want to provide VOP_ACCESSX(9) don't have to implement both. Note that
this commit makes implementation of either of these two mandatory.
Reviewed by: kib
vnodes, since these nodes are not linked into the mount queue and,
as such, the vn_lock() cannot cause a deadlock so LORs are harmless.
Suggested by: kib
Approved by: kib (mentor)
MFC after: 3 days
never been inserted into the pfs_vncache list. Since pfs_vncache_free()
does not anticipate this case, it decrements pfs_vncache_entries
unconditionally; if the vnode was not in the list, pfs_vncache_entries
will no longer reflect the actual number of list entries. This may cause
size of the cache to exceed the configured maximum. It may also trigger
a panic during module unload or system shutdown.
Do not decrement pfs_vncache_entries for the vnode that was not in the
list.
Submitted by: tegge
Reviewed by: des
MFC after: 1 week
dead_vnodeops before calling vgone(). Revert r189706 and corresponding
part of the r186560.
Noted and reviewed by: tegge
Approved by: des (pseudofs part)
MFC after: 3 days
This reverts part of r196460, so that sockets only return POLLHUP if both
directions are closed/error. Fifos get POLLHUP by closing the unused
direction immediately after creating the sockets.
The tools/regression/poll/*poll.c tests now pass except for two other things:
- if POLLHUP is returned, POLLIN is always returned as well instead of only
when there is data left in the buffer to be read
- fifo old/new reader distinction does not work the way POSIX specs it
Reviewed by: kib, bde
context inside the RPC code.
Temporarily set td's cred to mount's cred before calling socreate() via
__rpc_nconf2socket().
Submitted by: rmacklem (in part)
Reviewed by: rmacklem, rwatson
Discussed with: dfr, bz
Approved by: re (rwatson), julian (mentor)
MFC after: 3 days
vnet.h, we now use jails (rather than vimages) as the abstraction
for virtualization management, and what remained was specific to
virtual network stacks. Minor cleanups are done in the process,
and comments updated to reflect these changes.
Reviewed by: bz
Approved by: re (vimage blanket)
- Don't grab the filedesc lock just to read fd_cmask.
- Drop vnode locks earlier when mounting the root filesystem and before
sanitizing stdin/out/err file descriptors during execve().
Submitted by: kib
Approved by: re (rwatson)
MFC after: 1 week
for NFSv2 and not NFSv4 when nfscl_mustflush() returns 0. Since
nfscl_mustflush() only returns 0 when there is a valid write delegation
issued to the client, it only affects the case of an NFSv4 mount with
callbacks/delegations enabled.
Approved by: re (kensmith), kib (mentor)
a device pager (OBJT_DEVICE) object in that it uses fictitious pages to
provide aliases to other memory addresses. The primary difference is that
it uses an sglist(9) to determine the physical addresses for a given offset
into the object instead of invoking the d_mmap() method in a device driver.
Reviewed by: alc
Approved by: re (kensmith)
MFC after: 2 weeks
experimental NFSv4 client might try and use it as an IPv6 address,
breaking callbacks. The fix simply initializes the isinet6 variable
for this case.
Approved by: re (kensmith), kib (mentor)
msleep(9) when a vnode lock or similar may be held. The changes are
just a clone of the changes applied to the regular nfs client by
r195703.
Approved by: re (kensmith), kib (mentor)
being issued from the server, there was a case where an Open issued locally
based on the delegation would be released before the associated vnode
became inactive. If the delegation was recalled after the open was released,
an Open against the server would not have been acquired and subsequent I/O
operations would need to use the special stateid of all zeros. This patch
fixes that case.
Approved by: re (kensmith), kib (mentor)
- When the root vnode was acquired during mounting, mnt_stat.f_iosize was
still set to 0, so getnewvnode() would set bo_bsize == 0. This would
confuse getblk(), so that it always returned the first block causing
the problem when the root directory of the mount point was greater
than one block in size. It was fixed by setting mnt_stat.f_iosize to
NFS_DIRBLKSIZ before calling ncl_nget() to acquire the root vnode.
- NFSMNT_INT was being set temporarily while the initial connect to a
server was being done. This erroneously configured the krpc for
interruptible RPCs, which caused problems because signals weren't
being masked off as they would have been for interruptible mounts.
This code was deleted to fix the problem. Since mount_nfs does an
NFS null RPC before the mount system call, connections to the server
should work ok.
