Commit Graph

49 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Pawel Jakub Dawidek
1a60c7fc8e Add gjournal specific code to the UFS file system:
- Add FS_GJOURNAL flag which enables gjournal support on a file system.
- Add cg_unrefs field to the cylinder group structure which holds
  number of unreferenced (orphaned) inodes in the given cylinder group.
- Add fs_unrefs field to the super block structure which holds
  total number of unreferenced (orphaned) inodes.
- When file or a directory is orphaned (last reference is removed, but
  object is still open), increase fs_unrefs and cg_unrefs fields,
  which is a hint for fsck in which cylinder groups looks for such
  (orphaned) objects.
- When file is last closed, decrease {fs,cg}_unrefs fields.
- Add VV_DELETED vnode flag which points at orphaned objects.

Sponsored by:	home.pl
2006-10-31 21:48:54 +00:00
Xin LI
a16baf37b9 The recomputation of file system summary at mount time can be a
very slow process, especially for large file systems that is just
recovered from a crash.

Since the summary is already re-sync'ed every 30 second, we will
not lag behind too much after a crash.  With this consideration
in mind, it is more reasonable to transfer the responsibility to
background fsck, to reduce the delay after a crash.

Add a new sysctl variable, vfs.ffs.compute_summary_at_mount, to
control this behavior.  When set to nonzero, we will get the
"old" behavior, that the summary is computed immediately at mount
time.

Add five new sysctl variables to adjust ndir, nbfree, nifree,
nffree and numclusters respectively.  Teach fsck_ffs about these
API, however, intentionally not to check the existence, since
kernels without these sysctls must have recomputed the summary
and hence no adjustments are necessary.

This change has eliminated the usual tens of minutes of delay of
mounting large dirty volumes.

Reviewed by:	mckusick
MFC After:	1 week
2005-02-20 08:02:15 +00:00
Jeff Roberson
f2aa1113a3 - Mark the struct fs members that require the ufsmount mutex.
- Define some macros for manipulating the fs_active bitmap.

Sponsored By:	Isilon Systems, Inc.
2005-01-24 10:03:17 +00:00
Warner Losh
60727d8b86 /* -> /*- for license, minor formatting changes 2005-01-07 02:29:27 +00:00
Nate Lawson
894d8d3c03 Fix fsbtodb() for UFS1. This fixes an overflow for file sizes >1 TB,
allowing for sizes up to 4 TB.  This doesn't affect UFS2 since b is already
a 64 bit type, coincidental with daddr_t.

Submitted by:	bde
2004-10-09 20:16:06 +00:00
John Baldwin
b72ea57f3b Generalize the UFS bad magic value used to determine when a filesystem
has only been partly initialized via newfs(8) so that it applies to both
UFS1 and UFS2.

Submitted by:	"Xin LI" delphij at frontfree dot net
MFC:		maybe?
2004-08-19 11:09:13 +00:00
Kirill Ponomarev
b4a1d9299a - Fix typo
Approved by:	tobez
2004-05-31 16:55:12 +00:00
Warner Losh
012d41340a Remove advertising clause from University of California Regent's
license, per letter dated July 22, 1999 and irc message from Robert
Watson saying that clause 3 can be removed from those files with an
NAI copyright that also have only a University of California
copyrights.

Approved by: core, rwatson
2004-04-07 03:47:21 +00:00
Maxime Henrion
b1fddb236f Fix the remaining warnings of growfs(8) on my sparc64 box with
WARNS=6.  I don't change the WARNS level in the Makefile because I
didn't tested this on other archs.

The fs.h fix was suggested by:	marcel
Reviewed by:	md5(1)
2004-04-03 23:30:59 +00:00
Wes Peters
ec52df8eb9 Write the UFS2 superblock with a 'BAD' magic number at the beginning
of newfs, to signify the newfs operation has not yet completed.  Re-
write the superblock with the correct magic number once all of the
cylinder groups have been created to show the operation has finished.

Sponsored by:	St. Bernard Software
2003-11-16 07:08:27 +00:00
Kirk McKusick
d60682c239 This patch fixes a bug in the logical block calculation macros so
that they convert to 64-bit values before shifting rather than
afterwards. Once fixed, they can be used rather than inline expanded.

