want to prepare disk images for emulators (though 'makefs' in port
can do something similar).
This relies on:
+ minor changes to pass the consistency checks even when working on a file;
+ an additional option, '-p partition' , to specify the disk partition to
initialize;
+ some changes on the I/O routines to deal with partition offsets.
The latter was a bit tricky to implement, see the details in newfs.h:
in newfs, I/O is done through libufs which assumes that the file
descriptor refers to the whole partition. Introducing support for
the offset in libufs would require a non-backward compatible change
in the library, to be dealt with a version bump or with symbol
versioning.
I felt both approaches to be overkill for this specific application,
especially because there might be other changes to libufs that might
become necessary in the near future.
So I used the following trick:
- read access is always done by calling bread() directly, so we just add
the offset in the (few) places that call bread();
- write access is done through bwrite() and sbwrite(), which in turn
calls bwrite(). To avoid rewriting sbwrite(), we supply our own version
of bwrite() here, which takes precedence over the version in libufs.
MFC after: 4 weeks
Implement -E option which will erase the filesystem sectors before
making the new filesystem. Reserved space in front of the superblock
(bootcode) is not erased.
NB: Erasing can take as long time as writing every sector sequentially.
This is relevant for all flash based disks which use wearlevelling.
affect the largest file size that is allowed by the file system.
On the other hand, when creating a snapshot, the snapshot file will
appear as it is as big as the file system itself. Hence we will not
be able to create a file system on large file systems with small
block sizes.
Add a warning about this, and gives some hints to correct the issue.
Reviewed by: mckusick
MFC After: 1 week
the new filesystem. This is intended for memory and vnode filesystems
that will never be fsck'ed or dumped.
Obtained from: St. Bernard Software RAPID
MFC after: 2 weeks
has only been partly initialized via newfs(8) so that it applies to both
UFS1 and UFS2.
Submitted by: "Xin LI" delphij at frontfree dot net
MFC: maybe?
permits users of newfs to set the multilabel flag on UFS1 and UFS2
file systems from inception without using tunefs.
Obtained from: TrustedBSD Project
Sponsored by: DARPA, McAfee Research
of newfs, to signify the newfs operation has not yet completed. Re-
write the superblock with the correct magic number once all of the
cylinder groups have been created to show the operation has finished.
Sponsored by: St. Bernard Software
a new filesystem. Dump and fsck will create snapshots in this
directory rather than in the root for two reasons:
1) For terabyte-sized filesystems, the snapshot may require many
minutes to build. Although the filesystem will not be suspended
during most of the snapshot build, the snapshot file itself is
locked during the entire snapshot build period. Thus, if it is
accessed during the period that it is being built, the process
trying to access it will block holding its containing directory
locked. If the snapshot is in the root, the root will lock and
the system will come to a halt until the snapshot finishes. By
putting the snapshot in a subdirectory, it is out of the likely
path of any process traversing through the root and hence much
less likely to cause a lock race to the root.
2) The dump program is usually run by a non-root user running with
operator group privilege. Such a user is typically not permitted
to create files in the root of a filesystem. By having a directory
in group operator with group write access available, such a user
will be able to create a snapshot there. Having the dump program
create its snapshot in a subdirectory below the root will benefit
from point (1) as well.
Sponsored by: DARPA & NAI Labs.
The old way of just returning could result in a file system
extremely likely to panic the kernel. The warning printed
wouldn't help much since tools invoking newfs(8), e.g., mdmfs(8),
couldn't detect the error.
PR: bin/55078
MFC after: 1 week
with UFS1, the UFS1 superblocks were not deleted. This allowed any
RELENG_4 (or other non-UFS2-aware) fsck to think it knew how to "fix"
the file system, resulting in severe data scrambling.
This patch is a more advanced version than the one originally submitted.
Lukas improved it based on feedback from Kirk, and testing by me. It
blanks all UFS1 superblocks (if any) during a UFS2 newfs, thereby causing
fsck's that are not UFS2 aware to generate the "SEARCH FOR ALTERNATE
SUPER-BLOCK FAILED" message, and exit without damaging the fs.
PR: bin/51619
Submitted by: Lukas Ertl <l.ertl@univie.ac.at>
Reviewed by: kirk
Approved by: re (scottl)
changed to use libufs in revision 1.71. Without this, any write
failures in newfs were silently ignored.
Note that this will display a meaningless errno string in the case
of a short write as opposed to a write error, since bwrite()'s
return value does not allow the caller to determine if errno is
valid.
Reported by: Lukas Ertl <l.ertl@univie.ac.at>
Reviewed by: jmallett
Approved by: re (bmah)
values for the initial inode generation numbers in newfs and for
newly allocated inode generation numbers in the kernel.
