Commit Graph

229 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Sergey Kandaurov
05d98029e9 Sweep man pages replacing ad -> ada.
Approved by:	re (blackend)
MFC after:	1 week
X-MFC note:	stable/9 only
2013-10-01 18:41:53 +00:00
Joel Dahl
b1edef175b Remove contractions. 2013-04-11 18:46:41 +00:00
Kirk McKusick
baa12a84a7 The purpose of this change to the FFS layout policy is to reduce the
running time for a full fsck. It also reduces the random access time
for large files and speeds the traversal time for directory tree walks.

The key idea is to reserve a small area in each cylinder group
immediately following the inode blocks for the use of metadata,
specifically indirect blocks and directory contents. The new policy
is to preferentially place metadata in the metadata area and
everything else in the blocks that follow the metadata area.

The size of this area can be set when creating a filesystem using
newfs(8) or changed in an existing filesystem using tunefs(8).
Both utilities use the `-k held-for-metadata-blocks' option to
specify the amount of space to be held for metadata blocks in each
cylinder group. By default, newfs(8) sets this area to half of
minfree (typically 4% of the data area).

This work was inspired by a paper presented at Usenix's FAST '13:
www.usenix.org/conference/fast13/ffsck-fast-file-system-checker

Details of this implementation appears in the April 2013 of ;login:
www.usenix.org/publications/login/april-2013-volume-38-number-2.
A copy of the April 2013 ;login: paper can also be downloaded
from: www.mckusick.com/publications/faster_fsck.pdf.

Reviewed by: kib
Tested by:   Peter Holm
MFC after:   4 weeks
2013-03-22 21:45:28 +00:00
Edward Tomasz Napierala
549f62fa42 Fix problem with geom_label(4) not recognizing UFS labels on filesystems
extended using growfs(8).  The problem here is that geom_label checks if
the filesystem size recorded in UFS superblock is equal to the provider
(i.e. device) size.  This check cannot be removed due to backward
compatibility.  On the other hand, in most cases growfs(8) cannot set
fs_size in the superblock to match the provider size, because, differently
from newfs(8), it cannot recompute cylinder group sizes.

To fix this problem, add another superblock field, fs_providersize, used
only for this purpose.  The geom_label(4) will attach if either fs_size
(filesystem created with newfs(8)) or fs_providersize (filesystem expanded
using growfs(8)) matches the device size.

PR:		kern/165962
Reviewed by:	mckusick
Sponsored by:	FreeBSD Foundation
2012-10-30 21:32:10 +00:00
Matthew D Fleming
e25a029eb2 Fix sbin/ build with a 64-bit ino_t.
Original code by:	Gleb Kurtsou
2012-09-27 23:31:06 +00:00
Eitan Adler
08084125ee Fix warning when compiling with gcc46:
error: variable 'c' set but not used

Approved by:	dim
MFC after:	3 days
2012-01-10 02:59:09 +00:00
Kirk McKusick
1300433a2e Reduce NFPI by half to keep the default number of inodes the same with
the now default 32K/4K filesystem the same as the number of inodes in
the previously default 16K/2K filesystem.

PR:          bin/16265
Reported by: Olivier Cochard-Labbe <olivier@cochard.me>
MFC:         4 weeks (9 is the only affected branch)
2011-12-21 22:49:16 +00:00
Ed Schouten
1efe3c6b58 Add missing static keywords for global variables to tools in sbin/.
These tools declare global variables without using the static keyword,
even though their use is limited to a single C-file, or without placing
an extern declaration of them in the proper header file.
2011-11-04 13:36:02 +00:00
Edward Tomasz Napierala
89d8548ce6 Advertise growfs(8) a little better. 2011-06-22 18:02:28 +00:00
Kirk McKusick
3fa3e267de Update the manual page to reflect the new 32K/4K defaults.
Reminded by: Ivan Voras
2011-05-28 15:14:50 +00:00
Kirk McKusick
20f2694aa9 Raise the default blocksize for UFS/FFS filesystems from
16K to 32K and the default fragment size from 2K to 4K.

The rational is that most disks are now running with 4K
sectors.  While they can (slowly) simulate 512-byte sectors
by doing a read-modify-write, it is desirable to avoid this
functionality.  By raising the minimum filesystem allocation
to 4K, the filesystem will never trigger the small sector
emulation.

Also, the growth of disk sizes has lead us to double the
default block size about every ten years.  The rise from 8K
to 16K blocks was done in 2001.  So, by the 10-year metric,
the time has come for 32K blocks.