Tested by: swell dot k at gmail dot com
Approved by: re (kensmith), kib (mentor)
"share->excl" panic when doing a lookup of dotdot at the root
of a server's file system. The patch avoids calling vn_lock()
for that case, since nfscl_nget() has already acquired a lock
for the vnode.
Approved by: re (kensmith), kib (mentor)
(DPCPU), as suggested by Peter Wemm, and implement a new per-virtual
network stack memory allocator. Modify vnet to use the allocator
instead of monolithic global container structures (vinet, ...). This
change solves many binary compatibility problems associated with
VIMAGE, and restores ELF symbols for virtualized global variables.
Each virtualized global variable exists as a "reference copy", and also
once per virtual network stack. Virtualized global variables are
tagged at compile-time, placing the in a special linker set, which is
loaded into a contiguous region of kernel memory. Virtualized global
variables in the base kernel are linked as normal, but those in modules
are copied and relocated to a reserved portion of the kernel's vnet
region with the help of a the kernel linker.
Virtualized global variables exist in per-vnet memory set up when the
network stack instance is created, and are initialized statically from
the reference copy. Run-time access occurs via an accessor macro, which
converts from the current vnet and requested symbol to a per-vnet
address. When "options VIMAGE" is not compiled into the kernel, normal
global ELF symbols will be used instead and indirection is avoided.
This change restores static initialization for network stack global
variables, restores support for non-global symbols and types, eliminates
the need for many subsystem constructors, eliminates large per-subsystem
structures that caused many binary compatibility issues both for
monitoring applications (netstat) and kernel modules, removes the
per-function INIT_VNET_*() macros throughout the stack, eliminates the
need for vnet_symmap ksym(2) munging, and eliminates duplicate
definitions of virtualized globals under VIMAGE_GLOBALS.
Bump __FreeBSD_version and update UPDATING.
Portions submitted by: bz
Reviewed by: bz, zec
Discussed with: gnn, jamie, jeff, jhb, julian, sam
Suggested by: peter
Approved by: re (kensmith)
optionally, created a separate list of NFSv4 opens to be closed, it
was possible for the associated OpenOwner to be free'd before the Open
was closed. The problem was that the Open was taken off the OpenOwner
list before the Close RPC was done and OpenOwners can be free'd once the
list is empty. This patch separates out the case of doing the Close RPC
into a separate function called nfscl_doclose() and simplifies nfsrpc_doclose()
so that it closes a single open instead of a list of them. This avoids
removing the Open from the OpenOwner list before doing the Close RPC.
Approved by: re (kensmith), kib (mentor)
when all writers, observed by reader, exited. Use writer generation
counter for fifo, and store the snapshot of the fifo generation in the
f_seqcount field of struct file, that is otherwise unused for fifos.
Set FreeBSD-undocumented POLLINIGNEOF flag only when file f_seqcount is
equal to fifo' fi_wgen, and revert r89376.
Fix POLLINIGNEOF for sockets and pipes, and return POLLHUP for them.
Note that the patch does not fix not returning POLLHUP for fifos.
PR: kern/94772
Submitted by: bde (original version)
Reviewed by: rwatson, jilles
Approved by: re (kensmith)
MFC after: 6 weeks (might be)
around the sequence that drop vnode lock and then busies the mount point.
Not having vlocked node or direct reference to the mp allows for the
forced unmount to proceed, making mp unmounted or reused.
Tested by: pho
Reviewed by: jeff
Approved by: re (kensmith)
MFC after: 2 weeks
Note that this does not actually enable full-range i/o requests for
64 architectures, and is done now to update KBI only.
Tested by: pho
Reviewed by: jhb, bde (as part of the review of the bigger patch)
in_ifaddrhead and INADDR_HASH address lists.
Previously, these lists were used unsynchronized as they were effectively
never changed in steady state, but we've seen increasing reports of
writer-writer races on very busy VPN servers as core count has gone up
(and similar configurations where address lists change frequently and
concurrently).
For the time being, use rwlocks rather than rmlocks in order to take
advantage of their better lock debugging support. As a result, we don't
enable ip_input()'s read-locking of INADDR_HASH until an rmlock conversion
is complete and a performance analysis has been done. This means that one
class of reader-writer races still exists.
