that was greater than 4G. I originally used the same values as i386 in
order to save opening a new PML4 page slot, but in the day of gigabytes
of memory, worrying about a 4K page seems futile. Moving from 8 to 32G
moves the page to a different index, it doesn't increase the number of
pages used.
32 bit binary stuff. 32 bit binaries do not like it much when the kernel
tries hard to put things above the 8GB mark.
I have a work-in-progress to fix this properly, but I didn't want to burn
anybody with this yet.
on the implied sign extension. The single unified VADDR() macro was
not able to avoid sign extending the VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS/USRSTACK values.
Be explicit about UVADDR() (positive address space) and KVADDR()
(kernel negative address space) to make mistakes show up more
spectacularly.
Increase user VM space from 1/2TB (512GB) to 128TB.
systems. Of note:
- Implement a direct mapped region using 2MB pages. This eliminates the
need for temporary mappings when getting ptes. This supports up to
512GB of physical memory for now. This should be enough for a while.
- Implement a 4-tier page table system. Most of the infrastructure is
there for 128TB of userland virtual address space, but only 512GB is
presently enabled due to a mystery bug somewhere. The design of this
was heavily inspired by the alpha pmap.c.
- The kernel is moved into the negative address space(!).
- The kernel has 2GB of KVM available.
- Provide a uma memory allocator to use the direct map region to take
advantage of the 2MB TLBs.
- Fixed some assumptions in the bus_space macros about the ability
to fit virtual addresses in an 'int'.
Notable missing things:
- pmap_growkernel() should be able to grow to 512GB of KVM by expanding
downwards below kernbase. The kernel must be at the top 2GB of the
negative address space because of gcc code generation strategies.
- need to fix the >512GB user vm code.
Approved by: re (blanket)
a heavily stripped down FreeBSD/i386 (brutally stripped down actually) to
attempt to get a stable base to start from. There is a lot missing still.
Worth noting:
- The kernel runs at 1GB in order to cheat with the pmap code. pmap uses
a variation of the PAE code in order to avoid having to worry about 4
levels of page tables yet.
- It boots in 64 bit "long mode" with a tiny trampoline embedded in the
i386 loader. This simplifies locore.s greatly.
- There are still quite a few fragments of i386-specific code that have
not been translated yet, and some that I cheated and wrote dumb C
versions of (bcopy etc).
- It has both int 0x80 for syscalls (but using registers for argument
passing, as is native on the amd64 ABI), and the 'syscall' instruction
for syscalls. int 0x80 preserves all registers, 'syscall' does not.
- I have tried to minimize looking at the NetBSD code, except in a couple
of places (eg: to find which register they use to replace the trashed
%rcx register in the syscall instruction). As a result, there is not a
lot of similarity. I did look at NetBSD a few times while debugging to
get some ideas about what I might have done wrong in my first attempt.
the top of the address space to be reclaimed. The problem is that with
the APTD gone the mapable kernel address space runs right to the end of
the 32 bit address space. As a max this is 0x100000000, which can't be
represented in 32 bits, so we have to use ptd entry n-1 and pte offset
n-1, instead of ptd entry n and pte offset 0. There's still 1 page we
can't use, but we gain just under 4 megs of kva (8 megs with PAE).
Sponsored by: DARPA, Network Associates Laboratories
- Changed VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS to be defined in terms of PTDPTDI. In order for
assumptions about the recursive page table map to work it must be the base
of the recursive map. Any pte offset that's not NPTEPG will break these
assumptions.
Sponsored by: DARPA, Network Associates Laboratories
via sysctl. It's done pretty simply but it should be quite adequate.
Also move SHMMAXPGS from $machine/include/vmparam.h as the comments that
went with it were wrong... we don't allocate KVM space for the pages so
that comment is bogus.. The only practical limit is how much physical
ram you want to lock up as this stuff isn't paged out or swap backed.
in a way identically as before.) I had problems with the system properly
handling the number of vnodes when there is alot of system memory, and the
default VM_KMEM_SIZE. Two new options "VM_KMEM_SIZE_SCALE" and
"VM_KMEM_SIZE_MAX" have been added to support better auto-sizing for systems
with greater than 128MB.
Add some accouting for vm_zone memory allocations, and provide properly
for vm_zone allocations out of the kmem_map. Also move the vm_zone
allocation stats to the VM OID tree from the KERN OID tree.
of the various ad-hoc schemes.
2) When bringing in UPAGES, the pmap code needs to do another vm_page_lookup.
3) When appropriate, set the PG_A or PG_M bits a-priori to both avoid some
processor errata, and to minimize redundant processor updating of page
tables.
4) Modify pmap_protect so that it can only remove permissions (as it
originally supported.) The additional capability is not needed.
5) Streamline read-only to read-write page mappings.
6) For pmap_copy_page, don't enable write mapping for source page.
7) Correct and clean-up pmap_incore.
8) Cluster initial kern_exec pagin.
9) Removal of some minor lint from kern_malloc.
10) Correct some ioopt code.
11) Remove some dead code from the MI swapout routine.
12) Correct vm_object_deallocate (to remove backing_object ref.)
13) Fix dead object handling, that had problems under heavy memory load.
14) Add minor vm_page_lookup improvements.
15) Some pages are not in objects, and make sure that the vm_page.c can
properly support such pages.
16) Add some more page deficit handling.
