- thr_kill(2) and thr_exit(2) generally (no argument auditing here.
- A set of syscalls for the process descriptor family, specifically:
pdfork(2), pdgetpid(2) and pdkill(2)
For these syscalls, audit the file descriptor. In the case of pdfork(2)
a pointer to an integer (file descriptor) is passed in as an argument.
We audit the post initialized file descriptor (not the random garbage
that would have been passed in). We will also audit the child process
which was created from the fork operation (similar to what is done for
the fork(2) syscall).
pdkill(2) we audit the signal value and fd, and finally pdgetpid(2)
just the file descriptor:
- Following is a sample of the produced audit trails:
header,111,11,pdfork(2),0,Sat May 16 03:07:50 2020, + 394 msec
argument,0,0x39d,child PID
argument,2,0x2,flags
argument,1,0x8,fd
subject,root,root,0,root,0,924,0,0,0.0.0.0
return,success,925
header,79,11,pdgetpid(2),0,Sat May 16 03:07:50 2020, + 394 msec
argument,1,0x8,fd
subject,root,root,0,root,0,924,0,0,0.0.0.0
return,success,0
trailer,79
header,135,11,pdkill(2),0,Sat May 16 03:07:50 2020, + 395 msec
argument,1,0x8,fd
argument,2,0xf,signal
process_ex,root,root,0,root,0,925,0,0,0.0.0.0
subject,root,root,0,root,0,924,0,0,0.0.0.0
return,success,0
trailer,135
MFC after: 1 week
Modern debuggers and process tracers use ptrace() rather than procfs
for debugging. ptrace() has a supserset of functionality available
via procfs and new debugging features are only added to ptrace().
While the two debugging services share some fields in struct proc,
they each use dedicated fields and separate code. This results in
extra complexity to support a feature that hasn't been enabled in the
default install for several years.
PR: 244939 (exp-run)
Reviewed by: kib, mjg (earlier version)
Relnotes: yes
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D23837
r357614 added CTLFLAG_NEEDGIANT to make it easier to find nodes that are
still not MPSAFE (or already are but aren’t properly marked).
Use it in preparation for a general review of all nodes.
This is non-functional change that adds annotations to SYSCTL_NODE and
SYSCTL_PROC nodes using one of the soon-to-be-required flags.
Mark all obvious cases as MPSAFE. All entries that haven't been marked
as MPSAFE before are by default marked as NEEDGIANT
Approved by: kib (mentor, blanket)
Commented by: kib, gallatin, melifaro
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D23718
A new syscall sigfastblock(2) is added which registers a uint32_t
variable as containing the count of blocks for signal delivery. Its
content is read by kernel on each syscall entry and on AST processing,
non-zero count of blocks is interpreted same as the signal mask
blocking all signals.
The biggest downside of the feature that I see is that memory
corruption that affects the registered fast sigblock location, would
cause quite strange application misbehavior. For instance, the process
would be immune to ^C (but killable by SIGKILL).
With consumers (rtld and libthr added), benchmarks do not show a
slow-down of the syscalls in micro-measurements, and macro benchmarks
like buildworld do not demonstrate a difference. Part of the reason is
that buildworld time is dominated by compiler, and clang already links
to libthr. On the other hand, small utilities typically used by shell
scripts have the total number of syscalls cut by half.
The syscall is not exported from the stable libc version namespace on
purpose. It is intended to be used only by our C runtime
implementation internals.
Tested by: pho
Disscussed with: cem, emaste, jilles
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D12773
Eliminate recursion from most thread_lock consumers. Return from
sched_add() without the thread_lock held. This eliminates unnecessary
atomics and lock word loads as well as reducing the hold time for
scheduler locks. This will eventually allow for lockless remote adds.
Discussed with: kib
Reviewed by: jhb
Tested by: pho
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D22626
When RFSPAWN is passed, rfork exhibits vfork(2) semantics but also resets
signal handlers in the child during creation to avoid a point of corruption
of parent state from the child.
This flag will be used by posix_spawn(3) to handle potential signal issues.
Reviewed by: jilles, kib
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D19058
It allows a process to request that stack gap was not applied to its
stacks, retroactively. Also it is possible to control the gaps in the
process after exec.
PR: 239894
Reviewed by: alc
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D21352
- move allproc lock into the func, it is of no use prior to it
- the code would lock p1 and p2 while holding allproc to partially
construct it after it gets added to the list. instead we can do the
work prior to adding anything.
- protect lastpid with procid_lock
As a side effect we do less work with allproc held.
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
The limit is almost never reached. Do the check only on failure to see if
we can override it.
No change in user-visible behavior.