Discussed at: May 2011 BSDCan Developer Summit
Reference: http://wiki.freebsd.org/201105DevSummit/FileSystems
2011-05-26 18:22:49 +00:00
Colin Percival
c2805605f7 Stop trying to zero UFS1 superblocks if we fall off the end of the disk.
This avoids a potentially many-hours-long loop of failed writes if newfs
finds a partially-overwritten superblock (or, for that matter, random
garbage which happens to have superblock magic bytes); on one occasion I
found newfs trying to zero 800 million superblocks on a 50 MB disk.

Reviewed by:	mckusick
MFC after:	1 week
2011-04-26 02:06:31 +00:00
Jaakko Heinonen
75297f6e48 Xref makefs(8).
PR:		154708
Submitted by:	jhs
2011-02-22 15:31:40 +00:00
Kirk McKusick
d92f0739ab Add the -j option to enable soft updates journaling when creating
a new file system.

Reviewed by: Kostik Belousov <kostikbel@gmail.com>
2011-02-16 06:00:27 +00:00
Kirk McKusick
7649cb0043 The dump, fsck_ffs, fsdb, fsirand, newfs, makefs, and quot utilities
include sys/time.h instead of time.h. This include is incorrect as
per the manpages for the APIs and the POSIX definitions. This commit
replaces sys/time.h where necessary with time.h.

The commit also includes some minor style(9) header fixup in newfs.

This commit is part of a larger effort by Garrett Cooper started in
//depot/user/gcooper/posix-conformance-work/ -- to make FreeBSD more
POSIX compliant.

Submitted by:  Garrett Cooper   yanegomi at gmail dot com
2011-01-24 06:17:05 +00:00
Konstantin Belousov
a738d4cf20 Add support for FS_TRIM to user-mode UFS utilities.
Reviewed by:	mckusick, pjd, pho
Tested by:	pho
MFC after:	1 month
2010-12-29 12:31:18 +00:00
Konstantin Belousov
03ee10d8e4 Add the missed 'p' flag to getopt() optstring argument.
MFC after:	1 week
2010-12-15 12:45:28 +00:00
Kirk McKusick
8d408dff91 Reported problem:
Large (60GB) filesystems created using "newfs -U -O 1 -b 65536 -f 8192"
show incorrect results from "df" for free and used space when mounted
immediately after creation. fsck on the new filesystem (before ever
mounting it once) gives a "SUMMARY INFORMATION BAD" error in phase 5.

This error hasn't occurred in any runs of fsck immediately after
"newfs -U -b 65536 -f 8192" (leaving out the "-O 1" option).

Solution:
The default UFS1 superblock is located at offset 8K in the filesystem
partition; the default UFS2 superblock is located at offset 64K in
the filesystem partition. For UFS1 filesystems with a blocksize of
64K, the first alternate superblock resides at 64K which is the the
location used for the default UFS2 superblock. By default, the
system first checks for a valid superblock at the default location
for a UFS2 filoesystem. For a UFS1 filesystem with a blocksize of
64K, there is a valid UFS1 superblock at this location.  Thus, even
though it is expected to be a backup superblock, the system will
use it as its default superblock. So, we have to ensure that all the
statistcs on usage are correct in this first alternate superblock
as it is the superblock that will actually be used.

While tracking down this problem, another limitation of UFS1 became
evident. For UFS1, the number of inodes per cylinder group is stored
in an int16_t. Thus the maximum number of inodes per cylinder group
is limited to 2^15 - 1. This limit can easily be exceeded for block
sizes of 32K and above. Thus when building UFS1 filesystems, newfs
must limit the number of inodes per cylinder group to 2^15 - 1.

Reported by: Guy Helmer<ghelmer@palisadesys.com>
Followup by: Bruce Cran <brucec@freebsd.org>
PR:          107692
MFC after:   4 weeks
2010-09-24 19:08:56 +00:00
Glen Barber
75f01cd104 Synchronize newfs(8) manual with code.
PR:		61716
Submitted by:	Radim Kolar <hsn at netmag cz>
Patch by:	arundel
Approved by:	keramida (mentor)
MFC after:	1 week
2010-09-14 12:12:07 +00:00
Glen Barber
92d01db21c Rewording and typo fixes in newfs(8).
PR:		150490
Submitted by:	Eitan Adler <foreignuser at eitanadler com>
Additional fixes by:	Warren Block <wblock at wonkity com>, keramida
Approved by:	keramida (mentor)
MFC after:	1 week
2010-09-12 17:50:07 +00:00
Maxim Sobolev
8c04d588c5 Fix "Empty input line" mdoc warning.
Submitted by:	Alexander Best
2010-03-10 00:47:09 +00:00
Maxim Sobolev
e0999e592b o bdeficize expand_number_int() function;
o revert most of the recent changes (int -> int64_t conversion) by using
this functon for parsing all options.
2010-03-09 19:31:08 +00:00
Maxim Sobolev
eb8d193be2 Change secrorsize back to int, since that's the data type expected by the
ioctl(DIOCGSECTORSIZE). It creates issues on some architectures.

