Commit Graph

212 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Christian S.J. Peron
583450efd7 Make sure we convert audit records that were produced as the result of the
closefrom(2) syscall.
2010-01-31 22:31:01 +00:00
Brooks Davis
412f9500e2 Replace the static NGROUPS=NGROUPS_MAX+1=1024 with a dynamic
kern.ngroups+1.  kern.ngroups can range from NGROUPS_MAX=1023 to
INT_MAX-1.  Given that the Windows group limit is 1024, this range
should be sufficient for most applications.

MFC after:	1 month
2010-01-12 07:49:34 +00:00
Poul-Henning Kamp
0d07b627a3 Having thrown the cat out of the house, add a necessary include. 2009-09-08 13:24:36 +00:00
Poul-Henning Kamp
6778431478 Revert previous commit and add myself to the list of people who should
know better than to commit with a cat in the area.
2009-09-08 13:19:05 +00:00
Poul-Henning Kamp
b34421bf9c Add necessary include. 2009-09-08 13:16:55 +00:00
Robert Watson
9eb3e4639a Correctly audit real gids following changes to the audit record argument
interface.

Approved by:	re (kib)
2009-08-12 10:45:45 +00:00
Robert Watson
791b0ad2bf Eliminate ARG_UPATH[12] arguments to AUDIT_ARG_UPATH() and instead
provide specific macros, AUDIT_ARG_UPATH1() and AUDIT_ARG_UPATH2()
to capture path information for audit records.  This allows us to
move the definitions of ARG_* out of the public audit header file,
as they are an implementation detail of our current kernel-internal
audit record, which may change.

Approved by:	re (kensmith)
Obtained from:	TrustedBSD Project
MFC after:	1 month
2009-07-29 07:44:43 +00:00
Robert Watson
b146fc1bf0 Rework vnode argument auditing to follow the same structure, in order
to avoid exposing ARG_ macros/flag values outside of the audit code in
order to name which one of two possible vnodes will be audited for a
system call.

Approved by:	re (kib)
Obtained from:	TrustedBSD Project
MFC after:	1 month
2009-07-28 21:52:24 +00:00
Robert Watson
e4b4bbb665 Audit file descriptors passed to fooat(2) system calls, which are used
instead of the root/current working directory as the starting point for
lookups.  Up to two such descriptors can be audited.  Add audit record
BSM encoding for fooat(2).

Note: due to an error in the OpenBSM 1.1p1 configuration file, a
further change is required to that file in order to fix openat(2)
auditing.

Approved by:	re (kib)
Reviewed by:	rdivacky (fooat(2) portions)
Obtained from:	TrustedBSD Project
MFC after:	1 month
2009-07-28 21:39:58 +00:00
Robert Watson
597df30e62 Import OpenBSM 1.1p1 from vendor branch to 8-CURRENT, populating
contrib/openbsm and a subset also imported into sys/security/audit.
This patch release addresses several minor issues:

- Fixes to AUT_SOCKUNIX token parsing.
- IPv6 support for au_to_me(3).
- Improved robustness in the parsing of audit_control, especially long
  flags/naflags strings and whitespace in all fields.
- Add missing conversion of a number of FreeBSD/Mac OS X errnos to/from BSM
  error number space.

MFC after:	3 weeks
Obtained from:	TrustedBSD Project
Sponsored by:	Apple, Inc.
Approved by:	re (kib)
2009-07-17 14:02:20 +00:00
Robert Watson
6196f898bb Create audit records for AUE_POSIX_OPENPT, currently w/o arguments.
Approved by:	re (audit argument blanket)
2009-07-02 16:33:38 +00:00
Robert Watson
deedc899fd Fix comment misthink.
Submitted by:	b. f. <bf1783 at googlemail.com>
Approved by:	re (audit argument blanket)
MFC after:	1 week
2009-07-02 09:50:13 +00:00
Robert Watson
2a5658382a Clean up a number of aspects of token generation from audit arguments to
system calls:

- Centralize generation of argument tokens for VM addresses in a macro,
  ADDR_TOKEN(), and properly encode 64-bit addresses in 64-bit arguments.
- Fix up argument numbers across a large number of syscalls so that they
  match the numeric argument into the system call.
- Don't audit the address argument to ioctl(2) or ptrace(2), but do keep
  generating tokens for mmap(2), minherit(2), since they relate to passing
  object access across execve(2).

Approved by:	re (audit argument blanket)
Obtained from:	TrustedBSD Project
MFC after:	1 week
2009-07-02 09:15:30 +00:00
Robert Watson
03f7b00438 For access(2) and eaccess(2), audit the requested access mode.
Approved by:	re (audit argument blanket)
MFC after:	3 days
2009-07-01 22:47:45 +00:00
Robert Watson
9e4c1521d5 Define missing audit argument macro AUDIT_ARG_SOCKET(), and
capture the domain, type, and protocol arguments to socket(2)
and socketpair(2).

Approved by:	re (audit argument blanket)
MFC after:	3 days
2009-07-01 18:54:49 +00:00
Robert Watson
6d5a61563a When auditing unmount(2), capture FSID arguments as regular text strings
rather than as paths, which would lead to them being treated as relative
pathnames and hence confusingly converted into absolute pathnames.

Capture flags to unmount(2) via an argument token.

Approved by:	re (audit argument blanket)
MFC after:	3 days
2009-07-01 16:56:56 +00:00
Robert Watson
422d786676 Audit the file descriptor number passed to lseek(2).
Approved by:	re (kib)
MFC after:	3 days
2009-07-01 15:37:23 +00:00
Robert Watson
2ef24dde7c udit the 'options' argument to wait4(2).
Approved by:	re (kib)
MFC after:	3 days
2009-07-01 12:36:10 +00:00
Stacey Son
86120afae4 Dynamically allocate the gidset field in audit record.
This fixes a problem created by the recent change that allows a large
number of groups per user.  The gidset field in struct kaudit_record
is now dynamically allocated to the size needed rather than statically
(using NGROUPS).

Approved by:	re@ (kensmith, rwatson), gnn (mentor)
2009-06-29 20:19:19 +00:00
Robert Watson
14961ba789 Replace AUDIT_ARG() with variable argument macros with a set more more
specific macros for each audit argument type.  This makes it easier to
follow call-graphs, especially for automated analysis tools (such as
fxr).

In MFC, we should leave the existing AUDIT_ARG() macros as they may be
used by third-party kernel modules.

Suggested by:	brooks
Approved by:	re (kib)
Obtained from:	TrustedBSD Project
MFC after:	1 week
2009-06-27 13:58:44 +00:00
Konstantin Belousov
d8b0556c6d Adapt vfs kqfilter to the shared vnode lock used by zfs write vop. Use
vnode interlock to protect the knote fields [1]. The locking assumes
that shared vnode lock is held, thus we get exclusive access to knote
either by exclusive vnode lock protection, or by shared vnode lock +
vnode interlock.

Do not use kl_locked() method to assert either lock ownership or the
fact that curthread does not own the lock. For shared locks, ownership
is not recorded, e.g. VOP_ISLOCKED can return LK_SHARED for the shared
lock not owned by curthread, causing false positives in kqueue subsystem
assertions about knlist lock.

Remove kl_locked method from knlist lock vector, and add two separate
assertion methods kl_assert_locked and kl_assert_unlocked, that are
supposed to use proper asserts. Change knlist_init accordingly.

Add convenience function knlist_init_mtx to reduce number of arguments
for typical knlist initialization.

Submitted by:	jhb [1]
Noted by:	jhb [2]
Reviewed by:	jhb
Tested by:	rnoland
2009-06-10 20:59:32 +00:00
Robert Watson
bcf11e8d00 Move "options MAC" from opt_mac.h to opt_global.h, as it's now in GENERIC
and used in a large number of files, but also because an increasing number
of incorrect uses of MAC calls were sneaking in due to copy-and-paste of
MAC-aware code without the associated opt_mac.h include.

Discussed with:	pjd
2009-06-05 14:55:22 +00:00
Attilio Rao
dfd233edd5 Remove the thread argument from the FSD (File-System Dependent) parts of
the VFS.  Now all the VFS_* functions and relating parts don't want the
context as long as it always refers to curthread.

In some points, in particular when dealing with VOPs and functions living
in the same namespace (eg. vflush) which still need to be converted,
pass curthread explicitly in order to retain the old behaviour.
Such loose ends will be fixed ASAP.

While here fix a bug: now, UFS_EXTATTR can be compiled alone without the
UFS_EXTATTR_AUTOSTART option.

VFS KPI is heavilly changed by this commit so thirdy parts modules needs
to be recompiled.  Bump __FreeBSD_version in order to signal such
situation.
2009-05-11 15:33:26 +00:00
Robert Watson
2a5058a3ed Temporarily relax the constraints on argument size checking for A_GETCOND;
login(1) isn't quite ready for them yet on 64-bit systems as it continues
to use the conventions of the old version of the API.

Reported by:	stas, Jakub Lach <jakub_lach at mailplus.pl>
2009-04-19 23:28:08 +00:00
Robert Watson
4df4e33572 Merge OpenBSM 1.1 changes to the FreeBSD 8.x kernel:
- Add and use mapping of fcntl(2) commands to new BSM constant space.
- Adopt (int) rather than (long) arguments to a number of auditon(2)
  commands, as has happened in Solaris, and add compatibility code to
  handle the old comments.

Note that BSM_PF_IEEE80211 is partially but not fully removed, as the
userspace OpenBSM 1.1alpha5 code still depends on it.  Once userspace
is updated, I'll GCC the kernel constant.

MFC after:		2 weeks
Sponsored by:		Apple, Inc.
Obtained from:		TrustedBSD Project
Portions submitted by:	sson
2009-04-19 14:53:17 +00:00
Robert Watson
fe69399069 Merge new kernel files from OpenBSM 1.1: audit_fcntl.h and
audit_bsm_fcntl.c contain utility routines to map local fcntl
commands into BSM constants.  Adaptation to the FreeBSD kernel
environment will follow in a future commit.

Sponsored by:	Apple, Inc.
Obtained from:	TrustedBSD Project
MFC after:	2 weeks
2009-04-16 20:17:32 +00:00
Robert Watson
2f106d5e08 Remove D_NEEDGIANT from audit pipes. I'm actually not sure why this was
here, but isn't needed.

MFC after:	2 weeks
Sponsored by:	Apple, Inc.
2009-04-16 11:57:16 +00:00
Robert Watson
b3f468e253 Add a new thread-private flag, TDP_AUDITREC, to indicate whether or
not there is an audit record hung off of td_ar on the current thread.
Test this flag instead of td_ar when auditing syscall arguments or
checking for an audit record to commit on syscall return.  Under
these circumstances, td_pflags is much more likely to be in the cache
(especially if there is no auditing of the current system call), so
this should help reduce cache misses in the system call return path.

MFC after:      1 week
Reported by:    kris
Obtained from:  TrustedBSD Project
2009-03-09 10:45:58 +00:00
Robert Watson
6f6174a762 Improve the consistency of MAC Framework and MAC policy entry point
naming by renaming certain "proc" entry points to "cred" entry points,
reflecting their manipulation of credentials.  For some entry points,
the process was passed into the framework but not into policies; in
these cases, stop passing in the process since we don't need it.

  mac_proc_check_setaudit -> mac_cred_check_setaudit
  mac_proc_check_setaudit_addr -> mac_cred_check_setaudit_addr
  mac_proc_check_setauid -> mac_cred_check_setauid
  mac_proc_check_setegid -> mac_cred_check_setegid
  mac_proc_check_seteuid -> mac_cred_check_seteuid
  mac_proc_check_setgid -> mac_cred_check_setgid
  mac_proc_check_setgroups -> mac_cred_ceck_setgroups
  mac_proc_check_setregid -> mac_cred_check_setregid
  mac_proc_check_setresgid -> mac_cred_check_setresgid
  mac_proc_check_setresuid -> mac_cred_check_setresuid
  mac_proc_check_setreuid -> mac_cred_check_setreuid
  mac_proc_check_setuid -> mac_cred_check_setuid

Obtained from:	TrustedBSD Project
Sponsored by:	Google, Inc.
2009-03-08 10:58:37 +00:00
Robert Watson
06edd2f1e8 Merge OpenBSM 1.1 beta 1 from OpenBSM vendor branch to head, both
contrib/openbsm (svn merge) and src/sys/{bsm,security/audit} (manual
merge).

OpenBSM history for imported revision below for reference.

MFC after:      1 month
Sponsored by:   Apple, Inc.
Obtained from:  TrustedBSD Project

OpenBSM 1.1 beta 1

- The filesz parameter in audit_control(5) now accepts suffixes: 'B' for
  Bytes, 'K' for Kilobytes, 'M' for Megabytes, and 'G' for Gigabytes.
  For legacy support no suffix defaults to bytes.
- Audit trail log expiration support added.  It is configured in
  audit_control(5) with the expire-after parameter.  If there is no
  expire-after parameter in audit_control(5), the default, then the audit
  trail files are not expired and removed.  See audit_control(5) for
  more information.
- Change defaults in audit_control: warn at 5% rather than 20% free for audit
  partitions, rotate automatically at 2mb, and set the default policy to
  cnt,argv rather than cnt so that execve(2) arguments are captured if
  AUE_EXECVE events are audited.  These may provide more usable defaults for
  many users.
- Use au_domain_to_bsm(3) and au_socket_type_to_bsm(3) to convert
  au_to_socket_ex(3) arguments to BSM format.
- Fix error encoding AUT_IPC_PERM tokens.
2009-03-02 13:29:18 +00:00
Robert Watson
8f8dedbed8 Set the lower bound on queue size for an audit pipe to 1 instead of 0,
as an audit pipe with a queue length of 0 is less useful.

Obtained from:	TrustedBSD Project
Sponsored by:	Apple, Inc.
MFC after:	1 week
2009-02-08 15:38:31 +00:00
Robert Watson
f4f93a63f5 Change various routines that are responsible for transforming audit
event IDs based on arguments to return au_event_t rather than int.

Obtained from:	TrustedBSD Project
Sponsored by:	Apple, Inc.
MFC after:	1 week
2009-02-08 14:39:35 +00:00
Robert Watson
8b14aeee4b Audit AUE_MAC_EXECVE; currently just the standard AUE_EXECVE arguments
and not the label.

Obtained from:	TrustedBSD Project
Sponsored by:	Apple, Inc.
MFC after:	1 week
2009-02-08 14:24:35 +00:00
Robert Watson
4ba1f444c5 Audit the flag argument to the nfssvc(2) system call.
Obtained from:	TrustedBSD Project
Sponsored by:	Apple, Inc.
2009-02-08 14:04:08 +00:00
Robert Watson
91e832e0c3 Eliminate the local variable 'ape' in audit_pipe_kqread(), as it's only
used for an assertion that we don't really need anymore.

MFC after:	1 week
Reported by:	Christoph Mallon <christoph dot mallon at gmx dot de>
2009-02-04 19:56:37 +00:00
Robert Watson
07cd9ab013 Update copyright, P4 version number as audit_bsm_token.c reflects changes
in bsm_token.c through #86 from OpenBSM.

MFC after:	1 month
Sponsored by:	Apple, Inc.
Obtained from:	TrustedBSD Project
2009-01-14 12:16:14 +00:00
Robert Watson
c74c7b73a0 Merge OpenBSM alpha 5 from OpenBSM vendor branch to head, both
contrib/openbsm (svn merge) and src/sys/{bsm,security/audit} (manual
merge).  Hook up bsm_domain.c and bsm_socket_type.c to the libbsm
build along with man pages, add audit_bsm_domain.c and
audit_bsm_socket_type.c to the kernel environment.

OpenBSM history for imported revisions below for reference.

MFC after:      1 month
Sponsored by:   Apple Inc.
Obtained from:  TrustedBSD Project

OpenBSM 1.1 alpha 5

- Stub libauditd(3) man page added.
- All BSM error number constants with BSM_ERRNO_.
- Interfaces to convert between local and BSM socket types and protocol
  families have been added: au_bsm_to_domain(3), au_bsm_to_socket_type(3),
  au_domain_to_bsm(3), and au_socket_type_to_bsm(3), along with definitions
  of constants in audit_domain.h and audit_socket_type.h.  This improves
  interoperability by converting local constant spaces, which vary by OS, to
  and from Solaris constants (where available) or OpenBSM constants for
  protocol domains not present in Solaris (a fair number).  These routines
  should be used when generating and interpreting extended socket tokens.
- Fix build warnings with full gcc warnings enabled on most supported
  platforms.
- Don't compile error strings into bsm_errno.c when building it in the kernel
  environment.
- When started by launchd, use the label com.apple.auditd rather than
  org.trustedbsd.auditd.
2009-01-14 10:44:16 +00:00
Robert Watson
d423f266c4 Do a lockless read of the audit pipe list before grabbing the audit pipe
lock in order to avoid the lock acquire hit if the pipe list is very
likely empty.

Obtained from:	TrustedBSD Project
MFC after:	3 weeks
Sponsored by:	Apple, Inc.
2009-01-06 14:15:38 +00:00
Robert Watson
cd6bbe656e In AUDIT_SYSCALL_EXIT(), invoke audit_syscall_exit() only if an audit
record is active on the current thread--historically we may always
have wanted to enter the audit code if auditing was enabled, but now
we just commit the audit record so don't need to enter if there isn't
one.

Obtained from:	TrustedBSD Project
Sponsored by:	Apple, Inc.
2009-01-06 13:59:59 +00:00
Robert Watson
efcde1e8c7 Fix white space botch: use carriage returns rather than tabs. 2008-12-31 23:22:45 +00:00
Robert Watson
3c36dc8159 Commit two files missed in previous commit: hook up audit_bsm_errno.c
and adapt for kernel build environment.

Obtained from:	TrustedBSD Project
Sponsored by:	Apple, Inc.
2008-12-31 13:56:31 +00:00
Robert Watson
fcdb2e9607 Call au_errno_to_bsm() on the errno value passed into au_to_return32()
to convert local FreeBSD error numbers into BSM error numbers.

Obtained from:	TrustedBSD Project
2008-12-31 11:56:35 +00:00
Robert Watson
7a0a89d2cb Merge OpenBSM alpha 4 from OpenBSM vendor branch to head, both
contrib/openbsm (svn merge) and src/sys/{bsm,security/audit} (manual
merge).  Add libauditd build parts and add to auditd's linkage;
force libbsm to build before libauditd.

OpenBSM history for imported revisions below for reference.

MFC after:      1 month
Sponsored by:   Apple Inc.
Obtained from:  TrustedBSD Project

OpenBSM 1.1 alpha 4

- With the addition of BSM error number mapping, we also need to map the
  local error number passed to audit_submit(3) to a BSM error number,
  rather than have the caller perform that conversion.
- Reallocate user audit events to avoid collisions with Solaris; adopt a
  more formal allocation scheme, and add some events allocated in Solaris
  that will be of immediate use on other platforms.
- Add an event for Calife.
- Add au_strerror(3), which allows generating strings for BSM errors
  directly, rather than requiring applications to map to the local error
  space, which might not be able to entirely represent the BSM error
  number space.
- Major auditd rewrite for launchd(8) support.  Add libauditd library
  that is shared between launchd and auditd.
- Add AUDIT_TRIGGER_INITIALIZE trigger (sent via 'audit -i') for
  (re)starting auditing under launchd(8) on Mac OS X.
- Add 'current' symlink to active audit trail.
- Add crash recovery of previous audit trail file when detected on audit
  startup that it has not been properly terminated.
- Add the event AUE_audit_recovery to indicated when an audit trail file
  has been recovered from not being properly terminated.  This event is
  stored in the new audit trail file and includes the path of recovered
  audit trail file.
- Mac OS X and FreeBSD dependent code in auditd.c is separated into
  auditd_darwin.c and auditd_fbsd.c files.
- Add an event for the posix_spawn(2) and fsgetpath(2) Mac OS X system
  calls.
- For Mac OS X, we use ASL(3) instead of syslog(3) for logging.
- Add support for NOTICE level logging.

OpenBSM 1.1 alpha 3

- Add two new functions, au_bsm_to_errno() and au_errno_to_bsm(), to map
  between BSM error numbers (largely the Solaris definitions) and local
  errno(2) values for 32-bit and 64-bit return tokens.  This is required
  as operating systems don't agree on some of the values of more recent
  error numbers.
- Fix a bug how au_to_exec_args(3) and au_to_exec_env(3) calculates the
  total size for the token.  This buge.
- Deprecated Darwin constants, such as TRAILER_PAD_MAGIC, removed.
2008-12-31 11:12:24 +00:00
Robert Watson
52267f7411 Merge OpenBSM 1.1 alpha 2 from the OpenBSM vendor branch to head, both
contrib/openbsm (svn merge) and sys/{bsm,security/audit} (manual merge).

- Add OpenBSM contrib tree to include paths for audit(8) and auditd(8).
- Merge support for new tokens, fixes to existing token generation to
  audit_bsm_token.c.
- Synchronize bsm includes and definitions.

OpenBSM history for imported revisions below for reference.

MFC after:      1 month
Sponsored by:   Apple Inc.
Obtained from:  TrustedBSD Project

--

OpenBSM 1.1 alpha 2

- Include files in OpenBSM are now broken out into two parts: library builds
  required solely for user space, and system includes, which may also be
  required for use in the kernels of systems integrating OpenBSM.  Submitted
  by Stacey Son.
- Configure option --with-native-includes allows forcing the use of native
  include for system includes, rather than the versions bundled with OpenBSM.
  This is intended specifically for platforms that ship OpenBSM, have adapted
  versions of the system includes in a kernel source tree, and will use the
  OpenBSM build infrastructure with an unmodified OpenBSM distribution,
  allowing the customized system includes to be used with the OpenBSM build.
  Submitted by Stacey Son.
- Various strcpy()'s/strcat()'s have been changed to strlcpy()'s/strlcat()'s
  or asprintf().  Added compat/strlcpy.h for Linux.
- Remove compatibility defines for old Darwin token constant names; now only
  BSM token names are provided and used.
- Add support for extended header tokens, which contain space for information
  on the host generating the record.
- Add support for setting extended host information in the kernel, which is
  used for setting host information in extended header tokens.  The
  audit_control file now supports a "host" parameter which can be used by
  auditd to set the information; if not present, the kernel parameters won't
  be set and auditd uses unextended headers for records that it generates.

OpenBSM 1.1 alpha 1

- Add option to auditreduce(1) which allows users to invert sense of
  matching, such that BSM records that do not match, are selected.
- Fix bug in audit_write() where we commit an incomplete record in the
  event there is an error writing the subject token.  This was submitted
  by Diego Giagio.
- Build support for Mac OS X 10.5.1 submitted by Eric Hall.
- Fix a bug which resulted in host XML attributes not being arguments so
  that const strings can be passed as arguments to tokens.  This patch was
  submitted by Xin LI.
- Modify the -m option so users can select more then one audit event.
- For Mac OS X, added Mach IPC support for audit trigger messages.
- Fixed a bug in getacna() which resulted in a locking problem on Mac OS X.
- Added LOG_PERROR flag to openlog when -d option is used with auditd.
- AUE events added for Mac OS X Leopard system calls.
2008-12-02 23:26:43 +00:00
Christian S.J. Peron
5ac14ef177 Partially roll back a revision which changed the error code being returned
by getaudit(2).  Some applications such has su, id will interpret E2BIG as
requiring the use of getaudit_addr(2) to pull extended audit state (ip6)
from the kernel.

This change un-breaks the ABI when auditing has been activated on a system
and the users are logged in via ip6.

This is a RELENG_7_1 candidate.

MFC after:	1 day
Discussed with:	rwatson
2008-11-30 19:58:03 +00:00
Robert Watson
a760c0b245 Regularize /* FALLTHROUGH */ comments in the BSM event type switch, and
add one that was missing.

MFC after:	3 weeks
Coverity ID:	3960
2008-11-25 11:25:45 +00:00
Robert Watson
e6870c95e3 When repeatedly accessing a thread credential, cache the credential
pointer in a local thread.  While this is unlikely to significantly
improve performance given modern compiler behavior, it makes the code
more readable and reduces diffs to the Mac OS X version of the same
code (which stores things in creds in the same way, but where the
cred for a thread is reached quite differently).

Discussed with: sson
MFC after:      1 month
Sponsored by:   Apple Inc.
Obtained from:	TrustedBSD Project
2008-11-14 01:24:52 +00:00
Robert Watson
618521b1a2 The audit queue limit variables are size_t, so use size_t for the audit
queue length variables as well, avoiding storing the limit in a larger
type than the length.

Submitted by:	sson
Sponsored by:	Apple Inc.
MFC after:	1 week
2008-11-13 00:21:01 +00:00
Robert Watson
4ebff7e0ca Move audit-internal function definitions for getting and setting audit
kinfo state to audit_private.h.
2008-11-11 23:08:20 +00:00
Robert Watson
91721ee9ba Minor style tweaks and change lock name string to use _'s and not spaces
to improve parseability.
2008-11-11 22:59:40 +00:00