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Code doing this is commented with a claim that these IDs are occupied by
daemons, but that's demonstrably false. To an extent the range is used by init
and kernel processes (and on sufficiently big machines it indeed is fully
populated).
On a sample box 40-way box the highest id in the range is 63. On a different one
it is 23. Just use the range.
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Thus, when using proccontrol(1) to disable implicit application of
PROT_MAX within a process, child processes will inherit this setting.
Discussed with: kib
MFC with: r349609
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
This allows replacing "sys/eventfilter.h" includes with "sys/_eventfilter.h"
in other header files (e.g., sys/{bus,conf,cpu}.h) and reduces header
pollution substantially.
EVENTHANDLER_DECLARE and EVENTHANDLER_LIST_DECLAREs were moved out of .c
files into appropriate headers (e.g., sys/proc.h, powernv/opal.h).
As a side effect of reduced header pollution, many .c files and headers no
longer contain needed definitions. The remainder of the patch addresses
adding appropriate includes to fix those files.
LOCK_DEBUG and LOCK_FILE_LINE_ARG are moved to sys/_lock.h, as required by
sys/mutex.h since r326106 (but silently protected by header pollution prior
to this change).
No functional change (intended). Of course, any out of tree modules that
relied on header pollution for sys/eventhandler.h, sys/lock.h, or
sys/mutex.h inclusion need to be fixed. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
With this change, randomization can be enabled for all non-fixed
mappings. It means that the base address for the mapping is selected
with a guaranteed amount of entropy (bits). If the mapping was
requested to be superpage aligned, the randomization honours the
superpage attributes.
Although the value of ASLR is diminshing over time as exploit authors
work out simple ASLR bypass techniques, it elimintates the trivial
exploitation of certain vulnerabilities, at least in theory. This
implementation is relatively small and happens at the correct
architectural level. Also, it is not expected to introduce
regressions in existing cases when turned off (default for now), or
cause any significant maintaince burden.
The randomization is done on a best-effort basis - that is, the
allocator falls back to a first fit strategy if fragmentation prevents
entropy injection. It is trivial to implement a strong mode where
failure to guarantee the requested amount of entropy results in
mapping request failure, but I do not consider that to be usable.
I have not fine-tuned the amount of entropy injected right now. It is
only a quantitive change that will not change the implementation. The
current amount is controlled by aslr_pages_rnd.
To not spoil coalescing optimizations, to reduce the page table
fragmentation inherent to ASLR, and to keep the transient superpage
promotion for the malloced memory, locality clustering is implemented
for anonymous private mappings, which are automatically grouped until
fragmentation kicks in. The initial location for the anon group range
is, of course, randomized. This is controlled by vm.cluster_anon,
enabled by default.
The default mode keeps the sbrk area unpopulated by other mappings,
but this can be turned off, which gives much more breathing bits on
architectures with small address space, such as i386. This is tied
with the question of following an application's hint about the mmap(2)
base address. Testing shows that ignoring the hint does not affect the
function of common applications, but I would expect more demanding
code could break. By default sbrk is preserved and mmap hints are
satisfied, which can be changed by using the
kern.elf{32,64}.aslr.honor_sbrk sysctl.
ASLR is enabled on per-ABI basis, and currently it is only allowed on
FreeBSD native i386 and amd64 (including compat 32bit) ABIs. Support
for additional architectures will be added after further testing.
Both per-process and per-image controls are implemented:
- procctl(2) adds PROC_ASLR_CTL/PROC_ASLR_STATUS;
- NT_FREEBSD_FCTL_ASLR_DISABLE feature control note bit makes it possible
to force ASLR off for the given binary. (A tool to edit the feature
control note is in development.)
Global controls are:
- kern.elf{32,64}.aslr.enable - for non-fixed mappings done by mmap(2);
- kern.elf{32,64}.aslr.pie_enable - for PIE image activation mappings;
- kern.elf{32,64}.aslr.honor_sbrk - allow to use sbrk area for mmap(2);
- vm.cluster_anon - enables anon mapping clustering.
PR: 208580 (exp runs)
Exp-runs done by: antoine
Reviewed by: markj (previous version)
Discussed with: emaste
Tested by: pho
MFC after: 1 month
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D5603
If all IDs from trypid to pid_max were used as pids, the code would enter
a loop which would be infinite if none of the IDs could become free (e.g.
they all belong to processes which did not transitioned to zombie).
Fixes: r341684 ("Manage process-related IDs with bitmaps")
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
kqueue would always relock immediately afterwards.
While here drop the NULL check for list itself. The list is
always allocated.
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Currently unique pid allocation on fork often requires a full walk of
process, group, session lists to make sure it is not used by anything.
