clock_gettime(2) functions if supported. The speedup seen in
microbenchmarks is in range 4x-7x depending on the hardware.
Only amd64 and i386 architectures are supported. Libc uses rdtsc and
kernel data to calculate current time, if enabled by kernel.
Hopefully, this code is going to migrate into vdso in some future.
Discussed with: bde
Reviewed by: jhb
Tested by: flo
MFC after: 1 month
First, extend the changes in r230782 to better handle the common case
of using NOREUSE with sequential reads. A NOREUSE file descriptor
will now track the last implicit DONTNEED request it made as a result
of a NOREUSE read. If a subsequent NOREUSE read is adjacent to the
previous range, it will apply the DONTNEED request to the entire range
of both the previous read and the current read. The effect is that
each read of a file accessed sequentially will apply the DONTNEED
request to the entire range that has been read. This allows NOREUSE
to properly handle misaligned reads by flushing each buffer to cache
once it has been completely read.
Second, apply the same changes made to read(2) by r230782 and this
change to writes. This provides much better performance in the
sequential write case as it allows writes to still be clustered. It
also provides much better performance for misaligned writes. It does
mean that NOREUSE will be generally ineffective for non-sequential
writes as the current implementation relies on a future NOREUSE
write's implicit DONTNEED request to flush the dirty buffer from the
current write.
MFC after: 2 weeks
The stat structures returned on pipes seems to contain all the
information required by POSIX. Especially the wording "and thus to a
pipe" makes little sense, because it seems to imply a certain
relationship between sockets and pipes that simply isn't there.
MFC after: 2 weeks
outside the range of valid file descriptors
PR: kern/164970
Submitted by: Peter Jeremy <peterjeremy@acm.org>
Reviewed by: jilles
Approved by: cperciva
MFC after: 1 week
privilege attempts to toggle SF_SETTABLE flags.
- Use the '^' operator in the SF_SNAPSHOT anti-toggling check.
Flags are now stored to ip->i_flags in one place after all checks.
Submitted by: bde
On FreeBSD, all processes have a process group, so it is impossible for
kill(2) to fail this way. POSIX also doesn't mention this error
condition.
Discussed on: arch@
MFC after: 3 weeks
The reasoning behind this, is that if we are consistent in our
documentation about the uint*_t stuff, people will be less tempted to
write new code that uses the non-standard types.
I am not going to bump the man page dates, as these changes can be
considered style nits. The meaning of the man pages is unaffected.
MFC after: 1 month
system calls to provide feed-forward clock management capabilities to
userspace processes. ffclock_getcounter() returns the current value of the
kernel's feed-forward clock counter. ffclock_getestimate() returns the current
feed-forward clock parameter estimates and ffclock_setestimate() updates the
feed-forward clock parameter estimates.
- Document the syscalls in the ffclock.2 man page.
- Regenerate the script-derived syscall related files.
Committed on behalf of Julien Ridoux and Darryl Veitch from the University of
Melbourne, Australia, as part of the FreeBSD Foundation funded "Feed-Forward
Clock Synchronization Algorithms" project.
For more information, see http://www.synclab.org/radclock/
Submitted by: Julien Ridoux (jridoux at unimelb edu au)
madvise(2) except that it operates on a file descriptor instead of a
memory region. It is currently only supported on regular files.
Just as with madvise(2), the advice given to posix_fadvise(2) can be
divided into two types. The first type provide hints about data access
patterns and are used in the file read and write routines to modify the
I/O flags passed down to VOP_READ() and VOP_WRITE(). These modes are
thus filesystem independent. Note that to ease implementation (and
since this API is only advisory anyway), only a single non-normal
range is allowed per file descriptor.
The second type of hints are used to hint to the OS that data will or
will not be used. These hints are implemented via a new VOP_ADVISE().
A default implementation is provided which does nothing for the WILLNEED
request and attempts to move any clean pages to the cache page queue for
the DONTNEED request. This latter case required two other changes.
First, a new V_CLEANONLY flag was added to vinvalbuf(). This requests
vinvalbuf() to only flush clean buffers for the vnode from the buffer
cache and to not remove any backing pages from the vnode. This is
used to ensure clean pages are not wired into the buffer cache before
attempting to move them to the cache page queue. The second change adds
a new vm_object_page_cache() method. This method is somewhat similar to
vm_object_page_remove() except that instead of freeing each page in the
specified range, it attempts to move clean pages to the cache queue if
possible.
To preserve the ABI of struct file, the f_cdevpriv pointer is now reused
in a union to point to the currently active advice region if one is
present for regular files.
Reviewed by: jilles, kib, arch@
Approved by: re (kib)
MFC after: 1 month
A "process descriptor" file descriptor is used to manage processes
without using the PID namespace. This is required for Capsicum's
Capability Mode, where the PID namespace is unavailable.
New system calls pdfork(2) and pdkill(2) offer the functional equivalents
of fork(2) and kill(2). pdgetpid(2) allows querying the PID of the remote
process for debugging purposes. The currently-unimplemented pdwait(2) will,
in the future, allow querying rusage/exit status. In the interim, poll(2)
may be used to check (and wait for) process termination.
When a process is referenced by a process descriptor, it does not issue
SIGCHLD to the parent, making it suitable for use in libraries---a common
scenario when using library compartmentalisation from within large
applications (such as web browsers). Some observers may note a similarity
to Mach task ports; process descriptors provide a subset of this behaviour,
but in a UNIX style.
This feature is enabled by "options PROCDESC", but as with several other
Capsicum kernel features, is not enabled by default in GENERIC 9.0.
Reviewed by: jhb, kib
Approved by: re (kib), mentor (rwatson)
Sponsored by: Google Inc
These system calls have already been implemented in the kernel; now we
hook up libc symbols so userspace can drive them.
Approved by: re (kib), mentor (rwatson)
Sponsored by: Google Inc
- While here, remove a few C comments that don't seem to contribute
anything additional to the man page.
PR: 146047
Submitted by: arundel
MFC after: 3 days
vop_stdallocate() is filesystem agnostic and will run as slow as a
read/write loop in userspace; however, it serves to correctly
implement the functionality for filesystems that do not implement a
VOP_ALLOCATE.
Note that __FreeBSD_version was already bumped today to 900036 for any
ports which would like to use this function.
Also reserve space in the syscall table for posix_fadvise(2).
Reviewed by: -arch (previous version)
syscall assembly files. This results in conflicting dependencies and can
cause unexpected results for parallel builds. This is because the .c file
and the .S file both generate the same .o file.
Submitted by: Simon Gerraty <sjg@juniper.net>
Sponsored by: Juniper Networks
Calling rfork_thread(3) does not interoperate with pthreads and global state
is not properly protected.
Remove the BUGS section suggesting LinuxThreads entirely. With the current
pthread library libthr, all threads are kernel-level entities so there seems
little reason to use LinuxThreads.
it possible for the kernel to track login class the process is assigned to,
which is required for RCTL. This change also make setusercontext(3) call
setloginclass(2) and makes it possible to retrieve current login class using
id(1).
Reviewed by: kib (as part of a larger patch)
can link against them. Add man pages for the new system calls, with one
errant forward reference to changes not yet present in FreeBSD, but soon
will be.
Reviewed by: anderson
Obtained from: Capsicum Project
Sponsored by: Google, Inc.
Discussed with: benl, kris, pjd
MFC after: 3 months
As it was pointed out by Alan Cox, that no longer serves its purpose with
the modern UMA allocator compared to the old one used in 4.x days.
The removal of sysctl eliminates max_proc_mmap type overflow leading to
the broken mmap(2) seen with large amount of physical memory on arches
with factually unbound KVA space (such as amd64). It was found that
slightly less than 256GB of physmem was enough to trigger the overflow.
Reviewed by: alc, kib
Approved by: avg (mentor)
MFC after: 2 months
architectures that support this .note. In particular, do not unneccessary
emit the notes on ia64 and sparc64, which ABI require non-executable stacks.
Tested by: marcel
Because {NGROUPS_MAX} may become variable, its value should be obtained
using sysconf(3). If a #define is used anyway, it should be obtained by
including <limits.h> as that is in POSIX like getgroups(2) itself is.
<sys/param.h> is not in POSIX.
MFC after: 1 week
This is what SUSv4 requires, and also the only thing that works if strict
standards compliance is requested or mknodat() is needed.
PR: standards/123688
Submitted by: gcooper
MFC after: 1 week
you tag a socket with an uint32_t value. The cookie can then be
used by the kernel for various purposes, e.g. setting the skipto
rule or pipe number in ipfw (this is the reason SO_USER_COOKIE has
been implemented; however there is nothing ipfw-specific in its
implementation).
The ipfw-related code that uses the optopn will be committed separately.
This change adds a field to 'struct socket', but the struct is not
part of any driver or userland-visible ABI so the change should be
harmless.
See the discussion at
http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-ipfw/2009-October/004001.html
Idea and code from Paul Joe, small modifications and manpage
changes by myself.
Submitted by: Paul Joe
MFC after: 1 week
flag. [1]
- Note that also fchflags(2) will return EPERM for attempts to set or
unset the SF_SNAPSHOT flag.
Submitted by: Garrett Cooper [1]
MFC after: 1 week
It's a bit more pedantic regarding .Bl list elements. This has an added
benefit of unbreaking the ipfw(8) manpage, where groff was silently
skipping one list element.
the first line of a script exceeded MAXSHELLCMDLEN characters, then
exec_imgact_shell() silently truncated the line and passed on the truncated
interpreter name or argument. Now, exec_imgact_shell() will fail and return
ENOEXEC, which is the commonly used errno among Unix variants for this type
of error. (2) Previously, exec_imgact_shell()'s check on the length of the
interpreter's name was ineffective. In other words, exec_imgact_shell()
could not possibly fail and return ENAMETOOLONG. The reason being that the
length of the interpreter name had to exceed MAXSHELLCMDLEN characters in
order that ENAMETOOLONG be returned. But, the search for the end of the
interpreter name stops after at most MAXSHELLCMDLEN - 2 characters are
scanned. (In the end, this particular error is eventually discovered
outside of exec_imgact_shell() and ENAMETOOLONG is returned. So, the real
effect of this second change is that the error is detected earlier, in
exec_imgact_shell().)
Update the definition of MAXINTERP to the actual limit on the size of
the interpreter name that has been in effect since r142453 (from
2005).
In collaboration with: kib
add a wrapper for it in libc and rework the code in libthr, the
system call still can return EINTR, we keep this feature.
Discussed on: thread
Reviewed by: jilles
their implementations aren't in the same files. Introduce LIBC_ARCH
and use that in preference to MACHINE_CPUARCH. Tested by amd64 and
powerpc64 builds (thanks nathanw@)
the separate .o for libc_pic.a. This prevents rtld from making the
symbol global.
Putting the stack_protector_compat.c into the public domain acknowledged
by kan.
Reviewed by: kan
MFC after: 2 weeks
number of host CPUs and osreldate.
This eliminates the last sysctl(2) calls from the dynamically linked image
startup.
No objections from: kan
Tested by: marius (sparc64)
MFC after: 1 month
the jail(8) command. [10:04]
Fix a one-NUL-byte buffer overflow in libopie. [10:05]
Correctly sanity-check a buffer length in nfs mount. [10:06]
Approved by: so (cperciva)
Approved by: re (kensmith)
Security: FreeBSD-SA-10:04.jail
Security: FreeBSD-SA-10:05.opie
Security: FreeBSD-SA-10:06.nfsclient
bottom of the manpages and order them consistently.
GNU groff doesn't care about the ordering, and doesn't even mention
CAVEATS and SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS as common sections and where to put
them.
Found by: mdocml lint run
Reviewed by: ru
Although libthr's pthread_sigmask() just calls sigprocmask() and this is
unlikely to change, mention this POSIX requirement on applications.
MFC after: 1 week
This joint work of Dag-Erling Smørgrav and myself updates the
FFS quota system to support both traditional 32-bit and new 64-bit
quotas (for those of you who want to put 2+Tb quotas on your users).
By default quotas are not compiled into the kernel. To include them
in your kernel configuration you need to specify:
options QUOTA # Enable FFS quotas
If you are already running with the current 32-bit quotas, they
should continue to work just as they have in the past. If you
wish to convert to using 64-bit quotas, use `quotacheck -c 64';
if you wish to revert from 64-bit quotas back to 32-bit quotas,
use `quotacheck -c 32'.
There is a new library of functions to simplify the use of the
quota system, do `man quotafile' for details. If your application
is currently using the quotactl(2), it is highly recommended that
you convert your application to use the quotafile interface.
Note that existing binaries will continue to work.
Special thanks to John Kozubik of rsync.net for getting me
interested in pursuing 64-bit quota support and for funding
part of my development time on this project.
sigvec(2) references have been updated to sigaction(2), sigsetmask(2) and
sigblock(2) to sigprocmask(2), sigpause(2) to sigsuspend(2).
Some legacy man pages still refer to them, that is OK.
* un-document 'struct sigaltstack' tag for stack_t as this is BSD-specific;
this doesn't seem useful enough to document as such
* alternate stacks are per thread, not per process
* update error codes to what the kernel does and POSIX requires
MFC after: 1 week
Simplify the presented declaration of struct sigaction, noting the
caveat in the text. Real layout of the structure and exposed
implementation namespace only obfuscates the usage.
Submitted by: bde
MFC after: 3 days
A nice thing about POSIX 2008 is that it finally standardizes a way to
obtain file access/modification/change times in sub-second precision,
namely using struct timespec, which we already have for a very long
time. Unfortunately POSIX uses different names.
This commit adds compatibility macros, so existing code should still
build properly. Also change all source code in the kernel to work
without any of the compatibility macros. This makes it all a less
ambiguous.
I am also renaming st_birthtime to st_birthtim, even though it was a
local extension anyway. It seems Cygwin also has a st_birthtim.
According to POSIX open() must return ENOTDIR when the path name does
not refer to a path name. Change vn_open() to respect this flag. This
also simplifies the Linuxolator a bit.
o Incorporate review comments:
- Properly reference and lock the map
- Take into account that the VM map can change inbetween requests
- Add the fileid and fsid attributes
Credits: kib@
Reviewed by: kib@
obtain the memory map of the traced process. PT_VM_TIMESTAMP can be
used to check if the memory map changed since the last time to avoid
iterating over all the VM entries unnecesarily.
MFC after: 1 month
r195175. Remove all definitions, documentation, and usage.
fifo_misc.c:
Remove all kqueue tests as fifo_io.c performs all those that
would have remained.
Reviewed by: rwatson
MFC after: 3 weeks
X-MFC note: don't change vlan_link_state() function signature
copied from NetBSD's manpage, and it also matches the behavior
described by the Open Group's online copy of setpgid.2 at
http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/setpgid.html
Obtained from: NetBSD
Submitted by: Petros Barbayiannis <petrosbarbayiannis@yahoo.gr>
MFC after: 1 week
Many operating systems also provide MAP_ANONYMOUS. It's not hard to
support this ourselves, we'd better add it to make it more likely for
applications to work out of the box.
Reviewed by: alc (mman.h)
well-known race condition, which elimination was the reason for the
function appearance in first place. If sigmask supplied as argument to
pselect() enables a signal, the signal might be delivered before thread
called select(2), causing lost wakeup. Reimplement pselect() in kernel,
making change of sigmask and sleep atomic.
Since signal shall be delivered to the usermode, but sigmask restored,
set TDP_OLDMASK and save old mask in td_oldsigmask. The TDP_OLDMASK
should be cleared by ast() in case signal was not gelivered during
syscall execution.
Reviewed by: davidxu
Tested by: pho
MFC after: 1 month
- F_READAHEAD: specify the amount for sequential access. The amount is
specified in bytes and is rounded up to nearest block size.
- F_RDAHEAD: Darwin compatible version that use 128KB as the sequential
access size.
A third argument of zero disables the read-ahead behavior.
Please note that the read-ahead amount is also constrainted by sysctl
variable, vfs.read_max, which may need to be raised in order to better
utilize this feature.
Thanks Igor Sysoev for proposing the feature and submitting the original
version, and kib@ for his valuable comments.
Submitted by: Igor Sysoev <is rambler-co ru>
Reviewed by: kib@
MFC after: 1 month
needed to satisfy static libraries that are compiled with -fpic
and linked into static binary afterwards. Several libraries in
gcc are examples of such static libs.
EV_RECEIPT is useful to disambiguating error conditions when multiple
events structures are passed to kevent(2). The error code is returned
in the data field and EV_ERROR is set.
Approved by: rwatson (co-mentor)
When the EV_DISPATCH flag is used the event source will be disabled
immediately after the delivery of an event. This is similar to the
EV_ONESHOT flag but it doesn't delete the event.
Approved by: rwatson (co-mentor)
Add user events support to kernel events which are not associated with any
kernel mechanism but are triggered by user level code. This is useful for
adding user level events to an event handler that may also be monitoring
kernel events.
Approved by: rwatson (co-mentor)
compiled with stack protector.
Use libssp_nonshared library to pull __stack_chk_fail_local symbol into
each library that needs it instead of pulling it from libc. GCC
generates local calls to this function which result in absolute
relocations put into position-independent code segment, making dynamic
loader do extra work every time given shared library is being relocated
and making affected text pages non-shareable.
Reviewed by: kib
Approved by: re (kib)
behavior is mandated by POSIX.
- Do not fail requests that pass a length greater than SSIZE_MAX
(such as > 2GB on 32-bit platforms). The 'len' parameter is actually
an unsigned 'size_t' so negative values don't really make sense.
Submitted by: Alexander Best alexbestms at math.uni-muenster.de
Reviewed by: alc
Approved by: re (kib)
MFC after: 1 week
if the new file mode is the same as it was before; however, this
optimization must be disabled for filesystems that support NFSv4 ACLs.
Chmod uses pathconf(2) to determine whether this is the case - however,
pathconf(2) always follows symbolic links, while the 'chmod -h' doesn't.
This change adds lpathconf(3) to make it possible to solve that problem
in a clean way.
Reviewed by: rwatson (earlier version)
Approved by: re (kib)
Use libssp_nonshared library to pull __stack_chk_fail_local symbol into
each library that needs it instead of pulling it from libc. GCC generates
local calls to this function which result in absolute relocations put into
position-independent code segment, making dynamic loader do extra work everys
time given shared library is being relocated and making affected text pages
non-shareable.
Reviewed by: kib
Approved by: re (kensmith)
This adds the following functions to the acl(3) API: acl_add_flag_np,
acl_clear_flags_np, acl_create_entry_np, acl_delete_entry_np,
acl_delete_flag_np, acl_get_extended_np, acl_get_flag_np, acl_get_flagset_np,
acl_set_extended_np, acl_set_flagset_np, acl_to_text_np, acl_is_trivial_np,
acl_strip_np, acl_get_brand_np. Most of them are similar to what Darwin
does. There are no backward-incompatible changes.
Approved by: rwatson@
- The uid/cuid members of struct ipc_perm are now uid_t instead of unsigned
short.
- The gid/cgid members of struct ipc_perm are now gid_t instead of unsigned
short.
- The mode member of struct ipc_perm is now mode_t instead of unsigned short
(this is merely a style bug).
- The rather dubious padding fields for ABI compat with SV/I386 have been
removed from struct msqid_ds and struct semid_ds.
- The shm_segsz member of struct shmid_ds is now a size_t instead of an
int. This removes the need for the shm_bsegsz member in struct
shmid_kernel and should allow for complete support of SYSV SHM regions
>= 2GB.
- The shm_nattch member of struct shmid_ds is now an int instead of a
short.
- The shm_internal member of struct shmid_ds is now gone. The internal
VM object pointer for SHM regions has been moved into struct
shmid_kernel.
- The existing __semctl(), msgctl(), and shmctl() system call entries are
now marked COMPAT7 and new versions of those system calls which support
the new ABI are now present.
- The new system calls are assigned to the FBSD-1.1 version in libc. The
FBSD-1.0 symbols in libc now refer to the old COMPAT7 system calls.
- A simplistic framework for tagging system calls with compatibility
symbol versions has been added to libc. Version tags are added to
system calls by adding an appropriate __sym_compat() entry to
src/lib/libc/incldue/compat.h. [1]
PR: kern/16195 kern/113218 bin/129855
Reviewed by: arch@, rwatson
Discussed with: kan, kib [1]
- update for getrlimit(2) manpage;
- support for setting RLIMIT_SWAP in login class;
- addition to the limits(1) and sh and csh limit-setting builtins;
- tuning(7) documentation on the sysctls controlling overcommit.
In collaboration with: pho
Reviewed by: alc
Approved by: re (kensmith)
system callers of getgroups(), getgrouplist(), and setgroups() to
allocate buffers dynamically. Specifically, allocate a buffer of size
sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX)+1 (+2 in a few cases to allow for overflow).
This (or similar gymnastics) is required for the code to actually follow
the POSIX.1-2008 specification where {NGROUPS_MAX} may differ at runtime
and where getgroups may return {NGROUPS_MAX}+1 results on systems like
FreeBSD which include the primary group.
In id(1), don't pointlessly add the primary group to the list of all
groups, it is always the first result from getgroups(). In principle
the old code was more portable, but this was only done in one of the two
places where getgroups() was called to the overall effect was pointless.
Document the actual POSIX requirements in the getgroups(2) and
setgroups(2) manpages. We do not yet support a dynamic NGROUPS, but we
may in the future.
MFC after: 2 weeks
While hacking on TTY code, I often miss a small utility to revoke my own
(pseudo-)terminals. This small utility is just a small wrapper around
the revoke(2) call, so you can destroy your very own login sessions.
Approved by: re
any open file descriptors >= 'lowfd'. It is largely identical to the same
function on other operating systems such as Solaris, DFly, NetBSD, and
OpenBSD. One difference from other *BSD is that this closefrom() does not
fail with any errors. In practice, while the manpages for NetBSD and
OpenBSD claim that they return EINTR, they ignore internal errors from
close() and never return EINTR. DFly does return EINTR, but for the common
use case (closing fd's prior to execve()), the caller really wants all
fd's closed and returning EINTR just forces callers to call closefrom() in
a loop until it stops failing.
Note that this implementation of closefrom(2) does not make any effort to
resolve userland races with open(2) in other threads. As such, it is not
multithread safe.
Submitted by: rwatson (initial version)
Reviewed by: rwatson
MFC after: 2 weeks
by creating a child jail, which is visible to that jail and to any
parent jails. Child jails may be restricted more than their parents,
but never less. Jail names reflect this hierarchy, being MIB-style
dot-separated strings.
Every thread now points to a jail, the default being prison0, which
contains information about the physical system. Prison0's root
directory is the same as rootvnode; its hostname is the same as the
global hostname, and its securelevel replaces the global securelevel.
Note that the variable "securelevel" has actually gone away, which
should not cause any problems for code that properly uses
securelevel_gt() and securelevel_ge().
Some jail-related permissions that were kept in global variables and
set via sysctls are now per-jail settings. The sysctls still exist for
backward compatibility, used only by the now-deprecated jail(2) system
call.
Approved by: bz (mentor)
interface as nmount(2). Three new system calls are added:
* jail_set, to create jails and change the parameters of existing jails.
This replaces jail(2).
* jail_get, to read the parameters of existing jails. This replaces the
security.jail.list sysctl.
* jail_remove to kill off a jail's processes and remove the jail.
Most jail parameters may now be changed after creation, and jails may be
set to exist without any attached processes. The current jail(2) system
call still exists, though it is now a stub to jail_set(2).
Approved by: bz (mentor)
these functions were moved into the kernel:
- Move the version entries from gen/ to sys/. Since the ABI of the actual
routines did not change, I'm still exporting them as FBSD 1.0 on purpose.
- Add FBSD-private versions for the _ and __sys_ variants.
memory from int to size_t. Implement a workaround for current ABI not
allowing to properly save size for and report more then 2Gb sized segment
of shared memory.
This makes it possible to use > 2 Gb shared memory segments on 64bit
architectures. Please note the new BUGS section in shmctl(2) and
UPDATING note for limitations of this temporal solution.
Reviewed by: csjp
Tested by: Nikolay Dzham <i levsha org ua>
MFC after: 2 weeks
On FreeBSD, this is the default behaviour. According to the spec, we may
give this flag a value of zero, but I'd rather not do this. If we define
it to a non-zero value, we can always change default behaviour without
changing the ABI. This is very unlikely to happen, though.
return zero on success and an error code otherwise. The possible errors
are EADDRNOTAVAIL if an address being checked for doesn't match the
prison, and EAFNOSUPPORT if the prison doesn't have any addresses in
that address family. For most callers of these functions, use the
returned error code instead of e.g. a hard-coded EADDRNOTAVAIL or
EINVAL.
Always include a jailed() check in these functions, where a non-jailed
cred always returns success (and makes no changes). Remove the explicit
jailed() checks that preceded many of the function calls.
Approved by: bz (mentor)
Bring in updated jail support from bz_jail branch.
This enhances the current jail implementation to permit multiple
addresses per jail. In addtion to IPv4, IPv6 is supported as well.
Due to updated checks it is even possible to have jails without
an IP address at all, which basically gives one a chroot with
restricted process view, no networking,..
SCTP support was updated and supports IPv6 in jails as well.
Cpuset support permits jails to be bound to specific processor
sets after creation.
Jails can have an unrestricted (no duplicate protection, etc.) name
in addition to the hostname. The jail name cannot be changed from
within a jail and is considered to be used for management purposes
or as audit-token in the future.
DDB 'show jails' command was added to aid debugging.
Proper compat support permits 32bit jail binaries to be used on 64bit
systems to manage jails. Also backward compatibility was preserved where
possible: for jail v1 syscalls, as well as with user space management
utilities.
Both jail as well as prison version were updated for the new features.
A gap was intentionally left as the intermediate versions had been
used by various patches floating around the last years.
Bump __FreeBSD_version for the afore mentioned and in kernel changes.
Special thanks to:
- Pawel Jakub Dawidek (pjd) for his multi-IPv4 patches
and Olivier Houchard (cognet) for initial single-IPv6 patches.
- Jeff Roberson (jeff) and Randall Stewart (rrs) for their
help, ideas and review on cpuset and SCTP support.
- Robert Watson (rwatson) for lots and lots of help, discussions,
suggestions and review of most of the patch at various stages.
- John Baldwin (jhb) for his help.
- Simon L. Nielsen (simon) as early adopter testing changes
on cluster machines as well as all the testers and people
who provided feedback the last months on freebsd-jail and
other channels.
- My employer, CK Software GmbH, for the support so I could work on this.
Reviewed by: (see above)
MFC after: 3 months (this is just so that I get the mail)
X-MFC Before: 7.2-RELEASE if possible
- Use `fildes[2]' instead of `*fildes' to make more clear that pipe(2)
fills an array with two descriptors.
- Remove EFAULT from the manual page. Because of the current calling
convention, pipe(2) raises a segmentation fault when an invalid
address is passed.
- Introduce kern_pipe() to make it easier for binary emulations to
implement pipe(2).
- Make Linux binary emulation use kern_pipe(), which means we don't have
to recover td_retval after calling the FreeBSD system call.
Approved by: rdivacky
Discussed on: arch
and server. This replaces the RPC implementation of the NFS client and
server with the newer RPC implementation originally developed
(actually ported from the userland sunrpc code) to support the NFS
Lock Manager. I have tested this code extensively and I believe it is
stable and that performance is at least equal to the legacy RPC
implementation.
The NFS code currently contains support for both the new RPC
implementation and the older legacy implementation inherited from the
original NFS codebase. The default is to use the new implementation -
add the NFS_LEGACYRPC option to fall back to the old code. When I
merge this support back to RELENG_7, I will probably change this so
that users have to 'opt in' to get the new code.
To use RPCSEC_GSS on either client or server, you must build a kernel
which includes the KGSSAPI option and the crypto device. On the
userland side, you must build at least a new libc, mountd, mount_nfs
and gssd. You must install new versions of /etc/rc.d/gssd and
/etc/rc.d/nfsd and add 'gssd_enable=YES' to /etc/rc.conf.
As long as gssd is running, you should be able to mount an NFS
filesystem from a server that requires RPCSEC_GSS authentication. The
mount itself can happen without any kerberos credentials but all
access to the filesystem will be denied unless the accessing user has
a valid ticket file in the standard place (/tmp/krb5cc_<uid>). There
is currently no support for situations where the ticket file is in a
different place, such as when the user logged in via SSH and has
delegated credentials from that login. This restriction is also
present in Solaris and Linux. In theory, we could improve this in
future, possibly using Brooks Davis' implementation of variant
symlinks.
Supporting RPCSEC_GSS on a server is nearly as simple. You must create
service creds for the server in the form 'nfs/<fqdn>@<REALM>' and
install them in /etc/krb5.keytab. The standard heimdal utility ktutil
makes this fairly easy. After the service creds have been created, you
can add a '-sec=krb5' option to /etc/exports and restart both mountd
and nfsd.
The only other difference an administrator should notice is that nfsd
doesn't fork to create service threads any more. In normal operation,
there will be two nfsd processes, one in userland waiting for TCP
connections and one in the kernel handling requests. The latter
process will create as many kthreads as required - these should be
visible via 'top -H'. The code has some support for varying the number
of service threads according to load but initially at least, nfsd uses
a fixed number of threads according to the value supplied to its '-n'
option.
Sponsored by: Isilon Systems
MFC after: 1 month
from the description but not the errors section. This revision removes it
from the errors statement.
Add a statement about the non-portability of non-page-aligned offsets.
is returned shall be kept in the waitable state.
Add WSTOPPED as an alias for WUNTRACED.
Submitted by: Jukka Ukkonen <jau at iki fi>
PR: standards/116221
MFC after: 2 weeks
executed by fexecve(2), imgp->args->fname is NULL. Moreover, there is
no way to recover the path to the script being executed.
