ephemeral mappings that are used as the source for three copy
operations from kernel space to user space. There are two reasons for
making this change: (1) Under heavy load exec_map can fill up causing
vm_map_find() to fail. When it fails, the nascent process is aborted
(SIGABRT). Whereas, this reimplementation using sf_buf_alloc()
sleeps. (2) Although it is possible to sleep on vm_map_find()'s
failure until address space becomes available (see kmem_alloc_wait()),
using sf_buf_alloc() is faster. Furthermore, the reimplementation
uses a CPU private mapping, avoiding a TLB shootdown on
multiprocessors.
Problem uncovered by: kris@
Reviewed by: tegge@
MFC after: 3 weeks
reclamation synchronously from get_pv_entry() instead of
asynchronously as part of the page daemon. Additionally, limit the
reclamation to inactive pages unless allocation from the PV entry zone
or reclamation from the inactive queue fails. Previously, reclamation
destroyed mappings to both inactive and active pages. get_pv_entry()
still, however, wakes up the page daemon when reclamation occurs. The
reason being that the page daemon may move some pages from the active
queue to the inactive queue, making some new pages available to future
reclamations.
Print the "reclaiming PV entries" message at most once per minute, but
don't stop printing it after the fifth time. This way, we do not give
the impression that the problem has gone away.
Reviewed by: tegge
by the zero-copy sockets method, and written to before the transmission
completes, we need to destroy all of the existing mappings to the page,
not just the one that we fault on. Otherwise, the mappings will no longer
be to the same page and changes made through one of the mappings will not
be visible through the others.
Observed by: tegge
If a copy-on-write fault occurs on the page, the new copy should inherit
a part of the original page's wire count.
Submitted by: tegge
MFC after: 1 week
- Prefer '_' to ' ', as it results in more easily parsed results in
memory monitoring tools such as vmstat.
- Remove punctuation that is incompatible with using memory type names
as file names, such as '/' characters.
- Disambiguate some collisions by adding subsystem prefixes to some
memory types.
- Generally prefer lower case to upper case.
- If the same type is defined in multiple architecture directories,
attempt to use the same name in additional cases.
Not all instances were caught in this change, so more work is required to
finish this conversion. Similar changes are required for UMA zone names.
vm_object_backing_scan() was not written to handle. Specifically, a wired
page within a backing object that is shadowed by a page within the shadow
object. Handle this state by removing the wired page from the backing
object. The wired page will be freed by socow_iodone().
Stop masking errors: If a page is being freed by vm_object_backing_scan(),
assert that it is no longer mapped rather than quietly destroying any
mappings.
Tested by: Harald Schmalzbauer
Before this change a copy operation with cp(1) would not update the
file access times.
According to the POSIX mmap(2) documentation: the st_atime field
of the mapped file may be marked for update at any time between the
mmap() call and the corresponding munmap() call. The initial read
or write reference to a mapped region shall cause the file's st_atime
field to be marked for update if it has not already been marked for
update.
I'm not sure this is the right thing to do, but at least I don't panic
anymore when swapping on a NFS file without using md(4).
X-MFC after: proper review
UMA boot pages.
Disable recursion on the general UMA lock now that startup_alloc() no
longer uses it.
Eliminate the variable uma_boot_free. It serves no purpose.
Note: This change eliminates a lock-order reversal between a system
map mutex and the UMA lock. See
http://sources.zabbadoz.net/freebsd/lor.html#109 for details.
MFC after: 3 days
vm_pager_init() is run before required nswbuf variable has been set
to correct value. This caused system to run with single pbuf available
for vnode_pager. Handle both cluster_pbuf_freecnt and vnode_pbuf_freecnt
variable in the same way.
Reported by: ade
Obtained from: alc
MFC after: 2 days
due to the vm object being locked.
When a process writes large amounts of data to a file, the vm object associated
with that file can contain most of the physical pages on the machine. If the
process is preempted while holding the lock on the vm object, pagedaemon would
be able to move very few pages from PQ_INACTIVE to PQ_CACHE or from PQ_ACTIVE
to PQ_INACTIVE, resulting in unlimited cleaning of dirty pages belonging to
other vm objects.
Temporarily unlock the page queues lock while locking vm objects to avoid lock
order violation. Detect and handle relevant page queue changes.
This change depends on both the lock portion of struct vm_object and normal
struct vm_page being type stable.
Reviewed by: alc
as opt_vmpage.h will not be available to user space library builds. A
similar existing check is present for KLD_MODULE for similar reasons.
MFC after: 3 days
monitoring API, which might or might not be the same as the internal
maximum (currently none).
Export flag information on UMA zones -- in particular, whether or
not this is a secondary zone, and so the keg free count should be
considered in that light.
MFC after: 1 day
make the b_iodone callback responsible for setting it if it is needed.
Previously, it was set unconditionally by bufdone() without holding
whichever lock is shared by the b_iodone callback and the corresponding
top-half function. Consequently, in a race, the top-half function could
conclude that operation was done before the b_iodone callback finished.
See, for example, aio_physwakeup() and aio_fphysio().
Note: I don't believe that the other, more widely-used b_iodone callbacks
are affected.
