Changes include modifications in kernel crash dump routines, dumpon(8) and
savecore(8). A new tool called decryptcore(8) was added.
A new DIOCSKERNELDUMP I/O control was added to send a kernel crash dump
configuration in the diocskerneldump_arg structure to the kernel.
The old DIOCSKERNELDUMP I/O control was renamed to DIOCSKERNELDUMP_FREEBSD11 for
backward ABI compatibility.
dumpon(8) generates an one-time random symmetric key and encrypts it using
an RSA public key in capability mode. Currently only AES-256-CBC is supported
but EKCD was designed to implement support for other algorithms in the future.
The public key is chosen using the -k flag. The dumpon rc(8) script can do this
automatically during startup using the dumppubkey rc.conf(5) variable. Once the
keys are calculated dumpon sends them to the kernel via DIOCSKERNELDUMP I/O
control.
When the kernel receives the DIOCSKERNELDUMP I/O control it generates a random
IV and sets up the key schedule for the specified algorithm. Each time the
kernel tries to write a crash dump to the dump device, the IV is replaced by
a SHA-256 hash of the previous value. This is intended to make a possible
differential cryptanalysis harder since it is possible to write multiple crash
dumps without reboot by repeating the following commands:
# sysctl debug.kdb.enter=1
db> call doadump(0)
db> continue
# savecore
A kernel dump key consists of an algorithm identifier, an IV and an encrypted
symmetric key. The kernel dump key size is included in a kernel dump header.
The size is an unsigned 32-bit integer and it is aligned to a block size.
The header structure has 512 bytes to match the block size so it was required to
make a panic string 4 bytes shorter to add a new field to the header structure.
If the kernel dump key size in the header is nonzero it is assumed that the
kernel dump key is placed after the first header on the dump device and the core
dump is encrypted.
Separate functions were implemented to write the kernel dump header and the
kernel dump key as they need to be unencrypted. The dump_write function encrypts
data if the kernel was compiled with the EKCD option. Encrypted kernel textdumps
are not supported due to the way they are constructed which makes it impossible
to use the CBC mode for encryption. It should be also noted that textdumps don't
contain sensitive data by design as a user decides what information should be
dumped.
savecore(8) writes the kernel dump key to a key.# file if its size in the header
is nonzero. # is the number of the current core dump.
decryptcore(8) decrypts the core dump using a private RSA key and the kernel
dump key. This is performed by a child process in capability mode.
If the decryption was not successful the parent process removes a partially
decrypted core dump.
Description on how to encrypt crash dumps was added to the decryptcore(8),
dumpon(8), rc.conf(5) and savecore(8) manual pages.
EKCD was tested on amd64 using bhyve and i386, mipsel and sparc64 using QEMU.
The feature still has to be tested on arm and arm64 as it wasn't possible to run
FreeBSD due to the problems with QEMU emulation and lack of hardware.
Designed by: def, pjd
Reviewed by: cem, oshogbo, pjd
Partial review: delphij, emaste, jhb, kib
Approved by: pjd (mentor)
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4712
- dumpon utility has not used kern.dumpdev sysctl
since rev. 1.14 (sbin/dumpon/dumpon.c) when phk@
updated it to use the DIOCSKERNELDUMP ioctl [1]
- remove obsolete reference to sysctl(3)
While I am there, fix two style nits:
- use .Nm instead of `dumpon'
- change NOTES to IMPLEMENTATION NOTES, to bring
it in line with recommended section headings in
mdoc(7)
Original patch by: Martin Faxer <gmh003532brfmasthugget.se> [1]
PR: docs/39293
Approved and Reviewed by: des (mentor), re (scottl, bmah)
This allows obtaining crash dumps from the panics occured during late stages
of kernel initialisation before system enters into single-user mode.
MFC after: 2 weeks
* Remove the text which states only devices with minor number 1 can be used
- this is no longer true.
* Mention that dumpon(8) cannot be used to capture dumps from panics during
kernel initialization.
* /dev/wd -> /dev/ad
PR: 19848
Submitted by: Udo Erdelhoff <ue@nathan.ruhr.de>
Reviewed by: sheldonh
least one reviewer is now unhappy with, since it contains incomplete
and misleading advice that is not easy to correct.
The net effect of this commit and the previous commit is to simply
remove all discussion of setting dumpdev to catch crash dumps
prior to entering user mode.
This will make a number of things easier in the future, as well as (finally!)
avoiding the Id-smashing problem which has plagued developers for so long.
Boy, I'm glad we're not using sup anymore. This update would have been
insane otherwise.
Corrected some bogus cross references to man pages that we don't/won't
have and either deleted them, or found a more appropriate man page
that we do have. Various other minor changes to silence manck.
Manck is currently down to about 200 lines of errors, down from
the 500 - 600+ when I started all this.
