566 lines
14 KiB
Groff
566 lines
14 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Portions of this manual page are Copyrighted by
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.\" The NetBSD Foundation.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)rc.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/11/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd April 23, 2016
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.Dt RC 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm rc
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.Nd command scripts for auto-reboot and daemon startup
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Nm rc.conf
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.Nm rc.conf.local
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.Nm rc.d/
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.Nm rc.firewall
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.Nm rc.local
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.Nm rc.shutdown
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.Nm rc.subr
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility is the command script which controls the automatic boot process
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after being called by
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.Xr init 8 .
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The
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.Nm rc.local
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script contains commands which are pertinent only
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to a specific site.
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Typically, the
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.Pa /usr/local/etc/rc.d/
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|
mechanism is used instead of
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.Nm rc.local
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|
these days but if
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you want to use
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.Nm rc.local ,
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it is still supported.
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|
In this case, it should source
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.Pa /etc/rc.conf
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and contain additional custom startup code for your system.
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|
The best way to handle
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.Nm rc.local ,
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however, is to separate it out into
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.Nm rc.d/
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|
style scripts and place them under
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.Pa /usr/local/etc/rc.d/ .
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|
The
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.Nm rc.conf
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file contains the global system configuration information referenced
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by the startup scripts, while
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.Nm rc.conf.local
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contains the local system configuration.
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|
See
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.Xr rc.conf 5
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for more information.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm rc.d/
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directories contain scripts which will be automatically
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executed at boot time and shutdown time.
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.Ss Operation of Nm
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.Bl -enum
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.It
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If autobooting, set
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.Va autoboot Ns = Ns Li yes
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and enable a flag
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.Pq Va rc_fast Ns = Ns Li yes ,
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|
which prevents the
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.Nm rc.d/
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scripts from performing the check for already running processes
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(thus speeding up the boot process).
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This
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|
.Va rc_fast Ns = Ns Li yes
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speedup will not occur when
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.Nm
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is started up after exiting the single-user shell.
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.It
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Determine whether the system is booting diskless,
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|
and if so run the
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.Pa /etc/rc.initdiskless
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|
script.
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|
.It
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Source
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.Pa /etc/rc.subr
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to load various
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.Xr rc.subr 8
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shell functions to use.
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.It
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Load the configuration files.
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|
.It
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Determine if booting in a jail,
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|
and add
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|
.Dq Li nojail
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|
(no jails allowed) or
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.Dq Li nojailvnet
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(only allow vnet-enabled jails) to the list of KEYWORDS to skip in
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.Xr rcorder 8 .
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|
.It
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If the file
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.Va ${firstboot_sentinel}
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does not exist, add
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.Dq Li firstboot
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to the list of KEYWORDS to skip in
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.Xr rcorder 8 .
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.It
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Invoke
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.Xr rcorder 8
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|
to order the files in
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.Pa /etc/rc.d/
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|
that do not have a
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|
.Dq Li nostart
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|
KEYWORD (refer to
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|
.Xr rcorder 8 Ns 's
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|
.Fl s
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|
flag).
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|
.It
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Call each script in turn using
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|
.Fn run_rc_script
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|
(from
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.Xr rc.subr 8 ) ,
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|
which sets
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.Va $1
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|
to
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|
.Dq Li start ,
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|
and sources the script in a subshell.
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|
If the script has a
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|
.Pa .sh
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suffix then it is sourced directly into the current shell.
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|
Stop processing when the script that is the value of the
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.Va $early_late_divider
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|
has been run.
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|
.It
|
|
Check again to see if the file
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|
.Va ${firstboot_sentinel}
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|
exists (in case it is located on a newly mounted file system)
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|
and adjust the list of KEYWORDs to skip appropriately.
|
|
.It
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Re-run
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|
.Xr rcorder 8 ,
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|
this time including the scripts in the
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.Va $local_startup
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directories.
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|
Ignore everything up to the
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|
.Va $early_late_divider ,
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|
then start executing the scripts as described above.
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|
.It
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|
If the file
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.Va ${firstboot_sentinel}
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exists, delete it.