MFC after: 6 weeks
Reviewed by: bz
rlimit RLIMIT_SWAP that limits the amount of swap that may be reserved
for the uid.
The accounting information (charge) is associated with either map entry,
or vm object backing the entry, assuming the object is the first one
in the shadow chain and entry does not require COW. Charge is moved
from entry to object on allocation of the object, e.g. during the mmap,
assuming the object is allocated, or on the first page fault on the
entry. It moves back to the entry on forks due to COW setup.
The per-entry granularity of accounting makes the charge process fair
for processes that change uid during lifetime, and decrements charge
for proper uid when region is unmapped.
The interface of vm_pager_allocate(9) is extended by adding struct ucred *,
that is used to charge appropriate uid when allocation if performed by
kernel, e.g. md(4).
Several syscalls, among them is fork(2), may now return ENOMEM when
global or per-uid limits are enforced.
In collaboration with: pho
Reviewed by: alc
Approved by: re (kensmith)
vn_open_cred in default implementation. Valid struct ucred is needed for
audit and MAC, and curthread credentials may be wrong.
This further requires modifying the interface of vn_fullpath(9), but it
is out of scope of this change.
Reviewed by: rwatson
Now that we start to use credentials on character devices more often
(because of MPSAFE TTY), move the prison-checks that are in place in the
TTY code into devfs.
Instead of strictly comparing the prisons, use the more common
prison_check() function to compare credentials. This means that
pseudo-terminals are only visible in devfs by processes within the same
jail and parent jails.
Even though regular users in parent jails can now interact with
pseudo-terminals from child jails, this seems to be the right approach.
These processes are also capable of interacting with the jailed
processes anyway, through signals for example.
Reviewed by: kib, rwatson (older version)
NGROUPS_MAX, eliminate ABI dependencies on them, and raise the to 1024
and 1023 respectively. (Previously they were equal, but under a close
reading of POSIX, NGROUPS_MAX was defined to be too large by 1 since it
is the number of supplemental groups, not total number of groups.)
The bulk of the change consists of converting the struct ucred member
cr_groups from a static array to a pointer. Do the equivalent in
kinfo_proc.
Introduce new interfaces crcopysafe() and crsetgroups() for duplicating
a process credential before modifying it and for setting group lists
respectively. Both interfaces take care for the details of allocating
groups array. crsetgroups() takes care of truncating the group list
to the current maximum (NGROUPS) if necessary. In the future,
crsetgroups() may be responsible for insuring invariants such as sorting
the supplemental groups to allow groupmember() to be implemented as a
binary search.
Because we can not change struct xucred without breaking application
ABIs, we leave it alone and introduce a new XU_NGROUPS value which is
always 16 and is to be used or NGRPS as appropriate for things such as
NFS which need to use no more than 16 groups. When feasible, truncate
the group list rather than generating an error.
Minor changes:
- Reduce the number of hand rolled versions of groupmember().
- Do not assign to both cr_gid and cr_groups[0].
- Modify ipfw to cache ucreds instead of part of their contents since
they are immutable once referenced by more than one entity.
Submitted by: Isilon Systems (initial implementation)
X-MFC after: never
PR: bin/113398 kern/133867
missing it.
Remove the "hidden" kernel only include of vimage.h from ip_var.h added
with the very first Vimage commit r181803 to avoid further kernel poisoning.
subsystem. Add a test for VI_DOOMED just after ncl_upgrade_vnlock() in
ncl_bioread_check_cons(). This is required since it is possible
for the vnode to be vgonel()'d while in ncl_upgrade_vnlock() when
a forced dismount is in progress. Also, move the check for VI_DOOMED
in ncl_vinvalbuf() down to after ncl_upgrade_vnlock() and replace the
out of date comment for it.
Approved by: kib (mentor)
be NULL or derefenced memory may become free at arbitrary moment.
Lock the vnode in cd9660, devfs and pseudofs implementation of VOP_IOCTL
to prevent reclaim; check whether the vnode was already reclaimed after
the lock is granted.
Reported by: georg at dts su
Reviewed by: des (pseudofs)
MFC after: 2 weeks
for FreeBSD-CURRENT, the code that checked for and returned the
error was broken. Change it to check for VI_DOOMED set after
vn_lock() and return an error for that case. I believe this
should only happen for forced dismounts.