Sponsored by:   DARPA & NAI Labs.
2003-02-22 00:19:26 +00:00
Marcel Moolenaar
cc4a858397 o Improve wording of the comment that accompanies fs_pad. The
padding is not specific to non-i386 architectures. It is
   caused by non-i386 specific alignment requirements of
   fs_swuid,
o  Add a CTASSERT to catch a change in the size of struct fs
   at compile-time rather than run-time.

Ok'd: gordon
Tested on: i386 ia64
2003-01-10 06:59:34 +00:00
Gordon Tetlow
963cae780f Fix superblock alignment problems on non-i386 platforms. Also change fs_uuid
to fs_swuid, making it more descriptive.

Submitted by:	marcel
Reviewed by:	peter
Pointy hat to:	gordon
2003-01-09 23:53:30 +00:00
Gordon Tetlow
291871da9e Steal some space from fs_fsmnt to create fs_volname and fs_uuid. The volname
will be used to support volume names with the help of a GEOM module (to be
committed). uuid will be used to deal with conflicting volume names (which
doesn't work just yet).

Approved by:	mckusick@
2003-01-08 22:53:54 +00:00
Kirk McKusick
ada981b228 Create a new 32-bit fs_flags word in the superblock. Add code to move
the old 8-bit fs_old_flags to the new location the first time that the
filesystem is mounted by a new kernel. One of the unused flags in
fs_old_flags is used to indicate that the flags have been moved.
Leave the fs_old_flags word intact so that it will work properly if
used on an old kernel.

Change the fs_sblockloc superblock location field to be in units
of bytes instead of in units of filesystem fragments. The old units
did not work properly when the fragment size exceeeded the superblock
size (8192). Update old fs_sblockloc values at the same time that
the flags are moved.

Suggested by:	BOUWSMA Barry <freebsd-misuser@netscum.dyndns.dk>
Sponsored by:   DARPA & NAI Labs.
2002-11-27 02:18:58 +00:00
Robert Watson
3ceef565b2 Define two new superblock file system flags:
FS_ACLS		Administrative enable/disable of extended ACL support
FS_MULTILABEL	Administrative flag to indicate to the MAC Framework
		that objects in the file system are individually
		labeled using extended attributes.

Obtained from:	TrustedBSD Project
Sponsored by:	DARPA, Network Associates Laboratories
Reviewed by:	(in principal) mckusick, phk
2002-10-14 17:07:11 +00:00
Kirk McKusick
1c85e6a35d This commit adds basic support for the UFS2 filesystem. The UFS2
filesystem expands the inode to 256 bytes to make space for 64-bit
block pointers. It also adds a file-creation time field, an ability
to use jumbo blocks per inode to allow extent like pointer density,
and space for extended attributes (up to twice the filesystem block
size worth of attributes, e.g., on a 16K filesystem, there is space
for 32K of attributes). UFS2 fully supports and runs existing UFS1
filesystems. New filesystems built using newfs can be built in either
UFS1 or UFS2 format using the -O option. In this commit UFS1 is
the default format, so if you want to build UFS2 format filesystems,
you must specify -O 2. This default will be changed to UFS2 when
UFS2 proves itself to be stable. In this commit the boot code for
reading UFS2 filesystems is not compiled (see /sys/boot/common/ufsread.c)
as there is insufficient space in the boot block. Once the size of the
boot block is increased, this code can be defined.

Things to note: the definition of SBSIZE has changed to SBLOCKSIZE.
The header file <ufs/ufs/dinode.h> must be included before
<ufs/ffs/fs.h> so as to get the definitions of ufs2_daddr_t and
ufs_lbn_t.

Still TODO:
Verify that the first level bootstraps work for all the architectures.
Convert the utility ffsinfo to understand UFS2 and test growfs.
Add support for the extended attribute storage. Update soft updates
to ensure integrity of extended attribute storage. Switch the
current extended attribute interfaces to use the extended attribute
storage. Add the extent like functionality (framework is there,
but is currently never used).

