o Runnable threads are now maintained in priority queues. The
implementation requires two things:
1.) The priority queues must be protected during insertion
and removal of threads. Since the kernel scheduler
must modify the priority queues, a spinlock for
protection cannot be used. The functions
_thread_kern_sched_defer() and _thread_kern_sched_undefer()
were added to {un}defer kernel scheduler activation.
2.) A thread (active) priority change can be performed only
when the thread is removed from the priority queue. The
implementation uses a threads active priority when
inserting it into the queue.
A by-product is that thread switches are much faster. A
separate queue is used for waiting and/or blocked threads,
and it is searched at most 2 times in the kernel scheduler
when there are active threads. It should be possible to
reduce this to once by combining polling of threads waiting
on I/O with the loop that looks for timed out threads and
the minimum timeout value.
o Functions to defer kernel scheduler activation were added. These
are _thread_kern_sched_defer() and _thread_kern_sched_undefer()
and may be called recursively. These routines do not block the
scheduling signal, but latch its occurrence. The signal handler
will not call the kernel scheduler when the running thread has
deferred scheduling, but it will be called when running thread
undefers scheduling.
o Added support for _POSIX_THREAD_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING. All the
POSIX routines required by this should now be implemented.
One note, SCHED_OTHER, SCHED_FIFO, and SCHED_RR are required
to be defined by including pthread.h. These defines are currently
in sched.h. I modified pthread.h to include sched.h but don't
know if this is the proper thing to do.
o Added support for priority protection and inheritence mutexes.
This allows definition of _POSIX_THREAD_PRIO_PROTECT and
_POSIX_THREAD_PRIO_INHERIT.
o Added additional error checks required by POSIX for mutexes and
condition variables.
o Provided a wrapper for sigpending which is marked as a hidden
syscall.
o Added a non-portable function as a debugging aid to allow an
application to monitor thread context switches. An application
can install a routine that gets called everytime a thread
(explicitly created by the application) gets context switched.
The routine gets passed the pthread IDs of the threads that are
being switched in and out.
Submitted by: Dan Eischen <eischen@vigrid.com>
Changes by me:
o Added a PS_SPINBLOCK state to deal with the priority inversion
problem most often (I think) seen by threads calling malloc/free/realloc.
o Dispatch signals to the running thread directly rather than at a
context switch to avoid the situation where the switch never occurs.
make pthread_yield() more reliable,
threads always (I hope) preempted at least every 0.1 sec, as intended.
PR: bin/7744
Submitted by: "Richard Seaman, Jr." <dick@tar.com>
the thread kernel into a garbage collector thread which is started when
the fisrt thread is created (other than the initial thread). This
removes the window of opportunity where a context switch will cause a
thread that has locked the malloc spinlock, to enter the thread kernel,
find there is a dead thread and try to free memory, therefore trying
to lock the malloc spinlock against itself.
The garbage collector thread acts just like any other thread, so
instead of having a spinlock to control accesses to the dead thread
list, it uses a mutex and a condition variable so that it can happily
wait to be signalled when a thread exists.
launching an application into space when someone tries to debug it.
The dead thread list now has it's own link pointer, so use that when
reporting the grateful dead.
- Add support of a thread being listed in the dead thread list as well
as the thread list.
- Add a new thread state to make sigwait work properly. (Submitted by
Daniel M. Eischen <eischen@vigrid.com>)
- Add global variable for the garbage collector mutex and condition
variable.
- Delete a couple of prototypes that are no longer required.
- Add a prototype for the garbage collector thread.
to fork. It is difficult to do real vfork in libc_r, since almost every
operation with file descriptsor changes _thread_fd_table and friends.
popen(3) works much better with this change.
are started instead of init (pid = 1). This allows an embedded
implementation quite like VxWorks, with (possibly) a single threaded
program running instead of init. The neat thing is that the same threaded
process can run in a multi-user workstation environment too.
...is expected to conform to IEEE (``POSIX'') Std 1003.1c when it is
published.
to:
...conforms to ISO/IEC 9945-1 ANSI/IEEE (``POSIX'') Std 1003.1 Second
Edition 1996-07-12.
Discussed with: jb
initialized mutex. Statically initialized mutexes are actually
initialized at first use (pthread_mutex_lock/pthread_mutex_trylock).
To prevent concurrent initialization by multiple threads, all
static initializations are now serialized by a spinlock.
Reviewed by: jb