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|
If the file
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|
.Va ${firstboot_sentinel}-reboot
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|
also exists (because it was created by a script), then delete it and reboot.
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|
.El
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|
.Ss Operation of Nm rc.shutdown
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.Bl -enum
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|
.It
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Source
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.Pa /etc/rc.subr
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to load various
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|
.Xr rc.subr 8
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shell functions to use.
|
|
.It
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Load the configuration files.
|
|
.It
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Invoke
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.Xr rcorder 8
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|
to order the files in
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.Pa /etc/rc.d/
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|
and the
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|
.Va $local_startup
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|
directories
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|
that have a
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|
.Dq Li shutdown
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|
KEYWORD (refer to
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|
.Xr rcorder 8 Ns 's
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.Fl k
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|
flag),
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|
reverse that order, and assign the result to a variable.
|
|
.It
|
|
Call each script in turn using
|
|
.Fn run_rc_script
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|
(from
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.Xr rc.subr 8 ) ,
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|
which sets
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|
.Va $1
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|
to
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|
.Dq Li stop ,
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|
and sources the script in a subshell.
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|
If the script has a
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|
.Pa .sh
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|
suffix then it is sourced directly into the current shell.
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|
.El
|
|
.Ss Contents of Nm rc.d/
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|
.Nm rc.d/
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|
is located in
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|
.Pa /etc/rc.d/ .
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|
The following file naming conventions are currently used in
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|
.Nm rc.d/ :
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|
.Bl -tag -width ".Pa ALLUPPERCASE" -offset indent
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|
.It Pa ALLUPPERCASE
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|
Scripts that are
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|
.Dq placeholders
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|
to ensure that certain operations are performed before others.
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|
In order of startup, these are:
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|
.Bl -tag -width ".Pa NETWORKING"
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|
.It Pa NETWORKING
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|
Ensure basic network services are running, including general
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|
network configuration.
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|
.It Pa SERVERS
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|
Ensure basic services
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|
exist for services that start early (such as
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|
.Pa nisdomain ) ,
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|
because they are required by
|
|
.Pa DAEMON
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|
below.
|
|
.It Pa DAEMON
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|
Check-point before all general purpose daemons such as
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|
.Pa lpd
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|
and
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|
.Pa ntpd .
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|
.It Pa LOGIN
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|
Check-point before user login services
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|
.Pa ( inetd
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|
and
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|
.Pa sshd ) ,
|
|
as well as services which might run commands as users
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|
.Pa ( cron
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|
and
|
|
.Pa sendmail ) .
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Pa foo.sh
|
|
Scripts that are to be sourced into the current shell rather than a subshell
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|
have a
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|
.Pa .sh
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|
suffix.
|
|
Extreme care must be taken in using this, as the startup sequence will
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|
terminate if the script does.
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|
.It Pa bar
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|
Scripts that are sourced in a subshell.
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|
The boot does not stop if such a script terminates with a non-zero status,
|
|
but a script can stop the boot if necessary by invoking the
|
|
.Fn stop_boot
|
|
function (from
|
|
.Xr rc.subr 8 ) .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Each script should contain
|
|
.Xr rcorder 8
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|
keywords, especially an appropriate
|
|
.Dq Li PROVIDE
|
|
entry, and if necessary
|
|
.Dq Li REQUIRE
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq Li BEFORE
|
|
keywords.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Each script is expected to support at least the following arguments, which
|
|
are automatically supported if it uses the
|
|
.Fn run_rc_command
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|
function:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width ".Cm restart" -offset indent
|
|
.It Cm start
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|
Start the service.
|
|
This should check that the service is to be started as specified by
|
|
.Xr rc.conf 5 .
|
|
Also checks if the service is already running and refuses to start if
|
|
it is.
|
|
This latter check is not performed by standard
|
|
.Fx
|
|
scripts if the system is starting directly to multi-user mode, to
|
|
speed up the boot process.
|
|
If
|
|
.Cm forcestart
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|
is given, ignore the
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|
.Xr rc.conf 5
|
|
check and start anyway.