Sponsored by: DARPA & NAI Labs.
Reviewed by:	Poul-Henning Kamp <phk@freebsd.org>
2002-06-21 06:18:05 +00:00
Tom Rhodes
d394511de3 More s/file system/filesystem/g 2002-05-16 21:28:32 +00:00
Poul-Henning Kamp
7110af7577 ARGH! SBLOCK is not unused. Try to get this right.
BBSIZE belongs in <sys/disklabel.h> (but shouldn't be a constant).

Define SBLOCK again, using the right math.

Sponsored by: DARPA & NAI Labs.
2002-05-12 20:21:40 +00:00
Poul-Henning Kamp
7cb71b749c Remove #define for BBOFF, it is assumed == 0 so many places that we might
as well forget about it.  In fact the only thing which used it was the
SBOFF macro.

Sponsored by: DARPA & NAI Labs.
2002-05-12 20:00:21 +00:00
Poul-Henning Kamp
16910634dd Remove unused BBLOCK and SBLOCK #defines.
Sponsored by: DARPA & NAI Labs.
2002-05-12 19:56:31 +00:00
Poul-Henning Kamp
a463023d6d Move the FFS parameter MAXFRAG from <sys/param.h> to <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
Sponsored by:	DARPA & NAI Labs.
2002-04-03 20:39:27 +00:00
Kirk McKusick
99bef8782b Fix a bug introduced in ffs_snapshot.c -r1.25 and fs.h -r1.26
which caused incomplete snapshots to be taken. When background
fsck would run on these snapshots, the result would be files
being incorrectly released which would subsequently panic the
kernel with ``handle_workitem_freefile: inodedep survived'',
``handle_written_inodeblock: live inodedep'', and
``handle_workitem_remove: lost inodedep'' errors.
2002-01-17 08:33:32 +00:00
Kirk McKusick
f305c5d199 Change the atomic_set_char to atomic_set_int and atomic_clear_char
to atomic_clear_int to ease the implementation for the sparc64.

Requested by:	Jake Burkholder <jake@locore.ca>
2001-12-18 18:05:17 +00:00
Ian Dowse
3fa4044e34 Move the new superblock field `fs_active' into the region of the
superblock that is already set up to handle pointer types. This
fixes an accidental change in the superblock size on 64-bit platforms
caused by revision 1.24.
2001-12-16 18:51:11 +00:00
Kirk McKusick
cc5a92334f Minimize the time necessary to suspend operations on a filesystem
when taking a snapshot. The two time consuming operations are
scanning all the filesystem bitmaps to determine which blocks
are in use and scanning all the other snapshots so as to be able
to expunge their blocks from the view of the current snapshot.
The bitmap scanning is broken into two passes. Before suspending
the filesystem all bitmaps are scanned. After the suspension,
those bitmaps that changed after being scanned the first time
are rescanned. Typically there are few bitmaps that need to be
rescanned. The expunging of other snapshots is now done after
the suspension is released by observing that we can easily
identify any blocks that were allocated to them after the
suspension (they will be maked as `not needing to be copied'
in the just created snapshot). For all the gory details, see
the ``Running fsck in the Background'' paper in the Usenix
BSDCon 2002 Conference Proceedings, pages 55-64.
2001-12-14 00:15:06 +00:00
Peter Wemm
815d14ddab Use a fixed type for times in on-disk structures for ufs rather than
something that could potentially change like time_t.
2001-07-16 00:55:27 +00:00
Kirk McKusick
9ccb939ef0 When running with soft updates, track the number of blocks and files
that are committed to being freed and reflect these blocks in the
counts returned by statfs (and thus also by the `df' command). This
change allows programs such as those that do news expiration to
know when to stop if they are trying to create a certain percentage
of free space. Note that this change does not solve the much harder
problem of making this to-be-freed space available to applications
that want it (thus on a nearly full filesystem, you may still
encounter out-of-space conditions even though the free space will
show up eventually). Hopefully this harder problem will be the
subject of a future enhancement.
2001-05-08 07:42:20 +00:00
Kirk McKusick
1a6a661032 This checkin adds support in ufs/ffs for the FS_NEEDSFSCK flag.
It is described in ufs/ffs/fs.h as follows:

/*
 * Filesystem flags.
 *
 * Note that the FS_NEEDSFSCK flag is set and cleared only by the
 * fsck utility. It is set when background fsck finds an unexpected
 * inconsistency which requires a traditional foreground fsck to be
 * run. Such inconsistencies should only be found after an uncorrectable
 * disk error. A foreground fsck will clear the FS_NEEDSFSCK flag when
 * it has successfully cleaned up the filesystem. The kernel uses this
 * flag to enforce that inconsistent filesystems be mounted read-only.
 */
#define FS_UNCLEAN    0x01	/* filesystem not clean at mount */
#define FS_DOSOFTDEP  0x02	/* filesystem using soft dependencies */
#define FS_NEEDSFSCK  0x04	/* filesystem needs sync fsck before mount */
2001-04-14 05:26:28 +00:00
Kirk McKusick
a61ab64ac4 Directory layout preference improvements from Grigoriy Orlov <gluk@ptci.ru>.
His description of the problem and solution follow. My own tests show
speedups on typical filesystem intensive workloads of 5% to 12% which
is very impressive considering the small amount of code change involved.

------

  One day I noticed that some file operations run much faster on
small file systems then on big ones. I've looked at the ffs
algorithms, thought about them, and redesigned the dirpref algorithm.

  First I want to describe the results of my tests. These results are old
and I have improved the algorithm after these tests were done. Nevertheless
they show how big the perfomance speedup may be. I have done two file/directory
intensive tests on a two OpenBSD systems with old and new dirpref algorithm.
The first test is "tar -xzf ports.tar.gz", the second is "rm -rf ports".
The ports.tar.gz file is the ports collection from the OpenBSD 2.8 release.
It contains 6596 directories and 13868 files. The test systems are:

1. Celeron-450, 128Mb, two IDE drives, the system at wd0, file system for
   test is at wd1. Size of test file system is 8 Gb, number of cg=991,
   size of cg is 8m, block size = 8k, fragment size = 1k OpenBSD-current
   from Dec 2000 with BUFCACHEPERCENT=35

2. PIII-600, 128Mb, two IBM DTLA-307045 IDE drives at i815e, the system
   at wd0, file system for test is at wd1. Size of test file system is 40 Gb,
   number of cg=5324, size of cg is 8m, block size = 8k, fragment size = 1k
   OpenBSD-current from Dec 2000 with BUFCACHEPERCENT=50

You can get more info about the test systems and methods at:
http://www.ptci.ru/gluk/dirpref/old/dirpref.html

                              Test Results

             tar -xzf ports.tar.gz               rm -rf ports
  mode  old dirpref new dirpref speedup old dirprefnew dirpref speedup
                             First system
 normal     667         472      1.41       477        331       1.44
 async      285         144      1.98       130         14       9.29
 sync       768         616      1.25       477        334       1.43
 softdep    413         252      1.64       241         38       6.34
                             Second system
 normal     329         81       4.06       263.5       93.5     2.81
 async      302         25.7    11.75       112          2.26   49.56
 sync       281         57.0     4.93       263         90.5     2.9
 softdep    341         40.6     8.4        284          4.76   59.66

"old dirpref" and "new dirpref" columns give a test time in seconds.
speedup - speed increasement in times, ie. old dirpref / new dirpref.

------

Algorithm description

The old dirpref algorithm is described in comments:

/*
 * Find a cylinder to place a directory.
 *
 * The policy implemented by this algorithm is to select from
 * among those cylinder groups with above the average number of
 * free inodes, the one with the smallest number of directories.
 */

A new directory is allocated in a different cylinder groups than its
parent directory resulting in a directory tree that is spreaded across
all the cylinder groups. This spreading out results in a non-optimal
access to the directories and files. When we have a small filesystem
it is not a problem but when the filesystem is big then perfomance
degradation becomes very apparent.

What I mean by a big file system ?

  1. A big filesystem is a filesystem which occupy 20-30 or more percent
     of total drive space, i.e. first and last cylinder are physically
     located relatively far from each other.
  2. It has a relatively large number of cylinder groups, for example
     more cylinder groups than 50% of the buffers in the buffer cache.