Do what some other U*ixes do unconditionally, namely supply /dev/fd/n
as the script path when called from fexecve(). Document requirement of
having fdescfs mounted as caveat.
The last half year I've been working on a replacement TTY layer for the
FreeBSD kernel. The new TTY layer was designed to improve the following:
- Improved driver model:
The old TTY layer has a driver model that is not abstract enough to
make it friendly to use. A good example is the output path, where the
device drivers directly access the output buffers. This means that an
in-kernel PPP implementation must always convert network buffers into
TTY buffers.
If a PPP implementation would be built on top of the new TTY layer
(still needs a hooks layer, though), it would allow the PPP
implementation to directly hand the data to the TTY driver.
- Improved hotplugging:
With the old TTY layer, it isn't entirely safe to destroy TTY's from
the system. This implementation has a two-step destructing design,
where the driver first abandons the TTY. After all threads have left
the TTY, the TTY layer calls a routine in the driver, which can be
used to free resources (unit numbers, etc).
The pts(4) driver also implements this feature, which means
posix_openpt() will now return PTY's that are created on the fly.
- Improved performance:
One of the major improvements is the per-TTY mutex, which is expected
to improve scalability when compared to the old Giant locking.
Another change is the unbuffered copying to userspace, which is both
used on TTY device nodes and PTY masters.
Upgrading should be quite straightforward. Unlike previous versions,
existing kernel configuration files do not need to be changed, except
when they reference device drivers that are listed in UPDATING.
Obtained from: //depot/projects/mpsafetty/...
Approved by: philip (ex-mentor)
Discussed: on the lists, at BSDCan, at the DevSummit
Sponsored by: Snow B.V., the Netherlands
dcons(4) fixed by: kan
SO_LISTENQLEN SO_LISTENINCQLEN to the manual page.
Till now those were only present in sys/socket.h file.
Reviewed by: rwatson, gnn, keramida (with mdoc hat)
This particular implementation is designed to be fully backwards compatible
and to be MFC-able to 7.x (and 6.x)
Currently the only protocol that can make use of the multiple tables is IPv4
Similar functionality exists in OpenBSD and Linux.
From my notes:
-----
One thing where FreeBSD has been falling behind, and which by chance I
have some time to work on is "policy based routing", which allows
different
packet streams to be routed by more than just the destination address.
Constraints:
------------
I want to make some form of this available in the 6.x tree
(and by extension 7.x) , but FreeBSD in general needs it so I might as
well do it in -current and back port the portions I need.
One of the ways that this can be done is to have the ability to
instantiate multiple kernel routing tables (which I will now
refer to as "Forwarding Information Bases" or "FIBs" for political
correctness reasons). Which FIB a particular packet uses to make
the next hop decision can be decided by a number of mechanisms.
The policies these mechanisms implement are the "Policies" referred
to in "Policy based routing".
One of the constraints I have if I try to back port this work to
6.x is that it must be implemented as a EXTENSION to the existing
ABIs in 6.x so that third party applications do not need to be
recompiled in timespan of the branch.
This first version will not have some of the bells and whistles that
will come with later versions. It will, for example, be limited to 16
tables in the first commit.
Implementation method, Compatible version. (part 1)
-------------------------------
For this reason I have implemented a "sufficient subset" of a
multiple routing table solution in Perforce, and back-ported it
to 6.x. (also in Perforce though not always caught up with what I
have done in -current/P4). The subset allows a number of FIBs
to be defined at compile time (8 is sufficient for my purposes in 6.x)
and implements the changes needed to allow IPV4 to use them. I have not
done the changes for ipv6 simply because I do not need it, and I do not
have enough knowledge of ipv6 (e.g. neighbor discovery) needed to do it.
Other protocol families are left untouched and should there be
users with proprietary protocol families, they should continue to work
and be oblivious to the existence of the extra FIBs.
To understand how this is done, one must know that the current FIB
code starts everything off with a single dimensional array of
pointers to FIB head structures (One per protocol family), each of
which in turn points to the trie of routes available to that family.
The basic change in the ABI compatible version of the change is to
extent that array to be a 2 dimensional array, so that
instead of protocol family X looking at rt_tables[X] for the
table it needs, it looks at rt_tables[Y][X] when for all
protocol families except ipv4 Y is always 0.
Code that is unaware of the change always just sees the first row
of the table, which of course looks just like the one dimensional
array that existed before.
The entry points rtrequest(), rtalloc(), rtalloc1(), rtalloc_ign()
are all maintained, but refer only to the first row of the array,
so that existing callers in proprietary protocols can continue to
do the "right thing".
Some new entry points are added, for the exclusive use of ipv4 code
called in_rtrequest(), in_rtalloc(), in_rtalloc1() and in_rtalloc_ign(),
which have an extra argument which refers the code to the correct row.
In addition, there are some new entry points (currently called
rtalloc_fib() and friends) that check the Address family being
looked up and call either rtalloc() (and friends) if the protocol
is not IPv4 forcing the action to row 0 or to the appropriate row
if it IS IPv4 (and that info is available). These are for calling
from code that is not specific to any particular protocol. The way
these are implemented would change in the non ABI preserving code
to be added later.
One feature of the first version of the code is that for ipv4,
the interface routes show up automatically on all the FIBs, so
that no matter what FIB you select you always have the basic
direct attached hosts available to you. (rtinit() does this
automatically).
You CAN delete an interface route from one FIB should you want
to but by default it's there. ARP information is also available
in each FIB. It's assumed that the same machine would have the
same MAC address, regardless of which FIB you are using to get
to it.
This brings us as to how the correct FIB is selected for an outgoing
IPV4 packet.
Firstly, all packets have a FIB associated with them. if nothing
has been done to change it, it will be FIB 0. The FIB is changed
in the following ways.
Packets fall into one of a number of classes.
1/ locally generated packets, coming from a socket/PCB.
Such packets select a FIB from a number associated with the
socket/PCB. This in turn is inherited from the process,
but can be changed by a socket option. The process in turn
inherits it on fork. I have written a utility call setfib
that acts a bit like nice..
setfib -3 ping target.example.com # will use fib 3 for ping.
It is an obvious extension to make it a property of a jail
but I have not done so. It can be achieved by combining the setfib and
jail commands.
2/ packets received on an interface for forwarding.
By default these packets would use table 0,
(or possibly a number settable in a sysctl(not yet)).
but prior to routing the firewall can inspect them (see below).
(possibly in the future you may be able to associate a FIB
with packets received on an interface.. An ifconfig arg, but not yet.)
3/ packets inspected by a packet classifier, which can arbitrarily
associate a fib with it on a packet by packet basis.
A fib assigned to a packet by a packet classifier
(such as ipfw) would over-ride a fib associated by
a more default source. (such as cases 1 or 2).
4/ a tcp listen socket associated with a fib will generate
accept sockets that are associated with that same fib.
5/ Packets generated in response to some other packet (e.g. reset
or icmp packets). These should use the FIB associated with the
packet being reponded to.
6/ Packets generated during encapsulation.
gif, tun and other tunnel interfaces will encapsulate using the FIB
that was in effect withthe proces that set up the tunnel.
thus setfib 1 ifconfig gif0 [tunnel instructions]
will set the fib for the tunnel to use to be fib 1.
Routing messages would be associated with their
process, and thus select one FIB or another.
messages from the kernel would be associated with the fib they
refer to and would only be received by a routing socket associated
with that fib. (not yet implemented)
In addition Netstat has been edited to be able to cope with the
fact that the array is now 2 dimensional. (It looks in system
memory using libkvm (!)). Old versions of netstat see only the first FIB.
In addition two sysctls are added to give:
a) the number of FIBs compiled in (active)
b) the default FIB of the calling process.
Early testing experience:
-------------------------
Basically our (IronPort's) appliance does this functionality already
using ipfw fwd but that method has some drawbacks.
For example,
It can't fully simulate a routing table because it can't influence the
socket's choice of local address when a connect() is done.
Testing during the generating of these changes has been
remarkably smooth so far. Multiple tables have co-existed
with no notable side effects, and packets have been routes
accordingly.
ipfw has grown 2 new keywords:
setfib N ip from anay to any
count ip from any to any fib N
In pf there seems to be a requirement to be able to give symbolic names to the
fibs but I do not have that capacity. I am not sure if it is required.
SCTP has interestingly enough built in support for this, called VRFs
in Cisco parlance. it will be interesting to see how that handles it
when it suddenly actually does something.
Where to next:
--------------------
After committing the ABI compatible version and MFCing it, I'd
like to proceed in a forward direction in -current. this will
result in some roto-tilling in the routing code.
Firstly: the current code's idea of having a separate tree per
protocol family, all of the same format, and pointed to by the
1 dimensional array is a bit silly. Especially when one considers that
there is code that makes assumptions about every protocol having the
same internal structures there. Some protocols don't WANT that
sort of structure. (for example the whole idea of a netmask is foreign
to appletalk). This needs to be made opaque to the external code.
My suggested first change is to add routing method pointers to the
'domain' structure, along with information pointing the data.
instead of having an array of pointers to uniform structures,
there would be an array pointing to the 'domain' structures
for each protocol address domain (protocol family),
and the methods this reached would be called. The methods would have
an argument that gives FIB number, but the protocol would be free
to ignore it.
When the ABI can be changed it raises the possibilty of the
addition of a fib entry into the "struct route". Currently,
the structure contains the sockaddr of the desination, and the resulting
fib entry. To make this work fully, one could add a fib number
so that given an address and a fib, one can find the third element, the
fib entry.
Interaction with the ARP layer/ LL layer would need to be
revisited as well. Qing Li has been working on this already.
This work was sponsored by Ironport Systems/Cisco
PR:
Reviewed by: several including rwatson, bz and mlair (parts each)
Approved by:
Obtained from: Ironport systems/Cisco
MFC after:
Security:
PR:
Submitted by:
Reviewed by:
Approved by:
Obtained from:
MFC after:
Security:
