.\" .\" Copyright (c) 1996 SigmaSoft, Th. Lockert .\" All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software .\" must display the following acknowledgement: .\" This product includes software developed by SigmaSoft, Th. Lockert. .\" 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products .\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES .\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. .\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, .\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT .\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, .\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY .\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT .\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF .\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" $FreeBSD$ .\" $OpenBSD: tar.1,v 1.33 2001/05/01 17:58:01 aaron Exp $ .\" .Dd February 7, 2001 .Dt TAR 1 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm tar .Nd tape archiver .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm .Sm off .Op Fl .Brq Cm crtux .Op Cm befhmopqsvwzHLOPXZ014578 .Sm on .Op Ar blocksize .Op Ar archive .Op Ar replstr .\" XXX how to do this right? .Op Fl C Ar directory .Op Fl I Ar file .Op Ar .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm command creates, adds files to, or extracts files from an archive file in .Nm format. A .Nm archive is often stored on a magnetic tape, but can be stored equally well on a floppy, CD-ROM, or in a regular disk file. .Pp One of the following flags must be present: .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl c Create new archive, or overwrite an existing archive, adding the specified files to it. .It Fl r Append the named new files to existing archive. Note that this will only work on media on which an end-of-file mark can be overwritten. .It Fl t List contents of archive. If any files are named on the command line, only those files will be listed. .It Fl u Alias for .Fl r . .It Fl x Extract files from archive. If any files are named on the command line, only those files will be extracted from the archive. If more than one copy of a file exists in the archive, later copies will overwrite earlier copies during extraction. The file mode and modification time are preserved if possible. The file mode is subject to modification by the .Xr umask 2 . .El .Pp In addition to the flags mentioned above, any of the following flags may be used: .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl b Ar "blocking factor" Set blocking factor to use for the archive, with 512 byte blocks. The default is 20, the maximum is 126. Archives with a blocking factor larger 63 violate the .Tn POSIX standard and will not be portable to all systems. .It Fl e Stop after first error. .It Fl f Ar archive Filename where the archive is stored. Defaults to .Pa /dev/rst0 . .It Fl h Follow symbolic links as if they were normal files or directories. .It Fl j Compress archives using .Xr bzip2 1 . .It Fl m Do not preserve modification time. .It Fl O Write old-style .Pq non- Ns Tn POSIX archives. .It Fl o Don't write directory information that the older (V7) style .Nm is unable to decode. This implies the .Fl O flag. .It Fl p Preserve user and group ID as well as file mode regardless of the current .Xr umask 2 . The setuid and setgid bits are only preserved if the user is the superuser. Only meaningful in conjunction with the .Fl x flag. .It Fl q Select the first archive member that matches each .Ar pattern operand. No more than one archive member is matched for each .Ar pattern . When members of type directory are matched, the file hierarchy rooted at that directory is also matched. .It Fl s Ar replstr Modify the file or archive member names specified by the .Ar pattern or .Ar file operands according to the substitution expression .Ar replstr , using the syntax of the .Xr ed 1 utility regular expressions. The format of these regular expressions are: .Dl /old/new/[gp] As in .Xr ed 1 , .Cm old is a basic regular expression and .Cm new can contain an ampersand .Pq Ql & , .Li \e Ns Ar n (where .Ar n is a digit) back-references, or subexpression matching. The .Cm old string may also contain newline characters. Any non-null character can be used as a delimiter .Ql ( / is shown here). Multiple .Fl s expressions can be specified. The expressions are applied in the order they are specified on the command line, terminating with the first successful substitution. The optional trailing .Cm g continues to apply the substitution expression to the pathname substring which starts with the first character following the end of the last successful substitution. The first unsuccessful substitution stops the operation of the .Cm g option. The optional trailing .Cm p will cause the final result of a successful substitution to be written to standard error in the following format: .Pp .Dl >> .Pp File or archive member names that substitute to the empty string are not selected and will be skipped. .It Fl v Verbose operation mode. .It Fl w Interactively rename files. This option causes .Nm to prompt the user for the filename to use when storing or extracting files in an archive. .It Fl y Compress archives using .Xr bzip2 1 . .It Fl z Compress archive using .Xr gzip 1 . .It Fl C Ar directory This is a positional argument which sets the working directory for the following files. When extracting, files will be extracted into the specified directory; when creating, the specified files will be matched from the directory. .It Fl H Follow symlinks given on command line only. .It Fl L Follow all symlinks. .It Fl P Do not strip leading slashes .Pq Ql / from pathnames. The default is to strip leading slashes. .It Fl I Ar file This is a positional argument which reads the names of files to archive or extract from the given file, one per line. .It Fl X Do not cross mount points in the filesystem. .It Fl Z Compress archive using .Xr compress 1 . .El .Pp The options .Op Fl 014578 can be used to select one of the compiled-in backup devices, .Pa /dev/rst Ns Ar N . .Sh ENVIRONMENT .Bl -tag -width TMPDIR .It Ev TMPDIR Path in which to store temporary files. .It Ev TAPE Default tape device to use instead of .Pa /dev/rst0 . .El .Sh FILES .Bl -tag -width "/dev/rst0" .It Pa /dev/rst0 default archive name .El .Sh DIAGNOSTICS The .Nm utility will exit with one of the following values: .Bl -tag -width 2n .It 0 All files were processed successfully. .It 1 An error occurred. .El .Pp Whenever .Nm cannot create a file or a link when extracting an archive or cannot find a file while writing an archive, or cannot preserve the user ID, group ID, file mode, or access and modification times when the .Fl p option is specified, a diagnostic message is written to standard error and a non-zero exit value will be returned, but processing will continue. In the case where .Nm cannot create a link to a file, .Nm will not create a second copy of the file. .Pp If the extraction of a file from an archive is prematurely terminated by a signal or error, .Nm may have only partially extracted the file the user wanted. Additionally, the file modes of extracted files and directories may have incorrect file bits, and the modification and access times may be wrong. .Pp If the creation of an archive is prematurely terminated by a signal or error, .Nm may have only partially created the archive which may violate the specific archive format specification. .Sh COMPATIBILITY The .Fl L flag is not portable to other versions of .Nm where it may have a different meaning. .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr cpio 1 , .Xr pax 1 .Sh HISTORY A .Nm command first appeared in .At v7 . .Sh AUTHORS .An Keith Muller at the University of California, San Diego.