Discussed with: jeff
Reviewed by: phk
MFC after: 2 weeks
- Add a new uma_zfree_internal() flag, ZFREE_STATFREE, which causes it to
to update the zone's uz_frees statistic. Previously, the statistic was
updated unconditionally.
- Use the flag in situations where a "real" free occurs: i.e., one where
the caller is freeing an allocated item, to be differentiated from
situations where uma_zfree_internal() is used to tear down the item
during slab teardown in order to invoke its fini() method. Also use
the flag when UMA is freeing its internal objects.
- When exchanging a bucket with the zone from the per-CPU cache when
freeing an item, flush cache statistics back to the zone (since the
zone lock and critical section are both held) to match the allocation
case.
MFC after: 3 days
per-CPU cache statistics. UMA sizes the cache array based on the
number of CPUs at boot (mp_maxid + 1), and iterating based on MAXCPU
could read off the end of the array (into the next zone).
Reported by: yongari
MFC after: 1 week
it covers the following of the uc_alloc/freebucket cache pointers.
Originally, I felt that the race wasn't helped by holding the mutex,
hence a comment in the code and not holding it across the cache access.
However, it does improve consistency, as while it doesn't prevent
bucket exchange, it does prevent bucket pointer invalidation. So a
race in gathering cache free space statistics still can occur, but not
one that follows an invalid bucket pointer, if the mutex is held.
Submitted by: yongari
MFC after: 1 week
fs.first_object->flags & OBJ_NEEDGIANT test that was missed in an earlier
revision. This fixes mutex assertion failures in the debug.mpsafevm=0
case.
Reported by: ps
MFC after: 3 days
statistics via a binary structure stream:
- Add structure 'uma_stream_header', which defines a stream version,
definition of MAXCPUs used in the stream, and the number of zone
records in the stream.
- Add structure 'uma_type_header', which defines the name, alignment,
size, resource allocation limits, current pages allocated, preferred
bucket size, and central zone + keg statistics.
- Add structure 'uma_percpu_stat', which, for each per-CPU cache,
includes the number of allocations and frees, as well as the number
of free items in the cache.
- When the sysctl is queried, return a stream header, followed by a
series of type descriptions, each consisting of a type header
followed by a series of MAXCPUs uma_percpu_stat structures holding
per-CPU allocation information. Typical values of MAXCPU will be
1 (UP compiled kernel) and 16 (SMP compiled kernel).
This query mechanism allows user space monitoring tools to extract
memory allocation statistics in a machine-readable form, and to do so
at a per-CPU granularity, allowing monitoring of allocation patterns
across CPUs in order to better understand the distribution of work and
memory flow over multiple CPUs.
While here, also export the number of UMA zones as a sysctl
vm.uma_count, in order to assist in sizing user swpace buffers to
receive the stream.
A follow-up commit of libmemstat(3), a library to monitor kernel memory
allocation, will occur in the next few days. This change directly
supports converting netstat(1)'s "-mb" mode to using UMA-sourced stats
rather than separately maintained mbuf allocator statistics.
MFC after: 1 week
zone whenever it was moving buckets between the zone and the cache,
or when coalescing statistics across the CPU. Remove flushing of
statistics to the zone when coalescing statistics as part of sysctl,
as we won't be running on the right CPU to write to the cache
statistics.
Add a missed gathering of statistics: when uma_zalloc_internal()
does a special case allocation of a single item, make sure to update
the zone statistics to represent this. Previously this case wasn't
accounted for in user-visible statistics.
MFC after: 1 week
many regions checked again and again despite knowing the pages
contained were not usable and only satisfied the alignment constraints
This case was compounded, especially for large allocations, by the
practice of looping from the top of memory so as to keep out of the
important low-memory regions. While the old contigmalloc(9) has the
same problem, it is not as noticeable due to looping from the low
memory to high.
This degenerate case is fixed, as well as reversing the sense of the
rest of the loops within it, to provide a tremendous speed increase.
This makes the best case O(n * VM overhead) much more likely than the
worst case O(4 * VM overhead). For comparison, the worst case for old
contigmalloc would be O(5 * VM overhead) in addition to its strategy
of turning used memory into free being highly pessimal.
Also, fix a bug that in practice most likely couldn't have been triggered,
int the new contigmalloc(9): it walked backwards from the end of memory
without accounting for how many pages it needed. Potentially, nonexistant
pages could have been mapped. This hasn't occurred because the kernel
generally requests as its first contigmalloc(9) a single page.
Reported by: Nicolas Dehaine <nicko@stbernard.com>, wes
MFC After: 1 month
More testing by: Nicolas Dehaine <nicko@stbernard.com>, wes
vm_page's machine-dependent fields. Use this function in
vm_pageq_add_new_page() so that the vm_page's machine-dependent and
machine-independent fields are initialized at the same time.
Remove code from pmap_init() for initializing the vm_page's
machine-dependent fields.
Remove stale comments from pmap_init().
Eliminate the Boolean variable pmap_initialized from the alpha, amd64,
i386, and ia64 pmap implementations. Its use is no longer required
because of the above changes and earlier changes that result in physical
memory that is being mapped at initialization time being mapped without
pv entries.
Tested by: cognet, kensmith, marcel