|
|
.It Cm stop
|
|
If the service is to be started as specified by
|
|
.Xr rc.conf 5 ,
|
|
stop the service.
|
|
This should check that the service is running and complain if it is not.
|
|
If
|
|
.Cm forcestop
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|
is given, ignore the
|
|
.Xr rc.conf 5
|
|
check and attempt to stop.
|
|
.It Cm restart
|
|
Perform a
|
|
.Cm stop
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|
then a
|
|
.Cm start .
|
|
.It Cm status
|
|
If the script starts a process (rather than performing a one-off
|
|
operation), show the status of the process.
|
|
Otherwise it is not necessary to support this argument.
|
|
Defaults to displaying the process ID of the program (if running).
|
|
.It Cm describe
|
|
Print a short description of what the script does.
|
|
.It Cm extracommands
|
|
Print the script's non-standard commands.
|
|
.It Cm poll
|
|
If the script starts a process (rather than performing a one-off
|
|
operation), wait for the command to exit.
|
|
Otherwise it is not necessary to support this argument.
|
|
.It Cm enabled
|
|
Return 0 if the service is enabled and 1 if it is not.
|
|
This command does not print anything.
|
|
.It Cm rcvar
|
|
Display which
|
|
.Xr rc.conf 5
|
|
variables are used to control the startup of the service (if any).
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If a script must implement additional commands it can list them in
|
|
the
|
|
.Va extra_commands
|
|
variable, and define their actions in a variable constructed from
|
|
the command name (see the
|
|
.Sx EXAMPLES
|
|
section).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following key points apply to old-style scripts in
|
|
.Pa /usr/local/etc/rc.d/ :
|
|
.Bl -bullet
|
|
.It
|
|
Scripts are only executed if their
|
|
.Xr basename 1
|
|
matches the shell globbing pattern
|
|
.Pa *.sh ,
|
|
and they are executable.
|
|
Any other files or directories present within the directory are silently
|
|
ignored.
|
|
.It
|
|
When a script is executed at boot time, it is passed the string
|
|
.Dq Li start
|
|
as its first and only argument.
|
|
At shutdown time, it is passed the string
|
|
.Dq Li stop
|
|
as its first and only argument.
|
|
All
|
|
.Nm rc.d/
|
|
scripts are expected to handle these arguments appropriately.
|
|
If no action needs to be taken at a given time
|
|
(either boot time or shutdown time),
|
|
the script should exit successfully and without producing an error message.
|
|
.It
|
|
The scripts within each directory are executed in lexicographical order.
|
|
If a specific order is required,
|
|
numbers may be used as a prefix to the existing filenames,
|
|
so for example
|
|
.Pa 100.foo
|
|
would be executed before
|
|
.Pa 200.bar ;
|
|
without the numeric prefixes the opposite would be true.
|
|
.It
|
|
The output from each script is traditionally a space character,
|
|
followed by the name of the software package being started or shut down,
|
|
.Em without
|
|
a trailing newline character (see the
|
|
.Sx EXAMPLES
|
|
section).
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SCRIPTS OF INTEREST
|
|
When an automatic reboot is in progress,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is invoked with the argument
|
|
.Cm autoboot .
|
|
One of the scripts run from
|
|
.Pa /etc/rc.d/
|
|
is
|
|
.Pa /etc/rc.d/fsck .
|
|
This script runs
|
|
.Xr fsck 8
|
|
with option
|
|
.Fl p
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl F
|
|
to
|
|
.Dq preen
|
|
all the disks of minor inconsistencies resulting
|
|
from the last system shutdown.
|
|
If this fails, then checks/repairs of serious inconsistencies
|
|
caused by hardware or software failure will be performed
|
|
in the background at the end of the booting process.
|
|
If
|
|
.Cm autoboot
|
|
is not set, when going from single-user to multi-user mode for example,
|
|
the script does not do anything.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Pa /etc/rc.d/local
|
|
script can execute scripts from multiple
|
|
.Nm rc.d/
|
|
directories.
|
|
The default location includes
|
|
.Pa /usr/local/etc/rc.d/ ,
|
|
but these may be overridden with the
|
|
.Va local_startup
|
|
.Xr rc.conf 5
|
|
variable.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Pa /etc/rc.d/serial
|
|
script is used to set any special configurations for serial devices.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm rc.firewall
|
|
script is used to configure rules for the kernel based firewall
|
|
service.
|
|
It has several possible options:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width ".Ar filename" -compact -offset indent
|
|
.It Cm open
|
|
will allow anyone in
|
|
.It Cm client
|
|
will try to protect just this machine
|
|
.It Cm simple
|
|
will try to protect a whole network
|
|
.It Cm closed
|
|
totally disables IP services except via
|
|
.Pa lo0
|
|
interface
|
|
.It Cm UNKNOWN
|
|
disables the loading of firewall rules
|
|
.It Ar filename
|
|
will load the rules in the given filename (full path required).
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Pa /etc/rc.d/atm*
|
|
scripts are used to configure ATM network interfaces.
|
|
The interfaces are configured in three passes.
|
|
The first pass performs the initial interface configuration.
|
|
The second pass completes the interface configuration and defines PVCs and
|
|
permanent ATMARP entries.
|
|
The third pass starts any ATM daemons.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Most daemons, including network related daemons, have their own script in
|
|
.Pa /etc/rc.d/ ,
|
|
which can be used to start, stop, and check the status of the service.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Any architecture specific scripts, such as
|
|
.Pa /etc/rc.d/apm
|
|
for example, specifically check that they are on that architecture
|
|
before starting the daemon.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Following tradition, all startup files reside in
|
|
.Pa /etc .
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Bl -tag -compact -width Pa
|
|
.It Pa /etc/rc
|
|
.It Pa /etc/rc.conf
|
|
.It Pa /etc/rc.conf.local
|
|
.It Pa /etc/rc.d/
|
|
.It Pa /etc/rc.firewall
|
|
.It Pa /etc/rc.local
|
|
.It Pa /etc/rc.shutdown
|
|
.It Pa /etc/rc.subr
|
|
.It Pa /var/run/dmesg.boot
|
|
.Xr dmesg 8
|
|
results soon after the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
process begins.
|
|
Useful when
|
|
.Xr dmesg 8
|
|
buffer in the kernel no longer has this information.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh EXAMPLES
|
|
The following is a minimal
|
|
.Nm rc.d/
|
|
style script.
|
|
Most scripts require little more than the following.
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
#!/bin/sh
|
|
#
|
|
|
|
# PROVIDE: foo
|
|
# REQUIRE: bar_service_required_to_precede_foo
|
|
|
|
\&. /etc/rc.subr
|
|
|
|
name="foo"
|
|
rcvar=foo_enable
|
|
command="/usr/local/bin/foo"
|
|
|
|
load_rc_config $name
|
|
run_rc_command "$1"
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Certain scripts may want to provide enhanced functionality.
|
|
The user may access this functionality through additional commands.
|
|
The script may list and define as many commands at it needs.
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
#!/bin/sh
|
|
#
|
|
|
|
# PROVIDE: foo
|
|
# REQUIRE: bar_service_required_to_precede_foo
|
|
# BEFORE: baz_service_requiring_foo_to_precede_it
|
|
|
|
\&. /etc/rc.subr
|
|
|
|
name="foo"
|
|
rcvar=foo_enable
|
|
command="/usr/local/bin/foo"
|
|
extra_commands="nop hello"
|
|
hello_cmd="echo Hello World."
|
|
nop_cmd="do_nop"
|
|
|
|
do_nop()
|
|
{
|
|
echo "I do nothing."
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
load_rc_config $name
|
|
run_rc_command "$1"
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
As all processes are killed by
|
|
.Xr init 8
|
|
at shutdown, the explicit
|
|
.Xr kill 1
|
|
is unnecessary, but is often included.
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr kill 1 ,
|
|
.Xr rc.conf 5 ,
|
|
.Xr init 8 ,
|
|
.Xr rc.subr 8 ,
|
|
.Xr rcorder 8 ,
|
|
.Xr reboot 8 ,
|
|
.Xr savecore 8
|
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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utility appeared in
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.Bx 4.0 .
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