This has a side effect of requiring proctree to be held along with allproc,
which adds more contention in poudriere -j 128.
The patch below implements trivial bitmaps which gets rid of the problem.
Dedicated lock is introduced to manage IDs.
While here a bug was discovered: all processes would inherit reap id from
the first process spawned by init. This had a side effect of keeping the
ID used and when allocation rolls over to the beginning it keeps being
skipped.
The patch is loosely based on initial work by mjoras@.
Reviewed by: kib
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
waitpid always takes proctree to evaluate the list, but only takes allproc
if it can reap. With this patch allproc is no longer taken, which helps during
poudriere -j 128.
Discussed with: kib
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
This unreliably breaks libc handling of vfork where forking succeded,
but execve did not.
vfork code in libc performs waitpid with WNOHANG in case of failed exec.
With the fix exit codepath was waking up the parent before the child
fully transitioned to a zombie. Woken up parent would waitpid, which
could find a not-yet-zombie child and fail to reap it due to the WNOHANG
flag.
While removing the flag fixes the problem, it is not an option due to older
releases which would still suffer from the kernel change.
Revert the fix until a solution can be worked out.
Note that while use-after-free which gets back due to the revert is a real
bug, it's side-effects are limited due to the fact that struct proc memory
is never released by UMA.
The pointer to the child is stored without any reference held. Then it is
blindly used to wait until P_PPWAIT is cleared. However, if the child is
autoreaped it could have exited and get freed before the parent started
waiting.
Use the existing hold mechanism to mitigate the problem. Most common case
of doing exec remains unchanged. The corner case of doing exit performs
wake up before waiting for holds to clear.
Reviewed by: kib
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D18295
forks, exits and waits are frequently stalled during poudriere -j 128 runs
due to killpg and process list exports performed for each package.
Both uses take the allproc lock. The latter case can be modified to iterate
over the hash with finer grained locking instead.
Reviewed by: kib
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D17817
Doing so removes the dependency on proctree lock from sysctl process list
export which further reduces contention during poudriere -j 128 runs.
Reviewed by: kib (previous version)
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D17825
An RFSTOPPED thread can't clean TDB_STOPATFORK, which is done in the
fork_return() in its context, so parent is stuck forever. Triggered
when trying to ptrace linux process. Instead of waiting for the new
thread to clear TDB_STOPATFORK, tag it as traced and reparent to the
debugger in do_fork(), and let it only notify the debugger when run.
Submitted by: Yanko Yankulov <yanko.yankulov@gmail.com>
Reviewed by: jhb
MFC after: 1 week
X-MFC-Note: keep p_dbgwait placeholder intact
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D15857
There is a proctree -> allproc ordering established.
Most of the time it is either xlock -> xlock or slock -> slock.
On fork however there is a slock -> xlock pair which results in
pathological wait times due to threads keeping proctree held for
reading and all waiting on allproc. Switch this to xlock -> xlock.
Longer term fix would get rid of proctree in this place to begin with.
Right now it is necessary to walk the session/process group lists to
determine which id is free. The walk can be avoided e.g. with bitmaps.
The exit path used to have one place which dealt with allproc and
then with proctree. Move the allproc acquire into the section protected
by proctree. This reduces contention against threads waiting on proctree
in the fork codepath - the fork proctree holder does not have to wait
for allproc as often.
Finally, move tidhash manipulation outside of the area protected by
either of these locks. The removal from the hash was already unprotected.
There is no legitimate reason to look up thread ids for a process still
under construction.
This results in about 50% wait time reduction during -j 128 package build.
userspace to control NUMA policy administratively and programmatically.
Implement domainset based iterators in the page layer.
Remove the now legacy numa_* syscalls.
Cleanup some header polution created by having seq.h in proc.h.
Reviewed by: markj, kib
Discussed with: alc
Tested by: pho
Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D13403
Mainly focus on files that use BSD 3-Clause license.
The Software Package Data Exchange (SPDX) group provides a specification
to make it easier for automated tools to detect and summarize well known
opensource licenses. We are gradually adopting the specification, noting
that the tags are considered only advisory and do not, in any way,
superceed or replace the license texts.
Special thanks to Wind River for providing access to "The Duke of
Highlander" tool: an older (2014) run over FreeBSD tree was useful as a
starting point.
This introduces a facility to EVENTHANDLER(9) for explicitly defining a
reference to an event handler list. This is useful since previously all
invokers of events had to do a locked traversal of the global list of
event handler lists in order to find the appropriate event handler list.
