- removing 'const' qualifier from an input parameter to conform to the type
required by rw_assert();
- using in_addr->s_addr to retrive 32 bits address value.
Observed by: tinderbox
This particular implementation is designed to be fully backwards compatible
and to be MFC-able to 7.x (and 6.x)
Currently the only protocol that can make use of the multiple tables is IPv4
Similar functionality exists in OpenBSD and Linux.
From my notes:
-----
One thing where FreeBSD has been falling behind, and which by chance I
have some time to work on is "policy based routing", which allows
different
packet streams to be routed by more than just the destination address.
Constraints:
------------
I want to make some form of this available in the 6.x tree
(and by extension 7.x) , but FreeBSD in general needs it so I might as
well do it in -current and back port the portions I need.
One of the ways that this can be done is to have the ability to
instantiate multiple kernel routing tables (which I will now
refer to as "Forwarding Information Bases" or "FIBs" for political
correctness reasons). Which FIB a particular packet uses to make
the next hop decision can be decided by a number of mechanisms.
The policies these mechanisms implement are the "Policies" referred
to in "Policy based routing".
One of the constraints I have if I try to back port this work to
6.x is that it must be implemented as a EXTENSION to the existing
ABIs in 6.x so that third party applications do not need to be
recompiled in timespan of the branch.
This first version will not have some of the bells and whistles that
will come with later versions. It will, for example, be limited to 16
tables in the first commit.
Implementation method, Compatible version. (part 1)
-------------------------------
For this reason I have implemented a "sufficient subset" of a
multiple routing table solution in Perforce, and back-ported it
to 6.x. (also in Perforce though not always caught up with what I
have done in -current/P4). The subset allows a number of FIBs
to be defined at compile time (8 is sufficient for my purposes in 6.x)
and implements the changes needed to allow IPV4 to use them. I have not
done the changes for ipv6 simply because I do not need it, and I do not
have enough knowledge of ipv6 (e.g. neighbor discovery) needed to do it.
Other protocol families are left untouched and should there be
users with proprietary protocol families, they should continue to work
and be oblivious to the existence of the extra FIBs.
To understand how this is done, one must know that the current FIB
code starts everything off with a single dimensional array of
pointers to FIB head structures (One per protocol family), each of
which in turn points to the trie of routes available to that family.
The basic change in the ABI compatible version of the change is to
extent that array to be a 2 dimensional array, so that
instead of protocol family X looking at rt_tables[X] for the
table it needs, it looks at rt_tables[Y][X] when for all
protocol families except ipv4 Y is always 0.
Code that is unaware of the change always just sees the first row
of the table, which of course looks just like the one dimensional
array that existed before.
The entry points rtrequest(), rtalloc(), rtalloc1(), rtalloc_ign()
are all maintained, but refer only to the first row of the array,
so that existing callers in proprietary protocols can continue to
do the "right thing".
Some new entry points are added, for the exclusive use of ipv4 code
called in_rtrequest(), in_rtalloc(), in_rtalloc1() and in_rtalloc_ign(),
which have an extra argument which refers the code to the correct row.
In addition, there are some new entry points (currently called
rtalloc_fib() and friends) that check the Address family being
looked up and call either rtalloc() (and friends) if the protocol
is not IPv4 forcing the action to row 0 or to the appropriate row
if it IS IPv4 (and that info is available). These are for calling
from code that is not specific to any particular protocol. The way
these are implemented would change in the non ABI preserving code
to be added later.
One feature of the first version of the code is that for ipv4,
the interface routes show up automatically on all the FIBs, so
that no matter what FIB you select you always have the basic
direct attached hosts available to you. (rtinit() does this
automatically).
You CAN delete an interface route from one FIB should you want
to but by default it's there. ARP information is also available
in each FIB. It's assumed that the same machine would have the
same MAC address, regardless of which FIB you are using to get
to it.
This brings us as to how the correct FIB is selected for an outgoing
IPV4 packet.
Firstly, all packets have a FIB associated with them. if nothing
has been done to change it, it will be FIB 0. The FIB is changed
in the following ways.
Packets fall into one of a number of classes.
1/ locally generated packets, coming from a socket/PCB.
Such packets select a FIB from a number associated with the
socket/PCB. This in turn is inherited from the process,
but can be changed by a socket option. The process in turn
inherits it on fork. I have written a utility call setfib
that acts a bit like nice..
setfib -3 ping target.example.com # will use fib 3 for ping.
It is an obvious extension to make it a property of a jail
but I have not done so. It can be achieved by combining the setfib and
jail commands.
2/ packets received on an interface for forwarding.
By default these packets would use table 0,
(or possibly a number settable in a sysctl(not yet)).
but prior to routing the firewall can inspect them (see below).
(possibly in the future you may be able to associate a FIB
with packets received on an interface.. An ifconfig arg, but not yet.)
3/ packets inspected by a packet classifier, which can arbitrarily
associate a fib with it on a packet by packet basis.
A fib assigned to a packet by a packet classifier
(such as ipfw) would over-ride a fib associated by
a more default source. (such as cases 1 or 2).
4/ a tcp listen socket associated with a fib will generate
accept sockets that are associated with that same fib.
5/ Packets generated in response to some other packet (e.g. reset
or icmp packets). These should use the FIB associated with the
packet being reponded to.
6/ Packets generated during encapsulation.
gif, tun and other tunnel interfaces will encapsulate using the FIB
that was in effect withthe proces that set up the tunnel.
thus setfib 1 ifconfig gif0 [tunnel instructions]
will set the fib for the tunnel to use to be fib 1.
Routing messages would be associated with their
process, and thus select one FIB or another.
messages from the kernel would be associated with the fib they
refer to and would only be received by a routing socket associated
with that fib. (not yet implemented)
In addition Netstat has been edited to be able to cope with the
fact that the array is now 2 dimensional. (It looks in system
memory using libkvm (!)). Old versions of netstat see only the first FIB.
In addition two sysctls are added to give:
a) the number of FIBs compiled in (active)
b) the default FIB of the calling process.
Early testing experience:
-------------------------
Basically our (IronPort's) appliance does this functionality already
using ipfw fwd but that method has some drawbacks.
For example,
It can't fully simulate a routing table because it can't influence the
socket's choice of local address when a connect() is done.
Testing during the generating of these changes has been
remarkably smooth so far. Multiple tables have co-existed
with no notable side effects, and packets have been routes
accordingly.
ipfw has grown 2 new keywords:
setfib N ip from anay to any
count ip from any to any fib N
In pf there seems to be a requirement to be able to give symbolic names to the
fibs but I do not have that capacity. I am not sure if it is required.
SCTP has interestingly enough built in support for this, called VRFs
in Cisco parlance. it will be interesting to see how that handles it
when it suddenly actually does something.
Where to next:
--------------------
After committing the ABI compatible version and MFCing it, I'd
like to proceed in a forward direction in -current. this will
result in some roto-tilling in the routing code.
Firstly: the current code's idea of having a separate tree per
protocol family, all of the same format, and pointed to by the
1 dimensional array is a bit silly. Especially when one considers that
there is code that makes assumptions about every protocol having the
same internal structures there. Some protocols don't WANT that
sort of structure. (for example the whole idea of a netmask is foreign
to appletalk). This needs to be made opaque to the external code.
My suggested first change is to add routing method pointers to the
'domain' structure, along with information pointing the data.
instead of having an array of pointers to uniform structures,
there would be an array pointing to the 'domain' structures
for each protocol address domain (protocol family),
and the methods this reached would be called. The methods would have
an argument that gives FIB number, but the protocol would be free
to ignore it.
When the ABI can be changed it raises the possibilty of the
addition of a fib entry into the "struct route". Currently,
the structure contains the sockaddr of the desination, and the resulting
fib entry. To make this work fully, one could add a fib number
so that given an address and a fib, one can find the third element, the
fib entry.
Interaction with the ARP layer/ LL layer would need to be
revisited as well. Qing Li has been working on this already.
This work was sponsored by Ironport Systems/Cisco
Reviewed by: several including rwatson, bz and mlair (parts each)
Obtained from: Ironport systems/Cisco
explicitly select write locking for all use of the inpcb mutex.
Update some pcbinfo lock assertions to assert locked rather than
write-locked, although in practice almost all uses of the pcbinfo
rwlock main exclusive, and all instances of inpcb lock acquisition
are exclusive.
This change should introduce (ideally) little functional change.
However, it lays the groundwork for significantly increased
parallelism in the TCP/IP code.
MFC after: 3 months
Tested by: kris (superset of committered patch)
IPPORT_EPHEMERALFIRST and IPPORT_EPHEMERALLAST with values
10000 and 65535 respectively.
The rationale behind is that it makes the attacker's life more
difficult if he/she wants to guess the ephemeral port range and
also lowers the probability of a port colision (described in
draft-ietf-tsvwg-port-randomization-01.txt).
While there, remove code duplication in in_pcbbind_setup().
Submitted by: Fernando Gont <fernando at gont.com.ar>
Approved by: njl (mentor)
Reviewed by: silby, bms
Discussed on: freebsd-net
free the MAC label on the inpcb before freeing the inpcb.
MFC after: 3 days
Submitted by: tanyong <tanyong at ercist dot iscas dot ac dot cn>,
zhouzhouyi
from Mac OS X Leopard--rationalize naming for entry points to
the following general forms:
mac_<object>_<method/action>
mac_<object>_check_<method/action>
The previous naming scheme was inconsistent and mostly
reversed from the new scheme. Also, make object types more
consistent and remove spaces from object types that contain
multiple parts ("posix_sem" -> "posixsem") to make mechanical
parsing easier. Introduce a new "netinet" object type for
certain IPv4/IPv6-related methods. Also simplify, slightly,
some entry point names.
All MAC policy modules will need to be recompiled, and modules
not updates as part of this commit will need to be modified to
conform to the new KPI.
Sponsored by: SPARTA (original patches against Mac OS X)
Obtained from: TrustedBSD Project, Apple Computer
This commit includes only the kernel files, the rest of the files
will follow in a second commit.
Reviewed by: bz
Approved by: re
Supported by: Secure Computing
and protocol-independent host mode multicast. The code is written to
accomodate IPv6, IGMPv3 and MLDv2 with only a little additional work.
This change only pertains to FreeBSD's use as a multicast end-station and
does not concern multicast routing; for an IGMPv3/MLDv2 router
implementation, consider the XORP project.
The work is based on Wilbert de Graaf's IGMPv3 code drop for FreeBSD 4.6,
which is available at: http://www.kloosterhof.com/wilbert/igmpv3.html
Summary
* IPv4 multicast socket processing is now moved out of ip_output.c
into a new module, in_mcast.c.
* The in_mcast.c module implements the IPv4 legacy any-source API in
terms of the protocol-independent source-specific API.
* Source filters are lazy allocated as the common case does not use them.
They are part of per inpcb state and are covered by the inpcb lock.
* struct ip_mreqn is now supported to allow applications to specify
multicast joins by interface index in the legacy IPv4 any-source API.
* In UDP, an incoming multicast datagram only requires that the source
port matches the 4-tuple if the socket was already bound by source port.
An unbound socket SHOULD be able to receive multicasts sent from an
ephemeral source port.
* The UDP socket multicast filter mode defaults to exclusive, that is,
sources present in the per-socket list will be blocked from delivery.
* The RFC 3678 userland functions have been added to libc: setsourcefilter,
getsourcefilter, setipv4sourcefilter, getipv4sourcefilter.
* Definitions for IGMPv3 are merged but not yet used.
* struct sockaddr_storage is now referenced from <netinet/in.h>. It
is therefore defined there if not already declared in the same way
as for the C99 types.
* The RFC 1724 hack (specify 0.0.0.0/8 addresses to IP_MULTICAST_IF
which are then interpreted as interface indexes) is now deprecated.
* A patch for the Rhyolite.com routed in the FreeBSD base system
is available in the -net archives. This only affects individuals
running RIPv1 or RIPv2 via point-to-point and/or unnumbered interfaces.
* Make IPv6 detach path similar to IPv4's in code flow; functionally same.
* Bump __FreeBSD_version to 700048; see UPDATING.
This work was financially supported by another FreeBSD committer.
Obtained from: p4://bms_netdev
Submitted by: Wilbert de Graaf (original work)
Reviewed by: rwatson (locking), silence from fenner,
net@ (but with encouragement)
some cases, move to priv_check() if it was an operation on a thread and
no other flags were present.
Eliminate caller-side jail exception checking (also now-unused); jail
privilege exception code now goes solely in kern_jail.c.
We can't yet eliminate suser() due to some cases in the KAME code where
a privilege check is performed and then used in many different deferred
paths. Do, however, move those prototypes to priv.h.
Reviewed by: csjp
Obtained from: TrustedBSD Project
protocol entry points using functions named proto_getsockaddr and
proto_getpeeraddr rather than proto_setsockaddr and proto_setpeeraddr.