Approved by: kib (mentor)
behavior for unicode support in UDF so as not to conflict with the MAC
Framework.
Note that Apple's XNU kernel also uses #ifdef MAC for the MAC Framework.
Suggested by: pjd
MFC after: 3 days
and used in a large number of files, but also because an increasing number
of incorrect uses of MAC calls were sneaking in due to copy-and-paste of
MAC-aware code without the associated opt_mac.h include.
Discussed with: pjd
to be set properly on devfs. Otherwise, it isn't possible to set labels
on /dev nodes.
Reported by: Sergio Rodriguez <sergiorr at yahoo.com>
MFC after: 3 days
v_data is not-null before calling NULLVPTOLOWERVP(), and dropping the
interlock allows for reclaim to clean v_data and free the memory.
While there, remove unneeded semicolons and convert the infinite loops
to panics. I have a will to remove null_checkvp() altogether, or leave
it as a trivial stub, but not now.
Reported and tested by: pho
This should not really matter for correctness, since vp->v_lock is
not locked before the call, and null_lock() holds the interlock,
but makes the control flow for reclaim more clear.
Tested by: pho
does NFSv4 Closes in the experimental client's VOP_INACTIVE().
I also replaced a bunch of ap->a_vp with a local copy of vp,
because I thought that made it more readable.
Approved by: kib (mentor)
permissions, such as VWRITE_ACL. For a filsystems that don't
implement it, there is a default implementation, which works
as a wrapper around VOP_ACCESS.
Reviewed by: rwatson@
The system hostname is now stored in prison0, and the global variable
"hostname" has been removed, as has the hostname_mtx mutex. Jails may
have their own host information, or they may inherit it from the
parent/system. The proper way to read the hostname is via
getcredhostname(), which will copy either the hostname associated with
the passed cred, or the system hostname if you pass NULL. The system
hostname can still be accessed directly (and without locking) at
prison0.pr_host, but that should be avoided where possible.
The "similar information" referred to is domainname, hostid, and
hostuuid, which have also become prison parameters and had their
associated global variables removed.
Approved by: bz (mentor)
do them for NFSv4 and flush writes to the server before doing
the Close(s), as required. Also, use the a_td argument instead of
curthread.
Approved by: kib (mentor)
if a local file system supports NFSv4 ACLs. This allows the
NFSHASNFS4ACL() macro to be correctly implemented. The NFSv4 ACL
support should now work when the server exports a ZFS volume.
Approved by: kib (mentor)
by creating a child jail, which is visible to that jail and to any
parent jails. Child jails may be restricted more than their parents,
but never less. Jail names reflect this hierarchy, being MIB-style
dot-separated strings.
Every thread now points to a jail, the default being prison0, which
contains information about the physical system. Prison0's root
directory is the same as rootvnode; its hostname is the same as the
global hostname, and its securelevel replaces the global securelevel.
Note that the variable "securelevel" has actually gone away, which
should not cause any problems for code that properly uses
securelevel_gt() and securelevel_ge().
Some jail-related permissions that were kept in global variables and
set via sysctls are now per-jail settings. The sysctls still exist for
backward compatibility, used only by the now-deprecated jail(2) system
call.
Approved by: bz (mentor)
current NFSv4 ACLs, as defined in sys/acl.h. It still needs a
way to test a mount point for NFSv4 ACL support before it will
work. Until then, the NFSHASNFS4ACL() macro just always returns 0.
Approved by: kib (mentor)
that the range of versions of NFS handled by the server can
be limited. The nfsd daemon must be restarted after these
sysctl variables are changed, in order for the change to take
effect.
Approved by: kib (mentor)
that it handles the case of a non-exported NFSv4 root correctly.
Also, delete handling for the case where nd_repstat is already
set in nfs_proc(), since that no longer happens.
Approved by: kib (mentor)
ReleaseLockOwner operations analagous to what is already
in place for SetClientID and SetClientIDConfirm. These are
the five NFSv4 operations that do not use file handle(s),
so the checks are done using the NFSv4 root export entries
in /etc/exports.
Approved by: kib (mentor)
to it for the client side reply. Hopefully this fixes the
problem with using the new krpc for arm for the experimental
nfs client.
Approved by: kib (mentor)
where a client is not allowed NFSv4 access correctly. This
restriction is specified in the "V4: ..." line(s) in
/etc/exports.
