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.\"	@(#)systat.1	8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93
.\"
.Dd September 9, 1997
.Dt SYSTAT 1
.Os BSD 4.3
.Sh NAME
.Nm systat
.Nd display system statistics on a crt
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Fl display
.Op Ar refresh-interval
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Systat
displays various system statistics in a screen oriented fashion
using the curses screen display library,
.Xr curses 3 .
.Pp
While
.Nm
is running the screen is usually divided into two windows (an exception
is the vmstat display which uses the entire screen).  The
upper window depicts the current system load average.  The
information displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on
user commands.  The last line on the screen is reserved for user
input and error messages.
.Pp
By default
.Nm
displays the processes getting the largest percentage of the processor
in the lower window.  Other displays show swap space usage, disk
.Tn I/O
statistics (a la
.Xr iostat  8  ) ,
virtual memory statistics (a la
.Xr vmstat  8  ) ,
network ``mbuf'' utilization,
.Tn ICMP
statistics, 
and network connections (a la
.Xr netstat  1  ) .
.Pp
Input is interpreted at two different levels.
A ``global'' command interpreter processes all keyboard input.
If this command interpreter fails to recognize a command, the
input line is passed to a per-display command interpreter.  This
allows each display to have certain display-specific commands.
.Pp
Command line options:
.Bl -tag -width "refresh_interval"
.It Fl Ns Ar display
The
.Fl
flag expects
.Ar display
to be one of:
.Ic pigs ,
.Ic icmp ,
.Ic iostat ,
.Ic swap ,
.Ic mbufs ,
.Ic vmstat
or
.Ic netstat .
These displays can also be requested interactively (without the
.Dq Fl )
and are described in
full detail below.
.It Ar refresh-interval
The
.Ar refresh-value
specifies the screen refresh time interval in seconds.
.El
.Pp
Certain characters cause immediate action by
.Nm systat  .
These are
.Bl -tag -width Fl
.It Ic \&^L
Refresh the screen.
.It Ic \&^G
Print the name of the current ``display'' being shown in
the lower window and the refresh interval.
.It Ic \&^Z
Stop
.Nm systat  .
.It Ic \&:
Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input
line typed as a command.  While entering a command the
current character erase, word erase, and line kill characters
may be used.
.El
.Pp
The following commands are interpreted by the ``global''
command interpreter.
.Bl -tag -width Fl
.It Ic help
Print the names of the available displays on the command line.
.It Ic load
Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes
on the command line.
.It Ic stop
Stop refreshing the screen.
.It Xo
.Op Ic start
.Op Ar number
.Xc
Start (continue) refreshing the screen.  If a second, numeric,
argument is provided it is interpreted as a refresh interval
(in seconds).
Supplying only a number will set the refresh interval to this
value.
.It Ic quit
Exit
.Nm systat  .
(This may be abbreviated to
.Ic q  . )
.El
.Pp
The available displays are:
.Bl -tag -width Ic
.It Ic pigs
Display, in the lower window, those processes resident in main
memory and getting the
largest portion of the processor (the default display).
When less than 100% of the
processor is scheduled to user processes, the remaining time
is accounted to the ``idle'' process.
.It Ic icmp
Display, in the lower window, statistics about messages received and
transmitted by the Internet Control Message Protocol
.Pq Dq Tn ICMP .
The left half of the screen displays information about received
packets, and the right half displays information regarding transmitted
packets.
.Pp
The
.Ic icmp
display understands two commands:
.Ic mode
and
.Ic reset .
The
.Ic mode
command is used to select one of four display modes, given as its argument:
.Bl -tag -width absoluteXX -compact
.It Ic rate :
show the rate of change of each value in packets (the default)
per second
.It Ic delta :
show the rate of change of each value in packets per refresh interval
.It Ic since :
show the total change of each value since the display was last reset
.It Ic absolute :
show the absolute value of each statistic
.El
.Pp
The
.Ic reset
command resets the baseline for
.Ic since
mode.  The
.Ic mode
command with no argument will display the current mode in the command
line.
.It Ic iostat
Display, in the lower window, statistics about processor use
and disk throughput.  Statistics on processor use appear as
bar graphs of the amount of time executing in user mode (``user''),
in user mode running low priority processes (``nice''), in
system mode (``system''), in interrupt mode (``interrupt''),
and idle (``idle'').  Statistics
on disk throughput show, for each drive, kilobytes of data transferred,
number of disk transactions performed, and average seek time
(in milliseconds).  This information may be displayed as
bar graphs or as rows of numbers which scroll downward.  Bar
graphs are shown by default.
.Pp
The following commands are specific to the
.Ic iostat
display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Cm numbers
Show the disk
.Tn I/O 
statistics in numeric form.  Values are
displayed in numeric columns which scroll downward.
.It Cm bars
Show the disk
.Tn I/O
statistics in bar graph form (default).
.It Cm msps
Toggle the display of average seek time (the default is to
not display seek times).
.El
.It Ic swap
Show information about swap space usage on all the 
swap areas compiled into the kernel.
The first column is the device name of the partition.
The next column is the total space available in the partition.
The 
.Ar Used
column indicates the total blocks used so far;
the graph shows the percentage of space in use on each partition.
If there are more than one swap partition in use,
a total line is also shown.
Areas known to the kernel, but not in use are shown as not available.
.It Ic mbufs
Display, in the lower window, the number of mbufs allocated
for particular uses, i.e. data, socket structures, etc.
.It Ic vmstat
Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded) compendium
of statistics related to virtual memory usage, process scheduling,
device interrupts, system name translation cacheing, disk
.Tn I/O
etc.
.Pp
The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number
of users logged in and the load average over the last one, five,
and fifteen minute intervals.
Below this line are statistics on memory utilization.
The first row of the table reports memory usage only among
active processes, that is processes that have run in the previous
twenty seconds.
The second row reports on memory usage of all processes.
The first column reports on the number of physical pages
claimed by processes.
The second column reports the number of physical pages that
are devoted to read only text pages.
The third and fourth columns report the same two figures for
virtual pages, that is the number of pages that would be
needed if all processes had all of their pages.
Finally the last column shows the number of physical pages
on the free list.
.Pp
Below the memory display is a list of the
average number of processes (over the last refresh interval)
that are runnable (`r'), in page wait (`p'),
in disk wait other than paging (`d'),
sleeping (`s'), and swapped out but desiring to run (`w').
Below the queue length listing is a numerical listing and
a bar graph showing the amount of
system (shown as `='), interrupt (shown as `+'), user (shown as `>'),
nice (shown as `-'), and idle time (shown as ` ').
.Pp
Below the process display are statistics on name translations.
It lists the number of names translated in the previous interval,
the number and percentage of the translations that were
handled by the system wide name translation cache, and
the number and percentage of the translations that were
handled by the per process name translation cache.
.Pp
At the bottom left is the disk usage display.
It reports the number of seeks, transfers, and number
of kilobyte blocks transferred per second averaged over the
refresh period of the display (by default, five seconds).
For some disks it also reports the average milliseconds per seek.
Note that the system only keeps statistics on at most eight disks
(this is controlled by the constant DK_NDRIVE in
.Pa /usr/include/sys/dkstat.h
as a kernel compile-time constant).
.Pp
Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are statistics
on paging and swapping activity.
The first two columns report the average number of pages
brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
due to page faults and the paging daemon.
The third and fourth columns report the average number of pages
brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
due to swap requests initiated by the scheduler.
The first row of the display shows the average
number of disk transfers per second over the last refresh interval;
the second row of the display shows the average
number of pages transferred per second over the last refresh interval.
.Pp
Below the paging statistics is a line listing the average number of
total reclaims ('Rec'),
intransit blocking page faults (`It'),
swap text pages found in free list (`F/S'),
file system text pages found in free list (`F/F'),
reclaims from free list
pages freed by the clock daemon (`Fre'),
and sequential process pages freed (`SFr')
per second over the refresh interval.
.Pp
Below this line are statistics on the average number of
zero filled pages (`zf') and demand filled text pages (`xf')
per second over the refresh period.
The first row indicates the number of requests that were
resolved, the second row shows the number that were set up,
and the last row shows the percentage of setup requests that were
actually used.
Note that this percentage is usually less than 100%,
however it may exceed 100% if a large number of requests
are actually used long after they were set up during a
period when no new pages are being set up.
Thus this figure is most interesting when observed over
a long time period, such as from boot time
(see below on getting such a display).
.Pp
Below the page fill statistics is a column that
lists the average number of context switches (`Csw'),
traps (`Trp'; includes page faults), system calls (`Sys'), interrupts (`Int'),
characters output to DZ ports using
.No pseudo Ns -DMA
(`Pdm'),
network software interrupts (`Sof'),
page faults (`Flt'), pages scanned by the page daemon (`Scn'),
and revolutions of the page daemon's hand (`Rev')
per second over the refresh interval.
.Pp
Running down the right hand side of the display is a breakdown
of the interrupts being handled by the system.
At the top of the list is the total interrupts per second
over the time interval.
The rest of the column breaks down the total on a device
by device basis.
Only devices that have interrupted at least once since boot time are shown.
.Pp
The following commands are specific to the
.Ic vmstat
display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
.It Cm boot
Display cumulative statistics since the system was booted.
.It Cm run
Display statistics as a running total from the point this
command is given.
.It Cm time
Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval (the default).
.It Cm zero
Reset running statistics to zero.
.El
.It Ic netstat
Display, in the lower window, network connections.  By default,
network servers awaiting requests are not displayed.  Each address
is displayed in the format ``host.port'', with each shown symbolically,
when possible.  It is possible to have addresses displayed numerically,
limit the display to a set of ports, hosts, and/or protocols
(the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied):
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
.It Cm all
Toggle the displaying of server processes awaiting requests (this
is the equivalent of the
.Fl a
flag to
.Ar netstat  1  ) .
.It Cm numbers
Display network addresses numerically.
.It Cm names
Display network addresses symbolically.
.It Ar protocol
Display only network connections using the indicated protocol
(currently either ``tcp'' or ``udp'').
.It Cm ignore Op Ar items
Do not display information about connections associated with
the specified hosts or ports.  Hosts and ports may be specified
by name (``vangogh'', ``ftp''), or numerically.  Host addresses
use the Internet dot notation (``128.32.0.9'').  Multiple items
may be specified with a single command by separating them with
spaces.
.It Cm display Op Ar items
Display information about the connections associated with the
specified hosts or ports.  As for
.Ar ignore  ,
.Op Ar items
may be names or numbers.
.It Cm show Op Ar ports\&|hosts
Show, on the command line, the currently selected protocols,
hosts, and ports.  Hosts and ports which are being ignored
are prefixed with a `!'.  If
.Ar ports
or
.Ar hosts
is supplied as an argument to
.Cm show  ,
then only the requested information will be displayed.
.It Cm reset
Reset the port, host, and protocol matching mechanisms to the default
(any protocol, port, or host).
.El
.El
.Pp
Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the
minimum unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''.
Certain information may be discarded when the screen size is
insufficient for display.  For example, on a machine with 10
drives the
.Ic iostat
bar graph displays only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal.  When
a bar graph would overflow the allotted screen space it is
truncated and the actual value is printed ``over top'' of the bar.
.Pp
The following commands are common to each display which shows
information about disk drives.  These commands are used to
select a set of drives to report on, should your system have
more drives configured than can normally be displayed on the
screen.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Tx -compact
.It Cm ignore Op Ar drives
Do not display information about the drives indicated.  Multiple
drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
.It Cm display Op Ar drives
Display information about the drives indicated.  Multiple drives
may be specified, separated by spaces.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr iostat 1 ,
.Xr netstat 1 ,
.Xr vmstat 1 ,
.Xr icmp 4
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width /etc/networks -compact
.It Pa /kernel
For the namelist.
.It Pa /dev/kmem
For information in main memory.
.It Pa /dev/drum
For information about swapped out processes.
.It Pa /etc/hosts
For host names.
.It Pa /etc/networks
For network names.
.It Pa /etc/services
For port names.
.El
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
program appeared in
.Bx 4.3 .
The
.Ic icmp
display appeared in
.Fx 3.0 ;
the notion of having different display modes for the
.Tn ICMP
statistics was stolen from the
.Fl C
option to
.Xr netstat 1
in Silicon Graphics'
.Tn IRIX
system.
.Sh BUGS
Takes 2-10 percent of the cpu.
Certain displays presume a minimum of 80 characters per line.
The
.Ic vmstat
display looks out of place because it is (it was added in as
a separate display rather than created as a new program).