17) Some minor code readability improvements.
available to the kernel (VM_KMEM_SIZE). The default (32 MB) is too low
when having 512 MB or more physical memory in a server environment. This is
relevant on systems where "panic: kmem_malloc: kmem_map too small" is a
problem.
Rename the PT* index KSTK* #defines to UMAX*, since we don't have a kernel
stack there any more..
These are used to calculate VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS and USRSTACK, and really
do not want to be changed with UPAGES since BSD/OS 2.x binary compatability
depends on it.
This will make a number of things easier in the future, as well as (finally!)
avoiding the Id-smashing problem which has plagued developers for so long.
Boy, I'm glad we're not using sup anymore. This update would have been
insane otherwise.
also implies VM_PROT_EXEC. We support it that way for now,
since the break system call by default gives VM_PROT_ALL. Now
we have a better chance of coalesing map entries when mixing
mmap/break type operations. This was contributing to excessive
numbers of map entries on the modula-3 runtime system. The
problem is still not "solved", but the situation makes more
sense.
Eventually, when we work on architectures where VM_PROT_READ
is orthogonal to VM_PROT_EXEC, we will have to visit this
issue carefully (esp. regarding security issues.)
page dir+table index.
pmap.h: remove NUPDE, it was wrong and not used. Sanitize KSTKPTEOFF.
vmparam.h: Calculate virtual addr from PDI+PTI from pmap.h rather than
using magic math. Remove UPDT, not used.
in machdep.c (it should use the global nmbclusters). Moved the calculation
of nmbclusters into conf/param.c (same place where nmbclusters has always
been assigned), and made the calculation include an extra amount based
on "maxusers". NMBCLUSTERS can still be overrided in the kernel config
file as always, but this change will make that generally unnecessary. This
fixes the "bug" reports from people who have misconfigured kernels seeing
the network hang when the mbuf cluster pool runs out.
Reviewed by: John Dyson
much higher filesystem I/O performance, and much better paging performance. It
represents the culmination of over 6 months of R&D.
The majority of the merged VM/cache work is by John Dyson.
The following highlights the most significant changes. Additionally, there are
(mostly minor) changes to the various filesystem modules (nfs, msdosfs, etc) to
support the new VM/buffer scheme.
vfs_bio.c:
Significant rewrite of most of vfs_bio to support the merged VM buffer cache
scheme. The scheme is almost fully compatible with the old filesystem
interface. Significant improvement in the number of opportunities for write
clustering.
vfs_cluster.c, vfs_subr.c
Upgrade and performance enhancements in vfs layer code to support merged
VM/buffer cache. Fixup of vfs_cluster to eliminate the bogus pagemove stuff.
vm_object.c:
Yet more improvements in the collapse code. Elimination of some windows that
can cause list corruption.
vm_pageout.c:
Fixed it, it really works better now. Somehow in 2.0, some "enhancements"
broke the code. This code has been reworked from the ground-up.
vm_fault.c, vm_page.c, pmap.c, vm_object.c
Support for small-block filesystems with merged VM/buffer cache scheme.
pmap.c vm_map.c
Dynamic kernel VM size, now we dont have to pre-allocate excessive numbers of
kernel PTs.
vm_glue.c
Much simpler and more effective swapping code. No more gratuitous swapping.
proc.h
Fixed the problem that the p_lock flag was not being cleared on a fork.
swap_pager.c, vnode_pager.c
Removal of old vfs_bio cruft to support the past pseudo-coherency. Now the
code doesn't need it anymore.
machdep.c
Changes to better support the parameter values for the merged VM/buffer cache
scheme.
machdep.c, kern_exec.c, vm_glue.c
Implemented a seperate submap for temporary exec string space and another one
to contain process upages. This eliminates all map fragmentation problems
that previously existed.
ffs_inode.c, ufs_inode.c, ufs_readwrite.c
Changes for merged VM/buffer cache. Add "bypass" support for sneaking in on
busy buffers.
Submitted by: John Dyson and David Greenman
a binary link-kit. Make all non-optional options (pagers, procfs) standard,
and update LINT to reflect new symtab requirements.
NB: -Wtraditional will henceforth be forgotten. This editing pass was
primarily intended to detect any constructions where the old code might
have been relying on traditional C semantics or syntax. These were all
fixed, and the result of fixing some of them means that -Wall is now a
realistic possibility within a few weeks.
Mark the fact that PGSHIFT and PDRSHIFT are really the same as
PG_SHIFT and PD_SHIFT, these should be collapsed some day soon.
Document that KERNBASE should really be KPTDPTDI << PDRSHIFT, for
now leave it as the constant 0xFE000000 until I make a seperate
common header file for this stuff (vmaddresses.h?)
Remove NKMEMCLUSTERS define, it was only being used to define
VM_KMEM_SIZE, so why have all the indirection. Besides who wants
to work in CLBYTE sizes chuncks.
pmap.h:
Fix $Id$ and some other minor format clean ups.
Remove the XXX comment about NKPDE, since it now has the correct value
of 7.
Remove unused LASTPTDI and move the APTD into the very end of memory to
free up 4MB of kernel virtual address space.
Remove unused RSVDPTDI and free up 12MB of kernel virtual address space.
vmparam.h
Fix $Id$.
Increase SHMMAXPGS to 512 (2MB) now that there is room for it to be
bigger. The XXX comment stays until the kernel moves down in memory
to free up enough space to use the proper default of 4MB.
VM_KMEM_SIZE is now a direct constant stating the size of the kernel
malloc region. Increased the value from 3MB to 16MB.