Approved by: kib (mentor)
case of a kerberized mount without a host based principal
name. This will only work for mounts being done by a user
other than root. Support for a host based principal name
will not work until proposed changes to the rpcsec_gss part
of the krpc are committed. It now builds for "options KGSSAPI".
Approved by: kib (mentor)
the code will build when "options KGSSAPI" is specified
without requiring the proposed changes that add host based
initiator principal support. It will not handle the case where
the client uses a host based initiator principal until those
changes are committed. The code that uses those changes is
#ifdef'd notyet until the krpc rpcsec_changes are committed.
Approved by: kib (mentor)
use the newer nmount() style arguments, as is used by mount_nfs.c.
This prepares the kernel code for the use of a mount_nfs.c with
changes for the experimental client integrated into it.
Approved by: kib (mentor)
writes upon close when a write delegation is held by the client.
This should be safe to do, now that nfsv4 Close operations are
delayed until ncl_inactive() is called for the vnode.
Approved by: kib (mentor)
when it runs out of clientids is reboot. I had replaced cpu_reboot()
with printf(), since cpu_reboot() doesn't exist for sparc64.
This change replaces the printf() with panic(), so the reboot
would occur for this highly unlikely occurrence.
Approved by: kib (mentor)
the NFSv4 Close operations until ncl_inactive(). This is
necessary so that the Open StateIDs are available for doing
I/O on mmap'd files after VOP_CLOSE(). I also changed some
indentation for the nfscl_getclose() function.
Approved by: kib (mentor)
experimental nfsv4 server. It was setting the a_id argument
to a fixed value, but that wasn't sufficient for FreeBSD8.
Instead, set l_pid and l_sysid to 0 plus set the F_REMOTE
flag to indicate that these fields are used to check for
same lock owner. Since, for NFSv4, a lockowner is a ClientID plus
an up to 1024byte name, it can't be put in l_sysid easily.
I also renamed the p variable to td, since it's a thread ptr.
Approved by: kib (mentor)
nfsrv_dolocallocks can be changed via sysctl. I also added some non-empty
descriptor strings and reformatted some overly long lines.
Approved by: kib (mentor)
required two changes: setting the program and version numbers before
connect and fixing the handling of the Null Rpc case in newnfs_request().
Approved by: kib (mentor)
experimental nfs subsystem from sys/fs/nfs/nfs.h and sys/fs/nfs/nfsproto.h
to sys/fs/nfs/nfsport.h and rename nfsstat to ext_nfsstat. This was done
so that src/usr.bin/nfsstat.c could use it alongside the regular nfs
include files and struct nfsstat.
Approved by: kib (mentor)
before the struct file is fully initialized in vn_open(), in particular,
fp->f_vnode is NULL. Other thread calling file operation before f_vnode
is set results in NULL pointer dereference in devvn_refthread().
Initialize f_vnode before calling d_fdopen() cdevsw method, that might
set file ops too.
Reported and tested by: Chris Timmons <cwt networks cwu edu>
(RELENG_7 version)
MFC after: 3 days
major/minor numbers of the devices.
Pretending that the vnodes are character devices prevents file tree
walkers from descending into the directories opened by current process.
Also, not doing stat on the filedescriptors prevents the recursive entry
into the VFS.
Requested by: kientzle
Discussed with: Jilles Tjoelker <jilles stack nl>
representing too large integer, instead of overflowing and possibly
returning a random but valid vnode.
Noted by: Jilles Tjoelker <jilles stack nl>
MFC after: 3 days
the VFS. Now all the VFS_* functions and relating parts don't want the
context as long as it always refers to curthread.
In some points, in particular when dealing with VOPs and functions living
in the same namespace (eg. vflush) which still need to be converted,
pass curthread explicitly in order to retain the old behaviour.
Such loose ends will be fixed ASAP.
While here fix a bug: now, UFS_EXTATTR can be compiled alone without the
UFS_EXTATTR_AUTOSTART option.
VFS KPI is heavilly changed by this commit so thirdy parts modules needs
to be recompiled. Bump __FreeBSD_version in order to signal such
situation.
Credential might need to hang around longer than its parent and be used
outside of mnt_explock scope controlling netcred lifetime. Use separate
reference-counted ucred allocated separately instead.
While there, extend mnt_explock coverage in vfs_stdexpcheck and clean-up
some unused declarations in new NFS code.