The first results in long access times, while the second results in
many buffers being used by metadata operations. Such operations use
cylinder group blocks and on-disk inode blocks. The cylinder group
block (fs->fs_cblkno) contains struct cg, inode and block bit maps.
It is 2k in size for the default filesystem parameters. If new and
parent directories are located in different cylinder groups then the
system performs more input/output operations and uses more buffers.
On filesystems with many cylinder groups, lots of cache buffers are
used for metadata operations.

My solution for this problem is very simple. I allocate many directories
in one cylinder group. I also do some things, so that the new allocation
method does not cause excessive fragmentation and all directory inodes
will not be located at a location far from its file's inodes and data.
The algorithm is:
/*
 * Find a cylinder group to place a directory.
 *
 * The policy implemented by this algorithm is to allocate a
 * directory inode in the same cylinder group as its parent
 * directory, but also to reserve space for its files inodes
 * and data. Restrict the number of directories which may be
 * allocated one after another in the same cylinder group
 * without intervening allocation of files.
 *
 * If we allocate a first level directory then force allocation
 * in another cylinder group.
 */

  My early versions of dirpref give me a good results for a wide range of
file operations and different filesystem capacities except one case:
those applications that create their entire directory structure first
and only later fill this structure with files.

  My solution for such and similar cases is to limit a number of
directories which may be created one after another in the same cylinder
group without intervening file creations. For this purpose, I allocate
an array of counters at mount time. This array is linked to the superblock
fs->fs_contigdirs[cg]. Each time a directory is created the counter
increases and each time a file is created the counter decreases. A 60Gb
filesystem with 8mb/cg requires 10kb of memory for the counters array.

  The maxcontigdirs is a maximum number of directories which may be created
without an intervening file creation. I found in my tests that the best
performance occurs when I restrict the number of directories in one cylinder
group such that all its files may be located in the same cylinder group.
There may be some deterioration in performance if all the file inodes
are in the same cylinder group as its containing directory, but their
data partially resides in a different cylinder group. The maxcontigdirs
value is calculated to try to prevent this condition. Since there is
no way to know how many files and directories will be allocated later
I added two optimization parameters in superblock/tunefs. They are:

        int32_t  fs_avgfilesize;   /* expected average file size */
        int32_t  fs_avgfpdir;      /* expected # of files per directory */

These parameters have reasonable defaults but may be tweeked for special
uses of a filesystem. They are only necessary in rare cases like better
tuning a filesystem being used to store a squid cache.

I have been using this algorithm for about 3 months. I have done
a lot of testing on filesystems with different capacities, average
filesize, average number of files per directory, and so on. I think
this algorithm has no negative impact on filesystem perfomance. It
works better than the default one in all cases. The new dirpref
will greatly improve untarring/removing/coping of big directories,
decrease load on cvs servers and much more. The new dirpref doesn't
speedup a compilation process, but also doesn't slow it down.

Obtained from:	Grigoriy Orlov <gluk@ptci.ru>
2001-04-10 08:38:59 +00:00
Kirk McKusick
812b1d416c Add kernel support for running fsck on active filesystems. 2001-03-21 04:09:01 +00:00
Kirk McKusick
589c7af992 Fixes to track snapshot copy-on-write checking in the specinfo
structure rather than assuming that the device vnode would reside
in the FFS filesystem (which is obviously a broken assumption with
the device filesystem).
2001-03-07 07:09:55 +00:00
Ian Dowse
f55ff3f3ef The ffs superblock includes a 128-byte region for use by temporary
in-core pointers to summary information. An array in this region
(fs_csp) could overflow on filesystems with a very large number of
cylinder groups (~16000 on i386 with 8k blocks). When this happens,
other fields in the superblock get corrupted, and fsck refuses to
check the filesystem.

Solve this problem by replacing the fs_csp array in 'struct fs'
with a single pointer, and add padding to keep the length of the
128-byte region fixed. Update the kernel and userland utilities
to use just this single pointer.

With this change, the kernel no longer makes use of the superblock
fields 'fs_csshift' and 'fs_csmask'. Add a comment to newfs/mkfs.c
to indicate that these fields must be calculated for compatibility
with older kernels.

Reviewed by:	mckusick
2001-01-15 18:30:40 +00:00
Kirk McKusick
22e5a6234e Get userland visible flags added for snapshots to give a few days
advance preparation for them to get migrated into place so that
subsequent changes in utilities will not fail to compile for lack
of up-to-date header files in /usr/include.
2000-07-04 04:58:34 +00:00
Kirk McKusick
584508a741 Use 64-bit math to calculate if we have hit our freespace limit.
Necessary for coherent results on filesystems bigger than 0.5Tb.
2000-03-17 03:44:47 +00:00
Peter Wemm
c3aac50f28 $Id$ -> $FreeBSD$ 1999-08-28 01:08:13 +00:00
Julian Elischer
b1897c197c Reviewed by: dyson@freebsd.org (john Dyson), dg@root.com (david greenman)
Submitted by:	Kirk McKusick (mcKusick@mckusick.com)
Obtained from:  WHistle development tree
1998-03-08 09:59:44 +00:00
Bruce Evans
90b42d7e40 Fixed corrupted newline and corrupted tab in previous commit. 1997-03-24 03:19:37 +00:00
Guido van Rooij
8f89943eda Add generation number randomization. Newly created filesystems wil now
automatically have random generation numbers. The kenel way of handling those
also changed. Further it is advised to run fsirand on all your nfs exported
filesystems. the code is mostly copied from OpenBSD, with the randomization
chanegd to use /dev/urandom
Reviewed by:	Garrett
Obtained from: OpenBSD
1997-03-23 20:08:22 +00:00
Peter Wemm
6875d25465 Back out part 1 of the MCFH that changed $Id$ to $FreeBSD$. We are not
ready for it yet.
1997-02-22 09:48:43 +00:00
John Dyson
996c772f58 This is the kernel Lite/2 commit. There are some requisite userland
changes, so don't expect to be able to run the kernel as-is (very well)
without the appropriate Lite/2 userland changes.

The system boots and can mount UFS filesystems.

Untested: ext2fs, msdosfs, NFS
Known problems: Incorrect Berkeley ID strings in some files.
		Mount_std mounts will not work until the getfsent
		library routine is changed.

Reviewed by:	various people
Submitted by:	Jeffery Hsu <hsu@freebsd.org>
1997-02-10 02:22:35 +00:00
Jordan K. Hubbard
1130b656e5 Make the long-awaited change from $Id$ to $FreeBSD$
This will make a number of things easier in the future, as well as (finally!)
avoiding the Id-smashing problem which has plagued developers for so long.

Boy, I'm glad we're not using sup anymore.  This update would have been
insane otherwise.
1997-01-14 07:20:47 +00:00
Bruce Evans
ccb174975a Fixed lblktosize(). It overflowed at 2G. This bug only affected
ufs_read() and ufs_write().

Found by: looking at warnings for comparing the result of lblktosize()
(which is usually daddr_t = long) with file sizes (which are u_quad_t
for ufs).  File sizes should probably be off_t's to avoid warnings
when the are compared with file offsets, so the fixed lblktosize()
casts to off_t instead of u_quad_t.

Added definition of smalllblksize().  It is the same as the old
lblksize() and is more efficient for small block numbers on 32-bit
machines.

Use smalllblktosize() instead of its expansion in blksize() and
dblksize().  This keeps the line length short and makes it more
obvious that the shift can't overflow.
1996-10-12 22:12:51 +00:00
Mike Pritchard
6c5e9bbdf5 Fix a bunch of spelling errors in the comment fields of
a bunch of system include files.
1996-01-30 23:02:38 +00:00
Rodney W. Grimes
9b2e535452 Remove trailing whitespace. 1995-05-30 08:16:23 +00:00
David Greenman
07be9bd45f Increased default minfree to 8%. 1995-03-10 22:18:16 +00:00
Paul Richards
eb9fb78c34 Made idempotent
Reviewed by:
Submitted by:
1994-08-21 07:03:56 +00:00
David Greenman
3c4dd3568f Added $Id$ 1994-08-02 07:55:43 +00:00
Rodney W. Grimes
df8bae1de4 BSD 4.4 Lite Kernel Sources 1994-05-24 10:09:53 +00:00