By keeping a pointer to the appropriate list an invoker can avoid this
traversal completely. The pointer is initialized with SYSINIT(9) during
the eventhandler stage. Users registering interest in events do not need
to know if the event is backed by such a list, since the list is added
to the global list of lists. As with lists that are not pre-defined it
is safe to register for the events before the list has been created.
This converts the process_* and thread_* events to using the new
facility, as these are events whose locked traversals end up showing up
significantly in ports build workflows (and presumably other workflows
with many short lived threads/procs). It may be advantageous to convert
other events to using the new facility.
The el_flags field is now unused, but leave it be so that this revision
can be MFC'd.
Reviewed by: bdrewery, markj, mjg
Approved by: rstone (mentor)
In collaboration with: ian
MFC after: 4 weeks
Sponsored by: Dell EMC Isilon
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D12814
it to a random value between 100 and 1123, rather than 0 as before.
Submitted by: Marie Helene Kvello-Aune <marieheleneka@gmail.com>
MFC after: 1 week
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D5336
struct thread.
For all architectures, the syscall trap handlers have to allocate the
structure on the stack. The structure takes 88 bytes on 64bit arches
which is not negligible. Also, it cannot be easily found by other
code, which e.g. caused duplication of some members of the structure
to struct thread already. The change removes td_dbg_sc_code and
td_dbg_sc_nargs which were directly copied from syscall_args.
The structure is put into the copied on fork part of the struct thread
to make the syscall arguments information correct in the child after
fork.
This move will also allow several more uses shortly.
Reviewed by: jhb (previous version)
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 3 weeks
X-Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D11080
in place. To do per-cpu stats, convert all fields that previously were
maintained in the vmmeters that sit in pcpus to counter(9).
- Since some vmmeter stats may be touched at very early stages of boot,
before we have set up UMA and we can do counter_u64_alloc(), provide an
early counter mechanism:
o Leave one spare uint64_t in struct pcpu, named pc_early_dummy_counter.
o Point counter(9) fields of vmmeter to pcpu[0].pc_early_dummy_counter,
so that at early stages of boot, before counters are allocated we already
point to a counter that can be safely written to.
o For sparc64 that required a whole dummy pcpu[MAXCPU] array.
Further related changes:
- Don't include vmmeter.h into pcpu.h.
- vm.stats.vm.v_swappgsout and vm.stats.vm.v_swappgsin changed to 64-bit,
to match kernel representation.
- struct vmmeter hidden under _KERNEL, and only vmstat(1) is an exclusion.
This is based on benno@'s 4-year old patch:
https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-arch/2013-July/014471.html
Reviewed by: kib, gallatin, marius, lidl
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D10156
When a thread is stopped in ptracestop(), the ptrace(2) user may request
a signal be delivered upon resumption of the thread. Heretofore, those signals
were discarded unless ptracestop()'s caller was issignal(). Fix this by
modifying ptracestop() to queue up signals requested by the ptrace user that
will be delivered when possible. Take special care when the signal is SIGKILL
(usually generated from a PT_KILL request); no new stop events should be
triggered after a PT_KILL.
Add a number of tests for the new functionality. Several tests were authored
by jhb.
PR: 212607
Reviewed by: kib
Approved by: kib (mentor)
MFC after: 2 weeks
Sponsored by: Dell EMC
In collaboration with: jhb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D9260
This allows blind increment of relevant counters which under contention
is cheaper than inc-not-zero loops at least on amd64.
Use it in some of the places which are guaranteed to see already active
vnodes.
Reviewed by: kib (previous version)
Both can be used to cause processes in capability mode to receive
SIGTRAP when ENOTCAPABLE or ECAPMODE errors are returned from
syscalls.
Idea by: emaste
Reviewed by: oshogbo (previous version), emaste
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 week
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D7965
Such processes are stopped synchronously by a direct call to
ptracestop(SIGTRAP) upon exec. P2_PTRACE_FSTP causes the exec()ing thread
to suspend itself while waiting for a SIGSTOP that never arrives.
Reviewed by: kib
MFC after: 3 days
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D7576
target. Due to a way issignal() selects the next signal to deliver
and report, if the simultaneous or already pending another signal
exists, that signal might be reported by the next waitpid(2) call.
This causes minor annoyance for debuggers, which must be prepared to
take any signal as the first event, then filter SIGSTOP later.
More importantly, for tools like gcore(1), which attach and then
detach without processing events, SIGSTOP might leak to be delivered
after PT_DETACH. This results in the process being unintentionally
stopped after detach, which is fatal for automatic tools.
