Implementation method, Compatible version. (part 1)
-------------------------------
For this reason I have implemented a "sufficient subset" of a
multiple routing table solution in Perforce, and back-ported it
to 6.x. (also in Perforce though not always caught up with what I
have done in -current/P4). The subset allows a number of FIBs
to be defined at compile time (8 is sufficient for my purposes in 6.x)
and implements the changes needed to allow IPV4 to use them. I have not
done the changes for ipv6 simply because I do not need it, and I do not
have enough knowledge of ipv6 (e.g. neighbor discovery) needed to do it.
Other protocol families are left untouched and should there be
users with proprietary protocol families, they should continue to work
and be oblivious to the existence of the extra FIBs.
To understand how this is done, one must know that the current FIB
code starts everything off with a single dimensional array of
pointers to FIB head structures (One per protocol family), each of
which in turn points to the trie of routes available to that family.
The basic change in the ABI compatible version of the change is to
extent that array to be a 2 dimensional array, so that
instead of protocol family X looking at rt_tables[X] for the
table it needs, it looks at rt_tables[Y][X] when for all
protocol families except ipv4 Y is always 0.
Code that is unaware of the change always just sees the first row
of the table, which of course looks just like the one dimensional
array that existed before.
The entry points rtrequest(), rtalloc(), rtalloc1(), rtalloc_ign()
are all maintained, but refer only to the first row of the array,
so that existing callers in proprietary protocols can continue to
do the "right thing".
Some new entry points are added, for the exclusive use of ipv4 code
called in_rtrequest(), in_rtalloc(), in_rtalloc1() and in_rtalloc_ign(),
which have an extra argument which refers the code to the correct row.
In addition, there are some new entry points (currently called
rtalloc_fib() and friends) that check the Address family being
looked up and call either rtalloc() (and friends) if the protocol
is not IPv4 forcing the action to row 0 or to the appropriate row
if it IS IPv4 (and that info is available). These are for calling
from code that is not specific to any particular protocol. The way
these are implemented would change in the non ABI preserving code
to be added later.
One feature of the first version of the code is that for ipv4,
the interface routes show up automatically on all the FIBs, so
that no matter what FIB you select you always have the basic
direct attached hosts available to you. (rtinit() does this
automatically).
You CAN delete an interface route from one FIB should you want
to but by default it's there. ARP information is also available
in each FIB. It's assumed that the same machine would have the
same MAC address, regardless of which FIB you are using to get
to it.
This brings us as to how the correct FIB is selected for an outgoing
IPV4 packet.
Firstly, all packets have a FIB associated with them. if nothing
has been done to change it, it will be FIB 0. The FIB is changed
in the following ways.
Packets fall into one of a number of classes.
1/ locally generated packets, coming from a socket/PCB.
Such packets select a FIB from a number associated with the
socket/PCB. This in turn is inherited from the process,
but can be changed by a socket option. The process in turn
inherits it on fork. I have written a utility call setfib
that acts a bit like nice..
setfib -3 ping target.example.com # will use fib 3 for ping.
It is an obvious extension to make it a property of a jail
but I have not done so. It can be achieved by combining the setfib and
jail commands.
2/ packets received on an interface for forwarding.
By default these packets would use table 0,
(or possibly a number settable in a sysctl(not yet)).
but prior to routing the firewall can inspect them (see below).
(possibly in the future you may be able to associate a FIB
with packets received on an interface.. An ifconfig arg, but not yet.)
3/ packets inspected by a packet classifier, which can arbitrarily
associate a fib with it on a packet by packet basis.
A fib assigned to a packet by a packet classifier
(such as ipfw) would over-ride a fib associated by
a more default source. (such as cases 1 or 2).
4/ a tcp listen socket associated with a fib will generate
accept sockets that are associated with that same fib.
5/ Packets generated in response to some other packet (e.g. reset
or icmp packets). These should use the FIB associated with the
packet being reponded to.
6/ Packets generated during encapsulation.
gif, tun and other tunnel interfaces will encapsulate using the FIB
that was in effect withthe proces that set up the tunnel.
thus setfib 1 ifconfig gif0 [tunnel instructions]
will set the fib for the tunnel to use to be fib 1.
Routing messages would be associated with their
process, and thus select one FIB or another.
messages from the kernel would be associated with the fib they
refer to and would only be received by a routing socket associated
with that fib. (not yet implemented)
In addition Netstat has been edited to be able to cope with the
fact that the array is now 2 dimensional. (It looks in system
memory using libkvm (!)). Old versions of netstat see only the first FIB.
In addition two sysctls are added to give:
a) the number of FIBs compiled in (active)
b) the default FIB of the calling process.
Early testing experience:
-------------------------
Basically our (IronPort's) appliance does this functionality already
using ipfw fwd but that method has some drawbacks.
For example,
It can't fully simulate a routing table because it can't influence the
socket's choice of local address when a connect() is done.
Testing during the generating of these changes has been
remarkably smooth so far. Multiple tables have co-existed
with no notable side effects, and packets have been routes
accordingly.
ipfw has grown 2 new keywords:
setfib N ip from anay to any
count ip from any to any fib N
In pf there seems to be a requirement to be able to give symbolic names to the
fibs but I do not have that capacity. I am not sure if it is required.
SCTP has interestingly enough built in support for this, called VRFs
in Cisco parlance. it will be interesting to see how that handles it
when it suddenly actually does something.
Where to next:
--------------------
After committing the ABI compatible version and MFCing it, I'd
like to proceed in a forward direction in -current. this will
result in some roto-tilling in the routing code.
Firstly: the current code's idea of having a separate tree per
protocol family, all of the same format, and pointed to by the
1 dimensional array is a bit silly. Especially when one considers that
there is code that makes assumptions about every protocol having the
same internal structures there. Some protocols don't WANT that
sort of structure. (for example the whole idea of a netmask is foreign
to appletalk). This needs to be made opaque to the external code.
My suggested first change is to add routing method pointers to the
'domain' structure, along with information pointing the data.
instead of having an array of pointers to uniform structures,
there would be an array pointing to the 'domain' structures
for each protocol address domain (protocol family),
and the methods this reached would be called. The methods would have
an argument that gives FIB number, but the protocol would be free
to ignore it.
When the ABI can be changed it raises the possibilty of the
addition of a fib entry into the "struct route". Currently,
the structure contains the sockaddr of the desination, and the resulting
fib entry. To make this work fully, one could add a fib number
so that given an address and a fib, one can find the third element, the
fib entry.
Interaction with the ARP layer/ LL layer would need to be
revisited as well. Qing Li has been working on this already.
This work was sponsored by Ironport Systems/Cisco
PR:
Reviewed by: several including rwatson, bz and mlair (parts each)
Approved by:
Obtained from: Ironport systems/Cisco
MFC after:
Security:
