-P was introduced in 4.4BSD-Lite2 around 1994. It overwrote file contents
with a pass of 0xff, 0x00, then 0xff, in a low effort attempt to "really
delete" files.
It has no user-visible effect; at the end of the day, the file is unlinked via
the filesystem. Furthermore, the utility of overwriting files with patterned
data is extremely limited due to caveats at every layer of the stack[0] and
therefore mostly futile. At the least, three passes is likely wasteful on
modern hardware[1]. It could also be seen as a violation of the "Unix
Philosophy" to do one thing per tiny, composable program.
Since 1994, FreeBSD has left it alone; OpenBSD replaced it with a single
pass of arc4random(3) output in 2012[2]; and NetBSD implemented partial, but
explicitly incomplete support for U.S. DoD 5220.22-M, "National Industrial
Security Program Operating Manual" in 2004[3].
NetBSD's enhanced comment above rm_overwrite makes a strong case for removing
the flag entirely:
> This is an expensive way to keep people from recovering files from your
> non-snapshotted FFS filesystems using fsdb(8). Really. No more.
>
> It is impossible to actually conform to the exact procedure given in
> [NISPOM] if one is overwriting a file, not an entire disk, because the
> procedure requires examination and comparison of the disk's defect lists.
> Any program that claims to securely erase *files* while conforming to the
> standard, then, is not correct.
>
> Furthermore, the presence of track caches, disk and controller write
> caches, and so forth make it extremely difficult to ensure that data have
> actually been written to the disk, particularly when one tries to repeatedly
> overwrite the same sectors in quick succession. We call fsync(), but
> controllers with nonvolatile cache, as well as IDE disks that just plain lie
> about the stable storage of data, will defeat this.
>
> [NISPOM] requires physical media destruction, rather than any technique of
> the sort attempted here, for secret data.
As a first step towards evental removal, make it a placebo. It's not like
it was serving any security function. It is not defined in or mentioned by
POSIX.
If you are security conscious and need to erase your files, use a
woodchipper. At a minimum, the entire disk needs to be overwritten, not
just one file.
[0]: https://www.ru.nl/publish/pages/909282/draft-paper.pdf
[1]: https://commons.erau.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1131&context=jdfsl
[2]: https://github.com/openbsd/src/commit/7c5c57ba81b5fe8ff2d4899ff643af18c
[3]: https://github.com/NetBSD/src/commit/fdf0a7a25e59af958fca1e2159921562cd
Reviewed by: markj, Daniel O'Connor <darius AT dons.net.au> (previous version)
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D17906
The difference between EXERROR and EXEXEC was that EXEXEC passed along
exitstatus and EXERROR set exitstatus to 2 in the handling code.
By changing the places that raised EXERROR to set exitstatus to 2, the
handling of EXERROR and EXEXEC becomes the same.
You should not be using DES. You should not have been using DES for the
past 30 years.
The ed DES-CBC scheme lacked several desirable properties of a sealed
document system, even ignoring DES itself. In particular, it did not
provide the "integrity" cryptographic property (detection of tampering), and
it treated ASCII passwords as 64-bit keys (instead of using a KDF like
scrypt or PBKDF2).
Some general approaches ed(1) users might consider to replace the removed
DES mode:
1. Full disk encryption with something like AES-XTS. This is easy to
conceptualize, design, and implement, and it provides confidentiality for
data at rest. Like CBC, it lacks tampering protection. Examples include
GELI, LUKS, FileVault2.
2. Encrypted overlay ("stackable") filesystems (EncFS, PEFS?, CryptoFS,
others).
3. Native encryption at the filesystem layer. Ext4/F2FS, ZFS, APFS, and
NTFS all have some flavor of this.
4. Storing your files unencrypted. It's not like DES was doing you much
good.
If you have DES-CBC scrambled files produced by ed(1) prior to this change,
you may decrypt them with:
openssl des-cbc -d -iv 0 -K <key in hex> -in <inputfile> -out <plaintext>
Reviewed by: allanjude, bapt, emaste
Sponsored by: Dell EMC Isilon
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D17829
- Use Xr to reference other manual pages.
- Reference execve(2) instead of exec(2) as exec(2) does not exist.
- Remove the deprecated "Tn" macro.
- Improve the formatting of the etime description.
Reviewed by: bcr
Approved by: krion (mentor, implicit), mat (mentor, implicit)
MFC after: 3 days
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D17780
They only make sense in the context of directory ACLs, and attempting
to set them on regular files results in errors, causing a recursive
setfacl invocation to abort.
This is derived from patches by Shawn Webb <shawn.webb@hardenedbsd.org>
and Mitchell Horne <mhorne063@gmail.com>.
PR: 155163
MFC after: 2 weeks
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D15061
Output padding is specified via outlen, which is set using the return value
of fprintf. Because it's printing that padding plus a trailing byte, it
grows by one each iteration rather than reflecting actual length.
Additionally, iec was sized improperly for scaling up similarly to si.
Fixing this revealed that the humanize_number(3) call to populate persec
was using the wrong width.
Submitted by: Thomas Hurst <tom@hur.st>
Reviewed by: imp
Approved by: re (kib)
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16960
Restore the original behavior of unlink(1), passing the provided filename
directly to unlink(2), handling the first argument being "--" correctly.
This fixes "unlink -foo", broken in r97533.
PR: 228448
Submitted by: Brennan Vincent <brennan@umanwizard.com> (original version)
Submitted by: Yuri Pankov
Reported by: Brennan Vincent <brennan@umanwizard.com>
Reviewed by: emaste, kevans, vangyzen, 0mp
Approved by: re (delphij)
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D17132
The intention is to lower the value of the pointer, which according to ubsan
cannot be done by adding an unsigned quantity.
Reported by: kevans
Approved by: re (kib)
MFC after: 1 week
These aliases are supported and documented in the man page. For now, they
will not be mentioned in the error when an invalid argument is encountered,
instead keeping that list to the shorter 'preferred' names of each argument.
Reported by: rgrimes
--color may be set to one of: 'auto', 'always', and 'never'.
'auto' is the default behavior- output colors only if -G or COLORTERM are
set, and only if stdout is a tty.
'always' is a new behavior- output colors always. termcap(5) will be
consulted unless TERM is unset or not a recognized terminal, in which case
ls(1) will fall back to explicitly outputting ANSI escape sequences.
'never' to turn off any environment variable and -G usage.
Reviewed by: cem, 0mp (both modulo last-minute manpage changes
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16741
CLICOLOR will behavior as always- if present at all in the environment,
allow colors.
COLORTERM, recently enforced, will have to be both present and not empty.
Submitted by: imp
This fixes the build and I will redo these changes as part of a future review
that organizes them differently. The way I tried to do it here could be done
better. Sorry for the noise.
Approved by: will (mentor)
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16737
Notable changes from what landed in r337505:
- sigalarm handler isn't setup unless we're actually using it
- Humanized versions of the amount of data transferred in the progress
update
Submitted by: imp
Reviewed by: kevans
MFC after: 1 week
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16642
This moves the symlink creation to after where the files are installed.
This also inverts the shell change so that it only happens if MK_TCSH is on.
Approved by: will (mentor)
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16725
This simplifies pkgbase by migrating these to CONFS so they are properly
tagged as config files.
Approved by: will (mentor)
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16708
COLORTERM is the de facto standard, while CLICOLOR is generally specific to
FreeBSD and ls(1).
PR: 230101
Submitted by: D Green <dfrg@xsmail.com> (with manpage additions by myself)
Reviewed by: cem ("LGTM" in PR; pre-manpage changes)
MFC after: 1 week
This reports the current status on a single line every second, mirroring
similar functionality in GNU dd, and carefully interacts with SIGINFO.
PR: 229615
Submitted by: Thomas Hurst <tom@hur.st> (modified for style(9) nits by me)
MFC after: 1 week
Using padvance() requires undoing its append of '/' and prevents adjusting
its '%' logic to allow most directories with '%' in PATH.
No functional change is intended.
These are not used to link the final tool anymore. At some point in the past
the suffix rules changed to not link these in. The original reason for this in
r19176 is unclear but seems to be related to mkdep. The .depend handling is
still broken here as it is for all build tool patterns like this.
Sponsored by: Dell EMC
POSIX requires accepting unquoted newlines in word in parameter expansions
like ${param+word}, ${param#word}, although the Bourne shell did not support
it, it is not commonly used and might make it harder to find a missing
closing brace.
It was also strange that something like
foo="${bar#
}"
was rejected.
Reported by: Martijn Dekker via Robert Elz
Add a -R option to setfacl to operate recursively on directories, along
with the accompanying flags -H, -L, and -P (whose behaviour mimics
chmod).
A patch was submitted with PR 155163, but this is a new implementation
based on comments raised in the Phabricator review for that patch
(review D9096).
PR: 155163
Submitted by: Mitchell Horne <mhorne063@gmail.com>
Reviewed by: jilles
MFC after: 2 weeks
Relnotes: Yes
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14934
Apply patch submitted with PR 217159 to make ps use unlimited
width when not associated with a terminal (i.e., none of stdout, stdin,
or stderr is a tty). Update comments and man page correspondingly.
This change was requested to work around lack of -ww in scripts from
third-party packages, including Hadoop, and adds a small measure of
Linux compatibility. Hopefully few if any non-interactive scripts
depend on the old default of 79.
PR: 217159
Submitted by: n.deepak at gmail.com
Reviewed by: vangyzen jhb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14614