The solution is to force SIGSTOP to be the first signal reported after
the attach. Attach code is modified to set P2_PTRACE_FSTP to indicate
that the attaching ritual was not yet finished, and issignal() prefers
SIGSTOP in that condition. Also, the thread which handles
P2_PTRACE_FSTP is made to guarantee to own p_xthread during the first
waitpid(2). All that ensures that SIGSTOP is consumed first.
Additionally, if P2_PTRACE_FSTP is still set on detach, which means
that waitpid(2) was not called at all, SIGSTOP is removed from the
queue, ensuring that the process is resumed on detach.
In issignal(), when acting on STOPing signals, remove the signal from
queue before suspending. Otherwise parallel attach could result in
ptracestop() acting on that STOP as if it was the STOP signal from the
attach. Then SIGSTOP from attach leaks again.
As a minor refactoring, some bits of the common attach code is moved
to new helper proc_set_traced().
Reported by: markj
Reviewed by: jhb, markj
Tested by: pho
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 2 weeks
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D7256
First, PL_FLAG_FORKED events now also set a PL_FLAG_VFORKED flag when
the new child was created via vfork() rather than fork(). Second, a
new PL_FLAG_VFORK_DONE event can now be enabled via the PTRACE_VFORK
event mask. This new stop is reported after the vfork parent resumes
due to the child calling exit or exec. Debuggers can use this stop to
reinsert breakpoints in the vfork parent process before it resumes.
Reviewed by: kib
MFC after: 1 month
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D7045
ptrace() now stores a mask of optional events in p_ptevents. Currently
this mask is a single integer, but it can be expanded into an array of
integers in the future.
Two new ptrace requests can be used to manipulate the event mask:
PT_GET_EVENT_MASK fetches the current event mask and PT_SET_EVENT_MASK
sets the current event mask.
The current set of events include:
- PTRACE_EXEC: trace calls to execve().
- PTRACE_SCE: trace system call entries.
- PTRACE_SCX: trace syscam call exits.
- PTRACE_FORK: trace forks and auto-attach to new child processes.
- PTRACE_LWP: trace LWP events.
The S_PT_SCX and S_PT_SCE events in the procfs p_stops flags have
been replaced by PTRACE_SCE and PTRACE_SCX. PTRACE_FORK replaces
P_FOLLOW_FORK and PTRACE_LWP replaces P2_LWP_EVENTS.
The PT_FOLLOW_FORK and PT_LWP_EVENTS ptrace requests remain for
compatibility but now simply toggle corresponding flags in the
event mask.
While here, document that PT_SYSCALL, PT_TO_SCE, and PT_TO_SCX both
modify the event mask and continue the traced process.
Reviewed by: kib
MFC after: 1 month
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D7044
exiting (NOTE_EXIT->knlist_remove_inevent()), two things happen:
- knote kn_knlist pointer is reset
- INFLUX knote is removed from the process knlist.
And, there are two consequences:
- KN_LIST_UNLOCK() on such knote is nop
- there is nothing which would block exit1() from processing past the
knlist_destroy() (and knlist_destroy() resets knlist lock pointers).
Both consequences result either in leaked process lock, or
dereferencing NULL function pointers for locking.
Handle this by stopping embedding the process knlist into struct proc.
Instead, the knlist is allocated together with struct proc, but marked
as autodestroy on the zombie reap, by knlist_detach() function. The
knlist is freed when last kevent is removed from the list, in
particular, at the zombie reap time if the list is empty. As result,
the knlist_remove_inevent() is no longer needed and removed.
Other changes:
In filt_procattach(), clear NOTE_EXEC and NOTE_FORK desired events
from kn_sfflags for knote registered by kernel to only get NOTE_CHILD
notifications. The flags leak resulted in excessive
NOTE_EXEC/NOTE_FORK reports.
Fix immediate note activation in filt_procattach(). Condition should
be either the immediate CHILD_NOTE activation, or immediate NOTE_EXIT
report for the exiting process.
In knote_fork(), do not perform racy check for KN_INFLUX before kq
lock is taken. Besides being racy, it did not accounted for notes
just added by scan (KN_SCAN).
Some minor and incomplete style fixes.
Analyzed and tested by: Eric Badger <eric@badgerio.us>
Reviewed by: jhb
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 2 weeks
Approved by: re (gjb)
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D6859
threads, to make it less confusing and using modern kernel terms.
Rename the functions to reflect current use of the functions, instead
of the historic KSE conventions:
cpu_set_fork_handler -> cpu_fork_kthread_handler (for kthreads)
cpu_set_upcall -> cpu_copy_thread (for forks)
cpu_set_upcall_kse -> cpu_set_upcall (for new threads creation)
Reviewed by: jhb (previous version)
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 week
Approved by: re (hrs)
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D6731