Submitted by: Theo de Raadt <deraadt@cvs.openbsd.org>
Sponsored by: DARPA & NAI Labs.
version of such. Differences in filesystems generated were found to be
from 1) sbwrite with the "all" parameter 2) removal of writecache. The
sbwrite call was made to perform as the original version, and otherwise
this was checked against a version of newfs with the write cache removed.
so that fsck does not complain with `SUMMARY BLK COUNT(S) WRONG IN
SUPERBLK' the first time it is run on a new filesystem.
Reported by: Poul-Henning Kamp <phk@freebsd.org>
Sponsored by: DARPA & NAI Labs.
that the kernel will refuse to mount. Specifically it now enforces
the MAXBSIZE blocksize limit. This update also fixes a problem where
newfs could segment fault if the selected fragment size was too large.
PR: bin/30959
Submitted by: Ceri Davies <setantae@submonkey.net>
Sponsored by: DARPA & NAI Labs.
the old 8-bit fs_old_flags to the new location the first time that the
filesystem is mounted by a new kernel. One of the unused flags in
fs_old_flags is used to indicate that the flags have been moved.
Leave the fs_old_flags word intact so that it will work properly if
used on an old kernel.
Change the fs_sblockloc superblock location field to be in units
of bytes instead of in units of filesystem fragments. The old units
did not work properly when the fragment size exceeeded the superblock
size (8192). Update old fs_sblockloc values at the same time that
the flags are moved.
Suggested by: BOUWSMA Barry <freebsd-misuser@netscum.dyndns.dk>
Sponsored by: DARPA & NAI Labs.
filesystem expands the inode to 256 bytes to make space for 64-bit
block pointers. It also adds a file-creation time field, an ability
to use jumbo blocks per inode to allow extent like pointer density,
and space for extended attributes (up to twice the filesystem block
size worth of attributes, e.g., on a 16K filesystem, there is space
for 32K of attributes). UFS2 fully supports and runs existing UFS1
filesystems. New filesystems built using newfs can be built in either
UFS1 or UFS2 format using the -O option. In this commit UFS1 is
the default format, so if you want to build UFS2 format filesystems,
you must specify -O 2. This default will be changed to UFS2 when
UFS2 proves itself to be stable. In this commit the boot code for
reading UFS2 filesystems is not compiled (see /sys/boot/common/ufsread.c)
as there is insufficient space in the boot block. Once the size of the
boot block is increased, this code can be defined.
Things to note: the definition of SBSIZE has changed to SBLOCKSIZE.
The header file <ufs/ufs/dinode.h> must be included before
<ufs/ffs/fs.h> so as to get the definitions of ufs2_daddr_t and
ufs_lbn_t.
Still TODO:
Verify that the first level bootstraps work for all the architectures.
Convert the utility ffsinfo to understand UFS2 and test growfs.
Add support for the extended attribute storage. Update soft updates
to ensure integrity of extended attribute storage. Switch the
current extended attribute interfaces to use the extended attribute
storage. Add the extent like functionality (framework is there,
but is currently never used).
Sponsored by: DARPA & NAI Labs.
Reviewed by: Poul-Henning Kamp <phk@freebsd.org>
Use only one filedescriptor. Open in R/O or R/W based in the '-N' option.
Make the filedescriptor a global variable instead of passing it around
as semi-global variable(s).
Remove the undocumented ability to specify type without '-T' option.
Replace fatal() with straight err(3)/errx(3). Save calls to strerror()
where applicable. Loose the progname variable.
Get the sense of the cpgflag test correct so we only issue warnings if
people specify cpg and can't get that. It can be argued that this
should be an error.
Remove the check to see if the disk is mounted: Open for writing
would fail if it were mounted.
Attempt to get the sectorsize and mediasize with the generic disk
ioctls, fall back to disklabel and /etc/disktab as we can.
Notice that on-disk labels still take precedence over /etc/disktab,
this is probably wrong, but not as wrong as the entire concept of
/etc/disktab is.
Sponsored by: DARPA & NAI Labs.
particular as there may not be one. Remove #if 0'ed code which might
mislead people to think otherwise.
unifdef -ULOSTDIR, fsck can make lost+found on the fly.
Sponsored by: DARPA & NAI Labs
diskdrives do neither need nor want:
-O create a 4.3BSD format filesystem
-d rotational delay between contiguous blocks
-k sector 0 skew, per track
-l hardware sector interleave
-n number of distinguished rotational positions
-p spare sectors per track
-r revolutions/minute
-t tracks/cylinder
-x spare sectors per cylinder
No change in the produced filesystem image unless one or more of
these options were used.
Approved by: mckusick
Add a couple of simple regression tests accessible with "make test", they
depend on the md(4) driver.
FYI I have also tried running the test against a week old newfs and it
passed.
anyone needs a newfs without it. Remove the #ifdef's from around
the code and the -DFSIRAND from the Makefile. Also remove redundant
declarations of random() and srandomdev().