MFC after:	1 week
Reported by:	Jayachandran C.
2010-03-09 10:31:03 +00:00
Warner Losh
683d4eac76 Cast these to intmax_t before printing to fix build bustage. Better
solutions welcome.
2010-03-03 21:53:25 +00:00
Maxim Sobolev
32bdc2b685 Use expand_number(3) from libutil instead of home-grown function to parse
human-friendly power-of-two numbers (i.e. 2k, 5M etc).

Suggested by:	many
MFC after:	1 week
2010-03-03 19:25:28 +00:00
Maxim Sobolev
83b5ab2770 Teach newfs(8) to understand size modifiers for all options taking
size or size-like argument. I.e. "-s 32k" instead of "-s 32768".
Size parsing function has been shamelessly stolen from the truncate(1).
I'm sure many sysadmins out there will appreciate this small
improvement.

MFC after:	1 week
2010-03-03 02:05:09 +00:00
Kirk McKusick
81479e688b One last pass to get all the unsigned comparisons correct. 2010-02-11 18:14:53 +00:00
Kirk McKusick
cb464c69c0 Ensure that newfs will never create a filesystem with more than 2^32
inodes by cutting back on the number of inodes per cylinder group if
necessary to stay under the limit. For a default (16K block) file
system, this limit begins to take effect for file systems above 32Tb.

This fix is in addition to -r203763 which corrected a problem in the
kernel that treated large inode numbers as negative rather than unsigned.
For a default (16K block) file system, this bug began to show up at a
file system size above about 16Tb.

Reported by: Scott Burns, John Kilburg, Bruce Evans
Followup by: Jeff Roberson
PR:          133980
MFC after:   2 weeks
2010-02-10 20:17:46 +00:00
Xin LI
e475c594e4 Correct two typos.
Reported by:	Brandon Falk <falkman gamozo org>
MFC after:	1 week
2010-02-06 00:25:46 +00:00
Ed Schouten
f6d189a9e4 Raise WARNS for various tools where possible.
Submitted by:	Marius Nünnerich <marius@nuenneri.ch>
2010-01-17 21:56:27 +00:00
Martin Blapp
1457e0cdac Fix typo: s/partion/partition/
Submitted by:	Marc Balmer <marc@msys.ch>
MFC after:	3 days
2010-01-02 17:32:40 +00:00
Edward Tomasz Napierala
4e6430a67f Slightly improve gjournal documentation.
Reviewed by:	pjd
2009-04-29 10:02:50 +00:00
Olivier Houchard
02dda28606 Don't add a bwrite() symbol, it breaks the build when building newfs
statically.
Instead, bring in a stripped down version of sbwrite(), and add the offset
to every bwrite() calls.
2009-02-12 15:28:15 +00:00
Luigi Rizzo
59cf6deb68 Move the check for the ending char in the partition name where
it was before -- the check is only made when getdisklabel()
returns valid info.
On passing, use MAXPARTITIONS to identify the max partition number,
instead of the hardwired 'h'

MFC after:	4 weeks
2008-12-12 15:56:38 +00:00
Luigi Rizzo
64c8fef580 Enable operation of newfs on plain files, which is useful when you
want to prepare disk images for emulators (though 'makefs' in port
can do something similar).

This relies on:
+ minor changes to pass the consistency checks even when working on a file;

+ an additional option, '-p partition' , to specify the disk partition to
  initialize;

+ some changes on the I/O routines to deal with partition offsets.

The latter was a bit tricky to implement, see the details in newfs.h:
in newfs, I/O is done through libufs which assumes that the file
descriptor refers to the whole partition. Introducing support for
the offset in libufs would require a non-backward compatible change
in the library, to be dealt with a version bump or with symbol
versioning.

I felt both approaches to be overkill for this specific application,
especially because there might be other changes to libufs that might
become necessary in the near future.

So I used the following trick:
- read access is always done by calling bread() directly, so we just add
  the offset in the (few) places that call bread();
- write access is done through bwrite() and sbwrite(), which in turn
  calls bwrite(). To avoid rewriting sbwrite(), we supply our own version
  of bwrite() here, which takes precedence over the version in libufs.