Reported by: John Hickey
PR: kern/133439
Reviewed by: dfr, kib
support for NFSv4 as well as NFSv2 and 3.
It lives in 3 subdirs under sys/fs:
nfs - functions that are common to the client and server
nfsclient - a mutation of sys/nfsclient that call generic functions
to do RPCs and handle state. As such, it retains the
buffer cache handling characteristics and vnode semantics that
are found in sys/nfsclient, for the most part.
nfsserver - the server. It includes a DRC designed specifically for
NFSv4, that is used instead of the generic DRC in sys/rpc.
The build glue will be checked in later, so at this point, it
consists of 3 new subdirs that should not affect kernel building.
Approved by: kib (mentor)
the removal of NQNFS, but was left in in case it was required for NFSv4.
Since our new NFSv4 client and server can't use it for their
requirements, GC the old mechanism, as well as other unused lease-
related code and interfaces.
Due to its impact on kernel programming and binary interfaces, this
change should not be MFC'd.
Proposed by: jeff
Reviewed by: jeff
Discussed with: rmacklem, zach loafman @ isilon
filesystem supports additional operations using shared vnode locks.
Currently this is used to enable shared locks for open() and close() of
read-only file descriptors.
- When an ISOPEN namei() request is performed with LOCKSHARED, use a
shared vnode lock for the leaf vnode only if the mount point has the
extended shared flag set.
- Set LOCKSHARED in vn_open_cred() for requests that specify O_RDONLY but
not O_CREAT.
- Use a shared vnode lock around VOP_CLOSE() if the file was opened with
O_RDONLY and the mountpoint has the extended shared flag set.
- Adjust md(4) to upgrade the vnode lock on the vnode it gets back from
vn_open() since it now may only have a shared vnode lock.
- Don't enable shared vnode locks on FIFO vnodes in ZFS and UFS since
FIFO's require exclusive vnode locks for their open() and close()
routines. (My recent MPSAFE patches for UDF and cd9660 already included
this change.)
- Enable extended shared operations on UFS, cd9660, and UDF.
Submitted by: ups
Reviewed by: pjd (ZFS bits)
MFC after: 1 month
implementation instead. The bypass does not assume that returned vnode
is only held.
Reported by: Paul B. Mahol <onemda gmail com>, pluknet <pluknet gmail com>
Reviewed by: jhb
Tested by: pho, pluknet <pluknet gmail com>
poll_no_poll().
Return a poll_no_poll() result from devfs_poll_f() when
filedescriptor does not reference the live cdev, instead of ENXIO.
Noted and tested by: hps
MFC after: 1 week
We fail mapping for any udf_bmap_internal error and there can be
different reasons for it, so no need to (over-)emphasize files with
data in fentry.
Submitted by: bde
Approved by: jhb
Previosly readdir missed some directory entries because there was
no space for them in current uio but directory stream offset
was advanced nevertheless.
jhb has discoved the issue and provided a test-case.
Reviewed by: bde
Approved by: jhb (mentor)
Currently bread()-ing through device vnode with
(1) VMIO enabled,
(2) bo_bsize != DEV_BSIZE
(3) more than 1 block
results in data being incorrectly cached.
So instead a more common approach of using a vnode belonging to fs is now
employed.
Also, prevent attempt to bread more than MAXBSIZE bytes because of
adjustments made to account for offset that doesn't start on block
boundary.
Add expanded comments to explain the calculations.
Also drop unused inline function while here.
PR: kern/120967
PR: kern/129084
Reviewed by: scottl, kib
Approved by: jhb (mentor)
... as opposed to files with data in extents.
Some UDF authoring tools produce this type of file for sufficiently small
data files.
Approved by: jhb (mentor)
Use bit-shift instead of division/multiplication.
Act on error as soon as it is detected.
Report attempt to read data embedded in file entry via regular way.
While there, fix lblktosize macro and make use of it.
No functionality should change as a result.
Approved by: jhb (mentor)
msdosfs_unmount() and ffs_unmount() exit early after getting ENXIO.
However, dounmount() treats ENXIO as a success and proceeds with
unmounting. In effect, the filesystem gets unmounted without closing
GEOM provider etc.
Reviewed by: kib
Approved by: rwatson (mentor)
Tested by: dho
Sponsored by: FreeBSD Foundation
