Sysctls like kern.eventtimer.et.*.quality currently embed the name of
the clock device. This is problematic for the Prometheus metrics
exporter for two reasons:
- Some of those clocks have dashes in their names, which Prometheus
doesn't allow to be used in metric names.
- It doesn't allow for extracting the same property of all clocks on the
system from within a single query.
Attach these nodes to have a label, so that the Prometheus metrics
exporter gives these metric a uniform name with the name of the clock
attached as a label.
Reviewed by: cem
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D8775
Right now, userspace (fast) gettimeofday(2) on x86 only works for
RDTSC. For older machines, like Core2, where RDTSC is not C2/C3
invariant, and which fall to HPET hardware, this means that the call
has both the penalty of the syscall and of the uncached hw behind the
QPI or PCIe connection to the sought bridge. Nothing can me done
against the access latency, but the syscall overhead can be removed.
System already provides mappable /dev/hpetX devices, which gives
straight access to the HPET registers page.
Add yet another algorithm to the x86 'vdso' timehands. Libc is updated
to handle both RDTSC and HPET. For HPET, the index of the hpet device
to mmap is passed from kernel to userspace, index might be changed and
libc invalidates its mapping as needed.
Remove cpu_fill_vdso_timehands() KPI, instead require that
timecounters which can be used from userspace, to provide
tc_fill_vdso_timehands{,32}() methods. Merge i386 and amd64
libc/<arch>/sys/__vdso_gettc.c into one source file in the new
libc/x86/sys location. __vdso_gettc() internal interface is changed
to move timecounter algorithm detection into the MD code.
Measurements show that RDTSC even with the syscall overhead is faster
than userspace HPET access. But still, userspace HPET is three-four
times faster than syscall HPET on several Core2 and SandyBridge
machines.
Tested by: Howard Su <howard0su@gmail.com>
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 month
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D7473
setclock() and from simultaneous top-level and interrupt. For this,
tc_windup() is protected with a tc_setclock_mtx spinlock, in the try
mode when called from hardclock interrupt. If spinlock cannot be
obtained without spinning from the interrupt context, this means that
top-level executes tc_windup() on other core and our try may be
avoided.
The boottimebin and boottime variables should be adjusted from
tc_windup(). To be correct, they must be part of the timehands and
read using lockless protocol. Remove the globals and reimplement the
getboottime(9)/getboottimebin(9) KPI using the timehands read
protocol.
Tested by: pho (as part of the whole patch)
Reviewed by: jhb (same)
Discussed wit: bde
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 month
X-Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D7302
consumers can now be only one tc_windup() call late.
Use C99 initialization.
Tested by: pho (as part of the whole patch)
Reviewed by: jhb (same)
Discussed with: bde
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 month
X-Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D7302
and getboottimebin(9) KPI. Change consumers of boottime to use the
KPI. The variables were renamed to avoid shadowing issues with local
variables of the same name.
Issue is that boottime* should be adjusted from tc_windup(), which
requires them to be members of the timehands structure. As a
preparation, this commit only introduces the interface.
Some uses of boottime were found doubtful, e.g. NLM uses boottime to
identify the system boot instance. Arguably the identity should not
change on the leap second adjustment, but the commit is about the
timekeeping code and the consumers were kept bug-to-bug compatible.
Tested by: pho (as part of the bigger patch)
Reviewed by: jhb (same)
Discussed with: bde
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 month
X-Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D7302
are updated lockess, different CPUs write its own view of timecounter
state. The critical section is done for safety, callers of
tc_cpu_ticks() are supposed to already enter critical section, or to
own a spinlock.
The change fixes sporadical reports of too high values reported for
the (W)CPU on platforms that do not provide cpu ticker and use
tc_cpu_ticks(), in particular, arm*.
Diagnosed and reviewed by: jhb
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 week
with higher quality registers (presumably in a module that has just been
loaded), do not undo the user's choice by switching to the new timecounter.
Document that behavior, and also the fact that there is no way to unregister
a timecounter (and thus no way to unload a module containing one).
This makes the PPS API behave correctly, but isn't ideal -- we still end
up capturing PPS data for non-enabled edges, we just don't process the
data into an event that becomes visible outside of kern_tc. That's because
the event type isn't passed to pps_capture(), so it can't do the filtering.
Any solution for capture filtering is going to require touching every driver.
for timehands consumers, by using fences.
Ensure that the timehands->th_generation reset to zero is visible
before the data update is visible [*]. tc_setget() allowed data update
writes to become visible before generation (but not on TSO
architectures).
Remove tc_setgen(), tc_getgen() helpers, use atomics inline [**].
Noted by: alc [*]
Requested by: bde [**]
Reviewed by: alc, bde
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 3 weeks
Do not include machine/atomic.h explicitely, the header is already included
by sys/systm.h.
Force inlining of tc_getgen() and tc_setgen(). The functions are used
more than once, which causes compilers with non-aggressive inlining
policies to generate calls.
Suggested by: bde
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 week
that:
- th_generation update is visible after the parameters update is
visible;
- the read of parameters is not reordered before initial read of
th_generation.
On UP kernels, compiler barriers are enough. For SMP machines, CPU
barriers must be used too, as was confirmed by submitter by testing on
the Freescale T4240 platform with 24 PowerPC processors.
Submitted by: Sebastian Huber <sebastian.huber@embedded-brains.de>
MFC after: 1 week
interface without breaking ABI or API compatibility with existing drivers.
The existing data structures used to communicate between the kernel and
driver portions of PPS processing contain no spare/padding fields and no
flags field or other straightforward mechanism for communicating changes
in the structures or behaviors of the code. This makes it difficult to
MFC new features added to the PPS facility. ABI compatibility is
important; out-of-tree drivers in module form are known to exist. (Note
that the existing api_version field in the pps_params structure must
contain the value mandated by RFC 2783 and any RFCs that come along after.)
These changes introduce a pair of abi-version fields which are filled in
by the driver and the kernel respectively to indicate the interface
version. The driver sets its version field before calling the new
pps_init_abi() function. That lets the kernel know how much of the
pps_state structure is understood by the driver and it can avoid using
newer fields at the end of the structure that it knows about if the driver
is a lower version. The kernel fills in its version field during the init
call, letting the driver know what features and data the kernel supports.
To implement the new version information in a way that is backwards
compatible with code from before these changes, the high bit of the
lightly-used 'kcmode' field is repurposed as a flag bit that indicates the
driver is aware of the abi versioning scheme. Basically if this bit is
clear that indicates a "version 0" driver and if it is set the driver_abi
field indicates the version.
These changes also move the recently-added 'mtx' field of pps_state from
the middle to the end of the structure, and make the kernel code that uses
this field conditional on the driver being abi version 1 or higher. It
changes the only driver currently supplying the mtx field, usb_serial, to
use pps_init_abi().
Reviewed by: hselasky@
Prior to this change CLOCK_MONOTONIC could go backwards when the timecounter
hardware was changed via 'sysctl kern.timecounter.hardware'. This happened
because the vdso timehands update was missing the special treatment in
tc_windup() when changing timecounters.
Reviewed by: kib
may also halt in C2 and not just C3 (it seems that in some cases the BIOS
advertises its C3 state as a C2 state in _CST). Just play it safe and
disable both C2 and C3 states if a user forces the use of the TSC as the
timecounter on such CPUs.
PR: 192316
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D1441
No objection from: jkim
MFC after: 1 week
These changes prevent sysctl(8) from returning proper output,
such as:
1) no output from sysctl(8)
2) erroneously returning ENOMEM with tools like truss(1)
or uname(1)
truss: can not get etype: Cannot allocate memory
there is an environment variable which shall initialize the SYSCTL
during early boot. This works for all SYSCTL types both statically and
dynamically created ones, except for the SYSCTL NODE type and SYSCTLs
which belong to VNETs. A new flag, CTLFLAG_NOFETCH, has been added to
be used in the case a tunable sysctl has a custom initialisation
function allowing the sysctl to still be marked as a tunable. The
kernel SYSCTL API is mostly the same, with a few exceptions for some
special operations like iterating childrens of a static/extern SYSCTL
node. This operation should probably be made into a factored out
common macro, hence some device drivers use this. The reason for
changing the SYSCTL API was the need for a SYSCTL parent OID pointer
and not only the SYSCTL parent OID list pointer in order to quickly
generate the sysctl path. The motivation behind this patch is to avoid
parameter loading cludges inside the OFED driver subsystem. Instead of
adding special code to the OFED driver subsystem to post-load tunables
into dynamically created sysctls, we generalize this in the kernel.
Other changes:
- Corrected a possibly incorrect sysctl name from "hw.cbb.intr_mask"
to "hw.pcic.intr_mask".
- Removed redundant TUNABLE statements throughout the kernel.
- Some minor code rewrites in connection to removing not needed
TUNABLE statements.
- Added a missing SYSCTL_DECL().
- Wrapped two very long lines.
- Avoid malloc()/free() inside sysctl string handling, in case it is
called to initialize a sysctl from a tunable, hence malloc()/free() is
not ready when sysctls from the sysctl dataset are registered.
- Bumped FreeBSD version to indicate SYSCTL API change.
MFC after: 2 weeks
Sponsored by: Mellanox Technologies
precise time event generation. This greatly improves granularity of
callouts which are not anymore constrained to wait next tick to be
scheduled.
- Extend the callout KPI introducing a set of callout_reset_sbt* functions,
which take a sbintime_t as timeout argument. The new KPI also offers a
way for consumers to specify precision tolerance they allow, so that
callout can coalesce events and reduce number of interrupts as well as
potentially avoid scheduling a SWI thread.
- Introduce support for dispatching callouts directly from hardware
interrupt context, specifying an additional flag. This feature should be
used carefully, as long as interrupt context has some limitations
(e.g. no sleeping locks can be held).
- Enhance mechanisms to gather informations about callwheel, introducing
a new sysctl to obtain stats.
This change breaks the KBI. struct callout fields has been changed, in
particular 'int ticks' (4 bytes) has been replaced with 'sbintime_t'
(8 bytes) and another 'sbintime_t' field was added for precision.
Together with: mav
Reviewed by: attilio, bde, luigi, phk
Sponsored by: Google Summer of Code 2012, iXsystems inc.
Tested by: flo (amd64, sparc64), marius (sparc64), ian (arm),
markj (amd64), mav, Fabian Keil
blocking modes described in section 3.4.3 of RFC 2783, allowing the caller
to retrieve the most recent values without blocking, to block for a specified
time, or to block forever.
Reviewed by: discussion on hackers@
the scheduled task from tc_windup(). Do it directly from tc_windup in
interrupt context [1].
Establish the permanent mapping of the shared page into the kernel
address space, avoiding the potential need to sleep waiting for
allocation of sf buffer during vdso_timehands update. As a
consequence, shared_page_write_start() and shared_page_write_end()
functions are not needed anymore.
Guess and memorize the pointers to native host and compat32 sysentvec
during initialization, to avoid the need to get shared_page_alloc_sx
lock during the update.
In tc_fill_vdso_timehands(), do not loop waiting for timehands
generation to stabilize, since vdso_timehands is written in the same
interrupt context which wrote timehands.
Requested by: mav [1]
MFC after: 29 days
usermode, using shared page. The structures and functions have vdso
prefix, to indicate the intended location of the code in some future.
The versioned per-algorithm data is exported in the format of struct
vdso_timehands, which mostly repeats the content of in-kernel struct
timehands. Usermode reading of the structure can be lockless.
Compatibility export for 32bit processes on 64bit host is also
provided. Kernel also provides usermode with indication about
currently used timecounter, so that libc can fall back to syscall if
configured timecounter is unknown to usermode code.
The shared data updates are initiated both from the tc_windup(), where
a fast task is queued to do the update, and from sysctl handlers which
change timecounter. A manual override switch
kern.timecounter.fast_gettime allows to turn off the mechanism.
Only x86 architectures export the real algorithm data, and there, only
for tsc timecounter. HPET counters page could be exported as well, but
I prefer to not further glue the kernel and libc ABI there until
proper vdso-based solution is developed.
Minimal stubs neccessary for non-x86 architectures to still compile
are provided.
Discussed with: bde
Reviewed by: jhb
Tested by: flo
MFC after: 1 month
using the o32 ABI. This mostly follows nwhitehorn's lead in implementing
COMPAT_FREEBSD32 on powerpc64.
o) Add a new type to the freebsd32 compat layer, time32_t, which is time_t in the
32-bit ABI being used. Since the MIPS port is relatively-new, even the 32-bit
ABIs use a 64-bit time_t.
o) Because time{spec,val}32 has the same size and layout as time{spec,val} on MIPS
with 32-bit compatibility, then, disable some code which assumes otherwise
wrongly when built for MIPS. A more general macro to check in this case would
seem like a good idea eventually. If someone adds support for using n32
userland with n64 kernels on MIPS, then they will have to add a variety of
flags related to each piece of the ABI that can vary. That's probably the
right time to generalize further.
o) Add MIPS to the list of architectures which use PAD64_REQUIRED in the
freebsd32 compat code. Probably this should be generalized at some point.
Reviewed by: gonzo
sysclock_getsnapshot() function allows the caller to obtain a snapshot of all
the system clock and timecounter state required to create time stamps at a later
point. The sysclock_snap2bintime() function converts a previously obtained
snapshot into a bintime time stamp according to the specified flags e.g. which
system clock, uptime vs absolute time, etc.
These KPIs enable useful functionality, including direct comparison of the
feedback and feed-forward system clocks and generation of multiple time stamps
with different formats from a single timecounter read.
Committed on behalf of Julien Ridoux and Darryl Veitch from the University of
Melbourne, Australia, as part of the FreeBSD Foundation funded "Feed-Forward
Clock Synchronization Algorithms" project.
For more information, see http://www.synclab.org/radclock/
In collaboration with: Julien Ridoux (jridoux at unimelb edu au)
reimplementing the [get]{bin,nano,micro}[up]time() wrapper functions in terms of
the new "fromclock" API instead.
Committed on behalf of Julien Ridoux and Darryl Veitch from the University of
Melbourne, Australia, as part of the FreeBSD Foundation funded "Feed-Forward
Clock Synchronization Algorithms" project.
For more information, see http://www.synclab.org/radclock/
Discussed with: Julien Ridoux (jridoux at unimelb edu au)
Submitted by: Julien Ridoux (jridoux at unimelb edu au)
that new APIs with some performance sensitivity can be built on top of them.
These functions should not be called directly except in special circumstances.
Committed on behalf of Julien Ridoux and Darryl Veitch from the University of
Melbourne, Australia, as part of the FreeBSD Foundation funded "Feed-Forward
Clock Synchronization Algorithms" project.
For more information, see http://www.synclab.org/radclock/
Discussed with: Julien Ridoux (jridoux at unimelb edu au)
Submitted by: Julien Ridoux (jridoux at unimelb edu au)
fbclock_{nanouptime|microuptime|bintime|nanotime|microtime}() functions to avoid
indirecting through a sysclock_ops wrapper function.
Committed on behalf of Julien Ridoux and Darryl Veitch from the University of
Melbourne, Australia, as part of the FreeBSD Foundation funded "Feed-Forward
Clock Synchronization Algorithms" project.
For more information, see http://www.synclab.org/radclock/
Submitted by: Julien Ridoux (jridoux at unimelb edu au)
ffclock time in seconds.
- Add IOCTL to retrieve ffclock timestamps from userland.
Committed on behalf of Julien Ridoux and Darryl Veitch from the University of
Melbourne, Australia, as part of the FreeBSD Foundation funded "Feed-Forward
Clock Synchronization Algorithms" project.
For more information, see http://www.synclab.org/radclock/
Submitted by: Julien Ridoux (jridoux at unimelb edu au)
- Wrap [get]{bin,nano,micro}[up]time() functions of sys/time.h to allow
requesting time from either the feedback or the feed-forward clock. If a
feedback (e.g. ntpd) and feed-forward (e.g. radclock) daemon are both running
on the system, both kernel clocks are updated but only one serves time.
- Add similar wrappers for the feed-forward difference clock.
Committed on behalf of Julien Ridoux and Darryl Veitch from the University of
Melbourne, Australia, as part of the FreeBSD Foundation funded "Feed-Forward
Clock Synchronization Algorithms" project.
For more information, see http://www.synclab.org/radclock/
Submitted by: Julien Ridoux (jridoux at unimelb edu au)
Implement ffcounter, a monotonically increasing cumulative counter on top of the
active timecounter. Provide low-level functions to read the ffcounter and
convert it to absolute time or a time interval in seconds using the current
ffclock estimates, which track the drift of the oscillator. Add a ring of
fftimehands to track passing of time on each kernel tick and pick up updates of
ffclock estimates.
Committed on behalf of Julien Ridoux and Darryl Veitch from the University of
Melbourne, Australia, as part of the FreeBSD Foundation funded "Feed-Forward
Clock Synchronization Algorithms" project.
For more information, see http://www.synclab.org/radclock/
Submitted by: Julien Ridoux (jridoux at unimelb edu au)
The SYSCTL_NODE macro defines a list that stores all child-elements of
that node. If there's no SYSCTL_DECL macro anywhere else, there's no
reason why it shouldn't be static.
more than 1s earlier. Prior to this commit, the computation of
th_scale * delta (which produces a 64-bit value equal to the time since
the last tc_windup call in units of 2^(-64) seconds) would overflow and
any complete seconds would be lost.
We fix this by repeatedly converting tc_frequency units of timecounter
to one seconds; this is not exactly correct, since it loses the NTP
adjustment, but if we find ourselves going more than 1s at a time between
clock interrupts, losing a few seconds worth of NTP adjustments is the
least of our problems...
is running on "dummy" time counter. But to function properly in one-shot
mode, event timer management code requires working time counter. Slow
moving "dummy" time counter delays first hardclock() call by few seconds
on my systems, even though timer interrupts were correctly kicking kernel.
That causes few seconds delay during boot with one-shot mode enabled.
To break this loop, explicitly call tc_windup() first time during
initialization process to let it switch to some real time counter.
to handle current timecounter wraps. Make kern_clocksource.c to honor that
requirement, scheduling sleeps on first CPU for no more then specified
period. Allow other CPUs to sleep up to 1/4 second (for any case).
The main goal of this is to generate timer interrupts only when there is
some work to do. When CPU is busy interrupts are generating at full rate
of hz + stathz to fullfill scheduler and timekeeping requirements. But
when CPU is idle, only minimum set of interrupts (down to 8 interrupts per
second per CPU now), needed to handle scheduled callouts is executed.
This allows significantly increase idle CPU sleep time, increasing effect
of static power-saving technologies. Also it should reduce host CPU load
on virtualized systems, when guest system is idle.
There is set of tunables, also available as writable sysctls, allowing to
control wanted event timer subsystem behavior:
kern.eventtimer.timer - allows to choose event timer hardware to use.
On x86 there is up to 4 different kinds of timers. Depending on whether
chosen timer is per-CPU, behavior of other options slightly differs.
kern.eventtimer.periodic - allows to choose periodic and one-shot
operation mode. In periodic mode, current timer hardware taken as the only
source of time for time events. This mode is quite alike to previous kernel
behavior. One-shot mode instead uses currently selected time counter
hardware to schedule all needed events one by one and program timer to
generate interrupt exactly in specified time. Default value depends of
chosen timer capabilities, but one-shot mode is preferred, until other is
forced by user or hardware.
kern.eventtimer.singlemul - in periodic mode specifies how much times
higher timer frequency should be, to not strictly alias hardclock() and
statclock() events. Default values are 2 and 4, but could be reduced to 1
if extra interrupts are unwanted.
kern.eventtimer.idletick - makes each CPU to receive every timer interrupt
independently of whether they busy or not. By default this options is
disabled. If chosen timer is per-CPU and runs in periodic mode, this option
has no effect - all interrupts are generating.
As soon as this patch modifies cpu_idle() on some platforms, I have also
refactored one on x86. Now it makes use of MONITOR/MWAIT instrunctions
(if supported) under high sleep/wakeup rate, as fast alternative to other
methods. It allows SMP scheduler to wake up sleeping CPUs much faster
without using IPI, significantly increasing performance on some highly
task-switching loads.
Tested by: many (on i386, amd64, sparc64 and powerc)
H/W donated by: Gheorghe Ardelean
Sponsored by: iXsystems, Inc.