MFC after:	4 weeks
2008-12-03 18:36:59 +00:00
Remko Lodder
eba8219e9b Replace reference from vinum.8 to gvinum.8, it was advised in the PR to
replace this with vinum.4, but that's the kernel interface manual, which
is not appropriate in my understanding.  I think that gvinum is a suitable
replacement for this.

PR:		docs/121938
Submitted by:	"Federico" <federicogalvezdurand at yahoo dot com>
MFC after:	3 days
2008-03-21 20:16:25 +00:00
Xin LI
a6a568708b Use calloc(). 2008-03-05 23:17:19 +00:00
Poul-Henning Kamp
59c0f72857 Report erase interval (correctly) in sectors. 2007-12-16 20:19:55 +00:00
Poul-Henning Kamp
9a6378d803 Rename the undocumented -E option to -X.
Implement -E option which will erase the filesystem sectors before
making the new filesystem.  Reserved space in front of the superblock
(bootcode) is not erased.

NB: Erasing can take as long time as writing every sector sequentially.

This is relevant for all flash based disks which use wearlevelling.
2007-12-16 19:41:31 +00:00
Yaroslav Tykhiy
3249f70d0f - Pay attention to the fact that ioctl(2) is only known to
return -1 on error while any other return value from it can
indicate success.  (See RETURN VALUE in our ioctl(2) manpage
and the POSIX spec.)

- Avoid assumptions about the state of the data buffer after
ioctl(2) failure.
2007-11-28 07:54:42 +00:00
Yaroslav Tykhiy
35956d32df MFp4:
Add a new option to newfs(8), -r, to specify reserved space at the
end of the device.  It can be useful, e.g., when the device is to
become a member of a gmirror array later w/o losing the file system
on it.

Document the new option in the manpage.

While I'm here, improve error handling for -s option, which is
syntactically similar to -r; and document the fact that -s0 selects
the default fs size explicitly, which can be useful, e.g., in a
menu-based wrapper around newfs(8) requiring some value be entered
for the fs size.

Also fix a small typo in the help line for -s (missing space).

Idea and initial implementation by:	marck
Discussed on:				-fs
Critical review by:			bde
Tested with:				cmp(1)
2007-11-28 07:29:10 +00:00
Pawel Jakub Dawidek
b8f6a34f3e Document -J in usage.
Submitted by:	Eric Anderson <anderson@freebsd.org>
2007-03-02 20:07:59 +00:00
Pawel Jakub Dawidek
868c68ed1d Add -J flag to both newfs(8) and tunefs(8) which allows to enable gjournal
support.
I left -j flag for UFS journal implementation which we may gain at some
point.

Sponsored by:	home.pl
2006-10-31 21:52:28 +00:00
Xin LI
3a6ab3de8d Explicitly say which gid do we use as a fallback, when operator
is not found.

Suggested by:	kensmith
2006-09-27 05:49:21 +00:00
Ian Dowse
9405aea2e2 Don't treat failure to find the operator GID as a fatal error; this
made it impossible to use newfs (and mdmfs) when /etc/group is
missing and /etc is read-only.
2005-08-14 17:07:04 +00:00
Xin LI
3ae329b8d2 When creating a new FFS file system, the block size will indirectly
affect the largest file size that is allowed by the file system.
On the other hand, when creating a snapshot, the snapshot file will
appear as it is as big as the file system itself.  Hence we will not
be able to create a file system on large file systems with small
block sizes.

Add a warning about this, and gives some hints to correct the issue.

Reviewed by:	mckusick
MFC After:	1 week
2005-02-20 06:33:18 +00:00
Ruslan Ermilov
d591eb90f7 Document -l and -n options in usage(). 2005-01-22 14:37:57 +00:00
Ruslan Ermilov
a1761aecf5 Polish previous revision:
- Bump document date.
- Spell "file system" properly.
- Add missing markup bits.
2005-01-22 14:36:51 +00:00
Wes Peters
34b59b6bf2 Add an option to suppress the creation of the .snap directory in
the new filesystem.  This is intended for memory and vnode filesystems
that will never be fsck'ed or dumped.

Obtained from:	St. Bernard Software RAPID
MFC after:	2 weeks
2005-01-21 22:20:25 +00:00
Pawel Jakub Dawidek
e075f345b6 Cast to intmax_t when using %jd format.
MFC after:	3 days
2005-01-08 17:19:56 +00:00