While it's true that sockaddrs are allocated and set, the net effect is
to retrieve (get) the socket address or peer address from a socket, not
set it, so align names to that intent.
consistent with the naming of other structure field members, and
reducing improper grep matches. Clean up and comment structure
fields in structure definition.
specific privilege names to a broad range of privileges. These may
require some future tweaking.
Sponsored by: nCircle Network Security, Inc.
Obtained from: TrustedBSD Project
Discussed on: arch@
Reviewed (at least in part) by: mlaier, jmg, pjd, bde, ceri,
Alex Lyashkov <umka at sevcity dot net>,
Skip Ford <skip dot ford at verizon dot net>,
Antoine Brodin <antoine dot brodin at laposte dot net>
begun with a repo-copy of mac.h to mac_framework.h. sys/mac.h now
contains the userspace and user<->kernel API and definitions, with all
in-kernel interfaces moved to mac_framework.h, which is now included
across most of the kernel instead.
This change is the first step in a larger cleanup and sweep of MAC
Framework interfaces in the kernel, and will not be MFC'd.
Obtained from: TrustedBSD Project
Sponsored by: SPARTA
bad under high load. For example with 40k sockets and 25k tcptw
entries, connect() syscall can run for seconds. Debugging showed
that it iterates the cycle millions times and purges thousands of
tcptw entries at a time.
Besides practical unusability this change is architecturally
wrong. First, in_pcblookup_local() is used in connect() and bind()
syscalls. No stale entries purging shouldn't be done here. Second,
it is a layering violation.
o Return back the tcptw purging cycle to tcp_timer_2msl_tw(),
that was removed in rev. 1.78 by rwatson. The commit log of this
revision tells nothing about the reason cycle was removed. Now
we need this cycle, since major cleaner of stale tcptw structures
is removed.
o Disable probably necessary, but now unused
tcp_twrecycleable() function.
Reviewed by: ru
( and where appropriate the destruction) of the pcb mutex to the init/finit
functions of the pcb zones.
This allows locking of the pcb entries and race condition free comparison
of the generation count.
Rearrange locking a bit to avoid extra locking operation to update the generation
count in in_pcballoc(). (in_pcballoc now returns the pcb locked)
I am planning to convert pcb list handling from a type safe to a reference count
model soon. ( As this allows really freeing the PCBs)
Reviewed by: rwatson@, mohans@
MFC after: 1 week
into in_pcbdrop(). Expand logic to detach the inpcb from its bound
address/port so that dropping a TCP connection releases the inpcb resource
reservation, which since the introduction of socket/pcb reference count
updates, has been persisting until the socket closed rather than being
released implicitly due to prior freeing of the inpcb on TCP drop.
MFC after: 3 months
holding the inpcb lock is sufficient to prevent races in reading
the address and port, as both the inpcb lock and pcbinfo lock are
required to change the address/port.
Improve consistency of spelling in assertions about inp != NULL.
MFC after: 3 months
NULL. We currently do allow this to happen, but may want to remove that
possibility in the future. This case can occur when a socket is left
open after TCP wraps up, and the timewait state is recycled. This will
be cleaned up in the future.
Found by: Kazuaki Oda <kaakun at highway dot ne dot jp>
MFC after: 3 months
casts.
Consistently use intotw() to cast inp_ppcb pointers to struct tcptw *
pointers.
Consistently use intotcpcb() to cast inp_ppcb pointers to struct tcpcb *
pointers.
Don't assign tp to the results to intotcpcb() during variable declation
at the top of functions, as that is before the asserts relating to
locking have been performed. Do this later in the function after
appropriate assertions have run to allow that operation to be conisdered
safe.
MFC after: 3 months
- in_pcbdetach(), which removes the link between an inpcb and its
socket.
- in_pcbfree(), which frees a detached pcb.
Unlike the previous in_pcbdetach(), neither of these functions will
attempt to conditionally free the socket, as they are responsible only
for managing in_pcb memory. Mirror these changes into in6_pcbdetach()
by breaking it into in6_pcbdetach() and in6_pcbfree().
While here, eliminate undesired checks for NULL inpcb pointers in
sockets, as we will now have as an invariant that sockets will always
have valid so_pcb pointers.
MFC after: 3 months
we have another PCB which is bound to 0.0.0.0. If a PCB has the
INP_IPV6 flag, then we set its cost higher than IPv4 only PCBs.
Submitted by: Keiichi SHIMA <keiichi__at__iijlab.net>
Obtained from: KAME
MFC after: 1 week
